JP3349974B2 - caisson - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a caisson used as a substructure or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 8 shows an example of such a conventional type.

[0003] That is, the caisson 1 has a cylindrical caisson body 2, and a work room slab 3 is provided at a lower portion inside the caisson body 2, and a work room slab 3 is provided below the work room slab 3. 4 are formed.

[0004] Above the work chamber slab 3, a man shaft 5 for raising and lowering a worker is erected. Above the man shaft 5, a man lock 6 for the worker to enter and leave is provided. The man lock 6 is a steel high-pressure container, and a lower hatch 6a is provided between the man lock 6 and the man shaft 5, and an entrance door 6b is provided between the man lock 5 and the outside.・ Decompression is performed.

A material shaft 7 for raising excavated earth and sand is provided upright from the work chamber slab 3 separately from the manshaft 5, and a material for discharging excavated earth and sand is provided above the material shaft 7. Lock 8
Is provided. The material lock 8 is a steel high-pressure container. A lower hatch 8a is provided between the material lock 8 and the material shaft 7, and an upper hatch 8b is provided between the material lock 8 and the outside. .

[0006] In such a thing, the man lock 6
With the lower hatch 6a closed, the vehicle enters the man lock 6 at atmospheric pressure from the entrance door 6b, and then the lower hatch 6a
Is closed, and high-pressure air is supplied into the man lock 6 from an air supply pipe (not shown) to increase the air pressure in the air chamber 19. When the air pressure in the man lock 6 is balanced with the air pressure in the work chamber 4, the lower hatch 6a is opened, and the vehicle descends to the work chamber 4 under high-pressure air through a ramp or a spiral stair not shown. Thereafter, excavation work is performed in the work room 4, the excavated excavated earth and sand is loaded on the earth and sand bucket 9, and the earth and sand bucket 9 is lifted up by a lifting equipment (not shown) through the wire 10 and is moved inside the material shaft 7. Through the material lock 8 to reduce the pressure in the upper hatch 8b.
From the caisson 1 to the outside.

By pressurizing the inside of the working chamber 4 as described above, it is possible to prevent water from entering the working chamber 4 and the like.

[0008]

However, in such a conventional apparatus, the worker enters the upper man lock 6 from the work chamber 4 by using the inside of the high and narrow man shaft 5 under high pressure. Must be climbed through a ramp or a spiral stair (not shown), which places a heavy burden on the operator. In addition, during pressurization and depressurization in the man lock 6, it is not possible to enter the work chamber 4 at any time, and it is not possible to enter the man lock 6 until pressurization and decompression is completed. Therefore, the waiting time is wasted.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a caisson that does not require a worker to move up and down the shaft under high pressure and does not require much standby time.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a work chamber slab is provided at a lower portion inside a cylindrical caisson body, and a work chamber slab is provided below the work chamber slab. A communication chamber and a plurality of pressurized and depressurized gas chambers are formed adjacent to each other with a partition wall therebetween on the upper side of the work chamber slab. And the chamber is communicated via a hatch provided in the working chamber slab,
The bladder chamber and the communication chamber are communicated via a pneumatic door,
The communication room may be a caisson provided with a shaft on which a worker can move up and down.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the first aspect, the air chamber is formed integrally with the caisson body.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first or second aspect, the communication room is disposed at a substantially central portion of the work chamber slab, and the plurality of communication rooms are arranged around the communication room. It is characterized in that a gland compartment is arranged.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to third aspects, a lifting device is disposed in the shaft.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[First Embodiment of the Invention] FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention.

First, the structure will be described.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a caisson serving as a substructure.
Has a square caisson frame 12 made of concrete, a work chamber slab 13 is formed on the bottom side of the caisson frame 12, and an upper slab 14 is integrally formed above the work chamber slab 13. It has a double structure. Below the work room slab 13 is a work room 1 in which excavation work is performed.
5 is formed, and a water storage section 16 for applying a water load is formed above the upper slab 14.

In the space between the two slabs 13 and 14, as shown in FIG.
Are formed integrally, and a pair of vertical partition walls 18 are formed integrally with the caisson frame 12 between the two horizontal partition walls 17. By this, two places on both sides, the glaucoma 19,
In addition, one communication room 20 is provided at the center,
Are formed adjacent to each other.

The working room slab 13 of the communication room 20
A steel or concrete shaft 21 extends upward from the center of the shaft 21 through the upper slab 14, and a lower end of the shaft 21 has a communication room side entrance 21 a which enters and exits the communication room 20. A spiral staircase 21c is arranged in the shaft 21 as a "elevating device", and an external entrance 21b is formed in the upper part. It is needless to say that the “elevating device” may be an elevator, a ramp or the like.

Further, the communication room 20 and the air chambers 1 on both sides are provided.
9, a pneumatic door 22 is provided on each of the vertical partition walls 18, and a manhole 23 is formed in the work chamber slab 13 between the glaucoma 19 and the work chamber 15.
A hatch 24 for opening and closing the manhole 23 is provided. In each of these chambers 19, the other chambers 19
Irrespective of the pressurizing and depressurizing operations in the above, pressurizing and depressurizing operations can be performed independently.

