JP3601621B2 - Cross-section survey method and surveying instrument - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial applications]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cross-section survey method for performing a cross-section survey, which is one of the route surveys required when constructing a route such as a road, and a surveying instrument for performing the cross-section survey.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the case of constructing a route such as a road, a centerline survey for determining the centerline of the route, a vertical survey along the centerline, and a cross-sectional survey for determining the height of the level ground perpendicular to the centerline are performed.
[0003]
This cross-section survey is a survey that forms the basis for civil engineering work on routes and the like along with the longitudinal survey, performs a center line survey that measures the designed center line on the ground, and With respect to the line, level measurement is performed in a direction along the center line (road direction) by longitudinal surveying, and level measurement in a direction perpendicular to the center line is performed by crossing surveying in a direction perpendicular to the center line. Actual civil engineering works such as embankment and cut are performed based on these survey data.
[0004]
In order to perform such a survey, a theodolite and a distance meter are used. In recent surveying instruments, particularly in the theodolites, electronic theodolites which can electrically read altitude angle and horizontal angle in place of the conventional optical type have become mainstream. Further, a total station (a surveying instrument) in which a light wave distance meter is integrated with the electronic theodolite has been increasingly used.
[0005]
A cross-sectional survey using a conventional total station will be described with reference to FIG.
[0006]
A center line 1 is measured from a known point by center surveying, and a known intermediate point No. is placed on the center line. (N + 1), No. (N + 2), No. (N + 3) are set at equal intervals. Further, a center pile (not shown) is erected at the known intermediate point. The ground height on the left and right and the distance from the center pile are measured based on the center pile by crossing survey. A longitudinal survey is performed for each of the center piles.
[0007]
For example, a cross-section survey When performing the (N + 3) center pile, the total station is installed at an arbitrary position P which has a required angle with respect to the crossing line and the center line and can see through the crossing line. The total station is no. Data input is performed to determine which position is left or right with respect to the (N + 3) center pile. This is because the data differs depending on the installation position on the route.
[0008]
Next, the measurement assistant sets up a pole provided with a prism for light wave measurement at the position of the center pile, and the measurer measures the distance to the pole, the horizontal angle from the reference direction, and the altitude angle, and temporarily coordinates the coordinates. Set. The position of the pole was moved left and right with respect to the target center pile, the distance to the pole at each movement position, the horizontal angle from the center pile, and the altitude angle were measured, and finally the center pile was referenced. The data is converted into distance and specific height, the level surface is calculated as numerical data, and these measured data are input. Such measurement is repeated as many times as the number of the center piles, and data of a cross section corresponding to the center pile is obtained. By drawing based on the data of the cross section, the shape of the cross section as shown in FIG. 5 can be obtained.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional cross-sectional survey method, necessary measurements such as the position of the known center pile must be performed in order to install the total station at an arbitrary position. Furthermore, since the ground height on the left and right and the distance from the center pile are measured based on the center pile erected at the intermediate point, the distance from the total station to the measurement point, the horizontal angle from the reference direction, and the altitude angle are calculated. Need to measure. The detection of the horizontal angle and the altitude angle can be almost instantaneously detected by collimating the target, but in the case of distance measurement, it takes time, and it takes more time to measure a plurality of times and take an average. Further, in the case of distance measurement, a person having a pole on which a prism is mounted is required, so that an auxiliary measurer is required for measurement. It is preferable that the prism for distance measurement is fixed. However, since the auxiliary measurer actually has the prism, the prism is not always at a correct position, and it is difficult to perform accurate measurement. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the route 4 is raised as shown in FIG. 6, when the total station 2 is installed on the route 4, the pole 3a standing on the left end of the route in FIG. The pole 3b standing on the right end of the route cannot be collimated. Therefore, when performing surveying on the pole 3b, a turning point (refilling point 3c) is provided, first the surveying is performed on the refilling point 3c by the total station 2 on the route 4, then the total station 2 is moved out of the route 4, and thereafter Collimation measurement was performed for the refilling point 3c and the pole 3b. For this reason, the work was very complicated.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and enables cross-sectional surveying without performing distance measurement, thereby simplifying work and reducing the number of workers.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, a center line formula indicating a center line is acquired in advance, a first known point is set, a second known point is set on the center line, and the center line is passed through the second known point. Calculating a designated crossing line orthogonal to, colliding the designated traversing line from the first known point, calculating a horizontal angle and an altitude angle when the designated traversing line is collimated, A virtual straight line is calculated from a point and the horizontal angle, an intersection on the plane between the virtual straight line and the designated transverse line is calculated, and the intersection is determined from the plane coordinates of the intersection and the plane coordinates of the first known point. A horizontal distance between the first known point and the first known point by calculation, and relates to a cross-sectional surveying method of calculating the specific height of the intersection by the horizontal distance and the altitude angle , and further comprising a horizontal angle reading unit, an altitude angle reading unit, , the center line being staked, the plane coordinates of the second known point on the centerline, the surveying instrument is installed Means for storing the data of the plane coordinates or the like of the first known point, passes through the second known point of the center line, calculating the specified transverse line perpendicular to the center line, the first known When the specified transverse line is collimated from a point, a horizontal line in the collimating direction detected by the horizontal angle reading unit and a virtual straight line in the collimating direction are calculated from the first known point , and the designated transverse line is calculated. An intersection with the virtual straight line is calculated, and a horizontal distance between the first known point and the intersection is calculated from the plane coordinates of the first known point and the plane coordinates of the intersection, and the horizontal distance and the elevation angle reading unit calculate the horizontal distance between the first known point and the intersection. those of the altitude angle detected in the general control unit at least provided to that measured amounts machine for calculating the relative height of the intersection point.
