JP3451336B2 - Drainage material for civil engineering - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drainage material for civil engineering which is used by being buried in the system for discharging water that has permeated into the system of civil engineering equipment to the outside of the system. In particular, the present invention relates to a drainage material for civil engineering, which is suitable for laying a drainage structure by embedding a pavement layer on the upper surface of a waterproof layer (waterproof sheet) in a road bridge such as a bridge or viaduct.

Here, a road bridge will be mainly described as an example of the civil engineering equipment, but the drainage structure on the lower surface of the pavement layer of a road surface pavement on a normal road, and also on the embankment for roads, track foundations, etc. However, the drainage material of the present invention is applicable.

[0003]

BACKGROUND ART A general structure of a road bridge will be described with reference to FIGS.

A waterproof sheet (waterproof layer) 14 is formed on a foundation roadbed 12 having edge convex strips (ground cover portions) 13 on both sides, and a base layer 16 and a surface layer 18 are formed on the waterproof layer 14. A paving slab (asphalt or concrete) 20 is applied. Then, in order to absorb the expansion and contraction of the pavement plate due to the temperature change, the pavement plate 20 is provided with horizontal joints 22 at intervals of about 20 to 30 m.

Further, in order to drain the water on the pavement plate 20, the following drainage structure is laid.

That is, drainage basins 26 to which the drainage pipes 24 are connected at the bottom are formed near both sides of the lateral joint 22 and, if necessary, at the center. The water stored on the upper surface of the pavement plate 20 flows along the edge convex portions (ground cover portions) 13 or the lateral joints (joints) 22 formed on both sides of the foundation roadbed 12 so that the water flows in. There is.

In addition, it is desirable that the water that has permeated between the paving slab 20 and the waterproof layer 14 be discharged quickly and smoothly, although it is a small amount. When water stays between the pavement plate 20 and the waterproof layer 14, damage to the pavement plate 20 (including corrosion of reinforcing materials such as steel and rebar if they are buried) is easily promoted, and in the coldest place in the winter season, cracking the pavement 20 osmosis water is frozen, in extreme cases,
This is because there is a risk of uplift or depression.

Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drainage means 23 made of spiral steel is provided on the waterproof layer 14 along the intermediate portion of the seam 22 and the edge ridges 13 on the paving slab 20.
It is proposed that the base layer 16 be embedded in the base layer.

However, even in the case of the above structure, the drainage cross section is small and the drainage capacity is not always sufficient because the drainage is performed along the spiral steel, and the spiral steel is a metal and has a high heat transfer coefficient. Water attached to spiral steel easily freezes.

That is, it was difficult to sufficiently solve the above-mentioned problems that occur when water is retained between the pavement plate 20 and the waterproof layer 14.

In view of the above, the present invention provides a drainage material for civil engineering capable of quickly and smoothly discharging water that has penetrated between waterproof layers through a paving slab, and can completely prevent freezing in winter. The purpose is to provide.

[0012]

A drainage material for civil engineering according to the present invention solves the above problems by the following constitution.

A drainage material for civil engineering, which is used by being buried in a system for discharging water that has permeated into the system of civil engineering equipment to the outside of the system, wherein the drainage material is drawn by a large number of hydrophilic linear bodies. A string-shaped body formed by being aligned or twisted, infiltrating water from the surface side, and configured to move the water in the gap between the hydrophilic linear bodies toward the outside of the system, A linear heater is embedded and held along the longitudinal direction of the string-shaped body.

In the above description, as one aspect of the present invention, the hydrophilic linear body is made of inorganic fiber, and the strand bundle in which the shape of the string-like body is aligned is unsolvable when embedded in the system and has an outer peripheral surface. Can be held by a binding member so that water can pass through.

As another aspect of the present invention, the hydrophilic linear body may be an inorganic fiber and / or a polar organic fiber, and the cord-like body may be a rope or rope material. .

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on an embodiment.

The drainage material for civil engineering of the present invention is used by being buried in the system of the civil engineering equipment in order to discharge the water permeated into the system. Here, the civil engineering equipment includes the above-mentioned road bridge and the embankment of roads and track foundations. Here, the above-mentioned road bridge will be mainly described as an example.

