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JP3564147B2 - Improvements in or related to organic formulations - Google Patents

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JP3564147B2
JP3564147B2 JP30120191A JP30120191A JP3564147B2 JP 3564147 B2 JP3564147 B2 JP 3564147B2 JP 30120191 A JP30120191 A JP 30120191A JP 30120191 A JP30120191 A JP 30120191A JP 3564147 B2 JP3564147 B2 JP 3564147B2
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formulation
fiber
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guar gum
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JPH04282316A (en
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ノーマン・エイ・グリーンバーグ
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ノバルテイス・ニユートリシヨン・インコーポレイテツド
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L29/00Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A23L29/231Pectin; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L29/00Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/206Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
    • A23L29/238Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from seeds, e.g. locust bean gum or guar gum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/20Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
    • A23L33/21Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

A nutritionally complete feeding composition containing hydrolysed soluble fiber, especially hydrolysed guar gum or hydrolysed pectin providing nourishment to colon cells, preventing bacterial sepsis and also preventing diarrhea.

Description

【0001】
本明細書は加水分解可溶性繊維を含む低粘度腸用、及び医療用食物、ならびに健康な大腸細胞の保持、及び細菌性敗血症の予防へのこれらの食物の利用に関する。
【0002】
完全栄養液体食物は経口的に、又は供給管を通して(腸内)患者にしばしば投与される。この種の食物の副作用として多いのは下痢であることが分かっていた。下痢は液体、及び/又は電解質の不均衡、及び栄養不良を引き起こす。さらにそれは不快、及び衛生の問題を起こし、医員の時間をかなり必要とし、その結果患者の世話にかかる経済性が増す。
【0003】
又、多くの重病患者が集中介護単位における死の主原因である細菌性敗血症にかかることがわかっていた。
【0004】
大豆多糖繊維を含む食物配合物が現在知られている。大豆多糖繊維は不溶性繊維であると思われる。最近の研究が下痢の予防におけるそのような配合物の効果につき疑問を提出した。例えばFrankenfield等、1989.”Soy−Polysaccharide Fibers:Effect on Diarrhea in Tube−fed,Head Injured Patients”Am.J.Clin.Nutr.50:533−538を参照せよ。ある可溶性の繊維、特にペクチンが下痢の治療、又は予防に提案されたが、これらの製品は技術的理由、例えば可溶性繊維を含む腸用配合物に必要な熱処理を行った後に生成物が非常に増粘するなどの理由で腸用配合物への適用は成功しなかった。
