JP3220393B2 - Backhoe - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a backhoe in which a turning radius at a rear portion of a turning table is reduced.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional backhoe, a substantially rectangular swivel table in a plan view is supported on a traveling machine base having right and left crawler traveling devices so as to be able to swivel. The boom of the device is connected, an operation seat is arranged on a turntable behind the excavating device, and an engine is mounted on the rear portion of the turntable, and the engine is covered with a hood.

[0003]

In this type of backhoe, in recent years, it has been required to improve the workability in a narrow place by reducing the turning radius at the rear of the turning table. In such a turntable structure, when the turntable is in the forward position, the rear portion of the turntable protrudes more than the rear portion of the left and right crawler traveling device. Of the left and right outermost ends.

That is, the turntable has a long longitudinal direction,
The turning radius has a shape that protrudes more than the front and rear ends and left and right outer ends of the left and right crawler traveling devices. The swivel cannot rotate, making it difficult to perform excavation work. In addition, the driving seat is disposed on the front side of the hood covering the engine, and by arranging the driving seat and the bonnet back and forth, the length of the turntable in the front-rear direction is lengthened. The rim extends in the front-rear direction when the swivel base is in the forward posture, but it is difficult for the operator to provide the function of visually recognizing the turning posture because the operator is located on the rear side.

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a crawler even when the swivel table is turned while the swivel table does not project from the outermost ends of the left and right crawler traveling devices. The traveling device can be closer to the structure, etc., and workability in narrow places can be improved, and even when working in narrow places, when people pass outside the side surfaces of the left and right side edges of the turntable in the forward posture Another object of the present invention is to provide a backhoe capable of easily allowing the upper body of a person to pass therethrough, shortening the entire length of the swivel base, and enhancing the visibility of the swiveling posture.

[0006]

A first concrete means for solving the problem according to the present invention is that the distance between the ruts in the left-right direction can be adjusted.
A swivel 4 is rotatably provided on a traveling machine base 3 having a strange left and right crawler traveling device 2, and an engine cover 6 is disposed on a rear portion of the swivel 4 so as to protrude upward.
Boom 7 that can swing left and right in front of the driver's seat 5
The excavating device 1 has provided, left and right edges 30L of the left and right sides along the longitudinal direction of the driver seat 5 on the swivel deck 4 at the time of the forward-facing position, 30R is formed and the left and right side edges 30L, 3
Right and left crawler traveling device when 0R is the minimum distance between ruts
2 is not protruded left and right outward from the outer end of the turntable 4.
The rear end 31 is formed in the shape of an arc having the turning center Z as a substantially center of curvature and the radius thereof is set to the maximum distance between the turning center Z and the ruts.
The distance dmax between the outermost ends 32L and 32R of the crawler traveling device 2 at the time of
The side surface of the swivel table 4 is substantially flush with the side edge 30 of the swivel table 4.
When the engine cover is
6 is substantially flush with the rear end 31 of the swivel 4 and the left and right crawlers run at the maximum distance between the left and right side edges 30L and 30R of the swivel 4 and the side of the engine cover 6 in the forward posture. The left and right crawler traveling device 5 has a space 36 opened in the front-rear direction and the upper direction between the outermost ends 32L and 32R of the device 2, and the driving seat 5 is provided on the engine cover 6.
And the intersection 38 between the left and right side edges 30L, 30R of the swivel base 4 and the arc-shaped rear end 31 is made to correspond to an intermediate portion of the driving seat 5 in the front-rear direction.

As a result, the operator on the driver's seat 5 looks at the side edges 30L, 30R of the swivel base 4 and the side surface of the engine cover 6 at a position forward of right beside, and turns while visually recognizing the turning posture more accurately. Even when turning from the forward posture, the rear end 31 of the swivel 4 is the outermost end 32 of the left and right crawler traveling device 2.
L, 32R without protruding from the left and right crawler traveling device 2 closer to the structure or the like, and work in such a narrow place, even when working in such a narrow place, the left and right side edges of the swivel 4 in the forward posture When a person passes outside the sides of the parts 30L, 30R and the engine cover 6, the upper body of the person can easily pass by using the space 36.