Further, the communication room 20 and the bladder room 19
In a part other than the above, a pair of material shafts 25 for discharging excavated earth and sand are provided upright from the work chamber slab 13, and a material lock 26 for performing pressurization and decompression is provided on the upper part of the material shaft 25. ing. The material lock 26 is a steel high-pressure container, and a lower hatch 26 a is provided between the material lock 26 and the material shaft 25.
On the top, there is a double hatch hatch between the outside and the outside.
6b is provided.

Then, the earth and sand bucket 27 on which the excavated earth and sand is loaded is lifted up by the lifting equipment (not shown) through the wire 28 and passes through the inside of the material shaft 25.
The pressure inside the material lock 26 is reduced and the material is discharged from the upper hatch 26b to the outside of the caisson 11.

Next, the working procedure will be described.

First, a case where a worker enters the working chamber 15 under high pressure will be described.

The hatch 24 of the working chamber slab 13 is closed, and the pressure in the working chamber 15 is shut off from the outside by the hatch 24.

In this state, the worker descends on the spiral staircase 21 c inside the shaft 21 to the communication room 20, opens the compressed air door 22 and enters the air chamber 19. At this time, the bladder chamber 19 is in an atmospheric pressure state.

Thereafter, the pneumatic door 22 is closed and the air chamber 19 is closed.
High-pressure air is supplied from an air supply pipe (not shown) to increase the air pressure in the air chamber 19.

When the air pressure in the chamber 19 is balanced with the air pressure in the working chamber 15, the hatch 24 of the working chamber slab 13 is opened and the worker enters the working chamber 15.

The excavated earth and sand excavated by manpower or an excavating machine in the work room 15 is loaded into the earth and sand bucket 27 in the same manner as in the prior art, and discharged to the outside of the caisson 11 through the material shaft 25 and the material lock 26.

Next, the case where the work chamber 15 comes out under the atmospheric pressure will be described. Glaucoma 1 with pneumatic door 22 closed
The hatch 24 of FIG. 9 is opened, the work chamber 15 is entered into the bladder chamber 19, and then the hatch 24 is closed.

Then, the high-pressure air is gradually exhausted to reduce the pressure until the pressure in the chamber 19 is balanced with the atmospheric pressure from an exhaust pipe (not shown). When equilibrium is reached, the pneumatic door 22 is opened and the pneumatic door 22 is brought out to the communication room 20 under atmospheric pressure.

Thereafter, the worker enters the inside of the shaft 21 through the communication room side entrance 21a, goes up the spiral staircase 21c in the shaft 21, and exits through the outside entrance 21b. At this time, the spiral staircase 2 is kept under high pressure as in the conventional case.
Since it is not necessary to go above 1c, the burden on the worker can be reduced.

In such a case, the plurality of chambers 19 are independent of each other. Since it is not affected by the pressurizing and depressurizing operations of the other air chambers 19, a large number of people can enter and leave the working chamber 15 at one time, and there is no waste of the pressurizing and depressurizing time.
At the time of pressure reduction, by using a plurality of gas chambers 19, the pressure reduction time of each of the gas chambers 19 can be set according to the entry time of each worker.

Further, in the prior art, if a plurality of man locks 6 and man shafts 5 are provided, a large number of workers can enter and exit by using the man locks 6 and the man shafts 5, and the working efficiency can be improved. The structure is more complicated than the one described above. That is, according to the present invention, even when a plurality of air chambers 19 corresponding to the conventional man lock 6 are formed,
One shaft 21 may be provided, but conventionally, the man shafts 5 must be provided according to the number of man locks 6, and the structure becomes complicated.

Each of the bladders 19 is a caisson frame 1
2, the volume can be made cheaper and larger than the conventional manlock 6 unlike the conventional steel manlock 6, so that gentle pressurization and decompression can be performed. The capacity per person is increased, and a spacious space can be secured. In addition, since the air chamber 19 is made of concrete, the air chamber 19 is made of concrete.
The temperature rise during pressurization and the temperature drop during decompression can be moderated. As described above, since gentle pressurization / decompression, temperature change, and a spacious space can be secured, the burden on the worker's body is small.

Further, since the air chamber 19 is formed in a part of the caisson body 12, the cost of equipment damage and the like is reduced as compared with the conventional case where the manlock 6 is separately provided, and the cost is reduced. With fewer mechanical components,
There is less trouble and maintenance.

Further, as the excavation and settlement of the caisson 11 progresses, it is necessary to change the outfitting such as adding the shaft 21. Unlike the conventional method, it is not necessary to attach and detach the heavy manlock 6 every time this outfitting is performed. There is no need to use a crane.