【0005】
【発明の説明】
他の点では栄養的に完全な液体食物配合物に加水分解可溶性繊維を補うと、食物配合物の低粘度性を保持しながら下痢を抑制し、細菌性敗血症及び腸萎縮を予防することができることを見いだした。従って本発明はそのような加水分解可溶性繊維を含む食物配合物、及び下痢、細菌性敗血症、及び腸萎縮の予防へのそのような食物配合物の利用に関する。
【0006】
明細書、及び特許請求の範囲を通じて使用する”完全栄養”という言葉は患者が長期間栄養不良にならずにその配合物のみを摂取することができる量の炭水化物、蛋白質、必須脂肪酸、ビタミン、及びミネラルを含む食物配合物を言う。配合物には水を加え、配合物を液体状とし、飲料に適する、又は管による供給装置を用いた使用に適するようにできる。別の場合は配合物は乾燥した形態であることができる。
【0007】
Sandoz Nutrition Corp.からRESOURCE、及びISOSOURCE(両者共液体配合物)、STRESSTEIN(乾燥製品)、NUTRODRIP及びIMPACTの商標で商品として入手できるものを含めて多くの食物配合物が周知であり、商品として入手できる。これらの配合物は典型的に炭水化物の形態でカロリーの約20−70%、蛋白質の形態でカロリーの13−30%、脂質(必須脂肪酸を含む)の形態でカロリーの20−50%、ならびにビタミン、ミネラル、及び任意に水、調味料、充填剤、結合剤、着色剤、被覆材料、又は他の栄養補給剤を与える。
【0008】
明細書、及び特許請求の範囲を通じて使用する”可溶性繊維”という言葉は、腸内で発酵することができ、短鎖の脂肪酸(SCFA)を製造することができる繊維を言う。可溶性繊維の例は:ペクチン、グア、及びアラビアゴムである。
【0009】
本発明に従い、加水分解可溶性繊維を食物配合物に加え、下痢、細菌性敗血症、及び腸萎縮を予防する配合物とすることができることを見いだした。加水分解可溶性繊維は食物配合物中の唯一の繊維であることもでき、すなわちそれまで繊維を含まなかった食物配合物に加えることもでき、又はそれまで食物配合物中に存在した繊維と置換することもできる。別の場合、加水分解可溶性繊維は非加水分解可溶性繊維、及び/又は食物配合物に存在する大豆多糖などの不溶性繊維に追加することもできる。
【0010】
加水分解可溶性繊維は、いなごまめゴム、キサンタンゴム、グアゴム、及びペクチンを含む多くの周知の可溶性繊維から誘導することができる。下記に示す多くの理由から、好ましい繊維は加水分解グアゴム、及び加水分解ペクチンであり;加水分解グアゴムが最も好ましい。本文で使用する加水分解可溶性繊維は従来の方法で、例えば化学的、又は酵素的に加水分解し、分子量を下げた可溶性繊維を言い、加水分解生成物は所望の1日量で投与する場合、管供給に適合している。
【0011】
腸用配合物の管適合性に関するひとつの主な要求は、加水分解可溶性繊維が生成物の粘度を実質的に約50cp以上に増加させてはならないことであり、粘度は25cp以下に保つのが好ましく、10−25cpに保つのがより好ましい。明細書、及び特許請求の範囲を通じて使用する”低粘度”という言葉は50cp以下の粘度、好ましくは25cpもの低粘度を意味する。
【0012】
腸用配合物(管供給)として使用するために、配合物は基本的に中性、すなわちpHが約7でなければならない。
【0013】
特に好ましい加水分解グアゴムはTaiyo Kagaku Co,Ltd.(日本)からSUNFIBERの商品名で商業的に入手できる。SUNFIBERはアスペルギルス ニゲル(Aspergillus niger)からのβ−マンナースを用いてグアゴムを加水分解することにより製造した精製加水分解グアゴムで、約75重量%の可溶性繊維を含む。加水分解の前、グアゴムの分子量は約200,000であり;加水分解後、それは20,000−30,000である。本発明に従い使用する場合、最終生成物の粘度が50cpを越えない限り加水分解グアゴムの分子量範囲は変えることができる。
【0014】
食物配合物に加える加水分解可溶性繊維の量は患者の必要に応じて、及び配合物を経口的に摂取するか又は腸から摂取するかに依存して変えることができる。従って配合物の繊維含有量は1日当たり摂取する予定量により変えることができる。一般に配合物中の加水分解可溶性繊維含有量は、患者が約10−60g/日の可溶性繊維を得る量が好ましく、約10−45g/日の可溶性繊維、例えば10−30g/日、特に20−30g/日の可溶性繊維を得る量がより好ましい。そのような液体配合物は1日当たり最高3000kcal、例えば1500−2500kcalを簡便に与える。それらには一般に配合物100ml当たり0.3−10グラム、好ましくは0.5−7.5グラム、より好ましくは0.6−3.0グラムの範囲の可溶性繊維が含まれる。
【0015】