A second specific means for solving the problem in the present invention is that, in addition to the first specific means, the engine cover 6 is a bonnet which covers substantially the rear half of the swivel 4 and has both right and left sides thereof. The surfaces are the left and right side edges 30L of the swivel 4 and 3
0R. Accordingly, the vehicle turns while visually checking the posture using the left and right side surfaces of the engine cover 6 as well as the left and right side edges 30L and 30R of the swivel table 4, and the passage using the space 36 is further facilitated.

A third concrete means for solving the problem in the present invention is the above-mentioned block in addition to the first or second concrete means.
The rear of the arm 7 and the engine cover 6 and the driving seat 5
That is, a step surface 37 communicating with the left and right space 36 is formed on the upper surface of the swivel 4 on the front side. Thereby, passage between the step surface 37 on the swivel 4 and the space 36 on the left and right sides becomes possible.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 3, an ultra-small backhoe is shown, 1 is an excavating work device, 2 is a crawler traveling device, 3 is a traveling machine platform, 4 is a swivel platform, 5 is an operation seat, and 6 is an engine hood (engine cover). . The excavation work apparatus 1 includes a swing bracket 10 that can swing left and right at a vertical fulcrum P on a swivel 4, a boom 7 pivotally connected to the swing bracket 10, an arm 8 pivotally connected to the boom 7, and an arm. 8 and a bucket 9 pivotally connected to the bucket 8. 7c is a boom cylinder, 8
c indicates an arm cylinder, and 9c indicates a bucket cylinder.

In this backhoe, the boom 7 has a two-part structure in which a first boom portion 7A on the proximal end and a second boom portion 7B on the distal end are connected by a horizontal axis X. The boom 7 pivotally connects a second boom portion 7B having an arm 8 attached to a distal end thereof and a first boom portion 7A having a proximal end supported by a swing bracket 10 so as to be swingable about a lateral fulcrum X. In addition to the above configuration, an angle adjusting cylinder 7k for bending the boom is provided between the first boom portion 7A and the second boom portion 7B. A potentiometer 11 for detecting a relative angle between the swing bracket 10 and the first boom portion 7A is provided at a pivot connection point between the swing bracket 10 and the first boom portion 7A. A boom included angle automatic adjusting means A for driving the cylinder 7k to expand and contract is provided.

As shown in FIG. 5, the included angle adjusting cylinder 7k
By connecting the electromagnetic control valve 12 and the potentiometer 11 to the control device 13, the boom angle automatic adjusting means A is constituted. The operation of the boom included angle automatic adjusting means A is shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), in a horizontal position where the boom 7 is located at a substantially middle position in the vertical direction and the bucket 9 is farthest away from the swivel table 4 in the most forward position, the first boom portion 7A and the second boom portion 7B do not move together. The included angle θ _C becomes the narrowest. FIG. 4A shows the included angle θ _U in the swiveling posture in which the boom 7 is raised most.
The relationship of θ _C <θ _U ≒ θ _D is established so that the included angle θ _D in the two positions with the excavation position in which the boom 7 shown in FIG. Set to state. The control device 13 functions so that the included angle changes smoothly.

Accordingly, comparing the movement trajectory of the tip of the bucket 9, as shown in FIG. 1, the movement trajectory K of the boom structure of the present invention is different from the conventional trajectory J in the upper and lower ends with the conventional movement trajectory J. It can be understood that the upper and lower intermediate portions including the boom horizontal posture portion are clearly shifted toward the swivel table 4 even at the same position. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 on the left and right are configured so that the distance between the tracks (tread) can be changed within a predetermined range. The left and right sides are cut in a straight line and parallel to each other while being formed in an arc shape centered on the center Z, and the distance in the left and right direction with respect to the turning axis Z is smaller than the turning radius at the rear end of the turning table. Is set to

Therefore, the swivel 4 is provided with the excavating work device 1.
From the weight balance of the above, the rear end is set so as to have the maximum turning radius, but there is no such restriction on the left and right width of the swivel 4 and the width can be made smaller than the maximum turning diameter. It is possible to set the passable range during traveling larger. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the traveling machine base 3 includes a support base 15 that rotatably supports the swivel base 4 and left and right slide bases 15 that are slidable in the left-right direction with respect to the support base 15. And a wheel frame 16.

