JP3579883B2 - Waste home appliances processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste home appliances used for recovering valuable resources such as iron and non-ferrous metals (such as aluminum) from waste home appliances.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Processing devices for collecting valuables from discarded home appliances have long been known. As shown in FIG. 4, this type of conventional processing apparatus crushes waste home appliances by using a crusher to obtain crushed products, and then recovers an iron-based metal (ferromagnetic metal) from the crushed products using a magnetic separator. In addition, a non-ferrous metal sorter generally collects non-ferrous metals (weakly magnetic metals) such as aluminum. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the ferrous metal and the non-ferrous metal are separated and recovered in the conventional processing apparatus, but the recovery rate is not always satisfactory. In particular, a non-ferrous metal is not sufficiently separated, and a more reliable and high-yield recovery treatment apparatus is desired for effective use of resources. The rest of the metal recovered by the above processing is mostly plastic, and this plastic is also recovered.
[0003]
A permanent magnet or an electromagnet is used in the magnetic force sorter, and the ferrous metal is magnetically magnetized and removed (recovered) by a magnetic force. In addition, an eddy current sorter is often used as a non-ferrous metal sorter. The magnetic flux affects a non-ferrous metal (weakly magnetic metal) being conveyed by a rotating belt, and is scattered far from the end of the rotating belt, thereby affecting the magnetic flux. Non-metals (non-magnetic materials) that are not affected by this are dropped almost directly below the end of the rotating belt, thereby separating the two.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the above-mentioned crushed material is not uniform in size, and a mixture of various sizes, such as large and small, is placed underneath a large crushed material. There was a problem that removal by a machine could not be performed. However, since the magnetic separator is relatively inexpensive, it is possible to solve the above-mentioned problems without increasing the cost and improve the iron recovery rate by installing a magnetic separator in the subsequent process. It is.
[0005]
The problem with recovery is non-ferrous metals. A non-ferrous metal sorter is a device that sorts non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and non-magnetic materials (plastics and the like), but if a small non-ferrous metal is placed under a large non-magnetic material, it jumps out of the end of the rotating belt. As a result, it cannot be recovered as non-ferrous metal because it falls almost directly below the terminal together with the non-magnetic material.
[0006]
Further, even if the small non-ferrous metal is not placed under the non-ferrous metal, the non-ferrous metal cannot fly out when there is a large non-magnetic material in front of the small non-ferrous metal. In addition, if the maximum size of the crushed material is finely crushed to 40 mm or less, it is considered that the problem that the large non-magnetic material disturbs the sorting and the sorting becomes impossible can be solved. Is expensive because the crushing cost is too high. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a processing apparatus which can sort non-ferrous metals with a relatively simple structure at a high yield without significantly increasing the cost.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following processing apparatus. That is, the waste home appliance processing apparatus according to the present invention is a crusher that crushes waste home appliances into crushed materials, a magnetic separator that removes magnetic materials from crushed materials, and a crushed material from which magnetic materials have been removed. A sieve device for separating the sifted material and the sifted material, and a non-ferrous metal sorter for separately treating the sifted material and the sifted material separated by the sieving device to remove the non-ferrous metal It is characterized by.
[0008]
This treatment device screens the crushed waste home appliances into a large size and a small size after magnetic separation, and separately processes the sieved large and small products (non-ferrous metal sorting process). This solves the problem that small non-ferrous metal pieces are blocked by large non-magnetic substances and cannot be sorted out. As the above-mentioned sieve device, it is effective to use a wind-type sieve device capable of removing a floatable lightweight material.
[0009]
Embodiment
An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIG. In the figure, 1 is a crusher for crushing waste home appliances into crushed materials, 2 is a conveyor for transferring crushed materials, 3 is a magnetic separator provided on the discharge side of the conveyor 2, and 4 is a crushed material having a size. A sieving device for sieving the sifted material into a sifted material and a sifted material, 5 is a sieving screen of the sieving device, 6 is a non-ferrous metal sorter for receiving the sifted material, 7 is a non-ferrous metal sorter for receiving the sifted material, Reference numeral 8 denotes a magnetic separator for removing magnetic substances from the sieve material.
[0010]
The operation of this embodiment will be described. First, the crusher 1 crushes waste home appliances (TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.) into crushed products. The crusher 1 is a known crusher (for example, a single-shaft rotary shear crusher or a twin-shaft shear crusher). By this crushing process, most of the crushed material (80% or more by weight) has a 40 mm sieve. Crushed to a size that can pass. The remainder cannot pass through this sieve, and includes those having a maximum dimension of about 150 mm.
[0011]
The crushed material is transferred to the sieving device 4 by the conveyor 2. Since the magnetic separator 3 is provided on the discharge side of the conveyor 2, most of the ferrous metal (ferromagnetic material) is removed here. Then, the ferromagnetic material is transferred to the iron-based metal stock yard F by a transfer means (not shown).
