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JP3585249B2 - Fuel cell power generator - Google Patents

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JP3585249B2
JP3585249B2 JP14449993A JP14449993A JP3585249B2 JP 3585249 B2 JP3585249 B2 JP 3585249B2 JP 14449993 A JP14449993 A JP 14449993A JP 14449993 A JP14449993 A JP 14449993A JP 3585249 B2 JP3585249 B2 JP 3585249B2
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steam
supply amount
reforming
fuel gas
raw fuel
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JPH076780A (en
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信弘 岩佐
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、燃料電池発電部に循環供給した冷却水から水蒸気を分離する気水分離器と、原燃料ガスと前記気水分離器から供給される水蒸気とを改質反応させて改質ガスを生成する改質装置と、その改質装置からの改質ガス及び水蒸気を変成反応させて変成ガスを生成する変成装置と、前記気水分離器から供給される水蒸気から熱回収する排熱回収装置と、前記改質装置への原燃料ガス供給量を調整する原燃料ガス供給量調整手段と、前記改質装置への改質用水蒸気供給量を調整する改質用水蒸気供給量調整手段と、前記排熱回収装置への排熱回収用水蒸気供給量を調整する排熱回収用水蒸気供給量調整手段が設けられ、前記燃料電池発電部の電気負荷が大になるほど前記原燃料ガス供給量を大にするように、前記原燃料ガス供給量調整手段を制御する制御手段が設けられた燃料電池発電装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
かかる燃料電池発電装置では、COガスは、燃料電池発電部の触媒の表面に吸着されて触媒の表面を少なくして発生電圧を低下させるという、いわゆるCO被毒の原因となる。従って、改質装置にて炭化水素等の原燃料ガスを改質した改質ガスはHガスとCOガスを主成分とするので、その改質ガス中のCOガスを変成装置にて改質装置からの水蒸気と変成反応させて、HガスとCOガスを主成分とする変成ガスに変成して、COガス濃度を低くしている。即ち、変成装置において変成反応用に用いる水蒸気は、改質装置において改質反応用に用いた残りの水蒸気(以下、余剰水蒸気と称する場合もある)を用いている。
又、燃料電池発電部に循環供給した冷却水から分離した水蒸気の一部を、改質装置に改質反応用として供給するとともに、残りを、空調設備、給湯設備等の熱利用設備の熱源として使用するために排熱回収装置に供給する。
【0003】
ところで、改質用水蒸気供給量調整手段及び排熱回収用水蒸気供給量調整手段にて改質装置への改質用水蒸気供給量を調整していても、運転状態の変動に伴って、気水分離器における水蒸気の発生量が変動するので、実際の改質用水蒸気供給量も変動する。従って、従来では、運転状態の変動に伴って実際の改質用水蒸気供給量が減少した場合でも、確実にCO被毒を防止するために、改質用水蒸気供給量と原燃料ガス供給量との比が大きくなるように(例えば、改質反応用水蒸気と原燃料ガス中の炭素のモル比(S/C)が3〜4になるように)、改質用水蒸気供給量調整手段及び排熱回収用水蒸気供給量調整手段を調整していた。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の燃料電池発電装置では、改質用水蒸気供給量と原燃料ガス供給量との比を大きくしてCO被毒を防止するものであるため、排熱回収装置への排熱回収用水蒸気供給量を多くし難く、排熱回収率を増加させ難いという問題があった。
【0005】
本発明は、かかる実情に鑑みて成されたものであり、その目的は、CO被毒を防止しながら、排熱回収率を増大することが可能となる燃料電池発電装置を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明による燃料電池発電装置の特徴構成は、前記気水分離器の加圧高温水を前記変成装置に供給する供給手段と、その供給手段にて加圧高温水を供給する供給状態と供給しない供給停止状態とに切り換える切り換え手段と、前記原燃料ガス供給量を検出する原燃料ガス供給量検出手段と、前記改質用水蒸気供給量を検出する改質用水蒸気供給量検出手段とが設けられ、前記制御手段が、前記原燃料ガス供給量検出手段及び前記改質用水蒸気供給量検出手段の検出情報に基づいて、検出改質用水蒸気供給量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス供給量(Mc)との関係がCO被毒防止用設定条件になると前記切り換え手段を前記供給停止状態から前記供給状態に切り換えるように構成されている点にある。
【0007】
【作用】
制御手段は、原燃料ガス供給量検出手段及び改質用水蒸気供給量検出手段の検出情報に基づいて、検出改質用水蒸気供給量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス供給量(Mc)との関係がCO被毒防止用設定条件になると、切り換え手段を供給停止状態から供給状態に切り換える。そして、供給手段から気水分離器の加圧高温水が変成装置に供給され、その加圧高温水から発生した水蒸気が変成反応用に用いられる。
【0008】
