JP3456604B2 - Multilayer coated granular fertilizer - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fertilizer control type fertilizer having different fertilization durations, and to a coated granular fertilizer capable of supplying an appropriate amount of nutrients in a timely manner in accordance with the nutrient requirement pattern of a crop.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The environment surrounding agriculture in recent years has changed significantly. For example, the aging of agricultural workers, the progress of labor-saving agriculture due to a decrease in the working population, the promotion of low-cost agriculture against the backdrop of liberalization of imports of agricultural products, and the promotion of so-called environmental conservation agriculture in harmony with ecology. Can be seen.

Under such circumstances, the position where chemical fertilizers are placed is no exception, and there is an urgent need to respond to this environmental change. That is, there is a demand for fertilizers that are more labor-saving and have high fertilization efficiency and methods for applying the fertilizers. At present, the problems occurring in the field of chemical fertilizer application include an increase in environmental load such as runoff to rivers and groundwater due to low utilization rate due to heavy use of fast-acting fertilizers, and especially to the subsoil such as horticulture at facilities. This is the manifestation of salt concentration disorder in a place where the salt is not washed away.

In order to solve such problems, various fertilizer control type fertilizers have been proposed and put into practical use. One of the fertilizers for this purpose is coated fertilizer. Coated fertilizer controls the elution and fertilization effect of fertilizer components by coating the surface of granular fertilizer with an inorganic material such as sulfur and silicate or a synthetic resin as a coating material. It has become more and more accurate.

For example, attempts have been made to add a water-soluble surfactant to the coating material in advance and control the amount of elution by the amount, or to reduce the temperature dependence by adding an inorganic substance such as talc. However, recently, a so-called time-release type granular coated fertilizer has been proposed in which a material soluble or swellable in water is introduced into the coating material so as to supply an appropriate amount of nutrients in a proper period (Patent Publication 5). -20634).

According to this method, it is shown that the elution is promptly performed after the elution is suppressed for a certain period after fertilization. However, it is difficult to say that the control technology is highly accurate, and since the coating material is used by dissolving and diluting the coating material in an organic solvent in order to form a uniform film during manufacturing, toxicity during manufacturing,
In addition to the safety aspects such as flammability and solvent recovery, environmental pollution due to toxic substances remaining in fertilizers is regarded as a problem.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of earnest studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor did not use any solvent at the time of production and applied to a film forming technique excellent in water resistance and a nutrient requirement characteristic of crops. The present invention has been accomplished by discovering the coating material and the elution control technology.

The present inventors have already found a method for producing a multi-layer coated granular fertilizer by using a film forming technique of waxes without using an organic solvent and applied (Japanese Patent Application No. 6-1111014).
However, in this system, the elution function is improved by adding higher fertilization control technology to these systems.

That is, in the present invention, the surface of the granular fertilizer is primarily coated with wax, and the surface thereof is secondarily coated with a material containing at least one selected from alkyd resin and a substance soluble or swellable in water. After that, the primary coating material is melted or softened, the primary coating material is 2 to 15% by weight with respect to the coated fertilizer, the alkyd resin of the secondary coating material is 4 to 10% by weight with respect to the coated fertilizer, and Multilayer coated granular fertilizer in which the amount of the water-soluble or swellable substance added is 0.2 to 10% by weight based on the alkyd resin, and the substance of which the surface of the granular fertilizer is soluble or swellable in the alkyd resin or wax and water A material which is first coated with a material containing at least one type selected from the following, whose outer layer is secondarily coated with waxes, and whose surface is soluble or swellable in alkyd resin and water. After being tertiary-coated with a material containing at least one selected from, the primary coating material and / or the secondary coating material is melted or softened, and the alkyd resin or waxes in the primary coating material becomes a coated fertilizer. On the other hand, the amount of the substance that is soluble in water or swells is 0.5 to 3% by weight and is 1 to 10% by weight with respect to the alkyd resin or wax, and the secondary coating material is 2 to 12 with respect to the coated fertilizer.
%, The alkyd resin in the tertiary coating material is 4 to 10% by weight with respect to the coated fertilizer, and the addition amount of the substance soluble or swelling in water is 0.2 to 7% by weight with respect to the alkyd resin.
In addition to the multilayer coated granular fertilizer, the alkyd resin of the outermost coating layer and / or the alkyd resin of the innermost coating layer or waxes, a material containing at least one selected from substances soluble or swelling in water is added. A multi-layer coated granular fertilizer is provided.