液体食物のみで栄養を与えられた腸細胞が萎縮することは周知である。この萎縮は腸粘液バリヤーの崩壊として現れ、グラム陰性バクテリア、及び/又はこれらのバクテリアにより製造されるバクテリア性内毒素が患者の循環系に侵入し、ショックを起こさせる。腸細胞に、発酵により酪酸となることができる加水分解繊維の供給源を与えると腸細胞の健康、及び粘液バリヤーの完全な状態が保たれ、細菌性ショックの発生を減少させることを本発明に従って見いだした。さらに健康な腸細胞はミネラルを十分保持することができ、水を再吸収することができる。下記の実施例1に詳細に述べる通り、加水分解ペクチン、及び加水分解グアゴムは特に良い酪酸の供給源である。
【0016】
加水分解グアゴム、又は加水分解ペクチンなどの加水分解可溶性繊維の添加により認められる他の利点は下痢を抑制することができることである(治療、又は予防)。
【0017】
本発明を以下の実施例にてさらに説明するが、これは制限を加えるものではない。
【0018】
【実施例】
実施例1
繊維の発酵
種々の繊維を水中に懸濁させ、中性に緩衝する。通常腸内に見られる微生物の試料を加え、マノメーター中で37℃にて24時間発酵させる。得られたフラグメントを繊維1g当たりの酪酸の量に関して分析する。結果を下記に示す:
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003564147
上記からわかる通りペクチン、及びグアを加水分解すると、これらの繊維の酪酸への発酵が増加する。
【0020】
実施例2
可溶性繊維を含む経口補給物
以下の成分を用いて経口補給物を作る。
【0021】
【表2】
Figure 0003564147
Figure 0003564147
油を155−165Fに加熱する。140Fに加熱した脱イオン水に湿潤塩、及びゴム予備混合物を加える。次にマルトリン、糖、カゼイネート、及び大豆蛋白質を加える。その後可溶性繊維供給源を加える。可溶性繊維は加水分解グアゴム、又は前処理ペクチンであることができる(少なくとも0.85%,これは2,000カロリー当たり少なくとも15gに相当する)。pHを6.8に調節する。次にクエン酸カリウム、及びミネラル予備混合物を加え、温度を150Fに上げる。その後熱油を加え、165Fに加熱する。混合物を均質化する。ビタミン予備混合物、及び風味料を加え、全体を混合する。その後混合物を熱処理し、無菌で包装する。
【0022】
実施例3
不溶性繊維の可溶性繊維への置換
現在入手できる製品、FIBERSOURCEは不溶性繊維である大豆多糖を含む。加水分解グアゴムを使用して大豆多糖を置換する、又は大豆多糖の他に加えることができる。下記は大豆多糖を1−対−1で加水分解グアゴムに置換した例であるが、他の比率も使用することができる。大豆多糖を加水分解ペクチンで置換したい場合、別の乳化系が必要である。
【0023】
【表3】
Figure 0003564147
Figure 0003564147
実施例4
マウスにおける腸フロラ、腸組織、及び細菌の移行への食物中の可溶性、及び不溶性繊維の効果
1.バクテリアへの影響
4つの群のマウスに正常なマウス飼料、商業的に入手できる液体食物配合物(略字Liq)、2.5%大豆繊維を補った液体配合物(Liq+S)、又は2.5%SUNFIBERを補った液体配合物(Liq+G)のいずれかを与える。14日後、腸のバクテリアの種類、及び量を測定する。結果を下表4Aに示す。”Wt”は14日中の平均(n=24)体重増加である。バクテリアの欄の下の数字は1グラム当たりの腸バクテリアの平均(n=8)、及び標準偏差(log10)を示す。
【0024】
【表4】
Figure 0003564147
表は、液体食物、及び大豆繊維を補った液体食物が両方とも好気性、及び通性グラム陰性バクテリアの量を非常に増加させることを示す。グラム陰性バクテリアはそれら、又はそれらが生産する内毒素が血流に移行するとバクテリア性敗血症を起こすことができるバクテリアである。加水分解グアを補った液体食物では、統計的に重大な増加は観察されなかった。偏性嫌気性細菌数は液体+加水分解グアの場合に増加したが、これらのバクテリアは好気性グラム陰性バクテリアより”良性”であると思われる。
【0025】
2.バクテリアの移行
バクテリア、又はその内毒素が血流中に入った後に細菌性ショックが起こる。この過程の第1段階のひとつは腸バクテリアの腸間膜リンパ節(MLN)への移行である。液体食物はグラム陰性バクテリアの量を増加させる傾向があり、移行を防ぐために血粘液バリヤーを保持することが重要である。この移行に対する食物の影響を研究し、結果を下表4Bに示す。それぞれの群のマウスに飼料、Liq.、Liq+S、又はLiq+Gを上記の通りに14日間与えた。
【0026】
【表5】
Figure 0003564147
カイ2乗分析によると飼料を与えたマウスと、Liq,Liq+S,又はLiq+Gを与えたマウスの間に重大な差は示されない。
【0027】
従って上記の表に示す通り加水分解グア繊維の添加はバクテリアのMLNへの移行に悪影響を及ぼさない。
【0028】
3.内毒素リポ多糖処理(LPS)マウス中のバクテリアへの食物の影響
