JP3575499B2 - Ceramic fine aggregate for concrete - Google Patents
Ceramic fine aggregate for concrete Download PDFInfo
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- JP3575499B2 JP3575499B2 JP32143494A JP32143494A JP3575499B2 JP 3575499 B2 JP3575499 B2 JP 3575499B2 JP 32143494 A JP32143494 A JP 32143494A JP 32143494 A JP32143494 A JP 32143494A JP 3575499 B2 JP3575499 B2 JP 3575499B2
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- fine aggregate
- concrete
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- cement
- electric furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
- C04B18/141—Slags
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明はコンクリート建築物、コンクリート構築物、コンクリート成形物等に使用されるコンクリート用セラミック系細骨材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来コンクリート用の細骨材としては、主として川砂、ケイ砂、砕砂等の天然資源が使用されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし上記細骨材としての天然資源の開発、確保が次第に困難となり、将来良質なコンクリート用の細骨材が不足することは必至であると言われている。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記課題を解決するための手段として、表面に微細な凹凸を有する略球状の電気炉酸化スラグ粒化物からなるコンクリート用セラミック系細骨材を提供するものであり、該電気炉酸化スラグ粒化物は中空構造のものからなるかまたは中空構造のものを含むコンクリート用セラミック系細骨材が望ましい。
本発明を以下に詳細に説明する。
【0005】
〔電気炉酸化スラグ〕
本発明に言う電気炉酸化スラグは、通常Ca O10〜26重量%、Si O2 8〜22重量%、Mn O4〜7重量%、Mg O2〜8重量%、Fe O13〜32重量%、Fe2O3 9〜45重量%、Al2O3 4〜16重量%、Cr2O3 1〜4重量%程度含み、更に微量成分としてTi O2 0.25〜0.70重量%、P2 O5 0.15〜0.50重量%、S0.005〜0.085重量%程度含み、安定な鉱物組成を得るためのFe を20〜45重量%程度含むものであり、天然骨材成分に含まれる粘土、有機不純物、塩分を全く含まず、不安定な遊離石灰、遊離マグネシアあるいは鉱物も殆ど含まない。
【0006】
〔細骨材の製造〕
上記電気炉酸化スラグを粒化して細骨材を製造するには、該電気炉酸化スラグの溶融物を高速回転する羽根付きドラムに注入し、該溶融物を該羽根付きドラムによって破砕粒状化し、粒状化した該溶融物を水ミスト雰囲気中で急冷処理する方法が採られる。該羽根付きドラムは複数個配置して複数段の破砕粒状化を行なってもよい。
このようにして得られる電気炉酸化スラグの粒化物は通常5mm以下の粒径を有し細骨材に分類され、粒径2.5mm以下のものは略球状であり、比重は3.3〜3.8の範囲にあり、表面にはひび割れ等の欠陥はなく、微細な凹凸を有しまた中空構造のものからなるかまたは中空構造のものを含んでいる。そして粒度分布はJIS−A5005コンクリート用砕砂の規格範囲にある。
【0007】
〔セメント〕
上記表面に微細な凹凸を有する略球状の電気炉酸化スラグ粒化物からなる細骨材が混合されるセメントには、例えばポルトランドセメント、アルミナセメント、フライアッシュセメント、高炉スラグセメント、シリカセメント等がある。
【0008】
〔細骨材の使用〕
上記表面に微細な凹凸を有する電気炉酸化スラグ粒化物からなる細骨材とセメントとの混合比率は通常従来の天然細骨材と同様であり、体積比率としてセメント100に対して300〜600程度の細骨材が混合される。上記セメント−細骨材混合物には川砂、ケイ砂、砕石、砕砂、パーライト、フライアッシュ、高炉スラグ等の他の骨材、セメント硬化調節剤、減水剤、増粘剤等が添加されてもよい。
上記セメント−細骨材混合物には通常水がセメント100重量部に対して25〜60重量部程度添加されてスラリー状とされ、該スラリー状のセメント−細骨材混合物は通常型枠内に流し込まれ、建築物や構築物の躯体、あるいはテトラポット等のコンクリート成形物等のコンクリート製品となる。建築物や構築物の躯体の場合には型枠内に鉄筋が挿入される。
【0009】
【作用】
本発明の細骨材は略球状であり表面に微細な凹凸を有し、コンクリートが該凹凸に食い込むアンカー効果によってコンクリートと極めて良好な密着性を有する。
また本発明の細骨材は比重が大きくかつ中空構造のものからなるかまたは中空構造のものを含むので、コンクリート製品の断熱性および遮音性が向上する。
更に本発明の細骨材は略球状であるのでスラリーの流動性が良く、型枠に流し込む際の充填性に優れ、所定の形状が正確に得られまた巣穴等の欠陥の発生がない。