つまり、運転状態の変動に伴って実際の改質用水蒸気供給量が減少して、検出改質用水蒸気供給量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス供給量(Mc)との関係がCO被毒防止用設定条件になると、気水分離器の加圧高温水が変成装置に供給されるので、改質用水蒸気供給量と原燃料ガス供給量との比が小さくなるように、改質用水蒸気供給量調整手段及び排熱回収用水蒸気供給量調整手段を調整しても、CO被毒を防止することが可能となる。
【0009】
【発明の効果】
従って、本発明によれば、CO被毒を防止しながら、改質用水蒸気供給量と原燃料ガス供給量との比を小さくして、排熱回収装置への排熱回収用水蒸気供給量を多くすることが可能となるので、CO被毒を防止しながら、排熱回収率を増大することが可能となる燃料電池発電装置を提供することができるようになった。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1中の1は、原燃料ガス供給路2からの天然ガス(CH)等の炭化水素系の原燃料ガスを脱硫する脱硫装置である。脱硫装置1にて脱硫された脱硫原燃料ガスをエジェクタ3に供給するように、脱硫装置1とエジェクタ3とを脱硫原燃料ガス供給路4にて接続し、気水分離器5からの水蒸気をエジェクタ3に噴出供給するように、気水分離器5とエジェクタ3とを水蒸気供給路6にて接続してある。エジェクタ3にて混合された脱硫原燃料ガスと水蒸気とを改質装置7に供給するように、エジェクタ3と改質装置7とを被改質ガス供給路25にて接続してある。
【0011】
改質装置7にて生成された改質ガスを変成装置8に供給するように、改質装置7と変成装置8とを改質ガス供給路9にて接続してある。尚、図中の7Aは改質装置7を加熱するためのガスバーナである。又、8Aは起動時に変成装置8を加熱するための電気ヒータ、8Bは変成反応用の酸化鉄又は銅系の触媒である。
【0012】
図中の10は、燐酸電解質層を備えた燃料電池発電部であり、この燃料電池発電部10は、図示しないが、燐酸電解質層の一方の面に燃料極を付設し且つ他方の面に酸素極を付設して構成したセルの多数を積層状に並設して構成してある。図中の10Aは、前記セル夫々の前記燃料極に燃料ガスを供給するように設けた燃料ガス供給部であり、10Bは、前記セル夫々の前記酸素極に酸素含有ガスとしての空気を供給するように設けた空気供給部である。
【0013】
変成装置8にて生成された変成ガスを燃料ガスとして燃料電池発電部10の燃料ガス供給部10Aに供給するように、変成装置8と燃料ガス供給部10Aとを変成ガス供給路11にて接続してある。ファン12からの空気を空気供給部10Bに供給するように、ファン12と空気供給部10Bとを空気供給路13にて接続してある。もって、燃料電池発電部10における、変成ガス中のHガスと空気中のOガスとの電気化学反応によって、燃料電池発電部10から直流電力を得られるように構成してある。
【0014】
燃料電池発電部10に冷却水を循環供給するように、気水分離器5と燃料電池発電部10とをポンプ14を介装した冷却水循環路15にて接続してあり、又、変成装置8に冷却水を循環供給するように、気水分離器5と変成装置8とをポンプ14を介装した冷却水循環路16にて接続してある。気水分離器5は、燃料電池発電部10及び変成装置8に循環供給した冷却水から水蒸気を分離するように構成してあり、その水蒸気の一部を、水蒸気供給路6にてエジェクタ3を通じて改質装置7に改質反応用として供給すると共に、残りの水蒸気を、排熱回収用水蒸気供給路17にて排熱回収用として排熱回収装置Hとしての熱交換器18に供給する。熱交換器18は、気水分離器5からの水蒸気と熱交換することにより得られた水蒸気、高温水を、空調設備、給湯設備等の熱源として供給するように構成してある。
【0015】
変成装置8には、加圧高温水を変成反応用の触媒8Bに散布するノズル19を配設してある。そして、気水分離器5内の加圧高温水をノズル19から散布するように、気水分離器5とノズル19とを高温水供給路20にて接続してある。
【0016】
図中の21は、変成ガス供給路11を通流する変成ガスの一部を脱流用ガスとして原燃料ガス供給路2に供給する脱流用ガス供給路であり、22は、燃料電池発電部10の前記燃料極からの排ガスを燃焼用ガスとしてガスバーナ7Aに供給する排ガス路であり、23は、ガスバーナ7Aからの燃焼排ガス、及び、燃料電池発電部10の前記空気極からの排ガスを排出する排ガス路である。又、24は、排ガス路23を通流する排ガスと熱交換して温水を得るための熱交換器である。
【0017】
次に、脱硫装置1について説明を加える。
脱硫装置1は、原燃料ガス中の硫黄分と脱流用ガス供給路21から供給される変成ガス中のHガスとを下記の反応式で反応させて硫化水素とし、この硫化水素を酸化亜鉛に吸着させるように構成してある。
+S→H
【0018】
次に、改質装置7について説明を加える。
改質装置7は、ガスバーナ7Aにて約700°Cに加熱したニッケル、ルテニウム等の触媒を用いて、原燃料ガス(CH)と水蒸気とを下記の反応式で反応させて改質処理するように構成してある。
CH+HO→CO+3H
【0019】
次に、変成装置8について説明を加える。
変成装置8は、200〜400°C程度に加熱した触媒8Bを用いて、水蒸気と改質ガス中のCOガスとを下記の反応式で反応させて変成処理するように構成してある。
CO+HO→CO+H
尚、上記変成反応は発熱反応であるので、起動時には電気ヒータ8Aにて触媒8Bを加熱するが、起動後は、冷却水にて触媒8Bの温度を200〜400°C程度に維持する。
【0020】
次に、燃料電池発電装置の制御構成について説明する。
原燃料ガス供給路2、水蒸気供給路6及び排熱回収用水蒸気供給路17の夫々には、流量調整用の比例弁V1,V2,V3の夫々を介装し、高温水供給路20には開閉弁V4を介装してある。又、原燃料ガス供給路2には、原燃料ガス供給路2を通流する原燃料ガス流量(原燃料ガス供給量に相当する)を検出する流量検出装置S1を介装し、水蒸気供給路6には、水蒸気供給路6を通流する改質用水蒸気流量(改質用水蒸気供給量に相当する)を検出する流量検出装置S2を介装してある。
【0021】
