JP3213401B2 - Charging method for non-aqueous secondary batteries - Google Patents
Charging method for non-aqueous secondary batteriesInfo
- Publication number
- JP3213401B2 JP3213401B2 JP26011592A JP26011592A JP3213401B2 JP 3213401 B2 JP3213401 B2 JP 3213401B2 JP 26011592 A JP26011592 A JP 26011592A JP 26011592 A JP26011592 A JP 26011592A JP 3213401 B2 JP3213401 B2 JP 3213401B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- charging
- battery
- current
- constant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000010278 pulse charging Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、主として非水系二次電
池の充電に使用される充電方法に関し、とくに、充電時
間を短縮して過充電による電池性能の低下を防止できる
急速充電方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging method mainly used for charging a non-aqueous secondary battery, and more particularly to a rapid charging method capable of shortening a charging time and preventing a decrease in battery performance due to overcharging.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】二次電池の急速充電方法として、定電流
充電した後、定電圧電流に切り換える方法が開発されて
いる（特開平３−２５１０５４号公報）。この公報に記
載される充電方法は、電池電圧が設定値になるまでは定
電流充電し、電圧が設定値に上昇した後は、電池の電圧
が異常に上昇して電池性能が低下しないように、定電圧
充電に切り換えるものである。この方法は、定電流充電
するときの充電電流を大きくすることによって満充電す
るまでの時間を短くできる。しかしながら、大電流で充
電するためには、充電装置を大型化する必要があり、装
置がコストアップする。また、電池の最大充電電流は、
電池性能を低下させないように設計する必要がある。電
池の最大充電電流は、電池を満充電する時間を制限す
る。このため、充電電流を大きくする方法では、満充電
時間に制約を受ける。2. Description of the Related Art As a method of rapidly charging a secondary battery, a method of switching to a constant voltage / current after charging with a constant current has been developed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-251504). The charging method described in this publication performs constant current charging until the battery voltage reaches a set value, and after the voltage rises to the set value, prevents the battery voltage from rising abnormally and the battery performance from deteriorating. , To switch to constant voltage charging. According to this method, the time until full charge can be shortened by increasing the charge current at the time of constant current charge. However, in order to charge with a large current, the size of the charging device needs to be increased, and the cost of the device increases. The maximum charging current of the battery is
It is necessary to design so as not to lower the battery performance. The maximum charging current of the battery limits the time to fully charge the battery. Therefore, the method of increasing the charging current is limited by the full charging time.
【０００３】この欠点を解消する充電方法が特開平２−
１１９５３９号公報に記載されている。この公報に記載
される充電方法は、鉛蓄電池を急速充電するものであ
る。この方法は、電池電圧と充電電流とを図１に示すよ
うに設定している。すなわち、第２の電圧Ｖ2よりも多
少高く設定される第１の電圧Ｖ1まで定電流充電し、そ
の後に、第２の電圧Ｖ2の電圧で定電圧充電するもので
ある。この充電方法は、定電流充電するときの電池の最
終電圧である第１の電圧Ｖ1を、定電圧充電する設定電
圧である第２の電圧Ｖ2よりも高く設定することによっ
て、鉛蓄電池を満充電する時間を短くするものである。A charging method for overcoming this disadvantage is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
No. 119395. The charging method described in this publication is for rapidly charging a lead storage battery. In this method, the battery voltage and the charging current are set as shown in FIG. That is, constant-current charging is performed up to a first voltage V1 that is set to be slightly higher than the second voltage V2, and then constant-voltage charging is performed at the second voltage V2. In this charging method, the lead-acid battery is fully charged by setting the first voltage V1, which is the final voltage of the battery at the time of constant-current charging, higher than the second voltage V2, which is the set voltage for constant-voltage charging. This is to shorten the time to do.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この公報に記載される
方法は、最初から定電圧充電する方法に比較して充電時
間を短くできる。それは、最初から最後まで定電圧充電
すると、次第に電流が減少するのに対し、最初に、第１
の電圧Ｖ1までは定電流充電すると、定電流充電によっ
て充電量を多くできるからである。したがって、この方
法は、トータルの充電時間を短縮することができる。さ
らに、この方式の充電方法は、定電流充電における最終
の電池電圧である第１の電圧Ｖ1を高くすることによっ
て、充電時間を短くできる。しかしながら、第１の電圧
Ｖ1を高くすると、副反応によって、非水系二次電池の
電池としての性能を低下させる。According to the method described in this publication, the charging time can be shortened as compared with the method of constant voltage charging from the beginning. First, while charging at a constant voltage from the beginning to the end gradually reduces the current, first, the first
This is because if the battery is charged at a constant current up to the voltage V1, the charge amount can be increased by the constant current charging. Therefore, this method can shorten the total charging time. Further, in the charging method of this system, the charging time can be shortened by increasing the first voltage V1, which is the final battery voltage in the constant current charging. However, when the first voltage V1 is increased, the performance of the nonaqueous secondary battery as a battery is reduced due to a side reaction.
