JP3276083B2 - 塩素を含まない薬品によるパルプ漂白法 - Google Patents
塩素を含まない薬品によるパルプ漂白法Info
- Publication number
- JP3276083B2 JP3276083B2 JP51962394A JP51962394A JP3276083B2 JP 3276083 B2 JP3276083 B2 JP 3276083B2 JP 51962394 A JP51962394 A JP 51962394A JP 51962394 A JP51962394 A JP 51962394A JP 3276083 B2 JP3276083 B2 JP 3276083B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- stage
- bleaching
- during
- ozone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004076 pulp bleaching Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004045 organic chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1026—Other features in bleaching processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/02—Washing ; Displacing cooking or pulp-treating liquors contained in the pulp by fluids, e.g. wash water or other pulp-treating agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1026—Other features in bleaching processes
- D21C9/1036—Use of compounds accelerating or improving the efficiency of the processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1026—Other features in bleaching processes
- D21C9/1042—Use of chelating agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1057—Multistage, with compounds cited in more than one sub-group D21C9/10, D21C9/12, D21C9/16
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/147—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with oxygen or its allotropic modifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/147—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with oxygen or its allotropic modifications
- D21C9/153—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with oxygen or its allotropic modifications with ozone
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/16—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with per compounds
- D21C9/163—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with per compounds with peroxides
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI930954 | 1993-03-03 | ||
| FI930954A FI93232C (fi) | 1993-03-03 | 1993-03-03 | Menetelmä massan valkaisemiseksi kloorivapailla kemikaaleilla |
| PCT/FI1993/000222 WO1994020673A1 (en) | 1993-03-03 | 1993-05-25 | Method of bleaching pulp with chlorine-free chemicals |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08509781A JPH08509781A (ja) | 1996-10-15 |
| JP3276083B2 true JP3276083B2 (ja) | 2002-04-22 |
Family
ID=8537491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51962394A Expired - Fee Related JP3276083B2 (ja) | 1993-03-03 | 1993-05-25 | 塩素を含まない薬品によるパルプ漂白法 |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0687321B1 (no) |
| JP (1) | JP3276083B2 (no) |
| AT (2) | ATE176808T1 (no) |
| AU (1) | AU5370594A (no) |
| BR (1) | BR9307858A (no) |
| CA (1) | CA2157109C (no) |
| DE (2) | DE69332508T2 (no) |
| ES (2) | ES2186948T3 (no) |
| FI (3) | FI93232C (no) |
| NO (1) | NO953444L (no) |
| PT (1) | PT884415E (no) |
| RU (1) | RU2126471C1 (no) |
| WO (1) | WO1994020673A1 (no) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI89516B (fi) | 1989-05-10 | 1993-06-30 | Ahlstroem Oy | Foerfarande foer blekning av cellulosamassa med otson |
| FI103818B (fi) * | 1995-02-21 | 1999-09-30 | Ahlstrom Machinery Oy | Menetelmä massan valkaisemiseksi |
| US20080110584A1 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2008-05-15 | Caifang Yin | Bleaching process with at least one extraction stage |
| FR2910027B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-13 | 2009-11-06 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Procede de blanchiment des pates papeteries chimiques par traitement final a l'ozone a haute temperature |
| MX2011012494A (es) | 2009-05-28 | 2012-02-21 | Gp Cellulose Gmbh | Celulosa modificada a partir de fibra kraft quimica y metodos para elaborarla y su uso. |
| MX353539B (es) | 2011-05-23 | 2018-01-17 | Gp Cellulose Gmbh Star | Fibra kraft de madera blanda que tiene blancura y brillo mejorados, y metodos para preparala y usarla. |
| TWI628331B (zh) | 2012-01-12 | 2018-07-01 | Ｇｐ纖維股份有限公司 | 具有降低黃化性質之低黏度牛皮紙纖維及其製造與使用方法 |
| PL2839071T3 (pl) | 2012-04-18 | 2019-05-31 | Gp Cellulose Gmbh | Zastosowanie środka powierzchniowo czynnego do obróbki masy celulozowej i poprawa przyłączania masy celulozowej siarczanowej do włókna w celu produkcji wiskozy i innych drugorzędnych produktów włóknistych |
| JP6472758B2 (ja) | 2013-02-08 | 2019-02-20 | ゲーペー ツェルローゼ ゲーエムベーハー | 改善されたα−セルロース含量を有する軟材クラフト繊維およびその化学セルロース製品の生産における使用 |
| CA2901665A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Gp Cellulose Gmbh | A method of making highly functional, low viscosity kraft fiber using an acidic bleaching sequence and a fiber made by the process |
| WO2014140940A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Gp Cellulose Gmbh | A low viscosity kraft fiber having an enhanced carboxyl content and methods of making and using the same |