各群のマウスに前記の通り食物を与え、細菌性ショックに含まれる毒素である内毒素リポ多糖200μgを腹腔内注射により与えた。結果を下表4Cに示す。略字及び単位は表4Aと同様である。
【0029】
【表6】
Figure 0003564147
液体食物はいずれもLPS−処理マウスの腸フロラに悪影響を及ぼさないようであった。予想どおりすべての処理群に関して、腸のグラム陰性バクテリア(主に大腸菌)の数は腹腔内LPS処理に伴って増加した。
【0030】
4.LPS−処理マウスにおけるバクテリアのMLNへの移行
上文に記載の通りにマウスに食物を与え、上文に記載の通りにLPSで処理した。MLN中に見られるバクテリアの数を決定し、同定した。結果を下表4Dに示す。
【0031】
【表7】
Figure 0003564147
Figure 0003564147
Figure 0003564147
【0032】
Figure 0003564147
【0033】
飼料を与えたマウスと比較して、Liq+S及びLiq+Gはマウスの腸バクテリアの腸間膜リンパ節への移行の予防を強化する。飼料を与えたマウスと比較してLiqはバクテリアの移行をいくらか(P=0.08)増加させる。しかし大豆又は加水分解グア繊維を補うとバクテリアの移行を減少させるという有利な影響を与える。しかし大豆繊維を補った液体配合物は管供給に適さない。
【0034】
実施例5
無作為、二重盲検、交叉研究において、管供給配合物に加水分解可溶性繊維補足した場合の腸通過時間への影響を、12人の健康なボランティアにおいて調べた。試験食物は自己選択食物(SSD)、標準配合食物NUTRODRIP(SANDOZ Nutrition)、及び2重量%のSUNFIBER(21g/l)を補った同配合物であった。食物はボーラス法で、必要エネルギー供給量(1日当たり2000−2500Kcal)を満足する等カロリー量を投与した。口−盲嚢通過時間(OCT)をラクツロースH2呼吸試験により調べ、腸通過時間(CTT)を放射不透明マーカー法により調べた。大便頻度(SF)を同様に記録した。表5に示した結果は、加水分解可溶性繊維がOCTにあまり影響を与えずにCTTを延長し、下痢患者に腸から供給するのに有利であることを示す。1日のSFは違わないが、NUTRODRIPを用いるとSFが増加する傾向が見られ、SUNFIBERはこの効果の逆である。
【0035】
結果は以下である:
【0036】
【表8】
Figure 0003564147
本発明の主たる特徴及び態様は以下の通りである。
【0037】
1.完全栄養食物配合物において、食物配合物の1日の投薬量により1日当たり10−60グラムの加水分解可溶性繊維を得られる量の加水分解可溶性繊維を含むことを特徴とする配合物。
【0038】
2.第1項に記載の配合物において、液体配合物であることを特徴とする配合物。
【0039】
3.第2項に記載の配合物において、粘度が50cp以下であることを特徴とする配合物。
【0040】
4.第3項に記載の配合物において、粘度が25cp以下であることを特徴とする配合物。
【0041】
5.第1−4項に記載の配合物において、最高3000kcalのエネルギーを与える配合物体積中に10−45グラムの加水分解可溶性繊維を与えることを特徴とする配合物。
【0042】
6.第5項に記載の配合物において、1500−2500kcalのエネルギーを与える配合物体積中に10−45グラムの加水分解可溶性繊維を与えることを特徴とする配合物。
【0043】
7.第1−6項に記載の配合物において、可溶性繊維を加水分解グアゴム、及び加水分解ペクチンから成る群より選ぶことを特徴とする配合物。
【0044】
8.第7項に記載の配合物において、加水分解グアゴムを含むことを特徴とする配合物。
【0045】
9.第1−9項に記載の腸用配合物。
【0046】
10.第1−9項に記載の低粘度食物配合物において:
全カロリーの約20−70%を与える炭水化物;
全カロリーの約10−30%を与える蛋白質;
全カロリーの約20−50%を与える必須脂肪酸を含む脂質;
ビタミン;
ミネラル;
水;及び
加水分解可溶性繊維を含むことを特徴とする配合物。
【0047】
11.患者における細菌性敗血症を予防する方法において、請求項1に記載の食物配合物を患者に投与することから成ることを特徴とする方法。
【0048】
12.患者における腸萎縮を予防する方法において、請求項1に記載の食物配合物を患者に投与することから成ることを特徴とする方法。
【0049】
13.患者における下痢を治療、又は予防する方法において、請求項1に記載の食物配合物を患者に投与することから成ることを特徴とする方法。[0001]
The present specification relates to low-viscosity enteric and medical foods containing hydrolysable soluble fibers, and the use of these foods to retain healthy colon cells and prevent bacterial sepsis.