The wheel frame 16 has a driving wheel 18, a driven wheel 19 and a rolling wheel 20 which can be driven by a hydraulic motor 17.
Are respectively supported, and the driving wheel 18 and the driven wheel 19 are supported.
An endless crawler belt is wound around the rolling wheel 20 to form the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2. Wheel frame 16
A pair of front and rear mounting frames 21 made of a square pipe or the like provided in a protruding shape inward are provided on the inner surface in the left-right direction. The wheel frame 16 is supported on the support base 15 by slidably inserting the mounting frame 21 into a pair of front and rear tubular guide frames 15 a provided on the support base 15.

The guide frame 1 is mounted on the support base 15.
An engagement projection 22 is provided in a protruding manner downward toward the inside of the cylinder 5a, and a long hole-shaped engagement member is inserted into and engaged with each of the mounting frames 21 in the left-right direction. A mating portion 23 is formed, and the engaged portion 23 is
2, a sliding range of the mounting frame 21 with respect to the guide frame 15 a, that is, a position changing range of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2, 2 with respect to the support base 15 and the revolving base 4 in the left-right direction is set. I am trying to do it. A telescopic cylinder 24 such as a hydraulic cylinder is provided between the inner surfaces of the wheel frame 16 in the traveling machine base 3.
By the expansion and contraction of the telescopic cylinder 24, the distance between the ruts of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2, 2 can be changed.

FIG. 2 shows a case where the distance between the ruts of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 is maximized. In this case, the distance from the turning center Z to the left and right outer ends of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 is shown. The distance (= d _max ) substantially corresponds to the maximum turning radius (= R _max ) of the swivel 4, that is, slightly wide. Therefore, when the turntable 4 is turned during excavation work or the like, the turntable 4 can be turned within the distance between the tracks of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 (= _dmax × 2), and even in a narrow work place or the like. So that the user does not have to worry about the turning operation in such a case.

In the excavation work or the ditch work on the side of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 by turning the swivel table 4 sideways, the rut between the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 is used. By maximizing the distance, the distance between the crawler traveling device on the side of the excavator and the position of the center of gravity of the work machine body can be increased. The moment on the body side is increased, so that the excavating force can be increased and the excavating property can be improved. FIG. 1 shows a case where the distance between the ruts of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 is minimized, and the distance (==) from the turning center Z to the left and right outer ends of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 at this time. d _min ) substantially corresponds to the distance (= d ′) from the turning center Z to the left and right outer ends of the swivel 4, that is, slightly wide.

Therefore, by minimizing the distance between the ruts of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 in this manner, the crawler traveling device 2 and 2 can be in a state suitable for traveling on narrow passages and the like.
In the width of the passage through which the vehicle 2 can pass, the swivel base 4 can always pass, and the entire vehicle body can pass without contacting a wall, a wall, or the like, and it is possible to easily determine whether or not the passage is possible. FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the distance between tracks (tread) is minimized (= D _min ).
In the state set to, the full width of the front turntable 4 and the full width of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 are equal, that is,
The distance (= d _min ) from the turning center Z to the left and right outer ends of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 matches the distance (= d ′) from the turning center Z to the left and right outer ends of the turntable 4. ing.

As shown in FIG. 9, when the rut distance is set to the maximum (= D _max ), the maximum turning diameter (= maximum turning radius R _max × 2) at the rear end of the turntable 4 and the right and left crawlers are set. The total width of the traveling devices 2 and 2 is equal, that is, the distance (= d _max ) from the turning center Z to the left and right outer ends of the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 matches the maximum turning radius (= R _max ). The dimensions are set as follows. Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment, for example, when heading to a relatively large excavation site through a very narrow alley,
The above structure is convenient. That is, the distance between the tracks is small (= D
_min ) to pass through the alley, and at the site, set the distance between ruts to be large (= D _max ) to improve excavation, and to perform turning work without fear of contact with other objects. is there.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,
For example, the distance from the turning center to the left and right outer end of the left and right crawler traveling device when the distance between the tracks is minimized, and the distance from the turning center to the left and right outer end of the turntable are matched. The distance from the turning center when the distance is maximized to the left and right outer ends of the left and right crawler traveling devices can be made wider than the maximum turning radius. The upper structure of the backhoe and the relationship between the upper structure and the left and right crawler traveling devices 2 and 2 when the distance between the ruts is maximized will be described in further detail with reference to FIGS.

