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JP3565151B2 - Steam generator - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3565151B2
JP3565151B2 JP2000270685A JP2000270685A JP3565151B2 JP 3565151 B2 JP3565151 B2 JP 3565151B2 JP 2000270685 A JP2000270685 A JP 2000270685A JP 2000270685 A JP2000270685 A JP 2000270685A JP 3565151 B2 JP3565151 B2 JP 3565151B2
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Prior art keywords
steam
bag
steam generator
water vapor
generating composition
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JP2002078728A (en
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徹 吉原
浩司 味村
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Priority to EP01109328A priority patent/EP1147752B1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/02Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
    • A61F7/03Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling thermophore, i.e. self-heating, e.g. using a chemical reaction
    • A61F7/032Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling thermophore, i.e. self-heating, e.g. using a chemical reaction using oxygen from the air, e.g. pocket-stoves
    • A61F7/034Flameless
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F2007/0059Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with an open fluid circuit
    • A61F2007/006Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with an open fluid circuit of gas
    • A61F2007/0062Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with an open fluid circuit of gas the gas being steam or water vapour

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、皮膚又は粘膜を含めて任意の対象物に簡便にかつ安全に水蒸気を供給することのできる水蒸気発生体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、皮膚に適度に加熱された水蒸気を供給し、それにより皮膚の血行を促進させ、また、皮膚を好ましい保湿状態に維持あるいは改善するため、スチーム美顔器、蒸しタオル等が利用されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、スチーム美顔器や蒸しタオルは任意の場所で随時利用できるとは限らない。また、スチーム美顔器は、顔以外の身体の任意の部位に利用することが困難である。さらに、蒸しタオルは、十分な蒸気を供給できる維持時間が短いという問題もある。
【0004】
水蒸気の供給方法としては、電気ヒーターや超音波を使用して水蒸気を発生させる手法がある。しかし、これらの方法も任意の場所で利用できるとは限らない。また、酸とアルカリの中和熱、無機塩の水和熱、鉄粉のような金属粉の酸化熱等の化学エネルギーを利用する方法もあるが、これらを単に利用しても、発生する水蒸気の温度が制御されていないため、身体に直接適用するには安全性の面で問題がある。
【0005】
このような問題に対し、本発明者らは、皮膚又は粘膜に適用される水蒸気発生体であって、金属の酸化熱を利用した水蒸気発生組成物からなる水蒸気発生部を有し、皮膚又は粘膜への適用面が透湿量4000g/m/24h以上の透湿性シートからなり、その適用面からの水蒸気放出量が0.01mg/cm/min以上であり、放出される水蒸気温度が50℃以下に制御されている水蒸気発生体を提案した(特許3049707号)。
【0006】
しかしながら、特許3049707号の水蒸気発生体は、シートの透湿度を高くすると、水蒸気発生組成物中に含有されている微粒子粉体がシートを通して少量洩れ出すという問題を有していた。
【0007】
そこで本発明は、微粒子粉体の洩れがなく、任意の適用対象物あるいは任意の部位に安全に適用することのできる水蒸気発生体を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、微粒子粉体の洩れのない水蒸気発生体について、鋭意検討した結果、金属の酸化熱を利用した水蒸気発生組成物を収容する袋体の構成素材として、特定の透湿度と透気度を有するシートを使用すると、水蒸気を十分な量で、かつ粉洩れなく供給できることを見出した。
【0009】
即ち、本発明は、金属粉、塩類及び水を含有し、金属粉の酸化に伴って水蒸気を放出する水蒸気発生組成物が袋体に収容されており、該袋体が、JIS Z0208法で規定される透湿度が1000g/m2/24h以上10000g/m2/24h以下かつJIS P8117法で規定される透気度が2〜100秒/100c 3 透湿性シートからなる水蒸気発生体を提供する。
【0010】