[0002]
Complete nutritional liquid food orally or through feeding tubes (enterally) are often administered to a patient. Diarrhea was found to be a common side effect of this type of food. Diarrhea causes fluid and / or electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition. In addition, it causes discomfort and hygiene problems, requires a significant amount of medical staff time, and increases the economics of caring for the patient.
[0003]
It has also been found that many severely ill patients suffer from bacterial sepsis, the leading cause of death in intensive care units.
[0004]
Food formulations containing soy polysaccharide fiber are now known. Soy polysaccharide fiber appears to be an insoluble fiber. Recent studies have questioned the effectiveness of such formulations in preventing diarrhea. See, for example, Frankenfield et al., 1989. "Soy-Polysaccharide Fibers: Effect on Dialr in in Tube-fed, Head Injected Patients" Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50: 533-538. Certain soluble fibers, especially pectin, have been proposed for the treatment or prevention of diarrhea, but these products have very high product yields for technical reasons, e.g. after the heat treatment required for enteric formulations containing soluble fibers. Application to intestinal formulations was unsuccessful due to reasons such as thickening.
[0005]
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Supplementing an otherwise nutritionally complete liquid food formulation with hydrolysable fiber can inhibit diarrhea while maintaining the low viscosity of the food formulation and prevent bacterial sepsis and intestinal atrophy Was found. The invention therefore relates to food formulations containing such hydrolysable soluble fibers and to the use of such food formulations in the prevention of diarrhea, bacterial sepsis, and intestinal atrophy.
[0006]
As used throughout the specification and the claims, the term "complete nutrition" refers to the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and vitamins that a patient can ingest only for a long term without malnutrition. Refers to a food formulation containing minerals. Water can be added to the formulation to render the formulation liquid and suitable for use in beverages or for use with tube feeders. Alternatively, the formulation can be in a dry form.
[0007]
Sandoz Nutrition Corp. From RESOURCE R, and ISOSOURCE R (Both liquid formulations), STRESSTEIN R (dry product), more food formulations including those available commercially under the trademark NUTRODRIP R and IMPACT R are well known, commercially Available. These formulations typically contain about 20-70% of calories in the form of carbohydrates, 13-30% of calories in the form of protein, 20-50% of calories in the form of lipids (including essential fatty acids), and vitamins. , Minerals, and optionally water, seasonings, fillers, binders, coloring agents, coatings, or other nutritional supplements.
[0008]
The term "soluble fiber" as used throughout the specification and claims refers to fiber that can be fermented in the intestine and that can produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Examples of soluble fibers are: pectin, gua, and gum arabic.
[0009]
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that hydrolyzable fiber can be added to a food formulation to provide a formulation that prevents diarrhea, bacterial sepsis, and intestinal atrophy. The hydrolyzable fiber can be the only fiber in the food formulation, i.e., can be added to a food formulation that previously did not contain fiber, or replaces fiber that was previously in the food formulation You can also. In other cases, the hydrolysable soluble fibers can be added to non-hydrolysable soluble fibers and / or to insoluble fibers such as soy polysaccharides present in food formulations.
