JP3544862B2 - Variable shape truss frame, variable shape space truss frame using the variable shape truss frame, variable shape ceiling and openable roof using the variable shape truss frame - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a truss frame having a shape variable by incorporating a truss member which can be adjusted in a part of a minimum unit truss serving as a basic element, and a variable shape three-dimensional truss frame configured by using a plurality of the variable shape truss frames. The present invention also relates to a variable-shape ceiling and an openable / closable roof constituted by attaching a ceiling finishing material and a roof exterior material to the variable-shape three-dimensional truss frame.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-228097 discloses a structure example of a conventional variable shape truss frame. This is a configuration in which a large number of variable-shape basic space trusses 36 shown in FIG. That is, the basic three-dimensional truss 36 has three variable length truss members 31 which are rotatably connected to three variable length truss members 31 which can be extended and contracted. Two fixed triangle trusses 34, 34 formed by rotatably connecting the 33 are provided parallel to and separated from each other, and the fixed triangle truss 34, 34 and the variable shape triangle truss 32 have vertices (nodes). The position is shifted by 60 ° by a rotation angle, the triangle is arranged in the opposite direction, and both ends of the two sides of the two fixed shape triangle trusses 34 on both sides from each vertex (node) of the shape-variable triangle truss 32 are 4 in total. A total of twelve equal-length fixed-length truss members 35 are provided toward one vertex (node), and each node is rotatably connected. Then, a plurality of the basic space trusses 36 are connected in series while sharing the shape-fixed triangular truss 34 in the basic space truss 36 to obtain a variable-length space truss frame having a desired length.
[0003]
FIGS. 5B, 5C, and 5D show modified examples of the conventional basic space truss 36 described above. That is, in the basic three-dimensional truss 36, if the length of each variable-length truss member 31 of the variable-shape triangular truss 32 located at the center thereof is increased to increase the size of the variable-shape triangular truss 32 to a similar shape, The distance between the shape-fixed triangular trusses 34, which form the upper and lower end surfaces of the space truss 36, approaches parallel. When the length of the variable-length truss member 31 is further extended to the maximum, four fixed-length truss members 35 connecting the two nodes at both ends of each variable-length truss member 31 and the vertices of the shape-fixed triangular trusses 34, 34 become The truss members 31 form a substantially straight line and overlap the variable-length truss members 31, so that the truss members can be folded small. Therefore, in the variable shape truss frame formed by connecting a large number of the basic three-dimensional trusses 36, the expansion ratio can be increased.
[0004]
Further, in the basic three-dimensional truss 36, the two fixed-shape triangular trusses 34, 34 have a positional relationship of sandwiching the variable-shape triangular truss 32 and making it a plane of symmetry. When the length of the variable-length truss member 31 is changed, the distance between two vertices which are connected to the variable-length truss member 31 by two fixed-length truss members 35 and 35 and are located at symmetrical positions changes. Become. Accordingly, by setting the lengths of the three variable-length truss members 31 arbitrarily different, the surface angles formed by the fixed triangular trusses 34, 34 at both ends of the basic space truss 36 can be adjusted with a high degree of freedom. The shape-variable truss frame formed by connecting a plurality of the basic space trusses 36 in series can bend its form three-dimensionally.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, a truss body is generally used also as a roof frame of a building, but if the openable roof frame is constructed using a thing that can obtain a large expansion and contraction like the above-mentioned conventional deformable truss frame, the opening ratio is excellent. Can be formed. However, in this conventional variable shape truss frame, although the degree of freedom of deformation is high, the number of constituent members of the basic space truss 36 itself is large, and assembly is troublesome and cost reduction is difficult to achieve. In addition, since the basic space truss 36 is displaced three-dimensionally, a large number of the space trusses 36 are connected vertically and horizontally to form a frame-shaped roof structure, which is opened and closed in one direction. It was unsuitable for a configuration in which it was expanded and contracted.