特に、好ましい態様として、水蒸気発生体から放出される水蒸気の温度が50℃以下に制御されているものを提供する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0012】
本発明の水蒸気発生体は、任意の対象物に適用することができ、特に、皮膚又は粘膜に好ましく適用できるものである。ここで、水蒸気発生体を皮膚又は粘膜に適用するとは、例えば、水蒸気発生体を皮膚又は粘膜に貼付などにより接触させることをいう。また、本発明において水蒸気発生体から放出される水蒸気とは、水が気化して気体状になったもの及びその気体が凝結して微細な水滴になったものの双方を含む。
【0013】
本発明の水蒸気発生体は、金属粉、塩類及び水を含有し、金属粉の酸化に伴って水蒸気を放出する水蒸気発生組成物を使用する。この水蒸気発生組成物に使用する金属粉としては、経済性の点から、鉄粉が好ましい。鉄粉は、次式
【0014】
【化1】
Fe+(3/4)O+(3/2)HO→Fe(OH)+96kcal
のように発熱反応をおこし、系内の水を水蒸気として放出する。
【0015】
鉄粉としては、具体的には、鋳鉄粉、還元鉄粉、電気分解鉄粉、スクラップ鉄粉等をあげることができ、中でも還元鉄粉が好ましい。また、水蒸気発生組成物の酸化反応を効率的に行うため、鉄粉としては、比表面積が400g/m以上の鉄粉を50重量%以上含んでいるものが好ましい。水蒸気発生組成物における鉄粉の配合割合は、20〜80重量%が好ましく、30〜60重量%がより好ましい。
【0016】
水蒸気発生組成物に使用する金属粉としては、鉄粉の他に、アルミニウム、亜鉛、銅等の金属粉も使用することができる。
【0017】
水蒸気発生組成物に含有させる塩類としては、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム等をあげることができる。
また、水蒸気発生組成物には、保水剤(バーミキュライト、ケイ酸カルシウム、シリカゲル、シリカ系多孔質物質、アルミナ、パルプ、木粉、吸水性ポリマー等)や、反応促進剤(活性炭、カーボンブラック、黒鉛等)などの種々の成分を含有させることができる。
【0018】
なお、本発明で使用する水蒸気発生組成物は、一般に化学カイロと称されている発熱体で利用されている組成物と同様のものである。しかしながら、化学カイロは基本的に温熱具として構成されているので、適度な通気性を有し、かつ、反応に必要な水が発熱体から逃げないように留意されている。そのため、化学カイロの発熱体を収容する袋は、通気性素材で構成されるが、積極的に透湿性素材で構成することはなされていない。例えば、特開平1−250252号公報では、シートの透湿量として、ASTM法(E−96−80D法)で100〜400g/m/24h(JIS Z0208法で200〜800g/m/24h)のシートが用いられている。また、特許第2136200号では、通気量0.1〜0.8×10−4cm/cm/sec/Torr(JIS P8117法で15000〜30000秒/100cm)の通気性シートが使用され、特開平2−149272号公報では、JIS法で5000〜10000秒/100cmの通気性シートが使用されている。
【0019】
これに対し、本発明では水蒸気発生組成物を水蒸気発生源として積極的に利用するため、水蒸気発生組成物を収容する袋体を、特定の透湿度と透気度を有する透湿性シートを用いて構成する。このため、本発明は、化学カイロにおける同様の組成物の利用方法とは大きく異なる。
【0020】
また、上述の組成物の発熱反応時に水蒸気が系外に放出されること自体は公知であり、その水蒸気発生効果と加温効果とを利用した毛髪カール用発熱体(特開昭62−172907号)が知られている。しかしながら、上述の組成物の発熱反応時に放出される水蒸気温度は、その組成物への通気量を制御せず、大気中に開放又はそれに近い状態にすると60℃以上となる。適用する対象が毛髪である場合には、60℃以上の水蒸気は問題とならないが、皮膚や粘膜の場合には、60℃以上の水蒸気が持続的に供給されると傷害をおこすおそれがある。そこで、本発明においては、水蒸気発生体を皮膚又は粘膜に適用する場合には、水蒸気発生体から放出される水蒸気の温度を、50℃以下に温度制御する。
【0021】
本発明において、水蒸気発生体から放出される水蒸気温度を50℃以下に制御するにあたり、その温度測定は、JIS S4100使い捨てカイロの温度測定法に準じる。
【0022】
温度制御の一つの態様としては、水蒸気発生組成物を収容した袋体上に温度調節材を設け、水蒸気発生組成物から放出された水蒸気が温度調節材を透過することにより水蒸気温度が下がるようにする。
【0023】
温度調節材の構成素材としては、(1)織布、不織布、(2)紙、合成紙等の紙類、(3)プラスチック、天然ゴム、再生ゴム又は合成ゴムから形成した多孔性フィルム又は多孔性シート、(4)穿孔を有するウレタンフォーム等の発泡プラスチック、及び(5)穿孔を有するアルミ箔等の金属箔を、単独で、あるいは適宜組み合わせて使用することができる。
【0024】
温度調節材を用いて温度制御する場合、温度調節材が水蒸気の通過抵抗にもなることから、温度調節材の種類や厚みの選択等は、温度調節材も含めた水蒸気発生体表面から所定量の水蒸気が放出されるように行う。
【0025】
温度制御の他の態様としては、水蒸気発生組成物を収容した袋体と任意の適用対象物(例えば、皮膚又は粘膜)の適用部位との間に空隙を設けてもよい。このような空隙は、水蒸気発生組成物を収容した袋体と、皮膚又は粘膜等の適用部位との距離が5mm以上となるようにすることが好ましい。この距離が5mm未満の場合には、温度制御が不十分で火傷を引き起こす恐れがある。
【0026】
このような空隙は、水蒸気発生体の外面のうち、少なくとも、水蒸気発生体の皮膚又は粘膜等への適用面を保型性のよいプラスチック成形体等で構成すればよい。
【0027】
この他、温度制御の態様としては、袋体の一面を透湿性シートで構成し、他面を、酸素を透過できる微細な細孔を有するシートで構成する方法、水蒸気発生体の皮膚又は粘膜に適用する面の最も外側に多量の水を保持したパップ層を設け、その水の熱容量で温度を制御する方法などをあげることができる。前者の場合、シートとしては、JIS P8117法で規定する透気度が、3000〜40000秒/100cmのものが好ましい。また、後者のパップ層としては、水溶性高分子の架橋剤による水性ゲルからなるパップ層を用いることが好ましい。
【0028】
水蒸気発生組成物の量や、水蒸気発生組成物を構成する粒体の粒径等を適宜変えることにより反応速度を調整し、これにより水蒸気発生体表面から放出される水蒸気温度を制御してもよい。水蒸気発生組成物の充填密度としては、水蒸気発生体の使用目的や適用部位等によるが、1cmあたり0.05g〜5gが好ましく、0.15〜2gとすることがより好ましい。充填密度が低過ぎると水蒸気発生組成物が発熱しても外気で冷却され、水蒸気が十分に放出されなくなる。反対に充填密度が高過ぎると、水蒸気発生組成物への酸素の供給が非効率的になり、酸化反応が十分に進行しなくなる。