従って、比例弁V1は改質装置7への原燃料ガス供給量を調整する原燃料ガス供給量調整手段として、比例弁V2は改質装置7への改質用水蒸気供給量を調整する改質用水蒸気供給量調整手段として、及び、比例弁V3は熱交換器18への排熱回収用水蒸気供給量を調整する排熱回収用水蒸気供給量調整手段として夫々機能する。又、ノズル19は、気水分離器5の加圧高温水を変成装置8に供給する供給手段Kとして機能し、開閉弁V4は、ノズル19にて加圧高温水を散布するか否かに切り換える切り換え手段として機能する。又、流量検出装置S1は原燃料ガス供給量を検出する原燃料ガス供給量検出手段として、流量検出装置S2は改質用水蒸気供給量を検出する改質用水蒸気供給量検出手段として夫々機能する。
【0022】
図中のCは、マイクロコンピュータを利用した制御装置であり、その制御装置Cは、比例弁V1,V2,V3夫々の開度の制御、及び、流量検出装置S1,S2夫々の検出情報に基づく開閉弁V4の開閉制御を実行する。以下、制御装置Cの制御作動について説明する。
【0023】
予め、比例弁V1,V2,V3夫々の目標開度を、燃料電池発電部10からの出力電流値に応じて以下のように設定して、制御装置Cに記憶させてある。
比例弁V1の目標開度は、原燃料ガス流量が前記出力電流値に応じた適切な流量になるように、前記出力電流値が大になるほど原燃料ガス流量が大になるように設定する。又、比例弁V2,V3の夫々の目標開度は、前記出力電流値の変動にかかわらず改質用水蒸気流量と原燃料ガス流量との比が所定の値に維持されるように、改質用水蒸気流量を調整すべく設定する。尚、前記所定の値は、例えば、改質反応用水蒸気と原燃料ガス中の炭素のモル比(S/C)が1.5〜2.5になる場合の改質用水蒸気流量と原燃料ガス流量との比に設定する。
【0024】
制御装置Cは、燃料電池発電部10からの出力電流値を検出する電流検出装置(図示せず)の検出電流値に基づいて、比例弁V1,V2,V3夫々の開度を前記目標開度に調整する。
又、制御装置Cは、流量検出装置S1,S2夫々の検出情報に基づいて、検出改質用水蒸気流量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス流量(Mc)との比(Ms/Mc)を演算すると共に、その演算比(Ms/Mc)が設定値よりも大きいときは、開閉弁V4を閉成状態に維持し、前記設定値以下になると、開閉弁V4を閉成状態から開成状態に切り換える。尚、前記設定値は、改質反応用水蒸気と原燃料ガス中の炭素のモル比(S/C)が例えば1.0になるときの改質用水蒸気流量(Ns)と原燃料ガス流量(Nc)との比(Ns/Nc)に設定する。
従って、制御装置Cは、燃料電池発電部10の電気負荷が大になるほど原燃料ガス供給量を大にするように、比例弁V1を制御する制御手段として機能する。又、その制御装置Cは、検出改質用水蒸気流量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス流量(Mc)との比(Ms/Mc)が設定値以下になる条件をCO被毒防止用設定条件として、原燃料ガス供給量検出手段としての流量検出装置S1及び改質用水蒸気供給量検出手段としての流量検出装置S2の検出情報に基づいて、検出改質用水蒸気供給量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス供給量(Mc)との関係がCO被毒防止用設定条件になると切り換え手段としての開閉弁V4を閉成状態から開成状態に切り換えるように構成してある。
【0025】
〔別実施例〕
次に別実施例を列記する。
▲1▼ 上記実施例では、燃料電池発電部10からの出力電流値の変動にかかわらず、改質用水蒸気流量と原燃料ガス流量との比が所定の値に維持されるように、改質用水蒸気流量を調整すべく、比例弁V2,V3の夫々の開度を制御する場合について例示したが、これに代えて、前記出力電流値の変動にかかわらず、熱交換器18への排熱回収用水蒸気供給量を所定の量に維持すべく、比例弁V2,V3の夫々の開度を制御しても良い。尚、この場合は、前記出力電流値がになるほど、改質用水蒸気流量と原燃料ガス流量との比が小さくなり、前記出力電流値が所定の値になると、改質用水蒸気流量と原燃料ガス流量との比が前記設定値以下になる。
【0026】
▲2▼ 上記実施例では、制御装置Cを、流量検出装置S1,S2夫々の検出情報に基づいて、検出改質用水蒸気流量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス流量(Mc)との比(Ms/Mc)を演算すると共に、その演算比(Ms/Mc)が設定値以下になると、開閉弁V4を閉成状態から開成状態に切り換えるように構成したが、これに代えて、検出改質用水蒸気流量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス流量(Mc)とにより改質反応用水蒸気と原燃料ガス中の炭素のモル比(S/C)を演算すると共に、その演算モル比(S/C)が設定値以下になると、開閉弁V4を閉成状態から開成状態に切り換えるように構成しても良い。この場合、CO被毒防止用設定条件としての前記設定値は、変成反応用の余剰水蒸気の量が少なくなってCO被毒が防止できなくなるときの改質用水蒸気と原燃料ガス中の炭素のモル比(S/C)に設定する。
【0027】
▲3▼ 上記実施例では、供給手段Kとして,加圧高温水を変成反応用の触媒8Bに散布するノズル19を適用する場合について例示したが、これに代えて、加圧高温水を改質ガス供給路9内に噴出する噴出用ノズルを適用しても良い。
【0028】
▲4▼ 排熱回収装置Hの具体構成は、種々の構成が可能であり、例えば、空調設備そのものにて構成しても良い。この場合は、気水分離器5からの水蒸気が空調設備の熱源として用いられる。
【0029】
尚、特許請求の範囲の項に図面との対照を便利にするために符号を記すが、該記入により本発明は添付図面の構成に限定されるものではない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例にかかる燃料電池発電装置の全体構成図
【符号の説明】
5 気水分離器
7 改質装置
8 変成装置