【０００５】最初から第２の電圧Ｖ2で定電圧充電する
と、副反応による弊害を防止できる。しかしながら、ト
ータルの充電時間が長くなる欠点がある。したがって、
この充電方法も、充電時間を短縮することと、電池性能
の低下を防止するとこととは互いに相反する性質であっ
て両者を満足することができない。When the battery is charged at a constant voltage with the second voltage V2 from the beginning, adverse effects due to side reactions can be prevented. However, there is a disadvantage that the total charging time becomes longer. Therefore,
Also in this charging method, shortening the charging time and preventing deterioration of the battery performance are mutually contradictory properties, and both cannot be satisfied.
【０００６】本発明は、さらにこの欠点を解決すること
を目的に開発されたもので、本発明の重要な目的は、過
充電による電池性能の低下を極減して、充電時間を短縮
できる電池の充電方法を提供することにある。[0006] The present invention has been developed with the object of further solving this drawback. An important object of the present invention is to minimize the deterioration of battery performance due to overcharging and shorten the charging time. To provide a charging method.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の電池の充電方法
は、前述の目的を達成するために、下記の方法で電池を
充電する。すなわち、本発明の方法は、第１の電圧Ｖ1
まで定電流充電または準定電流充電した後に、第２の電
圧Ｖ2で定電圧充電する充電方法であって、定電流充電
の後に、第１の電圧Ｖ1で規制されたパルス充電に移行
し、下記の〜の工程を終了した後に、第１の電圧Ｖ
1よりも低い第２の電圧Ｖ2で定電圧充電することを特徴
とする。 オン時間に充電電流が設定値以下に達したとき オフ時間の電池電圧が設定値以上に達したとき 一定時間パルス充電した後According to the battery charging method of the present invention, the battery is charged by the following method to achieve the above-mentioned object. That is, the method of the present invention provides the first voltage V1
This is a charging method in which constant-current charging or quasi-constant-current charging is performed and then constant-voltage charging is performed at the second voltage V2. After constant-current charging, the process shifts to pulse charging restricted by the first voltage V1. After the steps (1) to (4) are completed, the first voltage V
It is characterized by performing constant voltage charging at a second voltage V2 lower than 1. When the charging current falls below the set value during the on-time When the battery voltage during the off-time exceeds the set value After pulse charging for a certain period
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】本発明の電池の充電方法は、最初に第１の電圧
Ｖ1まで定電流充電し、その後、第１の電圧Ｖ1に規制し
てパルス充電し、パルス充電の後に第２の電圧Ｖ2で定
電圧充電する。すなわち、本発明の充電方法は、最初
に、電池の電圧が第１の電圧Ｖ1に上昇するまでは定電
流充電して、短い時間で充電量を多くする。その後、パ
ルス充電して、電池をさらに充電する。この充電工程に
おいて、電池の電圧は第１の電圧Ｖ1に規制される。パ
ルス充電の工程において、電池の電圧を第１の電圧Ｖ1
に規制して充電するが、充電と休止とを繰り返すので、
副反応による電池性能の低下を防止できる。また、第２
の電圧Ｖ2よりも高い電圧である第１の電圧Ｖ1に規制し
て充電するので、充電時間を短くできる。パルス充電し
た後、電池の設定電圧を低くして第２の電圧Ｖ2で定電
圧充電する。According to the battery charging method of the present invention, first, constant current charging is performed up to the first voltage V1, then pulse charging is performed with the first voltage V1 regulated, and after the pulse charging, the second voltage V2 is applied. Charge at constant voltage. That is, in the charging method of the present invention, first, constant-current charging is performed until the battery voltage rises to the first voltage V1, and the charge amount is increased in a short time. Thereafter, pulse charging is performed to further charge the battery. In this charging step, the voltage of the battery is regulated to the first voltage V1. In the pulse charging step, the voltage of the battery is changed to the first voltage V1.