【0029】
袋体における水蒸気発生組成物の好ましい充填率は、水蒸気発生組成物を収容した袋体の形状が球状、楕円体等の幾何学的形状の場合、水蒸気発生組成物を満量詰めた場合を1として、0.2〜0.95が好ましく、0.3〜0.8がより好ましい。充填率が低過ぎると水蒸気がほとんど放出されず、反対に高過ぎると酸化反応が十分に進行しなくなる。
【0030】
本発明においては、皮膚や粘膜を適用対象物とする場合の水蒸気供給効果の点から、水蒸気発生体の皮膚又は粘膜への適用面から放出される水蒸気量を0.01mg/cm・min以上、特に、0.5mg/cm・min以上とすることが好ましい。なお、この水蒸気放出量は、室温環境(20℃、65%RH)下で水蒸気発生体を外気遮断容器から取り出し、直ちに1mgの単位まで測定可能な上皿天秤に載せ、その後15分間重量測定を行った場合において、測定開始時の重量をWt(g)とし、15分後の重量をWt15(g)とし、水蒸気発生体表面の皮膚又は粘膜に適用する部分の表面積をS(cm)としたときに、以下の式(1)により算出されるものである。
【0031】
【数1】

Figure 0003565151
【0032】
また、本発明においては、水蒸気発生組成物を収容する袋体に使用するシートについて、JIS Z0208法で規定される、温度40℃、相対湿度90%での透湿度を1000g/m/24h以上10000g/m/24h以下とし、JIS P8117法で規定される透気度を200秒/100cm以下とする。好ましくは透湿度を4000〜8000g/m/24hとし、透気度を好ましくは1〜200秒/100cm、より好ましくは2〜100秒/100cm、さらに好ましくは30〜70秒/100cmとする。透湿度が1000g/m/24h未満であると十分な水蒸気量を得られない。反対に、透湿度が10000g/m/24hを超えると水蒸気発生組成物から微粒子粉体が漏れるおそれが生じる。また、透気度が200秒/100cmを超えると、水蒸気発生組成物から放出された水蒸気がシートを透過する速度が遅く、水蒸気発生組成物を収容した袋体が膨れてしまい、実用上支障をきたす場合がある。これに対し、透湿度及び透気度を上述の範囲とすることにより、微粒子粉体の漏れや、袋体の膨れを生じさせることなく、水蒸気発生体表面からの水蒸気放出量を0.01mg/cm・min以上、特に、0.5mg/cm・min以上とすることができる。
【0033】
このような透湿度及び透気度を有するシートの構成素材自体には、特に制限はなく、例えば、ナイロン、ビニロン、ポリエステル、レーヨン、アセテート、アクリル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル等の人工繊維、パルプ、綿、麻、絹、獣毛等の天然繊維から選ばれた1種又は2種以上を混合した織布、不織布、紙、合成紙等があげられる。また、非通気性フィルム又はシート(例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリウレタン、ポリスチレン、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、天然ゴム、再生ゴム、合成ゴム等)に微孔を設けたものも使用できる。いずれの素材からなるシートを使用する場合でも、シートの細孔径の大きさ、細孔径の密度、目付等を適宜調整することにより、透湿度及び透気度が前述の範囲になるようにする。
【0034】
水蒸気発生組成物を収容する袋体は、少なくとも一部が上述の透湿度及び透気度を有するシートから構成されていればよく、必ずしも袋体の全面が上述の透湿度及び透気度を有するシートから構成されていなくてもよい。例えば、対向する2面からなる袋体において、その一面を上述の透湿度及び透気度を有するシートから構成し、他面を非透湿性素材から構成してもよい。これにより、水蒸気発生組成物から放出された水蒸気の発散を防止し、水蒸気を所定の方向に効率よく導くことができる。また、袋体の全面を上述の透湿度及び透気度を有するシートから構成した場合に、水蒸気の放出方向を方向づけるために、袋体の一面に非透湿性シートを重ねてもよい。
【0035】
本発明の水蒸気発生体には、必要に応じ、化粧料又は薬剤の含有層を、化粧料や薬剤の物性や使用目的に応じて、適宜設けることができる。例えば、皮膚又は粘膜から生体中に吸収させる化粧料や薬剤については、水蒸気発生体の皮膚又は粘膜への適用面に湿布やプラスター層を形成し、そこに含有させることが好ましい。また、揮発性が高い薬剤や化粧料については、皮膚又は粘膜への適用面と反対側の面にそれらを含有する層を設けたり、あるいは、水蒸気発生組成物中に含有させてもよい。
【0036】
化粧料や薬剤の具体例としては、酸性ムコポリサッカライド、ビタミンE、ニコチン酸誘導体、アルカロイド化合物等の血行促進剤;
アントシアニン、ビタミンP、コンコリット酸等のむくみ改善剤;
アミノフィリン、イノシット等のスリム化剤;
インドメタシン、ジクロフェナック、ケトプロフェン、dl−カンフル、サリチル酸メチル等の鎮痛剤;
グリセリン等のポリオール類;
セラミド、コラーゲン等の保湿剤;
パパイン等のプロテアーゼからなるピーリング剤;
チオグリコール酸カルシウム等の除毛剤;
γ−オリザノール等の自立神経調整剤;
アンジェリカ種子油、ペパーミント油、イランイラン油、コリアンダー油、サンダルウッド油、ユーカリ油、シダーウッド油、ジャスミン油、ジンジャー油、ティートリー油、パイン油、ニクズク油、パチュリー油、ベルガモット油、ベチバー油、パルマローザ油、マージョラム油、テレビン油、ローズウッド油、ローズマリー油、ラベンダー油、杉胚油等の精油類;
ゲラニオール油、メントール、シトラール、シトロネロール、シネオール、α−セドレン、セドロール、テルピネオール、テルピネン、ネロール、ネロリドール、パチュリーアルコール、ピネン、フェニルエチルアルコール、ベチベロール、ベンジルアセテート、ベンジルアルコール、ボルネオール、リナリルアセテート、リナロール、リモネン、ヒノキチオール等の香り成分;
アロエエキス、海藻エキス、カモミラエキス、センブリエキス、トウキエキス、マロニエエキス、メリッサエキス、ハマメリエキス、ユーカリエキス、ローズマリーエキス、アザミエキス等の植物エキス類;
デカミチルテトラシロキサン、デカメチルシクロペンタンシロキサン、オクタメチルトリシロキサン、オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン等のシリコーン類などが挙げられる。