10 燃料電池発電部
C 制御手段
H 排熱回収装置
K 供給手段
V1 原燃料ガス供給量調整手段
V2 改質用水蒸気供給量調整手段
V3 排熱回収用水蒸気供給量調整手段
V4 切り換え手段
S1 原燃料ガス供給量検出手段
S2 改質用水蒸気供給量検出手段
[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention provides a steam-water separator for separating steam from cooling water circulated and supplied to a fuel cell power generation unit, and a reforming reaction between a raw fuel gas and steam supplied from the steam-water separator to produce a reformed gas. A reformer that generates the gas, a reformer that generates a reformed gas by performing a metamorphic reaction between the reformed gas and steam from the reformer, and an exhaust heat recovery device that recovers heat from the steam supplied from the steam separator. A raw fuel gas supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts a raw fuel gas supply amount to the reformer, a reforming steam supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts a reforming steam supply amount to the reformer, Exhaust heat recovery steam supply amount adjusting means for adjusting the exhaust heat recovery steam supply amount to the exhaust heat recovery device is provided, and the raw fuel gas supply amount increases as the electric load of the fuel cell power generation unit increases. So that the raw fuel gas supply amount adjusting means Gosuru control means to a fuel cell power plant provided with.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In such a fuel cell power generation device, the CO gas is adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst in the fuel cell power generation unit, thereby reducing the surface of the catalyst and lowering the generated voltage, which causes so-called CO poisoning. Therefore, since the reformed gas obtained by reforming the raw fuel gas such as hydrocarbons by the reforming device is mainly composed of H 2 gas and CO gas, the CO gas in the reformed gas is reformed by the reforming device. A shift reaction is performed with steam from the apparatus to convert the steam into a shift gas mainly composed of H 2 gas and CO 2 gas, thereby reducing the CO gas concentration. That is, as the steam used for the shift reaction in the shift converter, the remaining steam used for the shift reaction in the reformer (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as excess steam) is used.
In addition, a part of the steam separated from the cooling water circulated and supplied to the fuel cell power generation unit is supplied to the reformer for the reforming reaction, and the rest is used as a heat source for heat utilization equipment such as air conditioning equipment and hot water supply equipment. Supply to waste heat recovery unit for use.