[0012]
The crushed material from which most of the ferromagnetic material has been removed is introduced into the sieving device 4 from the conveyor 2. In the illustrated example, an inclined vibration type sieve device is used as the sieve device 4, and the sieve device 4 repeatedly vibrates in a diagonal direction as indicated by an arrow in the figure by vibrating means not shown. I have. The sieve device 4 is provided with a screen 5 having a sieve of 30 mm (a screen having a sieve of about 25 to 40 mm can be used depending on crushing conditions and the like). After being sieved into (non-sieved material) and large (impermeable) material that cannot pass through, the small one is separated into one non-ferrous metal sorter 6 and the large one is separated into the other non-ferrous metal sorter 7. Sent. The large sieve is sent to the non-ferrous metal sorter 7 after the ferrous metal mixed in by the magnetic sorter 8 is removed (recovered).
[0013]
The non-ferrous metal sorters 6 and 7 are provided with a rotating belt 9, and apply a magnetic flux to the non-ferrous metal moving on the rotating belt 9 to fly the non-ferrous metal away from the end of the rotating belt 9. . Since the moving object on the rotating belt 9 is sieved into a small object and a large object by the sieving device 4, a small non-ferrous metal may be placed under a large non-magnetic material (such as plastic) or may be hidden behind. However, the rotating belt 9 is reliably scattered far from the end. In addition, a non-magnetic material such as plastic falls almost directly below the rotating belt 9. The non-ferrous metal and non-magnetic material sorted by the non-ferrous metal sorters 6 and 7 are transferred to a non-ferrous metal stock yard H and a non-magnetic material stock yard P by a transfer means (not shown). .
[0014]
In the above description, the sieved material and the sieved material are sorted using different non-ferrous metal sorters, but one non-ferrous metal sorter may be used. In this case, a partition plate is provided on the rotating belt 9 for partitioning into a zone for sifted material and a zone for sifted material. And the sieve material may be introduced into each zone. Also, the description has been made using the inclined vibration type as the sieving apparatus 4. However, it is only necessary that the sieving apparatus 4 can be divided into smaller ones and larger ones based on a predetermined size. A sieve device such as a screen type can be used. Furthermore, although an eddy current type non-ferrous metal sorter has been described as a non-ferrous metal sorter, a non-ferrous metal sorter of a linear motor type may be used.
[0015]
Next, an embodiment different from the above will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, since there is a portion having the same structure as that of the above embodiment, the same portion is denoted by the same reference numeral and its description is omitted to avoid duplication. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 10 denotes a coarse crusher for crushing waste home appliances into coarse crushed materials, and reference numeral 11 denotes a conveyor for transferring the coarse crushed materials to the crusher 1.
[0016]
In the sieving device, a wind-force type sieving device 12 is used as a sorter, and a blower 13 for sending air from below the sifted material, and suction of the air and a light floating material in the sifted material. A suction duct 14 is provided. Further, the suction duct 14 is connected to an exhaust fan 16 via a collector 15. Reference numeral 17 denotes a volume reducer for reducing the volume of the collected matter collected by the collector.
[0017]
The operation of this embodiment will be described. First, the crushing efficiency is increased by coarsely crushing waste home appliances by the coarse crusher 10 to obtain a coarsely crushed product. In the coarse crusher 10, most of the coarse crushed material (80% or more by weight) is crushed to a size that can pass through a 150 mm sieve, and includes a maximum size of about 300 mm.
[0018]
This coarsely crushed material is sent to the same crusher 1 as described above by the conveyor 11 and crushed. In addition, it is preferable to manually collect and remove foreign substances such as electric cords (copper wires) and the like, which are difficult to automatically sort, and heavy objects such as motors on the conveyor 11.
[0019]
The crushed material crushed by the crusher 1 is sent to the combined-wind-type sieve device 12. Then, the sieved material that has passed through the screen 5 is sent to one non-ferrous metal sorter 6. The sieve on the screen that has not passed through the screen 5 is subjected to the action of the rising air from the blower 13. By this action, the floating lightweight material in the sieve material floats and is sucked into the suction duct 14 together with the air. Most of the floating substance is foamed plastic, and after being collected by the collector 15 is melted by a volume reducer and stored in a stock yard P 'of the reduced volume by a transfer means (not shown). You.
[0020]
The sieved material from which the floatable lightweight material has been removed is sent to the other non-ferrous metal sorter 7 after the ferrous metal mixed in by the magnetic sorter 8 is removed (recovered). In this way, as in the case of the above embodiment, the sieved product and the sieved product undergo different nonferrous metal sorting processes. At this time, since the floating lightweight material has been removed, the sorting accuracy of the non-ferrous metal is improved.
[0021]
FIG. 3 shows a specific example of a processing plant equipped with the above-described processing apparatus. This processing plant includes an A line using only a relatively low-speed crusher 1 as a crushing line, a coarse crusher 19 and And a B line using the crusher 1. The A line is a line for crushing a refrigerator or the like, for example, and the B line is a line for crushing a washing machine or an air conditioner, for example. In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes an input conveyor, 21 a feeder, 22 a maintenance hoist for a crusher, and 25 a discharge conveyor for discharging crushed materials crushed by the crusher onto the conveyor.
