JP3512463B2 - High strength mechanical structural steel excellent in delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen penetration resistance and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mechanical structural steel having excellent delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen penetration resistance and having a tensile strength of 125 kgf / mm ² or more, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art High-strength mechanical structural steel is widely used as high-strength bolts in machines, automobiles, bridges and buildings, as well as in PC steel rods and carburized parts. In particular, with the recent increase in the size of structures, there is an increasing demand for higher strength bolts for the purpose of improving joint efficiency. Also in automobiles, there is an increasing demand for higher strength of various parts in order to achieve fuel efficiency improvement by weight reduction. However, it is well known that the risk of delayed fracture increases when the tensile strength exceeds 125 kgf / mm ^2. For example, the tensile strength of high-strength bolts for friction welding currently recognized by JIS standard is 110 kgf / mm ² class. Is currently the upper limit.

Various methods have been proposed for improving delayed fracture of high strength steel. For example, as high-strength steel for bolts, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-96354 discloses steel with increased amounts of Si and Cr. This aims at improving delayed fracture by suppressing grain boundary embrittlement due to temper embrittlement by a component design that ensures high strength even at high temperature tempering of 400 ° C. or higher. In order to improve corrosion resistance and suppress hydrogen invasion, various plating treatment methods have been studied. For example, JP-A-64-68452 discloses a galvanized delayed fracture resistant high strength bolt.

[0004]

However, in the steel having a tensile strength of more than 125 kgf / mm ² , the delayed fracture has not been sufficiently suppressed.
This is an obstacle to the strengthening of C steel rods and the like. Further, with respect to zinc plating, there is a problem that hydrogen is generated during plating, so that even if corrosion resistance is increased, hydrogen reduction in steel is insufficient.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has a tensile strength of 125 kgf / mm ² or more, high strength mechanical structural steel excellent in delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen intrusion resistance, and the same. It is intended to provide a manufacturing method.

[0006]

With respect to the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention first conducted a study from the viewpoint of the steel material, and as a result, as a result of adjusting the chemical composition of the steel and the tempering temperature, the crystal grain boundary was strengthened in the steel during the tempering. It has been found that by precipitating a large amount of carbides / nitrides in the grains, diffusible hydrogen is trapped in the grains and the hydrogen accumulated in the grain boundaries is reduced to improve delayed fracture characteristics. Furthermore, focusing on the shot peening treatment, which is becoming more widely used as a means for improving the fatigue characteristics of gears, etc., plastic strain is applied near the surface layer by shot peening, which greatly reduces the amount of diffusible hydrogen penetrating from the environment under load conditions. I found that I could do it.

The present invention has been constructed on the basis of these new findings, and its gist is as follows. That is, in mass %, C: 0.15 to 0.50%, Si: 0.05 to
2.00%, Mn: 0.10 to 0.80%, P: 0.020%
Hereinafter, S: 0.020% or less, Cr: 1.0 to 3.
0%, Mo: 0.2-1.2%, Al: 0.005-
0.050%, N: 0.001 to 0.010% is contained, and V: more than 0.10 to 0.50%, Ti: more than 0.01.
0.05%, Nb: contains more than 0.01 to 0.05% of one kind or two or more kinds, further contains Ni: 0.1 to 2.0%, if necessary, the balance is Fe and Consists of inevitable impurities, and from the steel surface
The maximum value (σ _r ) of compressive residual stress between 108 μm and 200 μm is σ _r / σ with respect to the tensile strength (σ _B ) of the material.
A high-strength mechanical structural steel excellent in delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen penetration resistance characterized by satisfying _B ≧ 0.6,
Furthermore, as a means for achieving a tensile strength of 125 kgf / mm ² or more, the tempering temperature after quenching is specified to be 400 ° C or more, and the maximum value (σ _r ) of the compressive residual stress within 108 μm to 200 μm from the steel surface is the tensile strength of the material. High strength mechanical structure excellent in delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen intrusion resistance characterized by using shot peening treatment so that σ _r / σ _B ≧ 0.6 for (σ _B ). It is a manufacturing method of steel for use. The shot particles in the present invention preferably have a particle size of 0.8 mm or less and Hv 600 or more.