[0003]
By the way, even when the reforming steam supply amount to the reformer is adjusted by the reforming steam supply amount adjusting means and the exhaust heat recovery steam supply amount adjusting means , the steam Since the amount of generated steam in the separator fluctuates, the actual amount of reforming steam supplied also fluctuates. Therefore, conventionally, even when the actual reforming steam supply amount is reduced due to a change in the operation state, the reforming steam supply amount and the raw fuel gas supply amount are set to reliably prevent CO poisoning. The reforming steam supply amount adjusting means and the exhaust gas are adjusted so that the ratio of the steam for reforming reaction becomes large (for example, the molar ratio (S / C) between the steam for reforming reaction and the carbon in the raw fuel gas becomes 3 to 4). The steam supply amount adjusting means for heat recovery was adjusted.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional fuel cell power generator, since the ratio of the supply amount of the reforming steam to the supply amount of the raw fuel gas is increased to prevent CO poisoning, exhaust heat recovery by the exhaust heat recovery device is performed. There is a problem that it is difficult to increase the supply amount of steam for use, and it is difficult to increase the exhaust heat recovery rate.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generator capable of increasing a waste heat recovery rate while preventing CO poisoning. .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The fuel cell power generator according to the present invention is characterized in that a supply means for supplying the pressurized high-temperature water of the steam separator to the shift converter, and a supply state in which the supply means supplies the pressurized high-temperature water, and the supply is not performed. Switching means for switching to a supply stop state; raw fuel gas supply amount detecting means for detecting the raw fuel gas supply amount; and reforming steam supply amount detecting means for detecting the reforming steam supply amount. The control unit detects the reforming steam supply amount (Ms) and the detected raw fuel gas supply amount (Mc) based on the detection information of the raw fuel gas supply amount detection unit and the reforming steam supply amount detection unit. ) Is such that the switching means is switched from the supply stopped state to the supply state when the set condition for CO poisoning prevention is satisfied.
[0007]
[Action]
The control unit is configured to determine a relationship between the detected reforming steam supply amount (Ms) and the detected raw fuel gas supply amount (Mc) based on the detection information of the raw fuel gas supply amount detection unit and the reforming steam supply amount detection unit. When the condition for setting the CO poisoning prevention is satisfied, the switching means is switched from the supply stop state to the supply state. Then, the pressurized high-temperature water of the steam separator is supplied from the supply means to the shift apparatus, and steam generated from the pressurized high-temperature water is used for the shift reaction .
[0008]
In other words, the actual reforming steam supply amount decreases with changes in the operating state, and the relationship between the detected reforming steam supply amount (Ms) and the detected raw fuel gas supply amount (Mc) is reduced by the CO poisoning prevention. When the setting conditions are satisfied, the pressurized high-temperature water of the steam separator is supplied to the shift converter, so that the ratio of the reforming steam supply rate to the raw fuel gas supply rate is reduced. Even if the amount adjusting means and the exhaust heat recovery steam supply amount adjusting means are adjusted, CO poisoning can be prevented.
[0009]
【The invention's effect】
Therefore, according to the present invention, the ratio of the supply amount of steam for reforming to the supply amount of raw fuel gas is reduced while preventing CO poisoning, and the supply amount of steam for exhaust heat recovery to the exhaust heat recovery device is reduced. Since it is possible to increase the number of fuel cells, it is possible to provide a fuel cell power generator capable of increasing the exhaust heat recovery rate while preventing CO poisoning.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1 denotes a desulfurization apparatus for desulfurizing a hydrocarbon-based raw fuel gas such as natural gas (CH 4 ) from the raw fuel gas supply path 2. The desulfurization device 1 and the ejector 3 are connected via the desulfurization source fuel gas supply path 4 so that the desulfurization raw fuel gas desulfurized by the desulfurization device 1 is supplied to the ejector 3. The steam separator 5 and the ejector 3 are connected by a steam supply path 6 so that the ejector 3 is ejected and supplied. The ejector 3 and the reforming device 7 are connected by a reformed gas supply passage 25 so that the desulfurization raw fuel gas and the steam mixed by the ejector 3 are supplied to the reforming device 7.
[0011]
The reforming device 7 and the reforming device 8 are connected via a reformed gas supply passage 9 so that the reformed gas generated by the reforming device 7 is supplied to the converting device 8. 7A is a gas burner for heating the reformer 7. Reference numeral 8A denotes an electric heater for heating the shift converter 8 at the time of startup, and 8B denotes an iron oxide or copper-based catalyst for a shift reaction.
[0012]
Reference numeral 10 in the figure denotes a fuel cell power generation unit provided with a phosphoric acid electrolyte layer. Although not shown, the fuel cell power generation unit 10 has a fuel electrode provided on one surface of the phosphoric acid electrolyte layer and oxygen on the other surface. A large number of cells provided with poles are arranged side by side in a stacked manner. 10A in the figure is a fuel gas supply unit provided to supply a fuel gas to the fuel electrode of each of the cells, and 10B supplies air as an oxygen-containing gas to the oxygen electrode of each of the cells. Is an air supply unit provided as described above.