The present invention will be described in detail below. As the wax used in the present invention, any of a synthetic wax, a natural wax and a compound wax can be used, but a wax having a melting point of 60 ° C. or higher is preferable from the storage environment of the coated fertilizer. Moreover, it is also possible to use it by incorporating a modifier such as EVA.

In addition, a suitable melting point distribution is required as a physical property required for waxes in consideration of the uniform coating property in each step during manufacturing. That is, three-layer coating (first layer:
Taking the wax + swelling material, the second layer: waxes, the third layer: alkyd resin) as an example, first, the coating of the first layer and the second layer is made by spraying the molten wax on the fertilizer surface and instantaneously solidifying it. To form a film.

The molecular weight distribution (melting point distribution) of the wax at this time is as uniform as possible, and the wax is melt-treated at the final stage (after coating the third layer) to obtain a smooth and uniform film. To achieve this, for example, if the coating temperature is 80 ° C,
It is desirable that the wax having a melting point of 80 ° C. or lower contains 3 to 10% by weight. Further, when the melting processing temperature is 90 ° C., the wax that melts at 50 ° C. to 80% by weight is desirable.

That is, when the outermost alkyd resin is coated and the waxes inside are melted by heating to form a film, 5
It is absolutely necessary to melt 0% by weight or more. On the other hand, 9
A wax that melts at 80% by weight or more at 0 ° C. or less is not preferable because the inner layer is completely liquefied when it is softened and melted, which may cause film breakage during coating. Addition of waxes in the case of a multi-layer coated granular fertilizer which is primary-coated with wax and whose surface is secondary-coated with a material containing at least one selected from alkyd resins and substances soluble or swellable in water The amount is preferably 2 to 15% by weight based on the coated fertilizer.

On the other hand, at least an alkyd resin or wax and a substance soluble or swellable in water,
At least 1 selected from the group consisting of a material containing one kind of material, an outer layer of which is secondarily coated with waxes, and a surface of which is alkyd resin and a substance soluble or swellable in water.
In the case of multi-layer coated granular fertilizer tertiary-coated with a material containing various kinds of waxes, when the wax is added to the first layer, it is 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the coated fertilizer, and the second layer is coated fertilizer. 2 to 12% by weight is desirable.

When the amount of waxes is below these ranges, it is difficult to form a uniform film on the entire surface of the fertilizer, and the effect of suppressing elution is small. On the other hand, if the amount is more than this, the effect of suppressing elution is too large, and it becomes difficult to control the fertilizer effect, and the amount of the active ingredient of the fertilizer decreases, which is not preferable.

The alkyd resin used in the present invention is a polybasic acid such as phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride, a polyhydric alcohol such as pentaerythritol or glycerin, and a natural vegetable oil or vegetable fat or natural animal fat as a modifier. It may be a general one obtained by heat-condensation with and the kind thereof is not particularly limited.

The natural vegetable oil or vegetable fat is, for example,
Soybean oil, linseed oil, tung oil, surfflower oil, coconut oil, palm oil and the like can be mentioned. Examples of natural animal oils include beef tallow. The molecular weight is preferably in the range of 500 to 5,000. When the molecular weight is less than 500, the coating film formed by the reaction with the unsaturated oil becomes brittle and the curing and drying speed is slow, so that it takes a long time to form the coating film.

On the other hand, when the molecular weight exceeds 5,000, the viscosity becomes high and it becomes difficult to form a film efficiently and uniformly. Further, unsaturated oil having a conjugated double bond in the molecule, ester gum, and boil oil can be contained and used.

Examples of the unsaturated oil having a conjugated double bond in the molecule include tung oil and dehydrated castor oil. Tung oil is mainly composed of eleostearic acid having a conjugated double bond. Dehydrated castor oil contains a large amount of 9,11 linoleic acid having a conjugated double bond. These tung oil, dehydrated castor oil and the like can be used as they are or after purifying the target components.