[0010]
Hydrolyzed soluble fibers can be derived from many well-known soluble fibers including locust bean gum, xanthan gum, guar gum, and pectin. Preferred fibers are hydrolyzed guar gum, and hydrolyzed pectin for a number of reasons, as set forth below; hydrolyzed guar gum is most preferred. As used herein, hydrolyzed soluble fiber refers to a soluble fiber of reduced molecular weight that has been hydrolyzed in a conventional manner, for example, chemically or enzymatically, and the hydrolysis product is administered in the desired daily dose. Suitable for pipe supply.
[0011]
One major requirement for the tubing compatibility of enteral formulations is that the hydrolyzable fiber must not increase the viscosity of the product substantially above about 50 cp, and the viscosity should be kept below 25 cp. Preferably, it is more preferably maintained at 10-25 cp. The term "low viscosity" as used throughout the description and the claims means a viscosity below 50 cp, preferably as low as 25 cp.
[0012]
For use as an enteral formulation (tubing), the formulation must be essentially neutral, ie, have a pH of about 7.
[0013]
Particularly preferred hydrolyzed guar gum is Taiyo Kagaku Co, Ltd. Commercially available under the trade name from (Japan) SUNFIBER R. Sunfiber R in purified hydrolysed guar gum prepared by hydrolysing guar gum with β- Man'nasu from Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), comprising about 75 percent by weight of soluble fiber. Before hydrolysis, the molecular weight of guar gum is about 200,000; after hydrolysis, it is 20,000-30,000. When used in accordance with the present invention, the molecular weight range of the hydrolyzed guar gum can be varied so long as the viscosity of the final product does not exceed 50 cp.
[0014]
The amount of hydrolyzable soluble fiber added to the food formulation can be varied as needed by the patient and depending on whether the formulation is taken orally or intestines. Thus, the fiber content of the formulation can vary depending on the expected daily intake. In general, the content of hydrolyzed soluble fiber in the formulation is preferably such that the patient obtains about 10-60 g / day of soluble fiber, preferably about 10-45 g / day of soluble fiber, for example 10-30 g / day, especially 20-g. More preferred is an amount to obtain 30 g / day of soluble fiber. Such liquid formulations conveniently provide up to 3000 kcal per day, for example 1500-2500 kcal. They generally contain soluble fiber in the range of 0.3-10 grams, preferably 0.5-7.5 grams, more preferably 0.6-3.0 grams per 100 ml of formulation.
[0015]
It is well known that enterocytes fed only with liquid foods atrophy. This atrophy manifests as a breakdown of the intestinal mucus barrier, causing gram-negative bacteria and / or bacterial endotoxins produced by these bacteria to enter the patient's circulatory system and cause shock. In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that providing enterocytes with a source of hydrolyzed fiber that can be fermented to butyric acid, maintains the health of the enterocytes and the integrity of the mucus barrier and reduces the occurrence of bacterial shock in accordance with the present invention. I found it. In addition, healthy enterocytes can retain enough minerals and reabsorb water. As described in detail in Example 1 below, hydrolyzed pectin and hydrolyzed guar gum are particularly good sources of butyric acid.
[0016]
Another advantage observed with the addition of hydrolyzed soluble fibers such as hydrolyzed guar gum or hydrolyzed pectin is that diarrhea can be suppressed (treatment or prevention).
[0017]
The present invention is further described in the following examples, which are not limiting.
[0018]
【Example】
Example 1
Fiber fermentation Various fibers are suspended in water and buffered to neutrality. A sample of the microorganism normally found in the intestine is added and fermented in a manometer at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. The resulting fragments are analyzed for the amount of butyric acid per gram of fiber. The results are shown below:
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003564147
As can be seen from the above, hydrolysis of pectin and gua increases the fermentation of these fibers to butyric acid.
[0020]
Example 2
Oral Supplement with Soluble Fiber An oral supplement is made using the following ingredients.
[0021]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003564147
Figure 0003564147
Heat the oil to 155-165 ° F. Add the wet salt and the rubber premix to deionized water heated to 140 ° F. Then add maltrin, sugar, caseinate, and soy protein. The soluble fiber source is then added. The soluble fiber can be hydrolyzed guar gum, or pretreated pectin (at least 0.85%, which corresponds to at least 15 g per 2,000 calories). Adjust the pH to 6.8. Next, potassium citrate, and a mineral premix are added and the temperature is raised to 150 ° F. Then add hot oil and heat to 165 ° F. Homogenize the mixture. Add the vitamin pre-mix and flavor and mix thoroughly. The mixture is then heat treated and packaged aseptically.