[0013]
The shift device 8 and the fuel gas supply unit 10A are connected via the shift gas supply path 11 so that the shift gas generated by the shift device 8 is supplied as fuel gas to the fuel gas supply unit 10A of the fuel cell power generation unit 10. I have. The fan 12 and the air supply unit 10B are connected by an air supply path 13 so that the air from the fan 12 is supplied to the air supply unit 10B. Thus, the fuel cell power generation unit 10 is configured to obtain DC power from the fuel cell power generation unit 10 by an electrochemical reaction between the H 2 gas in the metamorphic gas and the O 2 gas in the air.
[0014]
The steam / water separator 5 and the fuel cell power generation unit 10 are connected by a cooling water circulation path 15 with a pump 14 interposed therebetween so that the cooling water is circulated and supplied to the fuel cell power generation unit 10. The steam / water separator 5 and the shift converter 8 are connected by a cooling water circulation path 16 in which a pump 14 is interposed so as to circulate and supply the cooling water to the cooling water. The steam separator 5 is configured to separate steam from the cooling water circulated and supplied to the fuel cell power generation unit 10 and the shift converter 8, and a part of the steam is passed through the ejector 3 through the steam supply path 6. The remaining steam is supplied to the reformer 7 for the reforming reaction, and the remaining steam is supplied to the heat exchanger 18 as the exhaust heat recovery device H for the exhaust heat recovery in the exhaust heat recovery steam supply path 17. The heat exchanger 18 is configured to supply steam and high-temperature water obtained by exchanging heat with steam from the steam separator 5 as heat sources for air conditioning equipment, hot water supply equipment, and the like.
[0015]
The shift device 8 is provided with a nozzle 19 for spraying pressurized high-temperature water to the shift reaction catalyst 8B. Then, the steam-water separator 5 and the nozzle 19 are connected by a high-temperature water supply path 20 so that the pressurized high-temperature water in the steam-water separator 5 is sprayed from the nozzle 19.
[0016]
In the figure, reference numeral 21 denotes an outflow gas supply path that supplies a part of the metamorphic gas flowing through the metamorphic gas supply path 11 to the raw fuel gas supply path 2 as an outflow gas, and 22 denotes a fuel cell power generation unit 10. 23 is an exhaust gas path for supplying the exhaust gas from the fuel electrode to the gas burner 7A as a combustion gas. The exhaust gas 23 emits the combustion exhaust gas from the gas burner 7A and the exhaust gas from the air electrode of the fuel cell power generation unit 10. Road. Reference numeral 24 denotes a heat exchanger for exchanging heat with exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas passage 23 to obtain hot water.
[0017]
Next, the desulfurization apparatus 1 will be described.
The desulfurization device 1 reacts the sulfur content in the raw fuel gas with the H 2 gas in the metamorphic gas supplied from the degassing gas supply passage 21 by the following reaction formula to form hydrogen sulfide, and converts the hydrogen sulfide into zinc oxide. It is constituted so that it may be adsorbed.
H 2 + S → H 2 S
[0018]
Next, the reformer 7 will be described.
The reformer 7 uses a catalyst such as nickel or ruthenium heated to about 700 ° C. by a gas burner 7A to react the raw fuel gas (CH 4 ) and steam with the following reaction formula to perform a reforming treatment. It is configured as follows.
CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3H 2
[0019]
Next, the metamorphic device 8 will be described.
The shift device 8 is configured to perform a shift process by reacting steam and CO gas in the reformed gas by the following reaction formula using the catalyst 8B heated to about 200 to 400 ° C.
CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2
Since the shift reaction is an exothermic reaction, the catalyst 8B is heated by the electric heater 8A at the time of startup, but after the startup, the temperature of the catalyst 8B is maintained at about 200 to 400 ° C. with cooling water.
[0020]
Next, a control configuration of the fuel cell power generator will be described.
In each of the raw fuel gas supply passage 2, the steam supply passage 6, and the exhaust heat recovery steam supply passage 17, proportional valves V1, V2, and V3 for flow rate adjustment are interposed. An on-off valve V4 is interposed. The raw fuel gas supply path 2 is provided with a flow rate detection device S1 for detecting the flow rate of the raw fuel gas (corresponding to the raw fuel gas supply amount) flowing through the raw fuel gas supply path 2, and a steam supply path. 6 is provided with a flow rate detecting device S2 for detecting a reforming steam flow rate (corresponding to a reforming steam supply amount) flowing through the steam supply path 6.
[0021]
Therefore, the proportional valve V1 serves as a raw fuel gas supply amount adjusting means for adjusting the raw fuel gas supply amount to the reforming device 7, and the proportional valve V2 adjusts the reforming steam supply amount to the reforming device 7. The proportional valve V3 functions as an exhaust heat recovery steam supply amount adjusting unit that adjusts the exhaust heat recovery steam supply amount to the heat exchanger 18. Further, the nozzle 19 functions as a supply means K for supplying the pressurized high-temperature water of the steam separator 5 to the shift converter 8, and the on-off valve V4 determines whether or not the nozzle 19 sprays the pressurized high-temperature water. It functions as switching means for switching. The flow rate detecting device S1 functions as raw fuel gas supply amount detecting means for detecting the raw fuel gas supply amount, and the flow rate detecting device S2 functions as reforming steam supply amount detecting means for detecting the reforming steam supply amount. .