[0008]

The function of the alloy components, heat treatment conditions and shot peening conditions in the present invention will be described in detail below. C: 0.15 to obtain high strength by quenching and tempering
% Or more, but if it is too large, the toughness deteriorates and the delayed fracture property also deteriorates, so the content was made 0.50% or less. Si: 0.05% or more is necessary to increase the deoxidation and strength of steel, but since it is an element that impairs cold workability,
It was 2.00% or less. Mn: 0.10% to secure deoxidation and hardenability of steel
Although it is necessary as described above, it is set to 0.8% or less in order to segregate in the grain boundaries during heating in the austenite region to embrittle the grain boundaries and deteriorate the delayed fracture characteristics.

P: Effective as a hardenable element,
Since it is an element that causes microsegregation during solidification and further segregates austenite at grain boundaries during heating to embrittle the grain boundaries and deteriorate delayed fracture characteristics, the content was made 0.020% or less. S: An unavoidable impurity, but as with P, it is an element that segregates to the grain boundaries during heating in the austenite region, embrittles the grain boundaries, and deteriorates delayed fracture characteristics, so the content was made 0.020% or less.

Cr: An element which is necessary for obtaining the hardenability of steel and has an effect of tempering softening and is effective for obtaining a tensile strength of 125 kgf / mm ² or more at a tempering temperature of 400 ° C. or more. % Or more is required. However, if it is too large, the toughness and the cold workability are deteriorated. Ni: An element that is added as needed to improve toughness and delayed fracture characteristics, and is required to be 0.1% or more. However, if it is too large, the effect is saturated and rather the cost is increased, so the content is made 2.0% or less. Mo: Necessary for obtaining the hardenability of steel and has temper softening resistance and 125 at a tempering temperature of 400 ° C. or higher.
It is an element effective for obtaining a tensile strength of kgf / mm ² or more and is required to be 0.2% or more. However, if too much, the effect is saturated and the cost rises, so the content was made 1.2% or less.

Al: an element effective in deoxidizing steel, 0.0
It is necessary to be 0.05% or more, but if it is too much, the toughness is deteriorated, so the content was made 0.050% or less. N: 0.001% or more is an essential element for forming a nitride, but if it is too large, it segregates to the grain boundaries during austenite heating, embrittles the grain boundaries, and deteriorates the delayed fracture property as well. Below.

V, Ti, and Nb are important elements in the present invention, contribute to the refinement of crystal grains, form carbides and nitrides in the crystal grains during tempering, trap hydrogen in the grains, and cause stress. In order to improve delayed fracture characteristics by suppressing the diffusion and accumulation of hydrogen to the grain boundaries in the concentrated portion, V: more than 0.10%, Ti: more than 0.01%, Nb: 0.
It requires more than 01%. However, if too much, coarse precipitates are formed during solidification to deteriorate toughness and delayed fracture characteristics, so V: 0.50% or less, Ti: 0.05% or less, and Nb: 0.05% or less, respectively. .

Regarding the heat treatment conditions, the lower limit of the tempering temperature is set so that delayed fracture does not occur at a high strength of 125 kgf / mm ² or more. That is, if the temperature is less than 400 ° C, embrittlement of grain boundaries becomes remarkable and delayed fracture characteristics are deteriorated, so the tempering temperature was set to 400 ° C or higher.

Regarding the shot peening conditions, since it is difficult to directly measure the amount of plastic strain, the maximum value (σ _r ) of the compressive residual stress within the range of 108 μm to 200 μm from the steel surface is represented. That is, when the plastic strain amount, that is, σ _r is small and σ _r / σ _B <0.6 with respect to the tensile strength (σ _B ) of the material under various tensile load conditions, sufficient diffusion of diffusible hydrogen Since a suppression effect cannot be obtained, a sufficient diffusion hydrogen penetration suppression effect can be obtained σ _r / σ _B ≧
0.6 was set as the required shot peening condition. Note that the specific shot peening method for obtaining this condition is not particularly limited, but when considering the radius of curvature of the threaded portion of the bolt or the stress concentration portion such as the lower neck, steel balls with a grain diameter of φ 0.8 mm or less are shot grains. Desirable as tensile strength 150kgf / mm
Considering stable application of compressive residual stress to steels of the ^2nd class, steel balls having hardness over Hv600 are desirable as shot grains.