[0006]
Furthermore, while the ceiling of the building generally adopts a flat surface shape without irregularities, in the above-mentioned conventional variable shape truss frame, the basic three-dimensional truss 36 itself is a three dimensional truss itself. Because of this structure, adjacent triangular trusses are connected to each other at a certain angle, so that irregularities appear on the ceiling surface, which is not desirable from an aesthetic viewpoint.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to be able to form the lower part of the truss in a straight line and to fold the truss without compromising the structural strength. A shape-changeable truss frame that is easy to plan, a shape-changeable space truss frame that can be formed into a flat lower surface and that can be folded using the shape-changeable truss frame, and a shape that uses the shape-changeable space truss frame It is to provide a variable ceiling and a retractable roof.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the variable shape truss frame according to claim 1 of the present invention, a pair of chord members composed of a fixed length truss member and a pair of stretchable adjustable truss members composed of a variable length truss member are mutually connected. Along with being rotatably connected to form a quadrilateral lattice, between the two nodes along one diagonal line, the chord material and the bundling material are connected to each other diagonally so as to be rotatable , configure the minimum unit truss underlying element, and the configuration you scaffold and continuously to a number ladder while sharing the flux material to said minimum units truss.
[0009]
According to the above configuration, since the bundling material of the quadrilateral minimum unit truss, which is a basic element, can be expanded and contracted, the angle between the chord material and the bundling material is arbitrarily set by adjusting the length of the bundling material. Thus, the quadrilateral formed by the minimum unit truss can be formed in any shape.
[0010]
That is, when the length of the variable-length bundle is adjusted so that the shape of the minimum unit truss that forms a quadrilateral is rectangular, the truss frame has a large number of chords connected and arranged on its upper and lower sides in a straight line. It stretches and becomes a shape without unevenness. In addition, the truss frame can be variously bent and deformed by expanding and contracting the bundle of variable-length truss members and adjusting the length to an arbitrary length. Furthermore, when the bundle of variable length truss members is extended to the longest length, the chord and the diagonal members come closest to the bundle and overlap substantially linearly, and the entire truss frame is folded small.
[0011]
Further, in the variable-shape space truss frame according to claim 2 of the present invention, the variable-shape truss frames according to claim 1 are arranged side by side at a plurality of intervals, and each of these variable-shape truss frames is connected by a fixed-length connecting member. It was configured to be combined.
[0012]
According to the variable-shape three-dimensional truss frame having the above-described configuration, if the length of the bundle is set so that the quadrilaterals formed by the chords and the bundle in the plurality of variable-shape trusses are all rectangular, The chords of the variable truss frame are straight, and may form a continuous wide plane on the lower surface between the plurality of variable shape truss frames arranged side by side. In addition, while maintaining the same length of bundles placed at mutually corresponding parts between a plurality of deformable truss frames arranged side by side, the length of each bundle in each truss frame can be arbitrarily expanded and contracted. By adjusting the shape, the shape of the variable shape truss frame along the direction of expansion and contraction can be variously bent to change the overall shape of the variable shape space truss frame. Furthermore, it is possible to fold the deformable truss frame as small as possible by extending all the bundles to the maximum length.
[0013]
Further, in the variable shape ceiling according to claim 3 of the present invention, a ceiling finishing material is attached to a lower chord material constituting the variable shape space truss frame according to claim 2 . Further, in the openable roof according to claim 4 of the present invention, a roof exterior material is attached to the upper chord constituting the deformable space truss frame according to claim 2 .
[0014]
In the above-mentioned deformable ceiling and the openable roof, when providing a ceiling finishing material on a surface formed by a lower chord material of a plurality of deformable truss frames arranged side by side or a roof cladding material on a surface formed by an upper chord material, And the lower chord are all fixed length, and no stretchable truss members are used, so that fixed roof exterior materials and ceiling finishing materials can be easily attached, and a plurality of juxtaposed variable shapes A foldable flat ceiling can be easily formed by the telescopic mechanism of the truss frame, and there is no need for a mechanism for opening and closing roof materials such as rails and wires as the conventional opening and closing mechanism for openable roofs. With a simple structure, a lightweight shape-changeable ceiling and an openable roof can be realized.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0016]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing examples in which the shape-changeable truss frame according to the present invention is deformed into various forms. As shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, one lattice portion of the variable-shape truss frame 8 indicates a minimum unit truss 8a which is a basic unit of a component. Based on this minimum unit truss 8a, a variable-truss frame structure according to the present invention will be described.