【0037】
本発明の水蒸気発生体は、密封袋、密封容器等に保管され、そこから取り出して使用される。
【0038】
本発明の水蒸気発生体は、皮膚又は粘膜に水蒸気を供給することの他、種々の用途に使用することができる。
【0039】
【実施例】
実施例1〜6、比較例1〜3
表1の組成の水蒸気発生組成物を調製した。一方、表2に示す透湿度(JIS Z0208法(40℃、相対湿度90%))及び透気度(JIS P8117法)を有する試作シートを用いて、8×8cmの袋体を作製し、これに上述の水蒸気発生組成物を10g収容した。なお、実施例3および4は、皮膚又は粘膜への適用面の透気度が100秒/cm を超える参考例に相当する。
【0040】
【表1】
Figure 0003565151
【0041】
【表2】
Figure 0003565151
【0042】
評価
実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜3で得られた水蒸気発生体について、以下の(1)〜(3)の評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
【0043】
(1) 粉洩れ試験
水蒸気発生体を使用後、手のひらで軽くパッティングを行い、シートを通して漏れ出てくる粉体の有無を顕微鏡で観察し、次の基準により評価した。
○:粉体の漏れが認められない場合
×:粉体の漏れが認められる場合
【0044】
(2) 発熱中の水蒸気発生体の袋の膨れの有無を目視にて観察し、次の基準により評価した。
○:膨れが認められない場合
△:膨れはややあるが、実用上問題ない場合
△:膨れが顕著で実用上使用できない場合
【0045】
(3) 水蒸気放出量
前述の式(1)で求められる水蒸気放出量を求めた。
【0046】
【表3】
Figure 0003565151
【0047】
表3の結果から、実施例1〜6の水蒸気発生体は、粉漏れが無く、実用上問題になる膨れもなく、水蒸気を十分に放出するので、任意の部位に適用できることがわかる。これに対し、透湿度が10000g/m/24hを超える比較例1は粉洩れを起こすこと、透気度が200秒/100cmを超える比較例2の透湿性シートは袋体が膨れること、透湿度は1000g/m/24hより低いが透気度が200を超える比較例3は、粉洩れも袋体の膨れも生じないが、水蒸気放出量が低いことがわかる。
【0048】
実施例7
一面に透湿度7800g/m/24h、透気度36秒/100cmの透湿性シートを使用し、他面に非透湿性シート(日東電工社製、ニトタック)を使用して1辺3cmの正方形の袋体を2個作製し、実施例1と同様の水蒸気発生組成物3gを充填した。
【0049】
図1に示すように、水蒸気発生組成物1を充填した袋体2の2個を、透湿性シート面2aを上に向け、非透湿性シート面2bを支持体としての不織布3a(チッソ社製、エアレード、坪量24g/m)に両目の間隔をあけて並べて接着固定し、透湿性シート面2a上に温度調節材3(1層の紙3b(クレシア社製、キムタオル)、2層の不織布3a(チッソ社製、エアレード、坪量24g/m)、1層の紙3b、2層の不織布3a)を設け、全体をアイマスク形状に作製した透湿性不織布からなる外袋4(三井化学社製、シンテックスMB)に収容し、アイマスク形状の水蒸気発生体10Aを作製し、さらにその外側全体を気密性袋5(旭化成ポリフレックス社製、飛竜)で密封した。
【0050】
この水蒸気発生体10Aを気密性袋5から取り出すと、その後60秒で温度40〜42℃の水蒸気を10分間放出した。その間、袋体2の膨れはなかった。また、水蒸気放出が終了した後、透湿性不織布からなる外袋4の表面には、粉体の付着は認められなかった。
【0051】
実施例2
表4の組成の水蒸気発生組成物を調製した。
【0052】
【表4】
Figure 0003565151
【0053】
また、透湿度(JIS Z0208法(40℃、相対湿度90%))8200g/m/24h及び透気度(JIS P8117法)25秒/100cmを有するシートを用いて、8×8cmの袋体を作製し、これに上述の水蒸気発生組成物を25g収容し、気密性袋に密封した。
【0054】
一方、図2に示すように、半球状の断面を有するポリプロピレン製のマスク成型品7と、その両端に取り付けられた耳掛け用ゴム8からなるマスク本体を作製した。
【0055】
気密性袋から、上述の水蒸気発生組成物1を充填した袋体2を取り出し、直ちにマスク成型品7の内面に押し込むことによって固定し、マスク様水蒸気発生体10Bを得た。マスク様水蒸気発生体10Bは、装着時に顔面と袋体2の表面との間に約3cmの距離があった。
【0056】
このマスク様水蒸気発生体10Bは、袋体2を気密性袋5から取り出した後60秒で温度40〜45℃の水蒸気を10分間放出した。その間、袋体2の膨れはなかった。また、水蒸気放出が終了した後、袋体2の表面には、粉体の付着は認められなかった。
【0057】
【発明の効果】
本発明の水蒸気発生体は、十分な量の水蒸気を放出するにもかかわらず、粒子粉体の洩れがなく、任意の適用対象物あるいは任意の部位に安全に適用することができる。
【0058】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】水蒸気発生体の平面図(同図(a))及び断面図(同図(b))である。
【図2】水蒸気発生体の平面図(同図(a))及び断面図(同図(b))である。
【符号の説明】
1 水蒸気発生組成物
2 袋体
2a 透湿性シート面
2b 非透湿性シート面
3 温度調節材
3a 不織布
3b 紙
4 透湿性不織布からなる外袋
5 気密性袋
7 マスク成型品
8 耳掛け用ゴム
10A、10B 水蒸気発生体[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a steam generator that can easily and safely supply steam to any object including skin or mucous membrane.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a steam facial device, a steamed towel, and the like have been used to supply appropriately heated steam to the skin, thereby promoting blood circulation of the skin, and maintaining or improving the skin in a preferable moisturizing state. .