The drainage material 32 is basically composed of a string-like body 36 formed by aligning or twisting a large number of hydrophilic linear bodies 34, and allows water to enter from the surface side, It is configured to move water in the gap between the hydrophilic linear members 34 toward the outside of the system. The linear heater 38 is embedded and held along the longitudinal direction of the string-like body 36.

The linear heater 38 is not particularly limited as long as it has flexibility and water resistance, and has heat resistance when embedded in the pavement plate 20. Specifically, a product marketed by Ozeki Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. under the trade name of "paraline heater" can be used. As shown in FIG. 7, the structure is such that a linear resistance heating element 52 such as graphite is covered with a heat resistant fiber 54 such as aromatic polyamide (aramid) fiber, and further, ethylene propylene rubber or polyurethane rubber, It is reinforced by one or more layers with a heat resistant polymer material 56 such as PVC.

One embodiment of the drainage material 32 used in the present invention is
As shown in FIG. 4, a string-like body 36 made of a strand bundle (glass fiber bundle) in which hydrophilic hydrophilic bodies 34 are aligned is unsolvable when embedded in the base layer 16 of the paving slab 20, and the outer peripheral surface is water-permeable. It is held by the binding member 27 as much as possible. Here, the binding member 27 may be a metal wire or a string, but from the viewpoint of protecting the outer peripheral surface of the glass fiber bundle 36, the flexible tubular body 27 is preferable. That is, the glass fiber bundle 36 is filled and held in the flexible tubular body 27.

The reason for aligning the glass fiber bundles is to form capillaries between the fibers (including thread-like ones). Also, glass fiber is used,
The solubility parameter (SP value) is higher than that of metal, the wettability to water (hydrophilicity) is high, the rigidity is high, the heat resistance is high, and hot asphalt that forms the paving plate 20 from a dump or the like is dropped. This is also because there is no risk of the capillaries being blocked by the impact of the dropping, and there is no risk of being affected by asphalt heat. By the way, the rigidity of glass is about 2.5 × 10 ¹¹ dyn / cm ² (2.5 ×
To 10 ⁶ N / cm ²⁾ is of a, nylon-66 is a representative polymeric material polar fibers is about 1.22 × ¹⁰ 10 dyn /
cm ² (1.22 × 10 ⁴ N / cm ² ), the rigidity of glass is nearly 20 times higher than that of polar polymers (Tsurutaro Nakagawa “Rheology 2nd Edition” 1978-2-23, Iwanami Shoten) , P. 39, Table 2.1).

An inorganic fiber bundle having a rigidity equivalent to that of glass fiber may be used instead of the glass fiber bundle, but it is expensive and has a problem in hydrophilicity such as carbon fiber. Therefore, glass fiber is preferable.

As the glass fibers (or yarns) constituting the glass fiber bundle, long fibers are usually used, but short fibers may be spun. And the thickness of the glass fiber or the glass yarn which is a direct element of the fiber bundle is 0.5 to 1
00 μm, preferably 1 to 50 μm, and more preferably 5 to 30 μm. In particular, a bulky glass fiber yarn is preferable from the viewpoint of handleability.

If the thickness of the glass fibers is too thin, the capillaries become too thin, which tends to cause problems in water permeability, that is, drainage, and makes alignment difficult. Also, 0.
Those having a thickness of 5 μm or less are difficult to manufacture. On the other hand, when the thickness of the glass fiber is too thick, the flexibility of the glass fiber bundle is impaired, that is, the flexibility of the drainage material is impaired, and the handling property of the drainage material is likely to occur.

The glass fiber bundle 36 has a volume filling ratio of 10 to 80%, preferably 10 to 10 with respect to the flexible tubular body 27.
It is held in the flexible tubular body 27 so as to be 50%. The glass fiber bundle 36 is held in the flexible tubular body 27 so that when the specific gravity of the drainage material (total) is replaced, it becomes 0.2 to 1, and preferably 0.3 to 0.6. If the volume filling rate is too high, the drainage efficiency is reduced and the flexibility of the drainage material is reduced, which is not desirable from the viewpoint of handleability of the drainage material. On the other hand, if the volume filling rate is too low, problems tend to occur in the retention of the glass fiber bundle and the base layer 16 of the pavement plate 20.
When buried in, the cross section is deformed by earth pressure, and it is not desirable from the viewpoint of drainage efficiency to become a flat (close to a linear cross section) oval cross section.