[0017]
The deformable truss frame 8 of the present invention is formed by connecting a large number of minimum unit trusses 8a as basic elements. The minimum unit truss 8a is composed of a pair of chord members 1 composed of fixed length truss members. 1 and a pair of expandable and contractible bundles 4 and 4 made of a variable-length truss member are rotatably connected to each other via a pin joint 3 to form a quadrangular lattice. A structure in which a diagonal member 5 is rotatably connected via the above-mentioned pin joint 3 between two joints between the chord members 1 and 1 and the bundle members 4 and 4 along one diagonal of the shape. Has become.
[0018]
The shape-variable truss frame 8 is formed by connecting and linking a large number of the minimum unit trusses 8a in a ladder shape in one direction while sharing the bundle material 4, thereby forming a frame. Further, in the present embodiment, the diagonal members 5 constituting each of the minimum unit trusses 8a are arranged along one of the two diagonal lines. It is provided along a diagonal line.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 2, a variable length truss member composed of an outer cylindrical member 4a and a rod 4b forming a fluid-operated telescopic mechanism such as hydraulic or pneumatic is used for the bundle member 4. A ring member 4c forming the pin joint 3 is integrally provided at an end of the outer cylindrical member 4a as one end of the variable-length truss member and an end of the rod 4b as the other end. Four bosses 4d projecting in the diametric direction with the axis parallel to the ring member 4c are integrally provided on the outer peripheral portions at both ends of the outer cylindrical member 4a. The bosses 4d are described later. However, the truss members are connected and fixed. It should be noted that another mechanism such as a screw type may be adopted as a telescopic mechanism of the variable length truss member.
[0020]
In the variable shape truss frame 8 having the above configuration, the chord member 1, the bundle member 4, and the diagonal member 5 are rotatably connected to each other by the pin joint 3, and the chord member 1, the bundle member 4, By adjusting the length of the bundle 4 made of the variable-length truss members so that the quadrilateral formed by the above becomes a rectangle, the chord 1 of each of the minimum unit trusses 8a is arranged in a straight line as a whole frame. . Also, by expanding and contracting the bundle 4 composed of the variable-length truss members and appropriately adjusting the lengths of the bundles, it is possible to change the form of the entire frame to an arbitrary shape as shown in FIG. It is. Further, when the bundle member 4 is extended to the maximum, the chord member 1 and the diagonal member 5 come closest to the bundle member 4, and the entire deformable truss frame 8 can be folded small as shown in FIG. It is. At this time, if the length of the bundle material 4 is set to be equal to the sum of the lengths of the chord material 1 and the diagonal material 5, they become substantially straight and overlap each other, and the entire frame is folded to a minimum. obtain. Further, since the variable length truss member to be incorporated in the variable shape truss frame 8 is applied to the vertical bundle 4 in which the acting stress is generally small when viewed from the entire frame, the variable length truss member has a telescopic mechanism. It is possible to use a small-scale hydraulic type or the like, so that an increase in the weight of the entire frame can be suppressed as much as possible.
[0021]
Next, an application example in which a plurality of the variable shape truss frames 8 are used to configure a variable shape space truss frame as shown in FIG. 3 will be described.
[0022]
As shown in the figure, a plurality of variable shape truss frames 8 are provided in parallel with each other in the same direction of expansion and contraction, and the variable shape truss frames 8 are connected to each other by a fixed length connecting member 9 to change the shape. The truss frame 10 is configured. Here, in the illustrated example, a fixed shape truss structure is used for the connecting member 9. In other words, this connecting member 9 is formed into a fixed truss frame 90 having a rectangular lattice-shaped minimum unit truss, in which a chord material 91 and a bundle material 92, which are rod-shaped fixed-length truss members, are vertically and horizontally ladder-shaped. In each of the minimum unit trusses, a diagonal member 93 is further fixed diagonally as a reinforcing member. Both ends of each fixed truss frame 90 have upper and lower chord members 91, 91 respectively connected to the outer cylindrical member 4a of the bundle 4 of the variable shape truss frame 8. Specifically, as described with reference to FIG. 2, the chord material 91 is fitted and fixed to the boss portions 4d integrally provided on the outer peripheral portions at both ends of the outer cylindrical member 4a.