These unsaturated oils have the effect of diluting the alkyd resin and lowering the viscosity, and themselves crosslink the unsaturated oils or with the alkyd resin in the presence of metal soap to form a resin (solidify).

As the metal soaps, naphthenic acids such as manganese, cobalt, zirconium, nickel, iron and lead or octylic acids can be usually used. For example, zirconium octylate, manganese naphthenate, cobalt octylate can be used alone or in a mixture thereof, and the amount thereof is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the alkyd resin and the unsaturated oil. If it is less than this, the reaction rate is slow, and if it is more than this, uniform film formation becomes difficult.

Estergal is rosin acid glycerin ester obtained by heating gum rosin, wood rosin, tall oil rosin and glycerin, polyglycerin, and glycerin pitch under normal pressure.

Boiled oil is obtained by heating a dry oil under normal pressure to give an appropriate consistency, decolorizing it and adding a desiccant to improve the drying property. The dry oil is linseed oil,
Examples include eno oil, tung oil, hemp oil, soybean oil, and sardine oil.

Alkyd in the case of a multi-layer coated granular fertilizer which is primarily coated with waxes and whose surface is secondarily coated with a material containing at least one selected from alkyd resins and substances soluble or swellable in water. The amount of resin added is preferably 4 to 10% by weight with respect to the coated fertilizer.

On the other hand, at least an alkyd resin or wax and a substance soluble or swellable in water,
At least 1 selected from the group consisting of a material containing one kind of material, an outer layer of which is secondarily coated with waxes, and a surface of which is alkyd resin and a substance soluble or swellable in water.
In the case of multi-layer coated granular fertilizer tertiary-coated with a material containing types, the amount of alkyd resin added is:
0.5 to 3% by weight of the coated fertilizer and 4 to 10% by weight of the third layer are desirable.

When the amount of the alkyd resin added is less than the above value, the waxes are not sufficiently coated and the waxes bleed on the surface during melting and softening treatment to cause blocking and the like. Moreover, beyond this, it is not economical.

As the substance soluble or swellable in water, surfactants, glycols such as ethylene glycol and derivatives thereof, polyolefin glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and derivatives thereof, isobutylene polymer, acrylic acid-vinyl Examples thereof include alcohol copolymers, starch graft polymers, starches and the like.

When the water-soluble or swellable resin is added to the secondary coating layer, it is preferably added in an amount of 0.2 to 10% by weight based on the alkyd resin. Below this level, there is almost no change in elution. In addition, above this, elution begins early and the so-called induction period is lost. When a substance soluble or swellable in water is added to the primary and tertiary coatings, the addition amount is 1 to 10% by weight of waxes in the primary coating and 0.2 to 7% by weight of alkyd resin in the tertiary coating. Is preferred.

The addition amount of the swelling resin is restricted within a range effective for uniform coating property and dispersibility on the fertilizer surface and for breaking the wax layer, and the above additions have no effect, and addition of more than that will have no effect. Not up.

The fertilizers to be coated in the present invention are usually used as simple fertilizers such as ammonium chloride, urea and potassium chloride, compound fertilizers such as NK chemical conversion, ammonium chloride phosphorus, phosphorus nitrate ammonium carbonate and granular organic fertilizers. Any of them is not particularly limited. Further, the coating method can also be used in various types such as a fluid type and a rotating drum.

Furthermore, the amount of waxes added is preferably 2 to 15% by weight with respect to the coated fertilizer. Below this, melting,
The effect of suppressing initial dissolution during softening is small. On the other hand, if it is more than this, the effect of suppressing elution is too large to control the fertilization effect sufficiently. Moreover, the coating temperature of the waxes is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or lower than the softening temperature of the waxes, but is usually 20 to 150 ° C., and in consideration of thermal energy, it is more economical to be close to room temperature. . The melting and softening temperature for the purpose of suppressing the initial dissolution is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the waxes, but optimally it is preferably 5 to 20 ° C. higher than the melting temperature.
Even if the temperature is higher than 20 ° C, it is not economical in terms of thermal energy.