本発明の細骨材は製鋼過程で発生する産業廃棄物である電気炉酸化スラグから得られるので、資源的に問題はなく、かつ電気炉酸化スラグを有効利用することが出来る。
【0010】
【実施例】
〔細骨材の製造〕
図1に本発明の細骨材を製造する装置を示す。
即ち1500℃前後の電気炉酸化スラグ溶融物(1) を取鍋(2) からシューター(3) に移し、該シューター(3) から高速回転する羽根付きドラム(4,5) に注入する。該製鋼スラグ溶融物(1) は該羽根付きドラム(4,5) によって細破砕されて粒状化し、該電気炉酸化スラグ溶融物の粒化物(1A)は急冷チャンバー(6) 内にスプレー装置(7) からスプレーされる水ミストによって急冷される。そしてこのようにして得られた細骨材(8) は備蓄容器(9) 内に備蓄される。
【0011】
該細骨材(8) は略球状であり、表面にはひび割れ等の欠陥はなく、微細な凹凸が有り、高硬度(ビッカース硬さで755、モース硬さで6程度)を有し耐摩耗性に優れており、真比重は3.84、絶乾比重は3.52、耐火度は1100℃で、透磁性、導電性、耐酸性、耐アルカリ性等にも優れている。
該細骨材(8) の粒度分布を図2に示す。図2において実線グラフは本発明の骨材(8) の粒度分布、点線グラフはJIS−A5005コンクリート用細骨材の規格範囲を示し、該細骨材(8) は該規格範囲内であることが認められる。
【0012】
〔実施例1〕
上記細骨材と、比較として天然珪砂を用い、細骨材とセメントとの体積比を4.0として混合し、各混合物に対して水を添加してモルタルを調製し、該モルタルのフロー値が180mmになるように調整した。この場合の水−セメント比(重量比)を表1に示す。なお本発明の細骨材と天然珪砂の粒度はJIS−A5005コンクリート砕砂規格の中央の粒度になるよう篩別を行なった同一粒度のものを使用した。
【表1】
表1に示されるように、本発明の細骨材を使用した場合には、天然珪砂を使用した場合に比して同一フロー値にするための水−セメント比が格段に低いことが認められる。
【0013】
上記各モルタルを4cm×4cm×16cmのブロック材に成形し、20℃の恒温水槽中で養生した後、材令1日、3日、7日、28日で各ブロック材について曲げ強度および圧縮強度を測定した。その結果は表2に示される。
【表2】
表2によれば、本発明の細骨材を用いたブロック材Aは天然珪砂を細骨材として用いたブロック材Bよりも曲げ強度、圧縮強度共にはるかに高い値を示すことが認められる。
このような結果は、本発明の細骨材は略球状であるから、天然珪砂に比して同じフロー値を示すモルタルを調製するのに必要な水の量が格段に少なくてすみ、また本発明の細骨材は表面に微細な凹凸を有するから、該凹凸にセメントが食い込むアンカー効果によるものである。
【0014】
〔実施例2〕
上記本発明の細骨材を粒径5mm以下に篩別したものを使用して表3に示す混練物を作成した。
【表3】
上記混練物を型枠に充填して厚さ100mm、高さ190mm、長さ390mmの空洞コンクリートブロック(重量ブロック)を成形した。
該重量ブロックについて、JIS−A1416の音響透過損失測定方法によって実験室における音響透過損失を測定した結果を表4に示す。
【表4】
表4に示されるように本発明の細骨材を使用した重量ブロックは市販の重量ブロックに比して低周波帯域から高周波帯域まではるかに高い音響透過損失を示す。
これは本発明の細骨材が中空構造を有するために質量効果に加えて吸音効果が大きいことによるものと考えられる。
【0015】
〔実施例3〕
上記細骨材を篩別して粒径を1.2mm以下とした上で、下記表5の処方の混合物を作成した。
【表5】
組成Bは本発明の細骨材を添加しない比較組成である。
【0016】
組成A,Bの混合物を練り置き時間30分で型枠に打設して20秒後のスランプフロー試験と充填試験とを行なった結果を表6に示す。
【表6】
表6によれば、本発明の細骨材を使用した組成Aの混合物は本発明の細骨材を使用しない組成Bの混合物に比してはるかに高いスランプフローと充填値とを示す。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明のコンクリート用セラミック系細骨材は天然資源を消費することなく、電気炉製鋼過程で大量に発生する電気炉酸化スラグを原料とするから、資源的に問題はなくなりかつ電気炉酸化スラグを有効利用出来る。そして本発明のコンクリート用セラミック系細骨材は略球状で表面に微細な凹凸を有しかつ比重が大きく、中空構造のものからなるかまたは中空構造のものを含むので、超流動コンクリート用細骨材として有用で、かつコンクリートとの密着性が良好であり、優れた機械的強度、断熱性、遮音性を有し、重量ブロック、高速道路の遮音壁等の遮音板、建築物の躯体壁、テトラポット、魚礁、ヒューム管、暗渠ブロック、コンクリート積みブロック、L型擁壁、矢板、杭、下水道マンホール蓋、定盤、階段ブロック、舗石等のコンクリート製品に用いて優れた性能を発揮する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】骨材製造装置の説明図
【図2】骨材の粒度分布を示すグラフ
【符号の説明】
1 電気炉酸化スラグ溶融物
4,5 羽根付きドラム
6 冷却チャンバー
7 水ミストスプレー装置