At this time, the diameter of the flexible tubular body 27, that is, the drainage material 32 varies depending on the required drainage capacity between the pavement plate 20 and the waterproof layer 14, but is usually 5 to 200 mm, preferably 10 mm. ~ 100 mm If the diameter is too large, it is difficult to manufacture, and it becomes a foreign substance when buried, which may adversely affect the strength of the pavement slab 20. On the other hand, if the diameter is too small, it may be deformed or damaged by hot asphalt or the like dumped from a dump truck or the like when buried. When the drainage material 32 is too thin and may be deformed or damaged, the drainage material 32 may be bundled and used as described later.

The flexible tubular body 27 is not particularly limited as long as it can maintain the bundle form of the glass fiber bundle 36, and the yarn (fiber) is braided (braiding), knitted (knitting), It is optional such as spiral winding. That is, while pulling out the rolled glass fiber bundle 36, the yarn is unwound from the bobbin of the braiding machine, the knitting machine, or the spiral winding machine to form the flexible tubular body 27.

The area aperture ratio of the flexible tubular body 27 is
30% or more, preferably 50 to 80%. If the aperture ratio is small, the water permeability is adversely affected, and if the aperture ratio is too high, the protective action of the glass fiber bundle 36 is deteriorated.

Further, a tape body having water permeability or hydrophilicity is wound tightly (unsuitable when water is not passed) or roughly spirally wound, or a cloth body having water permeability is formed by fusion or adhesion. You may.

Fibers (threads) forming the flexible tubular body
When the heat resistance is not so required as for embankment, the polar organic fiber having hydrophilicity may be used. However, the glass fiber (thread) has hydrophilicity, strength, heat resistance, and pavement. It is desirable because there is no risk of environmental pollution when the plate is removed.

As the polar fiber, a polyamide type,
Various synthetic fibers such as polyester and polyvinyl alcohol, and various natural fibers such as hemp, cotton and silk can be preferably used. As the polyamide-based material, aliphatic polyamides such as nylon-66, aromatic polyamides such as Kevlar or Nomex, and those based on alicyclic polyamides can be used.

As the above glass fibers, those used for the glass fiber bundle can be preferably used.

In the above description, a glass fiber bundle is used as an example of the aligned strand bundle. However, when heat resistance and pressure resistance are not so required, the strand bundle is made of polar organic fiber or resin. You may.
This is because it is not necessary to consider that the capillaries are blocked due to a dropping impact or a thermal effect. For example, aliphatic polyamide,
Synthetic fibers or resins made of hydrophilic polymers such as aromatic polyamide, polyester, and vinylon (Poval) can be preferably used.

Here, when the strand is formed by using the synthetic fiber, the thickness of the synthetic fiber and the mode of forming the strand are substantially the same as those of the glass fiber.

When a strand is formed by extruding a synthetic resin, its thickness is 0.1 to 2 mm, preferably 0.2 to 1 mm, depending on the required pressure resistance and drainage performance.
An extruded rod (extruded string) extruded to have the same thickness may be used.

The above-mentioned embodiment is preferable as the drainage material 32. However, as shown in FIG. 5, a twisted child made of inorganic fibers and / or polar organic fibers as the cord-like body 36 and capable of passing water in a capillary manner. You may use what was formed with the rope material or rope material. In the illustrated example, six child ropes 39 are twisted around the linear heater 38, but the invention is not limited to that shown in the drawing, and the rope structure, and further the braided structure (child rope) Are crossed with each other.).

As the above-mentioned inorganic fiber, glass fiber can be preferably used, but other inorganic fiber having poor hydrophilicity and polar organic fiber are mixed and formed (in single yarn / launder unit) for use. You may. As the polar organic fiber, those mentioned above can be preferably used.

The drainage material 32, as shown in FIGS.
It is used by embedding it in the base layer 16 of the pavement plate 20 in the same manner as the spiral steel (drainage means) described above.

At this time, the disposing pitch of the drainage material 32 is 1 to 5 m, though it depends on the required drainage capacity and the like.

As shown in FIG. 6, of course, it may be embedded in the embankment 42 for use.