[0022]
C in the figure is a control device using a microcomputer, and the control device C is based on control of the opening degree of each of the proportional valves V1, V2, and V3 and detection information of each of the flow rate detection devices S1 and S2. The on / off control of the on / off valve V4 is executed. Hereinafter, the control operation of the control device C will be described.
[0023]
The target opening of each of the proportional valves V1, V2, and V3 is set in advance as follows according to the output current value from the fuel cell power generation unit 10 and stored in the control device C in advance.
The target opening of the proportional valve V1 is set such that the raw fuel gas flow rate increases as the output current value increases, so that the raw fuel gas flow rate becomes an appropriate flow rate according to the output current value. The target opening of each of the proportional valves V2 and V3 is set so that the ratio between the reforming steam flow rate and the raw fuel gas flow rate is maintained at a predetermined value regardless of the fluctuation of the output current value. Set to adjust the steam flow rate for use. The predetermined value is, for example, the flow rate of the reforming steam and the raw fuel when the molar ratio (S / C) of the steam for the reforming reaction to the carbon in the raw fuel gas is 1.5 to 2.5. Set the ratio to the gas flow rate.
[0024]
The control device C determines the opening of each of the proportional valves V1, V2, and V3 based on the detected current value of a current detection device (not shown) that detects the output current value from the fuel cell power generation unit 10. Adjust to
Further, the control device C calculates the ratio (Ms / Mc) between the detection reforming steam flow rate (Ms) and the detected raw fuel gas flow rate (Mc) based on the detection information of the flow rate detection devices S1 and S2. At the same time, when the operation ratio (Ms / Mc) is larger than the set value, the on-off valve V4 is maintained in the closed state, and when the ratio falls below the set value, the on-off valve V4 is switched from the closed state to the open state. Note that the set values are the reforming steam flow rate (Ns) and the raw fuel gas flow rate (Ns) when the molar ratio (S / C) between the reforming reaction steam and the carbon in the raw fuel gas is 1.0, for example. Nc) (Ns / Nc).
Therefore, the control device C functions as control means for controlling the proportional valve V1 so that the raw fuel gas supply amount increases as the electric load of the fuel cell power generation unit 10 increases. Further, the control device C sets a condition that a ratio (Ms / Mc) of the detected reforming steam flow rate (Ms) to the detected raw fuel gas flow rate (Mc) becomes equal to or less than a set value as a set condition for CO poisoning prevention. Based on the detection information of the flow rate detecting device S1 as the raw fuel gas supply amount detecting means and the flow rate detecting device S2 as the reforming steam supply amount detecting means, the detected steam supply amount for reforming (Ms) and the detected raw fuel are determined. When the relationship with the gas supply amount (Mc) becomes a set condition for preventing CO poisoning, the on-off valve V4 as a switching means is switched from a closed state to an open state.
[0025]
(Another embodiment)
Next, another embodiment will be described.
{Circle around (1)} In the above embodiment, the reforming is performed such that the ratio between the reforming steam flow rate and the raw fuel gas flow rate is maintained at a predetermined value regardless of the fluctuation of the output current value from the fuel cell power generation unit 10. Although the case where the respective opening degrees of the proportional valves V2 and V3 are controlled in order to adjust the steam flow rate for use has been exemplified, instead of this, regardless of the fluctuation of the output current value, the exhaust heat to the heat exchanger 18 may be controlled. In order to maintain the recovery steam supply amount at a predetermined amount, the respective opening degrees of the proportional valves V2 and V3 may be controlled. In this case, as the output current value becomes small, the ratio of steam flow rate and the raw fuel gas flow reforming is reduced, when the output current value becomes a predetermined value, the water vapor flow rate and the original reforming The ratio with the fuel gas flow rate is equal to or less than the set value.
[0026]
{Circle around (2)} In the above embodiment, the control device C is configured to set the ratio (Ms) between the detection reforming steam flow rate (Ms) and the detected raw fuel gas flow rate (Mc) based on the detection information of the flow rate detection devices S1 and S2. / Mc), and when the operation ratio (Ms / Mc) becomes equal to or less than the set value, the on-off valve V4 is switched from the closed state to the open state. Based on the steam flow rate (Ms) and the detected raw fuel gas flow rate (Mc), the molar ratio (S / C) between the reforming reaction steam and the carbon in the raw fuel gas is calculated, and the calculated molar ratio (S / C) is calculated. May be configured to switch from the closed state to the open state when is less than or equal to the set value. In this case, the set value as the set condition for CO poisoning prevention is determined by the amount of the reforming steam and carbon in the raw fuel gas when the amount of surplus steam for the shift reaction becomes small and CO poisoning cannot be prevented. The molar ratio (S / C) is set.