The constitution of the present invention is based on waxes which suppress dissolution and a film forming technique thereof, and a technique which induces a film defect provided in the outermost layer and / or the innermost layer which controls dissolution.

Here, the relationship between the concept of fertilizer elution (start-up and control) and the mechanism of elution suppression will be described. First, the mechanism of elution control in the present invention is excellent in water resistance of waxes in the primary coating layer and permeation into the outermost alkyd resin layer by heating and melting treatment after coating the outermost layer of the alkyd resin system to cause porosity of the alkyd resin. It is created by the ripple effect that supplements the defects of the thermosetting resin.

That is, after the coating is formed, the wax is melted at the interface between the wax and the alkyd layer due to the permeation of the wax and the alkyd layer of the primary and secondary coating layers formed by heating above the melting point of the wax, and defects in the alkyd layer. Due to the synergistic effect of the repair, it becomes possible to suppress the elution and control the elution rate in the latter half.

The melting temperature in this case is 3 for waxes.
A region in which 0% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more is melted is desirable. When the amount is less than this range, the formation of a wax layer and the penetration of the wax into the outer layer are insufficient, and it is difficult to suppress elution.

On the other hand, the start-up of elution can be controlled by the defect and its degree provided in advance in the outermost layer. That is,
Infiltration of water (steam) into the fertilizer dissolves the fertilizer through a film defect provided in advance in the outermost layer and a part of the defect in the inner wax layer.

When the solution becomes a saturated solution, the elution to the outside of the membrane begins due to the difference in concentration between the inner and outer layers. A substance soluble in water or swelling (a kind of defect inducing agent) is put in the innermost layer in advance. If it is kept, elution is accelerated.

The elution control during this period is mainly governed by the amount of the defect inducing agent added. In the case of an expansion agent, the elution of fertilizer components from the wax layer is caused by the destruction of the membrane due to the expansion, but since the waxes have a relatively small compressive strength, this expansion pressure does not reach the outermost alkyd layer. , Stay in the wax layer stage.

Therefore, the elution control after the start of elution can also be controlled by the outermost alkyd layer. That is,
It is possible to perform three-step control including suppression of elution / start-up / control after start-up. As specific control means, waxes, types of thermosetting resin such as alkyd, control of film thickness,
The type and amount of the defect-inducing agent can be used, or the temperature can be controlled by the heat treatment at the final stage, the wax film formation, the treatment temperature and time that control the permeability.

In the present invention, the method of coating the granular fertilizer can be carried out by a known method of bringing into a fluid or rolling state. For example, it can be brought into a fluid state by a fluidizing device or a spray fluidizing device, and can be brought into a rolling state by a rotating pan, a rotating drum or the like.

Further, the heat treatment after coating is not particularly limited as long as it is a device capable of heating, but in order to bring the primary coating layer and / or the secondary coating layer into a molten or softened state, the coating layer is heated. In terms of eliminating the thickness deviation, it is preferable that the material is in a fluid or rolling state.

The method of adding the coating material in the present invention is as follows.
If it can be efficiently dispersed and added, it can be carried out without spraying or dropping. Generally, spray addition with a two-fluid nozzle using air is preferred.

[0043]

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. Example 1 The average particle diameter was 3.3 mm in a fluidized bed coating apparatus with a tower diameter of 10 cm.
800 g of urea was charged, and hot air was blown from the bottom at 70 m ³ / Hr to flow and keep the temperature at 70 ° C.

On the other hand, paraffin wax (melting point = 75.4 ° C.) heated to 85 ° C. from above is sprayed at a coating temperature of 60 ° C. using a two-fluid nozzle at a rate of 1.2 g / min to give a uniform film thickness. Primary coated granular fertilizer was obtained (coverage = about 6
weight%). Then, alkyd resin heated to 60 ° C from the top (60% soybean oil-modified alkyd resin 30%, rosin acid glycerin ester 15%, tung oil 30%, boil oil 20%, metal soap 3%, anti-skinning agent 2%) And a super absorbent resin (Aqua Keep 10SH manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.) were sprayed at a rate of 1.7 g / min using a two-fluid nozzle to obtain a secondary coated granular fertilizer having a constant film thickness (covering rate). = About 8
%). After the completion of the secondary coating, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. with hot air, a melting treatment was performed for 20 minutes, and then the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a target coated fertilizer. The obtained coated fertilizer was subjected to a nitrogen (N) dissolution test. The mixing ratio of the alkyd resin and the highly water-absorbent resin is shown in Table 1.