[0012]
[Action]
Crossing surveying is possible without distance measurement work.Since it is only necessary to measure the horizontal angle and altitude angle, it is possible to directly survey the ground along the designated traversing line, and therefore, to have a pole for surveying The surveyor can operate the surveying instrument without the need for a surveyor, and the surveyor can perform surveying without the need for distance measurement. The surveying time can be greatly reduced, and the power consumption is reduced by shortening the surveying time. Power consumption can be prevented.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
The survey data of the center line survey and the longitudinal survey and the coordinates of the known points are stored in the device, and after the completion of the center line survey and the longitudinal survey, the intermediate point other than the intermediate point for performing the cross-sectional survey, a known point such as a reference point, or the rear. The total station 2 is installed at a known point obtained by surveying or the like. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 shows an example in which the total station 2 is installed at a known installation point 8 obtained by a backward survey or the like.
[0015]
A surveying instrument according to the present invention and a control device of the total station 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
[0016]
In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a general control unit. The general control unit 10 includes a distance measurement / angle measurement control unit 11, a main storage unit 12, a power supply control unit 13, a display unit 14, an external storage device 15, an external input / output unit. A terminal 16 is connected, a horizontal angle reading unit 17, an altitude angle reading unit 18, and a light wave distance meter unit 19 are further connected to the distance measurement / angle measurement control unit 11, and the power supply control unit 13 is further connected to a storage battery or the like. Power supply 20 is connected.
[0017]
The general control unit 10 calculates a calculation program for calculating the virtual straight line 6, a program for calculating the intersection of the designated crossing line 5 and the virtual straight line 6, and further calculates a distance between the middle point Mm and the intersection 7, and a distance between the middle point Mm and the installation point 8. And a control signal for controlling the elevation of the surveying instrument main body, horizontal rotation, level operation, etc., by using the distance measuring method. -Issued to the angle measurement control unit 11.
[0018]
The distance / angle control unit 11 calculates the horizontal angle based on the detection signal from the horizontal angle reading unit 17, calculates the altitude angle based on the signal from the altitude angle reading unit 18, and calculates the lightwave distance meter unit. The distance to the reflecting prism is calculated based on the signal from the control unit 19, and the calculation results are input to the general control unit 10 and the main storage unit 12 via the general control unit 10. The horizontal rotation drive unit and the elevation drive unit (not shown) are driven based on the signals from the altitude angle reading unit 18, the lightwave distance meter unit 19, and the control signal from the general control unit 10.
[0019]
The main storage unit 12 stores the center line 1, the designated traversing line 5, and the virtual straight line 6, and also stores data such as data of an intermediate point and survey data along the designated traversing line 5.
[0020]
The power supply control unit 13 stabilizes the power supplied from the power supply 20 and supplies the power to the general control unit 10 and the distance / angle measurement control unit 11.
[0021]
The display unit 14 displays the measurement data of the designated crossing line 5 during the measurement as shown in FIG. 3, for example, or may display the cross-sectional shape.
[0022]
The external storage device 15 is, for example, a memory card, and the general control unit 10 can freely read and write the external storage device 15 and stores design data or survey data on the drawing. .
[0023]
The external input / output terminal 16 is a connection terminal for an external recording device or the like. The external input / output terminal 16 is a calculation program for calculating the virtual straight line 6, a program for calculating the intersection of the designated crossing line 5 and the virtual straight line 6, and the intermediate point Mm and the intersection 7. An arithmetic program such as a program for calculating the distance between the intermediate point Mm and the installation point 8 and a program for calculating the specific height of the intersection 7 may be stored in the external recording device.
[0024]
Hereinafter, the operation will be described.
[0025]
After installing the total station 2 at the known installation point 8, the coordinates at which the total station 2 is installed are input to the general control unit 10 via an external input device (not shown) connected to the external input / output terminal 16. (If installed at an intermediate point other than the intermediate point for cross-sectional survey, enter the coordinates of the installed intermediate point.)