8 細骨材[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a ceramic fine aggregate for concrete used in concrete buildings, concrete structures, concrete moldings, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a fine aggregate for concrete, natural resources such as river sand, silica sand, and crushed sand have been mainly used.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, it is said that the development and securing of natural resources as the above-mentioned fine aggregate gradually become difficult, and it is inevitable that there will be a shortage of high-quality fine aggregate for concrete in the future.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, as a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, provides a ceramic fine aggregate for concrete comprising a roughly spherical electric furnace oxidized slag having fine irregularities on its surface. The granulated material is preferably made of a hollow structure or a ceramic fine aggregate for concrete containing the hollow structure.
The present invention will be described in detail below.
[0005]
[Electric furnace oxidation slag]
The electric furnace oxidized slag referred to in the present invention generally contains 10 to 26% by weight of Ca 2 O, 8 to 22% by weight of SiO 2 , 4 to 7% by weight of Mn O, 2 to 8% by weight of Mg O, 13 to 32% by weight of Fe 2 O, and Fe 2 O 3 9-45 wt%, Al 2 O 3 4 to 16 wt%, Cr 2 O 3 containing about 1 to 4 wt%, further Ti O 2 .25-.70 wt% as a minor component, P 2 O 5 0.15 to 0.50% by weight, S about 0.005 to 0.085% by weight, and about 20 to 45% by weight of Fe for obtaining a stable mineral composition. It contains no clay, no organic impurities and no salt, and almost no unstable free lime, free magnesia or minerals.
[0006]
(Manufacture of fine aggregate)
To produce fine aggregate by granulating the electric furnace oxidized slag, a melt of the electric furnace oxidized slag is poured into a high-speed rotating bladed drum, and the melt is crushed and granulated by the bladed drum. A method of rapidly cooling the granulated melt in a water mist atmosphere is employed. A plurality of bladed drums may be arranged to perform crushing and granulation in a plurality of stages.
The granulated product of the electric furnace oxidized slag thus obtained is usually classified as fine aggregate having a particle size of 5 mm or less, and those having a particle size of 2.5 mm or less are substantially spherical, and have a specific gravity of 3.3 to less. In the range of 3.8, there are no defects such as cracks on the surface, the surface has fine irregularities, and it has a hollow structure or includes a hollow structure. The particle size distribution is within the standard range of JIS-A5005 crushed sand for concrete.