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, steam facial equipment and steamed towels are not always available at any place. Further, it is difficult to use the steam facial device for any part of the body other than the face. Further, the steamed towel has a problem that the maintenance time for supplying sufficient steam is short.
[0004]
As a method for supplying steam, there is a method of generating steam using an electric heater or ultrasonic waves. However, these methods are not always available anywhere. There are also methods that utilize chemical energy such as the heat of neutralization of acids and alkalis, the heat of hydration of inorganic salts, and the heat of oxidation of metal powders such as iron powder. Because of the uncontrolled temperature, there are safety issues when applied directly to the body.
[0005]
In order to solve such a problem, the present inventors are a steam generator applied to the skin or mucous membrane, and have a steam generating portion composed of a steam generating composition using heat of oxidation of metal, application surface to become the moisture permeation amount 4000g / m 2 / 24h or more moisture vapor permeable sheet is a water vapor emissions from the application surface 0.01mg / cm 2 / min or more, the steam temperature to be released 50 A steam generator controlled at a temperature of not more than ℃ has been proposed (Japanese Patent No. 3049707).
[0006]
However, the steam generator of Japanese Patent No. 3049707 has a problem that when the moisture permeability of the sheet is increased, a small amount of the fine particle powder contained in the steam generating composition leaks through the sheet.
[0007]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a steam generator that does not leak fine particle powder and can be safely applied to any application target or any site.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a steam generator having no leakage of fine particle powder, and as a result, as a constituent material of a bag containing a steam generating composition using heat of oxidation of metal, a specific moisture permeability and a specific permeability are used. It has been found that when a sheet having a porosity is used, a sufficient amount of water vapor can be supplied without leakage.
[0009]
That is, in the present invention, a steam generating composition containing metal powder, salts and water and releasing water vapor as the metal powder is oxidized is contained in a bag, and the bag is defined by JIS Z0208. moisture permeability 1000g / m 2 / 24h or more 10000g / m 2 / 24h or less to be, and the steam generator comprising a moisture vapor permeable sheet of air permeability 2-100 sec / 100c m 3 defined by JIS P8117 method provide.
[0010]
In particular, as a preferred embodiment, one in which the temperature of steam released from the steam generator is controlled to 50 ° C. or lower is provided.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0012]
The steam generator of the present invention can be applied to any object, and in particular, can be preferably applied to skin or mucous membranes. Here, applying the steam generator to the skin or mucous membrane means, for example, bringing the steam generator into contact with the skin or mucous membrane by sticking or the like. In the present invention, the water vapor released from the water vapor generator includes both water vaporized into a gaseous state and gaseous water condensed into fine water droplets.
[0013]
The steam generator of the present invention uses a steam generating composition that contains metal powder, salts and water, and that releases steam as the metal powder is oxidized. As the metal powder used in the steam generating composition, iron powder is preferable from the viewpoint of economy. The iron powder has the following formula:
Embedded image
Fe + (3/4) O 2 + (3/2) H 2 O → Fe (OH) 3 +96 kcal
An exothermic reaction is caused as described above, and water in the system is released as steam.
[0015]
Specific examples of the iron powder include cast iron powder, reduced iron powder, electrolytic iron powder, scrap iron powder, and the like. Of these, reduced iron powder is preferable. In order to efficiently perform the oxidation reaction of the steam generating composition, the iron powder preferably contains iron powder having a specific surface area of 400 g / m 2 or more by 50% by weight or more. The mixing ratio of iron powder in the steam generating composition is preferably from 20 to 80% by weight, and more preferably from 30 to 60% by weight.
[0016]
As the metal powder used in the steam generating composition, metal powder such as aluminum, zinc, and copper can be used in addition to iron powder.
[0017]
Salts contained in the steam generating composition include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and the like.
In addition, the water vapor generating composition includes a water retention agent (vermiculite, calcium silicate, silica gel, silica-based porous material, alumina, pulp, wood powder, water-absorbing polymer, etc.) and a reaction accelerator (activated carbon, carbon black, graphite) Etc.) can be contained.
[0018]
The steam generating composition used in the present invention is the same as the composition used for a heating element generally called a chemical body warmer. However, since the chemical body warmer is basically configured as a heating tool, it is noted that it has appropriate air permeability and that water required for the reaction does not escape from the heating element. For this reason, the bag containing the heating element of the chemical body warmer is made of a breathable material, but is not actively made of a moisture permeable material. For example, Japanese Laid-1-250252 discloses as a moisture permeation amount of sheet, 200 to 800 g by ASTM Method (E-96-80D method) in 100~400g / m 2 / 24h (JIS Z0208 Method / m 2 / 24h ) Sheet is used. In Japanese Patent No. 2136200, a breathable sheet having an air permeability of 0.1 to 0.8 × 10 −4 cm 3 / cm 2 / sec / Torr (15,000 to 30,000 seconds / 100 cm 3 according to JIS P8117) is used. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-149272, a breathable sheet of 5,000 to 10,000 seconds / 100 cm 3 is used according to the JIS method.
[0019]
On the other hand, in the present invention, in order to positively use the steam generating composition as a steam generating source, a bag containing the steam generating composition is formed using a moisture permeable sheet having a specific moisture permeability and air permeability. Constitute. Thus, the present invention differs significantly from the use of similar compositions in chemical warmers.