[0027]
{Circle around (3)} In the above embodiment, the case where the nozzle 19 for spraying the pressurized high-temperature water to the catalyst 8B for the shift reaction is applied as the supply means K, but instead, the pressurized high-temperature water is reformed. A jet nozzle that jets into the gas supply path 9 may be used.
[0028]
{Circle around (4)} The specific configuration of the exhaust heat recovery device H can be various configurations, and for example, may be configured by the air conditioning equipment itself. In this case, the steam from the steam separator 5 is used as a heat source of the air conditioning equipment.
[0029]
Incidentally, reference numerals are written in the claims for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the attached drawings by the entry.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fuel cell power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference Signs List 5 steam-water separator 7 reformer 8 shifter 10 fuel cell power generator C control means H waste heat recovery device K supply means V1 raw fuel gas supply adjustment means V2 reforming steam supply adjustment means V3 waste heat recovery Steam supply amount adjusting means V4 Switching means S1 Raw fuel gas supply amount detection means S2 Reforming steam supply amount detection means

Claims (1)

燃料電池発電部(10)に循環供給した冷却水から水蒸気を分離する気水分離器(5)と、原燃料ガスと前記気水分離器(5)から供給される水蒸気とを改質反応させて改質ガスを生成する改質装置(7)と、その改質装置(7)からの改質ガス及び水蒸気を変成反応させて変成ガスを生成する変成装置(8)と、前記気水分離器(5)から供給される水蒸気から熱回収する排熱回収装置(H)と、前記改質装置(7)への原燃料ガス供給量を調整する原燃料ガス供給量調整手段(V1)と、前記改質装置(7)への改質用水蒸気供給量を調整する改質用水蒸気供給量調整手段(V2)と、前記排熱回収装置(H)への排熱回収用水蒸気供給量を調整する排熱回収用水蒸気供給量調整手段(V3)が設けられ、前記燃料電池発電部(10)の電気負荷が大になるほど前記原燃料ガス供給量を大にするように、前記原燃料ガス供給量調整手段(V1)を制御する制御手段(C)が設けられた燃料電池発電装置であって、
前記気水分離器(5)の加圧高温水を前記変成装置(8)に供給する供給手段(K)と、その供給手段(K)にて加圧高温水を供給する供給状態と供給しない供給停止状態とに切り換える切り換え手段(V4)と、前記原燃料ガス供給量を検出する原燃料ガス供給量検出手段(S1)と、前記改質用水蒸気供給量を検出する改質用水蒸気供給量検出手段(S2)とが設けられ、前記制御手段(C)が、前記原燃料ガス供給量検出手段(S1)及び前記改質用水蒸気供給量検出手段(S2)の検出情報に基づいて、検出改質用水蒸気供給量(Ms)と検出原燃料ガス供給量(Mc)との関係がCO被毒防止用設定条件になると前記切り換え手段(V4)を前記供給停止状態から前記供給状態に切り換えるように構成されている燃料電池発電装置。
A steam-water separator (5) for separating steam from cooling water circulated and supplied to the fuel cell power generation unit (10), and a reforming reaction between the raw fuel gas and steam supplied from the steam-water separator (5). A reformer (7) for generating a reformed gas by using the reformer (8), and a reformer (8) for generating a reformed gas by subjecting the reformed gas and steam from the reformer (7) to a shift reaction. An exhaust heat recovery device (H) for recovering heat from steam supplied from the steam generator (5), a raw fuel gas supply amount adjusting means (V1) for adjusting a raw fuel gas supply amount to the reformer (7); A reforming steam supply amount adjusting means (V2) for adjusting a reforming steam supply amount to the reforming device (7), and an exhaust heat recovery steam supply amount to the exhaust heat recovery device (H). An exhaust heat recovery steam supply amount adjusting means (V3) for adjustment is provided, and The raw fuel gas supply amount as gas load is large so that the large, a the raw fuel gas supply amount control means for controlling the adjusting means (V1) (C) fuel cell power plant provided with,
Supply means (K) for supplying the pressurized high-temperature water of the steam separator (5) to the shift converter (8), and a supply state for supplying the pressurized high-temperature water by the supply means (K), and no supply. Switching means (V4) for switching to a supply stopped state, raw fuel gas supply amount detecting means (S1) for detecting the raw fuel gas supply amount, and reforming steam supply amount for detecting the reforming steam supply amount Detection means (S2) is provided, and the control means (C) performs detection based on detection information of the raw fuel gas supply amount detection means (S1) and the reforming steam supply amount detection means (S2). When the relation between the supply amount of reforming steam (Ms) and the supply amount of detected raw fuel gas (Mc) becomes a set condition for preventing CO poisoning, the switching means (V4) is switched from the supply stop state to the supply state. Fuel cell power generator configured in
JP14449993A 1993-06-16 1993-06-16 Fuel cell power generator Expired - Fee Related JP3585249B2 (en)

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DE19822691A1 (en) * 1998-05-20 1999-11-25 Volkswagen Ag Fuel cell system for a vehicle
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