[0026]
The data input to the total station 2 and stored in the main storage unit 12 are a formula of a center line (curve or straight line) connecting known points, and plane coordinates of an intermediate point obtained by equally dividing the center line. An identification number such as M1... Mm... Mn is automatically or manually assigned to the intermediate point.
[0027]
A cross-section survey is performed for each intermediate point. Hereinafter, the cross-section survey for the intermediate point Mm will be described. A straight line (designated transverse line) 5 which passes through the intermediate point Mm and is orthogonal to the center line 1 is calculated and input.
[0028]
The total station 2 collimates the ground on the designated crossing line 5 or a pole standing on the designated crossing line 5.
[0029]
The horizontal angle and the altitude angle are detected by the horizontal angle reading unit 17 and the altitude angle reading unit 18 based on the collimation. Further, based on the obtained horizontal angle and the coordinates of the installation point 8, the visual control is performed by the general control unit 10. A virtual straight line 6 is calculated at the plane coordinates in the quasi direction, and an intersection 7 of the virtual straight line 6 and the designated transverse line 5 at the plane coordinates is calculated.
[0030]
By calculating the coordinates of the intersection 7 in the plane coordinates, the horizontal distance between the intermediate point Mm and the intersection 7 is further calculated from the coordinates of the intersection 7 and the coordinates of the intermediate point Mm. The horizontal distance between the intersection 7 and the installation point 8 is calculated from the coordinates of the installation point 8 and the coordinates of the installation point 8.
[0031]
Further, the specific altitude and the altitude are back calculated from the altitude angle at this time and the calculated horizontal distance between the intersection 7 and the installation point 8. The horizontal distance and the altitude between the intermediate point Mm and the intersection 7 are input and accumulated.
[0032]
Further, the collimating direction of the total station 2 is changed, and the measurement of the designated crossing line 5 is similarly performed for the required points on the designated crossing line 5.
[0033]
The above-described cross-sectional survey is performed for each intermediate point M1... Mn. As described above, the coordinates of each intermediate point M1... Mn are already stored, and the cross-sectional survey for the intermediate point Mm can be calculated without the distance measuring operation as described above. The crossing survey is performed in real time, and the data is always calculated whenever there is an intersection between the collimating direction of the total station 2 and the designated crossing line 5.
[0034]
According to the present invention, since the ground can be directly measured, the standing of the pole 3c shown in FIG. 6 can be omitted by placing the total station 2 at a known point. The number of known points on the designated traversing line may be two or more.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform a cross-sectional survey without a distance measuring operation, and it is only necessary to measure an angle. It is possible to perform surveying with only one measurer who operates the surveying instrument without the need for an auxiliary measurer to have, and the distance measurement is not necessary, so the surveying time can be greatly reduced, and the power consumption by shortening the surveying time Power consumption can be prevented, the current position on the designated traverse can always be displayed, and in the case of distance measurement, the current position can be displayed in cooperation with the prism provided on the pole. Can exhibit various excellent effects such as selection by the surveyor on the total station 2 side.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a surveying method according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a display unit according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional surveying method.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a cross-sectional shape obtained by cross-sectional survey.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional survey method.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Center line 2 Total station 10 Total control unit 11 Distance / angle measurement control unit 12 Main storage unit 13 Power supply control unit 14 Display unit 15 External storage device 16 External input / output terminal 17 Horizontal angle reading unit 18 Altitude angle reading unit 19 Light wave Distance meter unit 20 power supply

Claims (2)

A center line formula indicating a center line is obtained in advance, a first known point is set, a second known point is set on the center line, and a designation is made that passes through the second known point and is orthogonal to the center line. A crossing line is obtained by calculation, and the specified crossing line is collimated from the first known point, and a horizontal angle and an altitude angle when the specified crossing line is collimated are obtained, and the first known point and the horizontal A virtual straight line is calculated from the corner by calculation, and an intersection on the plane between the virtual straight line and the designated transverse line is obtained by calculation. A cross-sectional surveying method, wherein a horizontal distance between known points is calculated by calculation, and a specific height of the intersection is calculated by the horizontal distance and the altitude angle. A horizontal angle reading unit, an altitude angle reading unit, and data such as a center line to be measured, plane coordinates of a second known point on the center line, and plane coordinates of a first known point at which the surveying instrument is installed are stored. Means for calculating a designated transverse line passing through a second known point on the center line and orthogonal to the center line, and collimating the designated transverse line from the first known point, A virtual straight line in the collimation direction is calculated from the horizontal angle in the collimation direction detected by the horizontal angle reading unit and the first known point, and an intersection between the designated transverse line and the virtual straight line is calculated, and a first known line is calculated. A horizontal distance between the first known point and the intersection is calculated from the plane coordinates of the point and the plane coordinates of the intersection, and a specific height of the intersection is calculated from the horizontal distance and the altitude angle detected by the altitude angle reading unit. A surveying instrument comprising at least a general control unit for performing a survey.

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