Second Embodiment FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, the caisson frame 12 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the caisson frame 12 is formed with the partition wall 33 to form the communication room 20 at the center and the communication room 20 Groom 19 and Hall 3 around
4 and 3 are alternately formed.

A shaft 21 made of steel or concrete is extended upward from the center of the communication room 20. Inside the shaft 21, a guide rail 35 and a guide rail An elevator 36 that moves up and down along 35 is provided. Of course, this "elevating device" may be a spiral staircase or a ramp.

A pneumatic door 22 is provided on a partition wall 33 between the communication room 20 and each of the air chambers 19, and a work room between the air chamber 19 and the work room 15 is provided. A manhole 23 is formed in the slab 13, and a hatch 24 that opens and closes the manhole 23 is provided. In each of these chambers 19, the pressurizing and depressurizing operations can be performed independently of the pressurizing and depressurizing operations in the other chambers 19.

Further, a material shaft 25 is provided upright from the work chamber slab 13 in the hole 34, and a material lock 26 for discharging excavated earth and sand is provided above the material shaft. This material lock 26 is a steel high-pressure vessel,
Lower hatch 26a between material shaft 25,
In addition, an upper hatch 26b is provided at an upper portion between the upper hatch 26b and the outside.

Then, the earth and sand bucket 27 on which the excavated earth and sand are loaded is lifted up by the lifting equipment (not shown) through the wire 28 and passes through the inside of the material shaft 25.
The pressure inside the material lock 26 is reduced and the material is discharged from the upper hatch 26b to the outside of the caisson 11.

Other structures and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore, the description will be omitted.

[Third Embodiment of the Invention] FIGS. 6 and 7 show a third embodiment of the present invention.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, a shaft 39 having a larger diameter than the above embodiments is erected from the center of the working chamber slab 13 upward through the upper slab 14, and The communication chamber 20 is formed in the center by a partition wall 39a at a lower portion (between the working chamber slab 13 and the upper slab 14) of the 39 and a partition wall 40 formed integrally with the caisson frame 12, and the like. The ventilation chamber 19 and the holes 34 are alternately formed around the communication room 20.

On the inner wall of the shaft 39, a plurality of guide rails 35 are arranged, and along the guide rails 35, a plurality of elevators 3 as "elevator".
6 is provided so as to be able to move up and down freely, and the shaft 39
The partition wall 40 is provided with a pneumatic door 22.

By arranging the large-diameter shaft 39 in this manner, a plurality of elevators 36 can be arranged, and a plurality of workers can move up and down at the same time.

The other configuration and operation are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the description is omitted.

[0049]

As described above, according to the invention described in each claim, it is not necessary for an operator to go up and down the shaft under high pressure, so that the burden on the operator can be reduced and a plurality of shafts can be reduced. The work efficiency can be improved because the user can enter and exit the work room through the air compartment without requiring much standby time.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the volume of the air chamber is formed integrally with the caisson body, unlike the conventional steel manlock 6, in addition to the above effects. Since it can be made cheaper and larger than the man lock 6, a gentle pressurization and decompression can be performed, and the air volume per person increases, and a spacious space can be secured. Moreover, if the chamber is made of concrete, the temperature rise during pressurization and the temperature drop during depressurization in the chamber can be moderated. In this manner, gentle pressurization / decompression, temperature change, and a spacious space can be ensured, so that the burden on the body is small. In addition, since the air chamber is formed in a part of the caisson body, the cost of equipment damage etc. is reduced and the number of mechanical components is reduced as compared with the conventional case where a separate manlock is provided. Therefore, the number of failures and maintenance is reduced.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-described effects, the communication room is at atmospheric pressure, and it is possible to freely enter and leave the communication room without having to increase or decrease the pressure. By providing a shaft and arranging a plurality of lifting devices on the shaft, many workers can be raised and lowered at the same time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a caisson according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 2 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Caisson 12 Caisson skeleton 13 Work room slab 14 Upper slab 15 Work room 17,18,33,39a, 40 Partition wall 19 Gust room 21,39 Shaft 21c Spiral stairs (elevator) 22 Compressed door 24 Hatch 36 Elevator (elevator) apparatus)

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02D 23/04 E02D 23/06

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A working chamber slab is provided at a lower portion inside a cylindrical caisson body, a working chamber is formed below the working chamber slab, and a communication chamber is provided above the working chamber slab, and a pressurizing chamber is provided. A plurality of decompression chambers are formed adjacent to each other with a partition wall therebetween, and the chambers and the work chamber are communicated via a hatch provided in the work chamber slab; A caisson characterized in that a chamber and the communication room are communicated via a pneumatic door, and the communication room is provided with a shaft for raising and lowering a worker. 2. The caisson according to claim 1, wherein said air chamber is formed integrally with said caisson body. 3. The communication room according to claim 1, wherein the communication room is arranged at a substantially central portion of the working room slab, and the plurality of air chambers are arranged around the communication room. caisson. 4. The caisson according to claim 1, wherein a lifting device is disposed in the shaft.