[0020]
It is also known that water vapor is released out of the system during the exothermic reaction of the above-mentioned composition, and a heating element for hair curl utilizing the water vapor generation effect and the heating effect (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-172907). )It has been known. However, the temperature of water vapor released during the exothermic reaction of the above composition becomes 60 ° C. or higher when the composition is opened to the atmosphere or close to it without controlling the amount of air flowing into the composition. When the target to be applied is hair, water vapor at 60 ° C. or higher is not a problem. However, when the water vapor at 60 ° C. or higher is continuously supplied, there is a risk of injury. Therefore, in the present invention, when the steam generator is applied to the skin or mucous membrane, the temperature of the steam released from the steam generator is controlled to 50 ° C. or less.
[0021]
In the present invention, in controlling the temperature of the steam released from the steam generator to 50 ° C. or lower, the temperature measurement conforms to the temperature measurement method of JIS S4100 disposable body warmer.
[0022]
As one embodiment of the temperature control, a temperature adjusting material is provided on a bag containing the steam generating composition, and the steam released from the steam generating composition is transmitted through the temperature adjusting material so that the steam temperature decreases. I do.
[0023]
The constituent materials of the temperature control material include (1) woven fabric, non-woven fabric, (2) paper such as paper and synthetic paper, and (3) porous film or porous film formed from plastic, natural rubber, recycled rubber or synthetic rubber. A flexible sheet, (4) foamed plastic such as urethane foam having perforations, and (5) metal foil such as aluminum foil having perforations can be used alone or in appropriate combination.
[0024]
When temperature control is performed using a temperature control material, since the temperature control material also serves as a resistance to the passage of water vapor, the type and thickness of the temperature control material must be selected from the surface of the steam generator including the temperature control material by a predetermined amount. Is performed so that the water vapor of the water is released.
[0025]
As another embodiment of the temperature control, a gap may be provided between the bag containing the steam generating composition and the application site of an arbitrary application target (for example, skin or mucous membrane). It is preferable that the distance between the bag containing the steam generating composition and the application site such as skin or mucous membrane is 5 mm or more. If this distance is less than 5 mm, the temperature control may be insufficient and burns may occur.
[0026]
Such a void may be formed of a plastic molded body or the like having a good shape-retaining property at least on the outer surface of the steam generator, which is applied to the skin or mucous membrane of the steam generator.
[0027]
In addition, as a mode of temperature control, a method in which one surface is formed of a moisture-permeable sheet and the other surface is formed of a sheet having fine pores that can transmit oxygen, A method of providing a pup layer holding a large amount of water on the outermost side of the surface to be applied, and controlling the temperature by the heat capacity of the water can be given. In the former case, the sheet preferably has an air permeability defined by JIS P8117 method of 3000 to 40,000 seconds / 100 cm 3 . Further, as the latter pulp layer, it is preferable to use a pulp layer composed of an aqueous gel with a crosslinking agent of a water-soluble polymer.
[0028]
The reaction rate may be adjusted by appropriately changing the amount of the steam generating composition, the particle size of the granules constituting the steam generating composition, and the like, thereby controlling the temperature of the steam released from the steam generator surface. . The packing density of the steam generating composition is preferably 0.05 g to 5 g per 1 cm 2 , more preferably 0.15 to 2 g, depending on the purpose of use of the steam generating body and the application site. If the packing density is too low, even if the steam generating composition generates heat, it is cooled by the outside air and the steam is not sufficiently released. Conversely, if the packing density is too high, the supply of oxygen to the steam generating composition becomes inefficient, and the oxidation reaction does not proceed sufficiently.
[0029]
The preferable filling rate of the steam generating composition in the bag is 1 when the shape of the bag containing the steam generating composition is a geometric shape such as a sphere or an ellipsoid, and 1 when the steam generating composition is fully packed. Is preferably from 0.2 to 0.95, more preferably from 0.3 to 0.8. If the filling rate is too low, almost no water vapor is released, while if it is too high, the oxidation reaction does not proceed sufficiently.
[0030]
In the present invention, the amount of water vapor released from the surface where the water vapor generator is applied to the skin or mucous membrane is 0.01 mg / cm 2 min or more from the viewpoint of the water vapor supply effect when the skin or mucous membrane is used as an object to be applied. In particular, the concentration is preferably 0.5 mg / cm 2 · min or more. The amount of water vapor released was determined by taking out the water vapor generator from the outside air shut-off container in a room temperature environment (20 ° C., 65% RH), immediately placing it on a fine balance capable of measuring 1 mg, and then weighing for 15 minutes. When the measurement was performed, the weight at the start of the measurement was Wt 0 (g), the weight after 15 minutes was Wt 15 (g), and the surface area of the surface of the steam generator applied to the skin or mucous membrane was S (cm 2). ) Is calculated by the following equation (1).
[0031]
(Equation 1)
Figure 0003565151
[0032]
In the present invention, the sheet used in the bag member for accommodating the steam-generating composition, as defined by JIS Z0208 method, temperature 40 ° C., the moisture permeability at a relative humidity of 90% 1000g / m 2 / 24h or more not more than 10000g / m 2 / 24h, the air permeability defined by JIS P8117 method and 200 sec / 100 cm 3 or less. Preferably the moisture permeability and 4000~8000g / m 2 / 24h, preferably air permeability 1-200 sec / 100 cm 3, more preferably 2 to 100 sec / 100 cm 3, more preferably 30 to 70 sec / 100 cm 3 And Moisture permeability can not be obtained a sufficient amount of water vapor is less than 1000g / m 2 / 24h. Conversely, if the moisture permeability exceeds 10,000 g / m 2 / 24h, there is a risk that the fine particle powder leaks from the steam generating composition. On the other hand, if the air permeability exceeds 200 seconds / 100 cm 3 , the speed at which the water vapor released from the water vapor generating composition permeates the sheet is low, and the bag containing the water vapor generating composition swells, which hinders practical use. May be caused. On the other hand, when the moisture permeability and the air permeability are in the above ranges, the amount of water vapor released from the surface of the water vapor generator can be reduced to 0.01 mg / min without causing leakage of the fine particle powder and swelling of the bag. cm 2 · min or more, especially 0.5 mg / cm 2 · min or more.