For example, it is sequentially arranged at predetermined heights in a mesh shape in the vertical and horizontal directions, and embankment is sequentially carried out. Normally, the vertical drainage material 32B is placed on the horizontal drainage material 32A.
Then, at least both ends in the lateral direction are projected from the slope 44 of the embankment 42 to serve as drainage ports 46. Vertical direction 32
If B also has a slope on the longitudinal direction side, one end may also be projected on the longitudinal direction side to form a drainage port (not shown).
In the figure, 48 is a concrete block and 50 is a drainage pavement.

In any of the above cases, it is desirable that the linear heaters 38 be wired in parallel. This is because the failure location can be easily identified, and if a failure occurs, only partial repair is required. Further, the linear heater 38 is automatically energized by the control panel when the outside air temperature reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, −5 ° C. or lower).

Next, the mode of use of the above embodiment will be described taking the case of a road bridge as an example.

The water that has penetrated between the pavement slab 20 and the waterproof layer 14 gathers in the drainage material 32 having a capillary action, receives the capillary action, and flows from the end portion 13 of the drainage material 32 to the drainage basin 26. ,
Further, the water is drained to the outside of the civil engineering equipment (road bridge) through the drainage pipe 24.

At this time, the cross-section of the drainage material 32, which is the drainage means, is remarkably larger than that of the conventional spiral steel, and the accumulated water is collected by the capillary action, so that the amount of water flow is secured and smooth. Draining is possible.

Further, in a temperature environment where the water adhering to the drainage material freezes, by energizing the heater, the freezing can be surely prevented, and the water does not stay due to the freezing.

[0047]

The action and effect of the present invention is as follows.
The drainage material is composed of a string-like body formed by aligning or twisting a large number of hydrophilic linear bodies, water is allowed to enter from the surface side, and the water is made to flow through the gaps between the hydrophilic linear bodies. In the structure configured to be moved outward, the following operation / effect is achieved by the structure in which the linear heater is embedded and held along the longitudinal direction of the string-shaped body.

The cross section of the drainage material, which is the drainage means, is significantly larger than that of the conventional spiral steel, and since the accumulated water is collected by the capillary action, the flow rate is secured and the drainage is quick and smooth. Is possible.

Further, in a temperature environment where the water adhering to the drainage material freezes, by energizing the heater, the freezing can be surely prevented and the water does not stay due to the freezing.

[0050] Thus, pavement can rapid elimination permeated water during the waterproof layer through, moreover, can be completely prevented freezing in winter.

Therefore, in a severe cold region in winter,
There is no risk of permeated water freezing and cracking of the pavement 20, and in extreme cases, swelling or depression. As a side effect, road surface freezing in winter can be prevented, and in particular, by partially burying the road surface on road bridges, passways, and tunnel paving slabs, not only the pavement surface damage, It also greatly contributes to the prevention of slip accidents.

When it is used by embedding it in the embankment,
This has the effect of reliably preventing partial uplift and the like due to freezing of the embankment.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial plan view of a road bridge suitable for applying the drainage material of the present invention.

2 is a schematic end view taken along line 2-2 of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic end view taken along line 3-3 of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the drainage material of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the drainage material of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a drainage structure of an embankment to which the drainage material of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 7 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a linear heater used for the drainage material of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

12 foundation roadbed 14 Waterproof layer (waterproof sheet) 16 Base layer of pavement 20 Pavement version 23 Drainage means 32 drainage material 34 Hydrophilic linear bodies 35 glass fiber bundle (strand bundle) 37 binding member (flexible tubular body) 38 Linear heater 42 Embankment 50 drainage pavement

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A drainage material for civil engineering, which is used by being buried in a system for draining water that has penetrated into the system of civil engineering equipment to the outside of the system, wherein the drainage material is a large number of hydrophilic linear materials. and the body is aligned pull
Consists held by tie members form made the string-like body, from the surface side to penetrate the water, in which is configured to the water to move the gap of the hydrophilic linear body out of the system direction , The string-shaped body is made by aligning glass fibers or glass threads.
The trunk bundle cannot be unraveled when it is buried in the soil, and
A drainage material for civil engineering , which is held by a water-permeable flexible tubular body, and in which a linear heater is embedded and held along the longitudinal direction of the string-shaped body. 2. Glass of the strands of the strand bundle
The drainage material for civil engineering according to claim 1, wherein the fiber or the glass thread has a thickness of 1 to 50 µm .