The battery is regulated and charged, but since charging and resting are repeated,
The battery performance can be prevented from deteriorating due to side reactions. Also, the second
Since the charging is restricted to the first voltage V1 which is higher than the voltage V2, the charging time can be shortened. After the pulse charging, the set voltage of the battery is lowered and the battery is charged at a constant voltage at the second voltage V2.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明
する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想
を具体化するための充電方法を例示するものであって、
本発明の充電方法は、充電条件、充電回路、充電装置の
フローチャート、設定電圧等を下記に特定するものでな
い。本発明の電池の充電方法は、特許請求の範囲におい
て、種々の変更を加えることができる。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the following examples illustrate a charging method for embodying the technical idea of the present invention,
The charging method of the present invention does not specify the charging conditions, the charging circuit, the flowchart of the charging device, the set voltage, and the like below. Various changes can be added to the battery charging method of the present invention within the scope of the claims.
【００１０】本発明の充電方法は、図２に示す電圧、電
流カーブで下記のようにして非水系二次電池を充電す
る。 一定の電流で電池の定電流充電を開始する。電池の
電圧が、第２の電圧Ｖ2よりも高い第１の電圧Ｖ1となる
まで、定電流または準定電流充電する。第１の電圧Ｖ1
は、一時的に非水系二次電池の電圧を上昇させても、電
池性能が低下しない電圧に設計される。 電池の電圧が第１の電圧Ｖ1に上昇すると、定電流
充電を中止して、パルス充電に切り換える。パルス充電
は、電池の電圧を第１の電圧Ｖ1に規制し、電池電圧が
第１の電圧Ｖ1よりも高くならないように充電電流を調
整する。パルス充電は、充電と休止とを繰り返すが、そ
の周期は、例えば１ｍｓｅｃ〜１ｓｅｃの範囲に調整さ
れる。また、パルス充電のデューティーサイクルは、例
えば、１０％〜７０％、好ましくは３０％〜７０％の範
囲に設計される。 パルス充電するに従って、電池の開放電圧は上昇
し、また、充電電流も減少する。充電電流が設定値より
も小さくなると、パルス充電を停止して、電池の電圧
を、第１の電圧Ｖ1よりも低い第２の電圧Ｖ2として定電
圧充電する。第２の電圧Ｖ2は、非水系二次電池を過充
電することなく満充電できる電圧に設定される。In the charging method of the present invention, a non-aqueous secondary battery is charged in the following manner using the voltage and current curves shown in FIG. A constant current charge of the battery is started at a constant current. The battery is charged at a constant current or a quasi-constant current until the voltage of the battery becomes the first voltage V1 higher than the second voltage V2. First voltage V1
Is designed so that the battery performance does not decrease even when the voltage of the non-aqueous secondary battery is temporarily increased. When the voltage of the battery rises to the first voltage V1, the constant current charging is stopped and switched to the pulse charging. In pulse charging, the battery voltage is regulated to a first voltage V1, and the charging current is adjusted so that the battery voltage does not become higher than the first voltage V1. In pulse charging, charging and rest are repeated, and the cycle is adjusted, for example, to a range of 1 msec to 1 sec. Further, the duty cycle of the pulse charging is designed, for example, in a range of 10% to 70%, preferably 30% to 70%. As pulse charging is performed, the open-circuit voltage of the battery increases, and the charging current also decreases. When the charging current becomes smaller than the set value, the pulse charging is stopped, and the battery is charged at a constant voltage as a second voltage V2 lower than the first voltage V1. The second voltage V2 is set to a voltage at which the non-aqueous secondary battery can be fully charged without overcharging.
【００１１】図２の波線は、参考のために、従来の方法
で電池を充電する状態を示している。波線で示す方法
は、最初は第２の電圧Ｖ2まで定電流充電した後、第２
の電圧Ｖ2に規制して定電圧充電する。The dashed line in FIG. 2 shows a state in which the battery is charged by a conventional method for reference. The method indicated by the dashed line is as follows.
And charge at a constant voltage by regulating the voltage to V2.
【００１２】さらに、図３は、別の方法で非水系二次電
池を充電するときの電池の電圧、充電電流の特性を示し
ている。このグラフに示す充電方法は、下記の工程で非
水系二次電池を満充電する。この図において波線は従来
の方法で電池を充電する状態を示している。とは、
前述の図２に示す方法と同じとする。 パルス充電するに従って、電池の開放電圧は上昇
し、また、充電電流も減少する。電池の開放電圧が設定
値よりも高くなると、パルス充電を停止して、電池の電
圧を、第１の電圧Ｖ1よりも低い第２の電圧Ｖ2にとして
定電圧充電する。FIG. 3 shows the characteristics of the battery voltage and the charging current when the non-aqueous secondary battery is charged by another method. The charging method shown in this graph fully charges a non-aqueous secondary battery in the following steps. In this figure, a dashed line indicates a state in which a battery is charged by a conventional method. Is
This is the same as the method shown in FIG. As pulse charging is performed, the open-circuit voltage of the battery increases, and the charging current also decreases. When the open voltage of the battery becomes higher than the set value, the pulse charging is stopped, and the voltage of the battery is set to the second voltage V2 lower than the first voltage V1, and the battery is charged at a constant voltage.