[0007]
〔cement〕
Examples of the cement in which the fine aggregate made of the roughly spherical electric furnace oxidized slag having fine irregularities on the surface are mixed include, for example, Portland cement, alumina cement, fly ash cement, blast furnace slag cement, silica cement, and the like. .
[0008]
(Use of fine aggregate)
The mixing ratio of the fine aggregate made of the electric furnace oxidized slag having fine irregularities on the surface and the cement is usually the same as that of the conventional natural fine aggregate, and the volume ratio is about 300 to 600 with respect to the cement 100 as the volume ratio. Of fine aggregate are mixed. Other aggregates such as river sand, silica sand, crushed stone, crushed sand, perlite, fly ash, blast furnace slag, cement hardening regulator, water reducing agent, thickener, etc. may be added to the cement-fine aggregate mixture. .
Usually, about 25 to 60 parts by weight of water is added to the cement-fine aggregate mixture with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement to form a slurry, and the slurry-like cement-fine aggregate mixture is usually poured into a mold. Thus, it becomes a concrete product such as a building or a building of the building, or a concrete molded product such as a tetrapod. In the case of a building or a building frame, a reinforcing bar is inserted into the formwork.
[0009]
[Action]
The fine aggregate of the present invention is substantially spherical and has fine irregularities on the surface, and has extremely good adhesion to concrete due to the anchor effect of the concrete biting into the irregularities.
Further, the fine aggregate of the present invention has a large specific gravity and has or includes a hollow structure, so that the heat insulation and sound insulation of the concrete product are improved.
Further, since the fine aggregate of the present invention has a substantially spherical shape, the fluidity of the slurry is good, the filling property at the time of pouring into a mold is excellent, a predetermined shape can be obtained accurately, and no defects such as burrows are generated.
The fine aggregate of the present invention can be obtained from electric furnace oxidized slag, which is industrial waste generated in the steel making process, so that there is no problem in resources and the electric furnace oxidized slag can be effectively used.
[0010]
【Example】
(Manufacture of fine aggregate)
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for producing the fine aggregate of the present invention.
That is, the melt (1) of the electric furnace oxidized slag at about 1500 ° C. is transferred from the ladle (2) to the shooter (3), and is poured from the shooter (3) into the high-speed rotating bladed drums (4, 5). The steelmaking slag melt (1) is finely crushed and granulated by the bladed drums (4, 5), and the granulated material (1A) of the electric furnace oxidized slag melt is sprayed into a quenching chamber (6) with a spray device (1). 7) Quenched by water mist sprayed from. The fine aggregate (8) thus obtained is stored in the storage container (9).
[0011]
The fine aggregate (8) is substantially spherical, has no defects such as cracks on its surface, has fine irregularities, has high hardness (about 755 in Vickers hardness and about 6 in Mohs hardness) and has wear resistance. The specific gravity is 3.84, the absolute specific gravity is 3.52, the fire resistance is 1100 ° C., and the magnetic permeability, conductivity, acid resistance, alkali resistance and the like are excellent.
FIG. 2 shows the particle size distribution of the fine aggregate (8). In FIG. 2, the solid line graph shows the particle size distribution of the aggregate (8) of the present invention, and the dotted line graph shows the standard range of JIS-A5005 fine aggregate for concrete, and the fine aggregate (8) is within the standard range. Is recognized.
[0012]
[Example 1]
Using the fine aggregate and natural silica sand for comparison, mixing the fine aggregate with cement at a volume ratio of 4.0, adding water to each mixture to prepare a mortar, and the flow value of the mortar. Was adjusted to be 180 mm. Table 1 shows the water-cement ratio (weight ratio) in this case. The fine aggregate and the natural silica sand of the present invention had the same particle size that had been sieved to the median particle size of JIS-A5005 crushed sand standard for concrete.
[Table 1]
As shown in Table 1, when the fine aggregate of the present invention is used, it is recognized that the water-cement ratio for obtaining the same flow value is significantly lower than that in the case where natural silica sand is used. .