[0022]
Example 3
Products substituted currently available to soluble fibers, insoluble fibers, the FIBERSOURCE R containing soybean polysaccharide is insoluble fiber. Hydrolyzed guar gum can be used to replace soy polysaccharide, or can be added in addition to soy polysaccharide. The following is an example of replacing soy polysaccharide with hydrolyzed guar gum 1-to-1 but other ratios can be used. If one wishes to replace soy polysaccharide with hydrolyzed pectin, another emulsification system is required.
[0023]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003564147
Figure 0003564147
Example 4
Effect of soluble and insoluble fiber in food on intestinal flora, intestinal tissue and bacterial translocation in mice Bacterial effects Normal mice diet, commercially available liquid food formulation (abbreviated Liq), liquid formulation supplemented with 2.5% soy fiber (Liq + S), or 2.5% in four groups of mice liquid formulations supplemented with Sunfiber R give either (Liq + G). After 14 days, the type and amount of intestinal bacteria are measured. The results are shown in Table 4A below. "Wt" is the average (n = 24) weight gain during 14 days. The numbers below the bacteria column indicate the average (n = 8) of intestinal bacteria per gram, and the standard deviation (log 10 ).
[0024]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003564147
The table shows that both liquid food and liquid food supplemented with soy fiber greatly increase the amount of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that can cause bacterial sepsis when they or the endotoxins they produce enter the bloodstream. No statistically significant increase was observed in liquid food supplemented with hydrolyzed guar. Although the number of obligate anaerobic bacteria increased in the case of liquid + hydrolyzed gua, these bacteria appear to be "benign" than the aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.
[0025]
2. Bacterial transfer Bacterial shock occurs after bacteria or their endotoxins enter the bloodstream. One of the first steps in this process is the transfer of intestinal bacteria to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Liquid foods tend to increase the amount of Gram-negative bacteria, and it is important to maintain a blood mucus barrier to prevent migration. The effect of food on this transition was studied and the results are shown in Table 4B below. Mice in each group were fed, Liq. , Liq + S, or Liq + G as described above for 14 days.
[0026]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003564147
a Chi-square analysis shows no significant difference between mice fed the diet and those fed the Liq, Liq + S, or Liq + G.
[0027]
Thus, as shown in the table above, the addition of hydrolyzed guar fiber does not adversely affect bacterial translocation to the MLN.
[0028]
3. Effect of food on bacteria in endotoxin lipopolysaccharide-treated (LPS) mice Each group of mice was fed food as described above, and 200 μg of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, a toxin involved in bacterial shock, was injected intraperitoneally. Given by injection. The results are shown in Table 4C below. Abbreviations and units are the same as in Table 4A.
[0029]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003564147
None of the liquid foods appeared to adversely affect intestinal flora of LPS-treated mice. As expected, for all treatment groups, the number of intestinal gram-negative bacteria (primarily E. coli) increased with intraperitoneal LPS treatment.
[0030]
4. Transfer of bacteria to MLN in LPS-treated mice Mice were fed as described above and treated with LPS as described above. The number of bacteria found in the MLN was determined and identified. The results are shown in Table 4D below.
[0031]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003564147
Figure 0003564147
Figure 0003564147
[0032]
Figure 0003564147
[0033]
Compared to fed mice, Liq + S and Liq + G enhance the prevention of intestinal bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes in mice. Liq increases bacterial transfer somewhat (P = 0.08) compared to mice fed the diet. However, supplementation with soy or hydrolyzed guar fiber has the beneficial effect of reducing bacterial translocation. However, liquid formulations supplemented with soy fiber are not suitable for tube feeding.