The results are shown in Table 2. To measure the dissolution rate, put the coated granular fertilizer in a certain amount of water and
After leaving for a certain period of time in the constant temperature bath, the fertilizer and the solution are separated, and the nitrogen content eluted in water is quantitatively determined.

[0046]

[Table 1]

[0047]

[Table 2]

Example 2, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 A fluidized bed coating apparatus having a tower diameter of 10 cm and an average particle diameter of 3.3 mm was used.
800 g of urea was charged, and hot air was blown from the bottom at 70 m ³ / Hr to flow and keep the temperature at 70 ° C.

On the other hand, alkyd resin (60% soybean oil modified alkyd 30%, rosin acid glycerin ester 15%, tung oil 30%, boil 20) heated to 60 ° C. from above.
%, Metal soap 3%, anti-skinning agent 2%) and a highly water-absorbent resin (Aquakeep 10SH manufactured by Sumitomo Seika) are sprayed at a coating temperature of 70 ° C. at a rate of 1.7 g / min,
A primary-coated granular fertilizer having a constant film thickness was obtained (coverage = about 1% by weight).

After completion of the primary coating, paraffin wax (melting point = 75.4 ° C.) heated to 85 ° C. was sprayed from the top at a coating temperature of 60 ° C. at a rate of 1.2 g / min using a two-fluid nozzle to give a constant film. A thick secondary coated granular fertilizer was obtained (coverage = about 6% by weight).

After completion of the secondary coating, the alkyd resin (60% soybean oil-modified alkyd 30%, rosin acid glycerin ester 15%, tung oil 30) was further heated to 60 ° C. from above.
%, Boil 20%, metal soap 3%, anti-skin agent 2%)
And super absorbent resin (Aqua Keep 10S manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.)
The mixture of H) was sprayed at a coating temperature of 70 ° C. at a rate of 1.7 g / min to obtain a tertiary-coated granular fertilizer having a constant film thickness (coverage = about 8% by weight).

After completion of the third coating, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. with hot air, and
After performing the melting treatment for 0 minutes, the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain the target coated fertilizer. The obtained coated fertilizer was subjected to a nitrogen (N) dissolution test. The mixing ratio of the highly water-absorbent resin in the tertiary coating layer was fixed to 2.0% by weight with respect to the alkyd resin as shown in Table 3 (other than 2.0% by weight was used as a comparative example). Table 3 shows the mixing ratio of the alkyd resin and the highly water-absorbent resin used in the primary coating. The results are shown in Table 4. The dissolution test is in accordance with Example 1.

[0053]

[Table 3]

[0054]

[Table 4]

Examples 3, Comparative Examples 3 and 4 A fluidized bed coating apparatus having a tower diameter of 10 cm has an average particle diameter of 3.3 mm.
800 g of urea was charged, and hot air was blown from the bottom at 70 m ³ / Hr to flow and keep the temperature at 70 ° C.

On the other hand, paraffin wax (melting point = 75.4 ° C.) heated to 85 ° C. from above and a highly water-absorbent resin (manufactured by Co., Ltd.)
A mixture of Sumitomo Seika Aqua Keep 10SH) was sprayed at a coating temperature of 60 ° C using a two-fluid nozzle at a rate of 1.2 g / min to obtain a primary coated granular fertilizer with a constant film thickness (coverage = about 1). 0.5% by weight).

After completion of the primary coating, paraffin wax (melting point = 75.4 ° C.) heated to 85 ° C. from above is sprayed at a coating temperature of 60 ° C. at a rate of 1.2 g / min using a two-fluid nozzle to give a constant film. A thick secondary coated granular fertilizer was obtained (coverage = about 5.5% by weight).