The backhoe is provided with a swivel base 4 on a traveling machine base 3 having a left and right crawler travel unit 2 so as to be able to swivel, and an engine bonnet (engine cover) 6 is disposed on the rear portion of the swivel base 4 so as to protrude upward. 4 and the boom 7 of the excavating work device 1 on the front surface 33 via the swing fulcrum P to the left.
It is provided to swing right . On the swivel base 4, left and right side edges 30L and 30R are formed along the front and rear direction on the left and right sides of the driving seat 5 in the forward posture (the state shown in FIGS. 1 and 8). Traveling device 2 between minimum ruts
A distance (Dmin) state (a state shown by a solid line in FIGS. 1 and 8);
It is in a non-projecting state left and right outward from the outer end when this is done.

The rear end 31 of the swivel table 4 is formed in an arc shape having the center of curvature substantially at the center of rotation Z, and the radius thereof is equal to or less than the distance dmax from the center of rotation Z to the outermost ends 32L and 32R of the crawler traveling device 2 ( (Small or almost the same). Accordingly, the arc-shaped rear end 31 of the swivel base 4 is moved to the outermost end 32 of the crawler traveling device 2 when the swivel base 4 is turned to a 90 ° swiveled posture shown in FIGS.
It is located inside or at the same position as L and 32R, and does not protrude left and right.

The swing fulcrum P of the swivel 4 does not protrude left and right outward from the outermost ends 32L and 32R of the crawler traveling device 2, and the range from the swing fulcrum P to the arc-shaped rear end 31 is as follows. During the turn, the right and left crawler traveling device 2 is substantially contained in a range between the outermost ends 32L and 32R. The swivel base 4 has left and right side edges 30L and 30R, a front surface 33 in a direction substantially orthogonal to these, and an arc-shaped rear end 31, and is formed in a substantially polygonal shape in plan view.
Front and left and right corners 34L and 34R are formed between the left and right side edges 30L and 30R.
L and 34R are arc-shaped chamfered surfaces.

Front left and right corners 34L, 34R of the swivel 4
Is formed in an arc shape having substantially the same radius (smaller or smaller than the distance dmax) as the rear end 31 having the turning center Z as the center of curvature, and the outermost end 32L of the crawler traveling device 2 within a turning range of 360 degrees. , 32R, and is located substantially within the range of an imaginary circle 35 passing through the arc-shaped rear end 31 together with the swing fulcrum P. On the left and right crawler traveling device 5 between the left and right side edge portions 30L, 30R of the swivel table 4 and the outermost ends 32L, 32R of the left and right crawler traveling device 2 at the time of the forward posture, not to mention the outward direction,
The left and right spaces 36 open in the front-rear direction and the upward direction, and the left and right spaces 36 communicate with the step surface 37 on the front upper surface of the swivel 4.

The left and right side surfaces and the rear surface of the engine bonnet 6 are formed substantially flush with the left and right side edges 30L, 30R and the rear end 31 of the swivel 4.
Left and right sides of the turntable 4 in the forward posture
Above L and 30R, an upper portion of a space 36 opened in the front-rear direction and upward is formed on the left and right crawler traveling device 5 between the outermost ends 32L and 32R of the left and right crawler traveling device 2. . Engine bonnet 6 is swivel 4
The driving seat 5 is mounted on the driving seat 5, and the left and right side edges 30 </ b> L and 30 </ b> R of the swivel 4 and the left and right side surfaces of the engine hood 6 are arcuately formed in the middle of the driving seat 5 in the front-rear direction. The intersection point 38 with the end 31 corresponds.

The step surface 37 is formed on the front side of the engine hood 6 and the operation seat 5. Due to the presence of the left and right spaces 36, for example, when the worker walks between the crawler traveling device 2 and a structure or the like with the swivel 4 in the forward posture, the upper body of the worker becomes the side edges 30L, 3L.
0R and the height of the side of the engine bonnet 6,
The large space facilitates walking, and the operator descends from the step surface 37 and passes on the outside of the turntable 4,
It is also possible to go behind the backhoe, and workability in narrow places is improved.

The fact that the side surface of the engine bonnet 6 is flush with the side edge portion 30 of the swivel base 4 means that when the swivel base 4 is in the forward position, the state follows the front-rear direction and is higher than the side edge portion 30. , The function of visually recognizing the turning posture of the turntable 4 can be exhibited more than the side edge portion 30.
In addition, since the side surface of the engine bonnet 6 and the side edges 30L, 30R of the swivel base 4 are located from the middle part in the front-rear direction of the driving seat 5 to the front side, and are located right beside the operator to the front side, the turning posture is visually recognized. Can be more accurate.