[0034]
Example 5
Randomized, double-blind, in crossover study, the effect on the intestinal transit time when supplemented with hydrolyzed soluble fiber in the tube feed formulation, was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers. Test food self-selecting food (S SD), standard formulation food NUTRODRIP R (SANDOZ Nutrition), and was similar formulation supplemented with 2% by weight of SUNFIBER R (21g / l). The food was administered by the bolus method in an amount equivalent to the required energy supply (2000-2500 Kcal per day). Oral-cecal transit time (OCT) was determined by the lactulose H2 respiration test, and intestinal transit time (CTT) was determined by the radiopaque marker method. Stool frequency (SF) was similarly recorded. The results, shown in Table 5, indicate that hydrolysable soluble fibers extend CTT with little effect on OCT and are beneficial for intestinal delivery to diarrhea patients. Daily SF is not different, but using NUTRODRIP R tends to increase SF, and SUNFIBER is the opposite of this effect.
[0035]
The result is:
[0036]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003564147
The main features and aspects of the present invention are as follows.
[0037]
1. In a complete nutritional food formulation, a formulation comprising an amount of hydrolyzable fiber that provides a daily dosage of the food formulation of 10-60 grams of hydrolyzable fiber per day.
[0038]
2. A formulation according to claim 1, which is a liquid formulation.
[0039]
3. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the viscosity is 50 cp or less.
[0040]
4. Item 4. The composition according to Item 3, wherein the viscosity is 25 cp or less.
[0041]
5. A formulation according to paragraphs 1-4, which provides 10-45 grams of hydrolyzable fiber in a formulation volume providing up to 3000 kcal of energy.
[0042]
6. A formulation according to claim 5 wherein said formulation provides 10-45 grams of hydrolyzable fiber in a formulation volume providing 1500-2500 kcal of energy.
[0043]
7. 7. The formulation of paragraph 1-6, wherein the soluble fiber is selected from the group consisting of hydrolyzed guar gum and hydrolyzed pectin.
[0044]
8. A formulation according to claim 7 comprising hydrolyzed guar gum.
[0045]
9. An enteral formulation according to paragraph 1-9.
[0046]
10. In low viscosity food formulations according to paragraphs 1-9:
Carbohydrates that provide about 20-70% of total calories;
A protein that gives about 10-30% of total calories;
Lipids containing essential fatty acids that provide about 20-50% of total calories;
vitamin;
mineral;
Water; and a hydrolytic soluble fiber.
[0047]
11. A method of preventing bacterial sepsis in a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient the food formulation of claim 1.
[0048]
12. A method for preventing intestinal atrophy in a patient, comprising administering to the patient the food formulation of claim 1.
[0049]
13. A method of treating or preventing diarrhea in a patient, comprising administering to the patient the food formulation of claim 1.

Claims (3)

物配合物の日ごと用量が、1日当り10−60グラムの加水分解グアゴムを供給する量の加水分解グアゴム、並びに炭水化物、蛋白質,必須脂肪酸、ビタミン及びミネラルを含む栄養的に完全な液体食物配合物。 Daily per dose of food product formulation, per day 10-60 grams of hydrolysed guar gum and supplies the amount of hydrolysis guar gum, as well as carbohydrates, proteins, essential fatty acids, nutritionally complete liquid food formulation containing vitamins and minerals object. 管による供給装置で用いるためのものである、請求項1に記載の液体食物配合物。 The liquid food formulation of claim 1 for use in a tube feeder . 腸内の偏性嫌気性細菌数を増加させるためのものである、請求項1に記載の液体食物配合物。The liquid food formulation of claim 1 for increasing the number of obligate anaerobic bacteria in the intestine .
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DK81690D0 (en) * 1990-03-30 1990-03-30 Grindsted Prod As PECTIVE PRODUCT AND PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCING THEREOF

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DE69108846D1 (en) 1995-05-18
JPH04282316A (en) 1992-10-07
AU8603491A (en) 1992-04-30
EP0483070B1 (en) 1995-04-12
ES2073154T3 (en) 1995-08-01
AU651626B2 (en) 1994-07-28
DE69108846T2 (en) 1995-10-12
ATE120930T1 (en) 1995-04-15
CA2053933C (en) 2002-09-10
EP0483070A2 (en) 1992-04-29
EP0483070A3 (en) 1992-07-29
US5260279B1 (en) 1997-05-20
US5260279A (en) 1993-11-09
CA2053933A1 (en) 1992-04-25
DK0483070T3 (en) 1995-07-17

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