[0023]
According to the deformable three-dimensional truss frame 10 having such a configuration, the bundle members 1 are formed such that the quadrangular shape formed by the chord members 1 and the bundle members 4 in each of the variable shape truss frames 8 is rectangular. If the length is set, the upper and lower chord members 1 of each of the variable shape truss frames 8 are linearly continuous. Accordingly, a wide flat rectangular plane can be formed on the lower surface of the variable-shape space truss frame 10 in which a plurality of variable-shape truss frames 8, 8 are connected in parallel. In addition, while maintaining the same length of the bundles 4 arranged at the mutually corresponding portions between the plurality of deformable truss frames 8, 8 connected side by side, each truss frame 8, 8 The length of the bundle 4 is arbitrarily expanded and contracted to change the overall shape of the variable-shape three-dimensional truss frame 10 in various directions along the expansion and contraction directions of the variable-shape truss frames 8. It is possible. Furthermore, by extending all the bundles 4 to the maximum length, the shape-changeable truss frame 10 can be folded as small as possible and in a zigzag shape.
[0024]
Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the shape-variable truss frame 10 is projected upward and downward from both ends of the respective bundle members 4 in the shape-variable truss frame 8 so as to be used for ceiling materials and roof materials. The supporting stay 14 is rotatably mounted, and the ceiling finishing material 13 is connected to the projecting end of the lower ceiling material supporting stay 14 in a bendable manner so as to be flexibly connected to the projecting end of the upper roof material supporting stay 14. Are connected to and supported by the roof exterior material 12 in a bendable manner. That is, a ceiling finishing material 13 and a roof exterior that are stretched between adjacent support stays 14 attached to the variable-shape space truss frame 10 and are bendable in parallel with the string material 1 and in accordance with the bending of the string material 1. The material 12 is additionally provided to form a variable shape ceiling and an openable roof.
[0025]
In other words, the variable-shape ceiling and the openable roof are provided with a roof exterior material 12 and a ceiling finishing material 13 on the upper and lower surfaces of the variable-shape truss frame 10 in a bendable manner. All the chords 1 have a fixed length and the length is constant irrespective of the change in the shape of the frame form, so that the chords 1 can be easily attached to the roof cladding material 12 and the ceiling finishing material 13 without adding a telescopic function. It is possible.
[0026]
Further, if the length of the bundle 4 is uniformly set so that the quadrilateral formed by the chord 1 and the bundle 4 of the deformable truss frame 8 is all rectangular, the chord 1 of the variable shape truss frame 8 can be obtained. Extend in a straight line, and all the chords 1 of the variable-shape space truss frame 10 are aligned on one plane. Therefore, the ceiling finishing material 13 suspended from the variable-shape three-dimensional truss frame 10 via the support stay 14 forms a flat and uneven surface as shown in FIG.
[0027]
Further, in the variable-shaped space truss frame 10, the lengths of the lateral bundles 4 arranged in the mutually corresponding portions of the variable-length truss frames 8, 8 arranged side by side are kept the same. As shown in FIG. 4 (b), the overall configuration of the deformable three-dimensional truss frame 10, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), by appropriately adjusting the lengths of the individual bundles 4 sequentially arranged along the stretching direction (longitudinal direction). Can be arbitrarily changed, and the surface formed by the roof exterior material 12 and the ceiling finishing material 13 can be formed in an arbitrary shape.
[0028]
Further, when the variable-length truss forming the bundle 4 of each shape-variable truss frame 8 is maximized, the shape-variable truss 8 can be folded small, so that the roof exterior material 12 and the ceiling finishing material 13 are folded. The openable roof can be contracted as much as possible to reduce the entire size of the openable roof as small as possible, so that a high aperture ratio can be obtained.
[0029]
According to such an openable roof, there is no need for a mechanism for opening and closing roof materials such as rails and wires as in the case of a conventional openable roof. Can form a roof.