【００１３】さらに、図４は、別の方法で非水系二次電
池を充電するときの電池の電圧、充電電流の特性を示し
ている。このグラフに示す充電方法は、下記の工程で非
水系二次電池を満充電する。この図も波線は従来の方法
で電池を充電する状態を示している。 この工程は、前述の図２に示す方法と同じとする。 電池の電圧が第１の電圧Ｖ1に上昇すると、定電流
充電を中止して、パルス充電に切り換える。パルス充電
は、電池の電圧を第１の電圧Ｖ1に規制し、電池電圧が
第１の電圧Ｖ1よりも高くならないように充電電流を調
整する。パルス充電を開始すると、タイマーがカウント
を開始する。 一定時間パルス充電して、タイマーがタイムアップ
すると、電池の電圧を、第１の電圧Ｖ1よりも低い第２
の電圧Ｖ2にとして定電圧充電する。FIG. 4 shows the characteristics of the battery voltage and the charging current when the non-aqueous secondary battery is charged by another method. The charging method shown in this graph fully charges a non-aqueous secondary battery in the following steps. Also in this figure, the dashed line indicates a state where the battery is charged by the conventional method. This step is the same as the method shown in FIG. When the voltage of the battery rises to the first voltage V1, the constant current charging is stopped and switched to the pulse charging. In pulse charging, the battery voltage is regulated to a first voltage V1, and the charging current is adjusted so that the battery voltage does not become higher than the first voltage V1. When pulse charging is started, the timer starts counting. When the timer is up after pulse charging for a certain period of time, the voltage of the battery is reduced to a second voltage lower than the first voltage V1.
And constant voltage charging.
【００１４】以上の方法で電池を充電する回路のブロッ
ク図を図５に、配線図を図６に示している。これ等の図
に示す充電回路は、リチウムイオン二次電池等の非水系
二次電池を充電するものである。この充電回路は、充電
用の電源１と、電源１の出力を制御して電池の充電状態
を制御する充電制御手段２とを備える。FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a circuit for charging a battery by the above method, and FIG. 6 is a wiring diagram thereof. The charging circuits shown in these figures charge a non-aqueous secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery. The charging circuit includes a power supply 1 for charging, and a charge control unit 2 that controls the output of the power supply 1 to control the state of charge of the battery.
【００１５】電源１は、ＡＣ１００Ｖの商用電源に含ま
れる雑音を除去する入力フィルター３と、入力された交
流を直流に変換する整流回路４と、整流回路４の直流を
高周波の交流に変換するスイッチング部５であるトラン
ジスター６と、交流を所定の電圧に変換する変換トラン
ス７と、変換トランス７の交流出力を整流して平滑な直
流に変換する整流平滑回路８と、スイッチング部５を制
御して直流出力を制御するＰＷＭ制御回路９と、充電制
御手段２からの信号を、電気的に絶縁してＰＷＭ制御回
路９に入力するフォトカプラ１０とを備えている。The power supply 1 includes an input filter 3 for removing noise included in a commercial power supply of AC 100 V, a rectifier circuit 4 for converting an input AC to DC, and a switching for converting DC of the rectifier circuit 4 to high-frequency AC. A transistor 6, which is a unit 5, a conversion transformer 7 for converting an AC into a predetermined voltage, a rectifying and smoothing circuit 8 for rectifying an AC output of the conversion transformer 7 and converting it to a smooth DC, and controlling the switching unit 5. A PWM control circuit 9 for controlling a DC output, and a photocoupler 10 for electrically insulating a signal from the charge control means 2 and inputting the signal to the PWM control circuit 9 are provided.
【００１６】充電制御手段２は、スイッチング素子１１
と、スイッチング素子１１のオンオフを制御する発振回
路１９と、出力調整回路１２と、演算回路１３と、電圧
検出回路１４と、電流検出回路１５とを備える。The charge control means 2 includes a switching element 11
And an oscillation circuit 19 for controlling ON / OFF of the switching element 11, an output adjustment circuit 12, an arithmetic circuit 13, a voltage detection circuit 14, and a current detection circuit 15.