[0033]
The constituent material itself of the sheet having such moisture permeability and air permeability is not particularly limited, for example, artificial fibers such as nylon, vinylon, polyester, rayon, acetate, acryl, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. Woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, papers, synthetic papers, etc. obtained by mixing one or more kinds selected from natural fibers such as pulp, cotton, hemp, silk, animal hair and the like. Further, non-breathable films or sheets (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyurethane, polystyrene, saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, natural Rubber, recycled rubber, synthetic rubber, etc.) having micropores can also be used. When using a sheet made of any material, the moisture permeability and the air permeability are adjusted to the above-mentioned ranges by appropriately adjusting the size of the pore diameter, the density of the pore diameter, and the basis weight of the sheet.
[0034]
The bag housing the steam generating composition may have at least a part of a sheet having the above-described moisture permeability and air permeability, and the entire surface of the bag necessarily has the above-described moisture permeability and air permeability. It does not have to be composed of sheets. For example, in a bag body having two opposing surfaces, one surface may be made of a sheet having the above-described moisture permeability and air permeability, and the other surface may be made of a non-moisture-permeable material. Thereby, the divergence of the steam released from the steam generating composition can be prevented, and the steam can be efficiently guided in a predetermined direction. Further, when the entire surface of the bag is made of a sheet having the above-described moisture permeability and air permeability, a non-moisture permeable sheet may be stacked on one surface of the bag in order to direct the direction of water vapor release.
[0035]
In the steam generator of the present invention, if necessary, a layer containing a cosmetic or a drug can be appropriately provided according to the physical properties of the cosmetic or the drug or the purpose of use. For example, with regard to cosmetics and drugs that are absorbed into the living body from the skin or mucous membrane, it is preferable to form a compress or a plaster layer on the surface of the steam generator that is applied to the skin or mucous membrane, and to include it in it. For highly volatile drugs and cosmetics, a layer containing them may be provided on the surface opposite to the surface applied to the skin or mucous membrane, or may be contained in the steam generating composition.
[0036]
Specific examples of cosmetics and drugs include blood circulation promoters such as acidic mucopolysaccharide, vitamin E, nicotinic acid derivatives, and alkaloid compounds;
Swelling improving agents such as anthocyanins, vitamin P, concoritic acid;
Slimming agents such as aminophylline and inosit;
Analgesics such as indomethacin, diclofenac, ketoprofen, dl-camphor, methyl salicylate;
Polyols such as glycerin;
Humectants, such as ceramide and collagen;
A peeling agent comprising a protease such as papain;
Hair removers such as calcium thioglycolate;
autonomic neuromodulators such as γ-oryzanol;
Angelica seed oil, peppermint oil, ylang ylang oil, coriander oil, sandalwood oil, eucalyptus oil, cedarwood oil, jasmine oil, ginger oil, tea tree oil, pine oil, nutmeg oil, patchouli oil, bergamot oil, vetiver oil, palmarosa oil Essential oils such as, marjoram oil, turpentine oil, rosewood oil, rosemary oil, lavender oil, cedar germ oil;
Geraniol oil, menthol, citral, citronellol, cineol, α-cedren, cedrol, terpineol, terpinene, nerol, nerolidol, patchouli alcohol, pinene, phenylethyl alcohol, vetiverol, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, borneol, linalyl acetate, linalool, Scent components such as limonene and hinokitiol;
Plant extracts such as aloe extract, seaweed extract, chamomile extract, assembly extract, touki extract, maronee extract, melissa extract, hamameli extract, eucalyptus extract, rosemary extract, thistle extract;
Silicones such as decamityltetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentanesiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane are exemplified.
[0037]
The steam generator of the present invention is stored in a sealed bag, a sealed container, or the like, and is taken out therefrom and used.
[0038]
The steam generator of the present invention can be used for various purposes other than supplying steam to skin or mucous membranes.
[0039]
【Example】
Examples 1 to 6, Comparative Examples 1 to 3
A steam generating composition having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared. On the other hand, using a prototype sheet having the moisture permeability (JIS Z0208 method (40 ° C., relative humidity 90%)) and air permeability (JIS P8117 method) shown in Table 2, an 8 × 8 cm bag was prepared. 10 g of the above-mentioned steam generating composition. Examples 3 and 4 correspond to Reference Examples in which the air permeability of the surface applied to the skin or mucous membrane exceeds 100 seconds / cm 3 .
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003565151
[0041]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003565151
[0042]
With respect to the steam generators obtained in Evaluation Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the following evaluations (1) to (3) were performed. Table 3 shows the results.
[0043]
(1) Powder Leakage Test After using the steam generator, the pad was lightly put with a palm, and the presence or absence of powder leaking through the sheet was observed with a microscope, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
:: When no powder leakage is observed X: When powder leakage is observed
(2) The presence or absence of blisters of the bag of the steam generator during heat generation was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
:: no swelling is observed △: swelling is slight but no problem in practical use △: swelling is significant and cannot be used in practice [0045]
(3) Water vapor release amount The water vapor release amount obtained by the above equation (1) was determined.
[0046]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003565151
[0047]
From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that the steam generators of Examples 1 to 6 have no powder leakage, no swelling that causes a practical problem, and sufficiently release steam, so that they can be applied to any site. In contrast, Comparative Example moisture permeability exceeds 10000g / m 2 / 24h 1 is to cause leakage flour, moisture vapor permeable sheet of Comparative Example 2 air permeability exceeds 200 sec / 100 cm 3 is that the bag is bulging, moisture permeability Comparative example 3 is lower than 1000g / m 2 / 24h which air permeability is more than 200, but not caused blistering even leakage flour bag, it can be seen that a low water vapor emission.