[0022]
The crushed material of the A line is directly supplied to the sorter (air-powered sieve device) 12 by the conveyor 2. On the other hand, the coarsely crushed material crushed by the coarse crusher 19 of the B line is sent to the crusher 1 by the crushed material discharge conveyor 27, and during this time, heavy objects such as motors and cords are manually selected by an operator. Foreign matter is removed. The crushed material crushed by the crusher 1 of the B line is transferred from the discharge conveyor 25 to the crushed material first conveyor 30, and further transferred by the crushed material second conveyor 31, during which the magnetic force sorter 3 uses iron or the like. Are sorted out. The sorted magnetic materials are stored in the iron stock yard F by the first iron conveyor 33 and the second iron conveyor 34. The crushed material from which the iron has been removed by the magnetic force sorter 3 is supplied to a sorter (wind sieve device) 12.
[0023]
The sorter 12 is a combined use of wind force and wind force type sieve device. The screen 5 vibrating obliquely up and down sorts the crushed material on a large sieve and below a small sieve. In addition, the floating light-weight material is removed (sorted) from the sieve material by wind power. The separator 12 is provided with a magnetic separator 8 for collecting iron from the sieve material, and the collected iron is sent to the iron stock yard F. In some cases, a magnetic separator for recovering the iron content of the sieved material may be provided.
[0024]
Among the crushed materials sorted by the sorter 12, large ones (on the sieve) are sent to the second non-ferrous metal sorter 7, and small ones (under the sieve) are sent to the first non-ferrous metal sorter 6, Each is sorted separately. The non-ferrous metal sorted by the non-ferrous metal sorting machine is carried to the non-ferrous metal stock yard H by the non-ferrous metal conveyor 35, and the crushed material (mainly plastic) other than the non-ferrous metal is carried to the plastic stock yard P by the plastic conveyor 36. It is.
[0025]
On the other hand, in this processing plant, a plurality of sets of cyclone type dust collectors (collectors) 40, 41 and 42 each having the exhaust fan 16 are provided. The suction ducts 14,... Of the first dust collector 40 are attached to the sorter 12, and suck and remove floating floating substances generated in the sorter. The sucked floating lightweight material is sent to a fixed-quantity feeder 45 by a urethane conveyor 37 provided at the outlet of the cyclone, and is supplied to the volume reducing device 17 by the fixed-quantity feeder, where it is melted and reduced in volume. It is sent to the container stockyard P '. The separated air is discharged into the atmosphere by the exhaust fan 16 through the silencer 47.
[0026]
The suction ducts 14,... Of the second dust collector 41 are provided near the inlet and the outlet of the crusher 1 of the A line and near the outlet of the volume reducer 46. A gas such as flammable gas or chlorofluorocarbon generated in the crusher 1 of the A-line is sucked together with the buoyant lightweight material, and the buoyant lightweight material is separated from the gas by the dust collector 41. The gas is supplied to a gas processing device (for example, a CFC recovery device or the like) (not shown) through the silencer 47.
[0027]
The suction ducts 14,... Of the third dust collector 42 are attached to the coarse crusher 19 and the inlet and outlet of the crusher 1 of the B line, the hand sorting work position of the conveyor 27, and the magnetic force sorter 3, The buoyancy machine 19, the crusher 1, and the buoyant lightweight materials generated by the magnetic force sorter 3 are collected and stored in a storage container (flexible pack) Y. The separated air is discharged to the atmosphere by the exhaust fan 16 through the silencer 47.
[0028]
According to this processing plant, various used home electric appliances can be crushed, and the crushed materials can be separated and collected into ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics, and the like. In addition, since a floating light substance and a gas can also be collected, it is effective for problems such as environmental pollution. It goes without saying that this processing plant can be used for processing waste OA equipment and the like.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, the processing apparatus for waste home appliances according to the present invention, in the step of performing non-ferrous metal sorting processing, sifts large crushed materials and small crushed materials, and separates large crushed materials and small crushed materials. , The small non-ferrous metal pieces can be recovered in good yield without disturbing the non-magnetic material. Although the above description has dealt exclusively with the treatment of household electrical appliances that have been discarded, it is clear that this device can be suitably used for sorting other industrial products.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view showing an embodiment different from the above.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a waste electric home appliances sorting processing plant.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a sorting processing method by a conventional processing apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 2 Conveyor 3 Magnetic separator 4 Screening device 5 Screen 6 Nonferrous metal separator 7 Nonferrous metal separator 8 Magnetic separator 9 Rotating belt 10 Coarse crusher 11 Conveyor 12 Combined wind power type sieve device 13 Blower 14 Suction duct 15 Capture Collector 16 Blower 17 Volume reducer

Claims (2)

A crusher that crushes waste home appliances into crushed materials, a magnetic separator that removes magnetic substances from crushed materials, and a sieving device that separates the crushed materials from which magnetic substances have been removed into upper and lower sieves A non-ferrous metal sorter for separately treating the upper and lower sieves separated by the sieve device to remove the non-ferrous metal. The waste electric home appliance treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sieving apparatus is a combined wind-type sieving apparatus capable of removing a floatable lightweight material.

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