[0013]
Each mortar was formed into a block of 4 cm × 4 cm × 16 cm and cured in a constant temperature water bath at 20 ° C., and the bending strength and compressive strength of each block were determined on
[Table 2]
According to Table 2, it is recognized that the block material A using the fine aggregate of the present invention exhibits much higher values of the bending strength and the compressive strength than the block material B using the natural silica sand as the fine aggregate.
These results indicate that, since the fine aggregate of the present invention is substantially spherical, the amount of water required to prepare a mortar having the same flow value as that of natural silica sand is significantly smaller, and Since the fine aggregate of the present invention has fine irregularities on the surface, it is due to the anchor effect that the cement bites into the irregularities.
[0014]
[Example 2]
A kneaded product shown in Table 3 was prepared by using the fine aggregate of the present invention sieved to a particle size of 5 mm or less.
[Table 3]
The kneaded material was filled into a mold to form a hollow concrete block (weight block) having a thickness of 100 mm, a height of 190 mm, and a length of 390 mm.
Table 4 shows the results of measuring the sound transmission loss in the laboratory for the weight block according to the method for measuring sound transmission loss of JIS-A1416.
[Table 4]
As shown in Table 4, the weight block using the fine aggregate of the present invention shows much higher sound transmission loss from the low frequency band to the high frequency band than the commercially available weight block.
This is considered to be due to the fact that the fine aggregate of the present invention has a hollow structure and thus has a large sound absorbing effect in addition to the mass effect.
[0015]
[Example 3]
The fine aggregate was sieved to reduce the particle size to 1.2 mm or less, and a mixture having the formulation shown in Table 5 below was prepared.
[Table 5]
Composition B is a comparative composition without adding the fine aggregate of the present invention.
[0016]
Table 6 shows the results of a slump flow test and a filling
[Table 6]
According to Table 6, the mixture of composition A using the fine aggregate of the present invention shows much higher slump flow and filling value than the mixture of composition B without using the fine aggregate of the present invention.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
The ceramic fine aggregate for concrete of the present invention does not consume natural resources and uses as a raw material electric furnace oxidized slag generated in large quantities in the electric furnace steelmaking process. Can be used effectively. Since the ceramic fine aggregate for concrete of the present invention is substantially spherical, has fine irregularities on the surface and has a large specific gravity, and has or includes a hollow structure, the fine aggregate for superfluid concrete is used. It is useful as a material, has good adhesion to concrete, has excellent mechanical strength, heat insulation and sound insulation, and is used for heavy blocks, sound insulation plates such as sound insulation walls on highways, building body walls, tetra It has excellent performance when used in concrete products such as pots, fish reefs, fume pipes, culvert blocks, concrete stacking blocks, L-shaped retaining walls, sheet piles, piles, sewer manhole covers, slabs, stair blocks and paving stones.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an aggregate manufacturing apparatus. FIG. 2 is a graph showing a particle size distribution of the aggregate.
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP32143494A JP3575499B2 (en) | 1994-11-29 | 1994-11-29 | Ceramic fine aggregate for concrete |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP32143494A JP3575499B2 (en) | 1994-11-29 | 1994-11-29 | Ceramic fine aggregate for concrete |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH08157246A JPH08157246A (en) | 1996-06-18 |
JP3575499B2 true JP3575499B2 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP32143494A Expired - Fee Related JP3575499B2 (en) | 1994-11-29 | 1994-11-29 | Ceramic fine aggregate for concrete |
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JP (1) | JP3575499B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2003011266A (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-15 | Hoshino Sansho:Kk | Laminated plate |
JP5064172B2 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Abrasion resistant material and repair method using the same |
US7884055B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2011-02-08 | Intevep, S.A. | Ceramic microspheres for cementing applications |
KR102171756B1 (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-10-29 | 주식회사 경봉기업 | Octopus fishing banks |
KR102299982B1 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-09-07 | 송준혁 | Artificial reef |
CN114380551A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-22 | 襄阳仁创铸造材料有限公司 | Artificial baking-free solid ceramsite and ceramsite concrete and preparation method thereof |
-
1994
- 1994-11-29 JP JP32143494A patent/JP3575499B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
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JPH08157246A (en) | 1996-06-18 |
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