After completion of the secondary coating, the alkyd resin (60% soybean oil-modified alkyd 30%, rosin acid glycerin ester 15%, tung oil 30) was further heated to 60 ° C. from above.
%, Boil 20%, metal soap 3%, anti-skin agent 2%)
And super absorbent resin (Aqua Keep 10S manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.)
The mixture of H) was sprayed at a coating temperature of 70 ° C. using a two-fluid nozzle at a rate of 1.7 g / min to obtain a tertiary-coated granular fertilizer having a constant film thickness (coverage = about 8% by weight).

After completion of the third coating, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C. with hot air, and
After performing the melting treatment for 0 minutes, the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain the target coated fertilizer. The obtained coated fertilizer was subjected to a nitrogen (N) dissolution test. The mixing ratio of the highly water-absorbent resin in the tertiary coating layer was fixed to 2.0% by weight with respect to the alkyd resin as shown in Table 5 (other than 2.0% by weight was used as a comparative example). Table 5 shows the mixing ratio of the paraffin wax and the highly water-absorbent resin used for the primary coating. The results are shown in Table 6.
The dissolution test is in accordance with Example 1.

[0060]

[Table 5]

[0061]

[Table 6]

[0062]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-111014, primary coating with waxes followed by secondary coating with alkyd resin etc., the resulting coated granular fertilizer is further melted and softened to cause blocking. A method for repairing defects between particles spray-adhered without being disclosed was disclosed, but the method was not always satisfactory in terms of a coated granular fertilizer capable of supplying nutrients at a necessary and proper time. Therefore, by mixing an alkyd resin or an alkyd resin and waxes with a substance that is soluble or swellable in water, and by further melting and softening the waxes, the initial elution can be suppressed lower than that of the conventional method and the dissolution can be prevented after the elution is started. A coated granular fertilizer capable of supplying nutrients required in a necessary timely period of the crop, which is rapid and the dissolution is surely completed without a large decrease in the latter period of the dissolution period, was obtained.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) Reference JP-A-7-315975 (JP, A) JP-A-6-191980 (JP, A) JP-A-6-56567 (JP, A) JP-A-6- 87684 (JP, A) JP-A-2-275792 (JP, A) JP-A-63-147888 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C05G 3/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. The surface of a granular fertilizer is primarily coated with waxes, and the surface thereof is secondarily coated with a material containing at least one selected from alkyd resins and substances soluble or swellable in water. A multi-layer coated granular fertilizer characterized by being obtained by melting or softening a primary coating material. 2. Addition of a substance which is 2 to 15% by weight of the primary coating material with respect to the coated fertilizer and 4 to 10% by weight of the alkyd resin of the secondary coating material with respect to the coated fertilizer and which is soluble or swellable in water. 0.2 to 10% by weight based on alkyd resin
The multilayer coated granular fertilizer according to claim 1, which is 3. The surface of the granular fertilizer is primarily coated with a material containing at least one selected from alkyd resins or waxes and substances soluble or swellable in water, and its outer layer is secondarily coated with waxes. Further, the surface thereof is tertiary-coated with a material containing at least one selected from alkyd resins and substances soluble or swellable in water, and then the primary coating material and / or the secondary coating material is melted or softened. A multi-layer coated granular fertilizer characterized by: 4. The alkyd resin or wax in the primary coating material is 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the coated fertilizer, and the amount of the substance soluble or swelling in water is 1 to 10 relative to the alkyd resin or wax. % By weight, the secondary coating material is 2 to 12% by weight with respect to the coated fertilizer, the alkyd resin of the tertiary coating material is 4 to 10% by weight with respect to the coated fertilizer, and the addition amount of the substance soluble or swelling in water is The multilayer coated granular fertilizer according to claim 3, which is 0.2 to 7% by weight based on the alkyd resin. 5. An alkyd resin of the outermost coating layer and / or an alkyd resin of the innermost coating layer or at least one selected from substances soluble in water or swelling in waxes.
A material containing a kind is added, wherein the material is added.
The multilayer coated granular fertilizer described.