[0015]

[Examples] Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the test steel. (1) ~
(6) is steel according to the present invention, and (7) is JIS standard SCM435 steel used as a comparative steel. These two
Uses 0 mmφ steel bar and has a tensile strength of 150 kgf / mm ² ~ 16
Quenching and tempering were performed to a target of 0 kgf / mm ² . Table 2 shows the heat treatment conditions and the tensile strength at this time.

[0016]

[Table 1]

[0017]

[Table 2]

The extent of diffusible hydrogen that these steels can tolerate for delayed fracture, that is, the level of the limit hydrogen content of each steel type, was investigated. First, a method for obtaining the limit hydrogen amount will be described. In order to make a test piece with a V-shaped annular notch with a notch radius of 0.25 mmR on the shaft with M10 bolt shown in FIG. 1 and to add hydrogen in pairs, in a 15-36% HCl solution The hydrogen content in the test piece is changed by immersing the test piece for 20 to 150 minutes. One of them was taken out from the HCl soak and left in the air for 30 minutes, then the amount of hydrogen was measured by a thermal analysis method, and the other one was left in the air for 30 minutes after the immersion and then shown in FIG. The delayed destructive test is performed with the testing machine. The test load in the delayed fracture test was 90% of the tensile strength of each material.

Table 3 shows the relationship between the amount of diffusible hydrogen obtained and the breaking time in the delayed fracture test when the concentration of HCl and the immersion time were variously changed according to the above means.

From the same table, Table 4 shows the upper limit of diffusible hydrogen content that does not cause delayed fracture of each steel, that is, the critical diffusible hydrogen content. From this table, it is apparent that (1) to (6) in the composition and tempering temperature range of the present invention have a higher limit hydrogen amount and are less likely to undergo delayed fracture as compared with (7) which is a comparative material.

[0021]

[Table 3]

[0022]

[Table 4]

Next, for the steels shown in Table 1, the grain size φ0.2
The depth of the maximum compressive residual stress obtained by X-ray diffraction from the surface when shot peening was performed under the conditions of a projection speed of 100 m / sec and a projection time of 300 sec using steel balls of mm · Hv800 as shot grains. And its stress value,
Further, Table 5 shows a summary of the limiting hydrogen amounts obtained by the delayed fracture test. All satisfied the shot peening condition of the present invention, σ _r / σ _B ≧ 0.6, and all of the developed steels (1) to (6) showed a high limit hydrogen amount of 1.1 ppm or more. In comparison with Table 4, no deterioration of the delayed fracture property due to the shot peening treatment is observed.
The limit hydrogen content of the comparative steel (7) also improved from 0.16 ppm to 0.62 ppm by the shot peening treatment, but the shot peening treatment shown in (1) to (6) of Table 4 was not performed. In this case, the hydrogen content was 30% or more lower than the limit hydrogen content of the developed steel, and sufficient effect of improving delayed fracture could not be obtained only by giving shot peening treatment to the comparative steel.

[0024]

[Table 5]