[0029]

According to the present invention described in detail above, first,
The operator on the driver's seat 5 can turn while seeing the side edges 30L and 30R of the turntable 4 and the side surface of the engine cover 6 on the front side of the side, and more accurately recognize the turning posture, and turn from the forward posture. Also, the rear end 31 of the swivel 4 does not protrude from the outermost ends 32L, 32R of the left and right crawler traveling device 2, and the work can be performed with the left and right crawler traveling device 2 closer to a structure or the like. Even when working in such a narrow place, the left and right side edges 30 of the turntable 4 in the forward posture are
When a person passes outside the side surfaces of the L, 30R and the engine cover 6, the upper body of the person can easily pass by using the space 36.

Second, left and right side edges 30L, 3
It is possible to make a turn using the left and right side surfaces of the engine cover 6 and visually check the posture.
It becomes easier to use the traffic. Third, swivel 4
The passage between the upper step surface 37 and the space 36 on the left and right sides is possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of the present invention when a swivel base is facing forward.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the first embodiment of the present invention when the swivel platform is in a horizontal position.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the entire backhoe.

FIG. 4 is an operation diagram of the excavation work device showing a movement locus of a bucket tip.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a boom included angle automatic adjusting means.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are cross-sectional plan views showing the traveling machine base, wherein FIG. 6A shows a state with a minimum distance between ruts, and FIG. 6B shows a state with a maximum distance between ruts.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an arrow AA in FIG. 6 (a).

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the present invention when the swivel base is in a forward facing posture.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the present invention when the swivel base is in a horizontal position.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 excavating work device 2 crawler traveling device 3 traveling machine stand 4 revolving base 5 operation seat 6 engine cover (bonnet) 7 boom 30 revolving platform side edge 31 revolving platform rear end 32 crawler traveling device outermost end 33 front surface 34 corner portion 36 Space 37 Step plane 38 Intersection point Z Turning center

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-5-125744 (JP, A) JP-A-6-212667 (JP, A) Fully open 50-10001 (JP, U) Really open 4944 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model 1-164337 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model 4-37654 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02F 9/02 E02F 9 / 08

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A turning platform (4) is provided on a traveling machine base (3) having a left-right crawler traveling device (2) with a variable left-right rut distance, and a rear portion of the turning platform (4). An engine cover (6) is arranged to protrude upward , and swings right and left at the front of the swivel (4) and in front of the operation seat (5).
An excavating work device (1) having a freely movable boom (7) is provided, and a driving seat (5) is mounted on a swivel (4) in a forward posture .
Left and right side edges (30L, 30L)
R) and the left and right side edges (30L, 30R)
Right and left crawler traveling device at the minimum distance between ruts (2)
And a rear end (31) of the turntable (4) is formed in an arc shape having a center of curvature substantially at the center of rotation (Z), and its radius is set to the center of rotation (Z). From)
Set the distance (dmax) to the outermost end (32L, 32R) of the crawler traveling device (2) when the distance between the tracks is the maximum, and set the side surface of the engine cover (6) to the swivel.
In front of the turntable (4), substantially flush with the side edge (30) of (4).
The engine cover
(6) The rear surface of the turntable (4) is substantially flush with the rear end (31) of the turntable (4), and the left and right side edges (30) of the turntable (4) in the forward posture are set.
L, 30R) and the side of the engine cover (6) and the maximum rut
The space (3) opened in the front-rear direction and the upper direction on the left and right crawler traveling device (5) between the outermost ends (32L, 32R) of the left and right crawler traveling device (2) when the distance is set.
6), the operation seat (5) is mounted on the engine cover (6), and the left and right side edges (30L, 30R) of the swivel (4) are provided at an intermediate position in the front-rear direction of the operation seat (5). A backhoe wherein an intersection (38) with an arc-shaped rear end (31) is made to correspond. 2. The engine cover (6) is a bonnet that covers substantially the rear half of the swivel (4), and its left and right sides are substantially parallel to the left and right side edges (30L, 30R) of the swivel (4). The backhoe according to claim 1, wherein the backhoe is one. 3. A step surface (3) communicating with the left and right space (36) on the upper surface of the revolving base (4) behind the boom (7) and forward of the engine cover (6) and the operation seat (5).
The backhoe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein (7) is formed.