| FR3007044B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-13 | 2016-01-15 | Air Liquide | Procede de traitement des pates papetieres chimiques par traitement a l'ozone en presence d'ions magnesium |
| AT515152B1 (de) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-12-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zum Vorbehandeln von rückgewonnenen Baumwollfasern zur Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Formkörpern aus regenerierter Cellulose |
| CA3040734A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-24 | Gp Cellulose Gmbh | Modified cellulose from chemical fiber and methods of making and using the same |
| SE545759C2 (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-01-02 | Valmet Oy | Method for bleaching pulp from recycled textile material |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO144711C (no) * | 1978-04-04 | 1981-10-21 | Myrens Verksted As | Fremgangsmaate til bleking av oksygendelignifiserte celluloseholdige masser med ozon |
| US4310384A (en) * | 1979-01-11 | 1982-01-12 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Reducing chemical transfer between treatment stages |
| FI74752C (fi) * | 1986-03-20 | 1992-12-01 | Ahlstroem Oy | Foerfarande och anordning foer tvaettning av cellulosa |
| ES2038097T5 (es) * | 1989-06-06 | 2001-05-01 | Eka Chemicals Ab | Procedimiento para blanquear pastas papeleras que contienen lignocelulosa. |
| AU636173B2 (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1993-04-22 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the chlorine-free bleaching of pulps |
| US5567262A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1996-10-22 | Ahlstrom Machinery Inc. | Two stage pressure diffuser |
| SE468355B (sv) * | 1991-04-30 | 1992-12-21 | Eka Nobel Ab | Blekning av kemisk massa genom behandling med komplexbildare och ozon |
| AT400153B (de) * | 1991-05-02 | 1995-10-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum bleichen von xylan- und lignocellulosehältigen materialien |
-
1993
- 1993-03-03 FI FI930954A patent/FI93232C/fi active
- 1993-05-25 AT AT93910051T patent/ATE176808T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-25 EP EP93910051A patent/EP0687321B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 JP JP51962394A patent/JP3276083B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-25 AU AU53705/94A patent/AU5370594A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-25 DE DE69332508T patent/DE69332508T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-25 RU RU95122814A patent/RU2126471C1/ru active
- 1993-05-25 DE DE69323566T patent/DE69323566T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-25 EP EP98113684A patent/EP0884415B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 AT AT98113684T patent/ATE228181T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-25 PT PT98113684T patent/PT884415E/pt unknown
- 1993-05-25 WO PCT/FI1993/000222 patent/WO1994020673A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-05-25 BR BR9307858A patent/BR9307858A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-25 ES ES98113684T patent/ES2186948T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 ES ES93910051T patent/ES2130260T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-25 CA CA002157109A patent/CA2157109C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-15 FI FI934036A patent/FI98223B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-08-30 FI FI954093A patent/FI954093A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-01 NO NO953444A patent/NO953444L/no unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI954093A (fi) | 1995-10-17 |
| ATE176808T1 (de) | 1999-03-15 |
| FI93232C (fi) | 1995-03-10 |
| NO953444D0 (no) | 1995-09-01 |
| NO953444L (no) | 1995-10-19 |
| EP0884415B1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
| WO1994020673A1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
| DE69332508D1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
| FI954093A0 (fi) | 1995-08-30 |
| DE69332508T2 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
| EP0884415A1 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| FI98223B (fi) | 1997-01-31 |
| BR9307858A (pt) | 1996-02-27 |
| EP0687321B1 (en) | 1999-02-17 |
| FI930954A0 (fi) | 1993-03-03 |
| FI930954A (fi) | 1994-09-04 |
| ES2130260T3 (es) | 1999-07-01 |
| DE69323566T2 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
| ES2186948T3 (es) | 2003-05-16 |
| AU5370594A (en) | 1994-09-26 |
| CA2157109C (en) | 2002-09-03 |
| ATE228181T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
| FI93232B (fi) | 1994-11-30 |
| CA2157109A1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
| FI934036A0 (fi) | 1993-09-15 |
| EP0687321A1 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| PT884415E (pt) | 2003-03-31 |
| RU2126471C1 (ru) | 1999-02-20 |
| DE69323566D1 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
| JPH08509781A (ja) | 1996-10-15 |
| FI934036A (fi) | 1994-09-04 |
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