Further, a cell is provided around the test piece mounting portion of the testing machine shown in FIG. 2 to create a constant temperature and constant humidity environment (temperature 60 ° C., humidity 90%), and shot peening conditions (shot particle size, shot particle hardness, projection speed, Using test pieces with different projection times, maximum residual compressive stress positions, and maximum compressive stress maximum values, after holding them in the above humid environment for 100 hours with various load stresses, remove the test pieces and invade them. The results of measuring the amount of diffusible hydrogen are shown in Table 6. The results of Table 6 are summarized and shown in FIG. The amount of penetrating diffusible hydrogen is below the limit hydrogen amount of the material at any load level, but when the maximum value of the compressive residual stress applied by shot peening is low, that is, σ _r / σ _B ≧ 0.6 is satisfied. If not, the amount of infiltrating diffusible hydrogen is relatively large, the amount of invading hydrogen increases as the load stress level increases, and the load stress is 150 kg.
In the case of f / mm ² , a maximum of 0.11 to 0.22 ppm of diffusible hydrogen has penetrated into the steel. On the other hand, when the maximum value of the compressive residual stress applied by the shot peening process is high, that is, when σ _r / σ _B ≧ 0.6 is satisfied, the amount of invading hydrogen is small and the load is low at any load stress level. 0.012 even with a stress of 150 kgf / mm ²
Only a very small amount of diffusible hydrogen, about 0.018 ppm, can penetrate into the steel.

As described above, when the condition of σ _r / σ _B ≧ 0.6 is satisfied, the amount of hydrogen penetrating from the environment is suppressed to a very small value, and the time until the limit amount of hydrogen is reached, that is, the delayed fracture life is reached. Can be expected to improve dramatically.

[0027]

[Table 6]

[0028]

According to the present invention, the problem of delayed fracture of high-strength steel can be solved, so that the strength of the bolt can be increased. Therefore, it can be expected to improve the joint efficiency of the building bolts and reduce the weight of the automobile bolts, so that the industrial effect is great.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a shape of a test piece.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a delayed fracture test device.

FIG. 3 Shot peening of the amount of diffusible hydrogen penetrating into the steel after the test piece of FIG. 1 was kept in a constant temperature (60 ° C.) / Constant humidity (90% humidity) environment for 100 hours while changing the load stress level. It is a figure which shows the effect suppressed by a process.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 test piece 2 balance weight 3 fulcrum

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Fusao Ishikawa, Futtsu City, Chiba Prefecture, 20-1 Shintomi, Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Technology Development Division 1-24-30 Nippon Steel Co., Ltd., Nagoya Branch (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Watanabe, 14 Yamamura, Kaifu-gun, Aichi Prefectural Yamaga, Nigata 481 Otori, Toyo Seiko Co., Ltd. (56) References Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-25745 (JP, A) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-255738 (JP, A) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-329849 (JP, A) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-287440 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int .Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C22C 38/00 301 C21D 7/06 C22C 38/28 C22C 38/50

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. In mass %, C: 0.15 to 0.50%, Si: 0.05 to 2.00%, Mn: 0.10 to 0.80%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cr: 1.0 to 3.0%, Mo: 0.2 to 1.2%, Al: 0.005 to 0.050%, N: 0.001 to 0.010. %, More than V: 0.10 to 0.50%, Ti: more than 0.01 to 0.05%, Nb: more than 0.01 to 0.05%, or at least one of two or more. However, the balance consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities, contains a tensile strength of 125 kgf / mm ² or more, and the maximum value (σ _r ) of the compressive residual stress within 108 μm to 200 μm from the surface of the steel material is the tensile strength of the material (σ _B )
On the other hand, a high-strength mechanical structural steel excellent in delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen penetration resistance, characterized by satisfying σ _r / σ _B ≧ 0.6. 2. A high-strength mechanical structure excellent in delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen penetration resistance according to claim 1, further containing Ni: 0.1 to 2.0% by mass . steel. 3. A steel material comprising the steel composition according to claim 1 or 2, which is tempered at a temperature of 400 ° C. or more after quenching and has a tensile strength of 125 kgf / mm ² or more, and 108 μm or more and 200 μm or less from the surface of the steel material. The maximum value of the compressive residual stress (σ _r ) of the material is σ with respect to the tensile strength (σ _B ) of the material.
_A method for producing a high-strength mechanical structural steel excellent in delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen penetration resistance, characterized by performing shot peening treatment so as to satisfy _r / σ _B ≧ 0.6. 4. Excellent delayed fracture resistance and hydrogen penetration resistance according to claim 3, wherein shot peening treatment is performed by using steel balls having a grain size φ0.8 mm or less and Hv600 or more as shot grains. Method for manufacturing high strength mechanical structural steel.