[0030]
Further, in the present embodiment, an example is shown in which the roof chord material is attached to the upper chord material, and the ceiling finish material is attached to the lower chord material. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Needless to say, each function can be obtained.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the variable shape truss frame of the invention according to claim 1, a variable length truss member is used for a pair of bundle members forming a quadrilateral minimum unit truss which is a basic unit of the component. Since the expansion and contraction can be adjusted, the length of the bundle is adjusted and the shape of the quadrilateral is set to be rectangular, so that the chords arranged above and below are extended in a straight line, and the form of the truss frame is flat without irregularities. The truss frame can be formed into various shapes by bending the truss frame into various shapes by arbitrarily adjusting the length of each bundle. If the bundle is further extended to the maximum extent, the chord and the diagonal can be brought close to the bundle, and the entire truss frame can be folded down.
[0032]
In addition, a variable-length truss member with a telescopic mechanism is applied to a vertical bundle with a small acting stress to form a shape-variable truss mechanism. As a result, the weight of the entire frame can be reduced.
[0033]
Further, according to the variable shape truss Frame to the invention of claim 2, juxtaposed apart the variable shape Truss Frames of multiple, coupling each variable shape trusses rack構間a connecting member fixed length structure By individually adjusting the length of the bundle, it is possible to change the shape of the deformable three-dimensional truss frame to any shape along the expansion and contraction direction, as well as to maximize the length of the bundle. If it is extended, the openable roof frame can be folded in a zigzag shape and the aperture ratio can be improved, and it does not require a conventional mechanism for opening and closing roof materials such as rails and wires. Lightweight variable-shape space truss frame can be constructed.
[0034]
According to the variable shape ceiling and the openable roof according to the inventions of claims 3 and 4, the roof exterior material and the ceiling finishing material are attached to the upper and lower chords of the variable shape space truss frame. A flat surface without irregularities can be formed on the lower surface and the aesthetic appearance of the ceiling surface and the roof surface is not impaired.
[0035]
Further, since the upper and lower chord members of the variable shape truss frame have a fixed length, a fixed-shaped roof exterior material and a ceiling finishing material having no expansion / contraction mechanism can be attached very easily.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a variable-shape truss frame according to the present invention, in which (a) shows a state formed in a flat form, and (b) shows a state formed in an S-shaped curve. FIG. 3C is a diagram showing a state in which it is shrunk to the minimum in a zigzag shape.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a variable length truss member used for a bundle of a variable shape truss frame of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are perspective views showing a schematic configuration of a variable-shape space truss frame according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a state where the truss is maximized, and FIG.
4 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an openable roof formed using the deformable space truss frame shown in FIG. 3, (a) showing a state formed in a flat form, and (b) showing S FIG. 7C is a diagram showing a state formed in a shape curved in a letter shape, and FIG. 9C is a diagram showing a state in which it is shrunk in a zigzag shape to a minimum.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a basic three-dimensional truss as a minimum component in a conventional variable-shape truss frame in various deformed states.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 String material 3 Pin joint 4 Bundle material 4a Outer cylinder material 4b Rod 4c Ring member 4d Boss part 5 Diagonal material 8 Shape variable truss frame 8a Minimum unit truss 9 Shape fixed truss 10 Shape variable space truss frame 12 Roof exterior material 13 Ceiling finish Material 14 Stay 90 Shape fixed truss frame 91 String material 92 Bundle material 93 Diagonal material

Claims (4)

A pair of chord members composed of a fixed-length truss member and a pair of stretch-adjustable bundle members composed of a variable-length truss member are rotatably connected to each other to form a quadrilateral lattice, and to one diagonal line. Along with the string material and the bundle material, a diagonal member is rotatably connected to each other between the two nodes to form a minimum unit truss as a basic element, and the minimum unit truss shares the bundle material. A shape-changeable truss frame characterized by a large number of ladders and a frame. 2. The variable-shape three-dimensional truss frame according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the variable-shape truss frames according to claim 1 are arranged side by side, and each of the variable-shape truss frames is connected by a fixed-length connecting member. 3. The variable shape ceiling according to claim 2, wherein a ceiling finish is attached to a lower chord constituting the variable shape space truss frame according to claim 2. Retractable roof being characterized in that additionally provided a roof sheathing material to the upper chords that make up the variable shape truss Frame in claim 2.

Images