[0048]
Example 7
Using a moisture-permeable sheet having a moisture permeability of 7800 g / m 2 / 24h and a gas permeability of 36 seconds / 100 cm 3 on one side, and using a non-moisture-permeable sheet (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, Nitotac) on the other side, and measuring 3 cm on a side Two square bags were prepared and filled with 3 g of the same steam generating composition as in Example 1.
[0049]
As shown in FIG. 1, two bags 2 filled with the steam generating composition 1 are placed on a nonwoven fabric 3a (manufactured by Chisso Corporation) with the moisture-permeable sheet surface 2a facing upward and the non-permeable sheet surface 2b as a support. , Airade, basis weight 24 g / m 2 ) with two eyes spaced apart and adhesively fixed, and a temperature control material 3 (one layer of paper 3 b (Crecia, Kim towel), two layers) on the moisture-permeable sheet surface 2 a. An outer bag 4 (Mitsui) made of a nonwoven fabric 3a (manufactured by Chisso Corp., aerade, basis weight 24 g / m 2 ), one layer of paper 3b, and two layers of nonwoven fabric 3a), and made of a moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric entirely made into an eye mask A steam generator 10A in the form of an eye mask was prepared in Syntex MB (manufactured by Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the entire outside thereof was sealed with an airtight bag 5 (Hiryu, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Polyflex).
[0050]
When the steam generator 10A was taken out of the airtight bag 5, steam at a temperature of 40 to 42 ° C. was released for 60 minutes in 60 seconds thereafter. During that time, the bag 2 did not swell. After the release of water vapor was completed, no powder adhered to the surface of the outer bag 4 made of the moisture-permeable nonwoven fabric.
[0051]
Example 2
A steam generating composition having the composition shown in Table 4 was prepared.
[0052]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003565151
[0053]
Further, the moisture permeability (JIS Z0208 Method (40 ° C., a relative humidity of 90%)) 8200g / m 2 / 24h and air permeability (JIS P8117 method) using a sheet having a 25 sec / 100cm 3, 8 × 8cm bags A body was prepared, and 25 g of the above-mentioned steam generating composition was stored in the body and sealed in an airtight bag.
[0054]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, a mask body made of a polypropylene mask molded product 7 having a hemispherical cross section and rubber ears 8 attached to both ends thereof was produced.
[0055]
The bag 2 filled with the above-described steam generating composition 1 was taken out of the airtight bag, and immediately fixed by being pushed into the inner surface of the molded mask 7 to obtain a mask-like steam generator 10B. The mask-like steam generator 10B had a distance of about 3 cm between the face and the surface of the bag 2 when worn.
[0056]
The mask-like steam generator 10B released steam having a temperature of 40 to 45 ° C. for 10 minutes 60 seconds after the bag 2 was taken out of the airtight bag 5. During that time, the bag 2 did not swell. After the release of the water vapor was completed, no powder adhered to the surface of the bag 2.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The steam generator of the present invention can safely be applied to any application object or any site without leaking the particle powder despite releasing a sufficient amount of water vapor.
[0058]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view (FIG. 1A) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. 1B) of a steam generator.
FIG. 2 is a plan view (FIG. 2A) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. 2B) of a steam generator.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steam generation composition 2 Bag 2a Moisture permeable sheet surface 2b Non-moisture permeable sheet surface 3 Temperature control material 3a Nonwoven fabric 3b Paper 4 Outer bag made of moisture permeable nonwoven fabric 5 Airtight bag 7 Mask molded product 8 Ear hanging rubber 10A 10B steam generator

Claims (3)

金属粉、塩類及び水を含有し、金属粉の酸化に伴って水蒸気を放出する水蒸気発生組成物が袋体に収容されており、該袋体が、JIS Z0208法で規定される透湿度が1000g/m2/24h以上10000g/m2/24h以下、かつJIS P8117法で規定される透気度が2〜100秒/100c 3 透湿性シートからなる水蒸気発生体。A bag containing a steam generating composition containing metal powder, salts and water and releasing water vapor as the metal powder is oxidized, wherein the bag has a water vapor transmission rate of 1000 g specified by JIS Z0208 method. / m 2 / 24h or more 10000g / m 2 / 24h or less, and a water vapor generator to the air permeability defined by JIS P8117 method comprises the breathable sheet 2-100 sec / 100c m 3. 皮膚又は粘膜に適用される水蒸気発生体であって、袋体の、皮膚又は粘膜への適用面が、透湿度1000g/m2/24h以上10000g/m2/24h以下、透気度2〜100秒/100c 3 透湿性シートからなる請求項1記載の水蒸気発生体。A steam generator to be applied to the skin or mucosa, of the bag, the application surface to the skin or mucous membranes, moisture permeability 1000g / m 2 / 24h or more 10000g / m 2 / 24h or less, air permeability 2-100 s / of 100c m 3 consisting of moisture-permeable sheet according to claim 1 steam generator according. 水蒸気発生体から放出される水蒸気が50℃以下に制御されている請求項1又は2記載の水蒸気発生体。3. The steam generator according to claim 1, wherein the steam released from the steam generator is controlled at 50 ° C. or lower.
JP2000270685A 2000-04-18 2000-09-06 Steam generator Expired - Lifetime JP3565151B2 (en)

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EP01109328A EP1147752B1 (en) 2000-04-18 2001-04-12 Steam generating unit, mask and eye pillow respectively containing the same, and use thereof
DE60108917T DE60108917T2 (en) 2000-04-18 2001-04-12 Steam generating device, mask or eye pads that incorporate it and use the same

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