【００１７】スイッチング素子１１は、演算回路１３の
出力でオンオフに切り換えられる。スイッチング素子１
１は、オンの状態で、電池を電源の出力に接続して充電
する。オフになると、電池を電源から分離して充電を休
止する。The switching element 11 is turned on and off by the output of the arithmetic circuit 13. Switching element 1
1 is an ON state, in which a battery is connected to an output of a power supply and charged. When turned off, the battery is disconnected from the power supply and charging is suspended.
【００１８】発振回路１９は、パルス充電するときに、
スイッチング素子１１を一定の周期でオンオフする。発
振回路１９は、好ましくは、１ｍｓｅｃ〜１ｓｅｃの周
期で”Ｈ”と”Ｌ”とを繰り返す矩形波を発振する。矩
形波のデューティーサイクルは、通常は１０％〜７０
％、好ましくは３０％〜７０％に設計される。発振回路
１９の出力波形が”Ｈ”のときスイッチング素子１１を
オンとし、”Ｌ”のときには、スイッチング素子１１を
オフとする。The oscillation circuit 19 performs pulse charging when
The switching element 11 is turned on and off at a constant cycle. The oscillation circuit 19 preferably oscillates a rectangular wave that repeats “H” and “L” at a cycle of 1 msec to 1 sec. The duty cycle of the square wave is typically between 10% and 70%.
%, Preferably 30% to 70%. When the output waveform of the oscillation circuit 19 is “H”, the switching element 11 is turned on, and when the output waveform is “L”, the switching element 11 is turned off.
【００１９】出力調整回路１２は、定電圧充電回路１６
と、定電流充電回路１７とを備える。定電圧充電回路１
６と定電流充電回路１７は作動アンプ１６Ａ、１７Ａを
備える。The output adjustment circuit 12 includes a constant voltage charging circuit 16
And a constant current charging circuit 17. Constant voltage charging circuit 1
6 and the constant current charging circuit 17 include operation amplifiers 16A and 17A.
【００２０】定電圧充電回路１６の作動アンプ１６Ａ
は、＋側入力端子を、分圧抵抗を介して電池に接続して
いる。−側入力端子は、切換スイッチ１８を介して基準
電源Ｅ1、Ｅ2に接続される。作動アンプ１６Ａ、１７Ａ
の出力はダイオードを介してフォトカプラ１０に接続さ
れている。Operating amplifier 16A of constant voltage charging circuit 16
Has a + input terminal connected to the battery via a voltage dividing resistor. The negative input terminal is connected to reference power supplies E1 and E2 via a changeover switch 18. Operation amplifier 16A, 17A
Is connected to the photocoupler 10 via a diode.
【００２１】この定電圧充電回路１６は、作動アンプ１
６Ａの＋側入力端子の電圧、すなわち電池の分圧電圧
を、−側に接続された基準電圧に比較して、作動アンプ
１６Ａの出力を＋−に反転させる。電池の電圧が設定電
圧よりも高くなると、＋側の電圧が−側の基準電圧より
も高くなる。そうすると、作動アンプ１６Ａの出力は＋
となり、ダイオードに電流が流れなくなってフォトカプ
ラ１０の発光ダイオードは発光しなくなる。この状態に
なると、ＰＷＭ制御回路９はスイッチング部５であるト
ランジスター６を制御して出力を低下させる。定電圧充
電回路１６の基準電圧Ｅ1は、電池の第１の電圧Ｖ1を決
定する。基準電圧Ｅ2は、電池の第２の電圧Ｖ2を決定す
る。The constant-voltage charging circuit 16 includes the operating amplifier 1
The voltage of the + side input terminal of 6A, that is, the divided voltage of the battery is compared with the reference voltage connected to the − side, and the output of the operation amplifier 16A is inverted to + −. When the voltage of the battery becomes higher than the set voltage, the voltage on the positive side becomes higher than the reference voltage on the negative side. Then, the output of the operation amplifier 16A becomes +
Then, no current flows through the diode and the light emitting diode of the photocoupler 10 stops emitting light. In this state, the PWM control circuit 9 controls the transistor 6 as the switching unit 5 to lower the output. The reference voltage E1 of the constant voltage charging circuit 16 determines the first voltage V1 of the battery. The reference voltage E2 determines the second voltage V2 of the battery.
【００２２】定電流充電回路１７は、作動アンプ１７Ａ
の＋側入力端子を電流検出抵抗に接続し、−側を基準電
源に接続している。この回路は、電池の充電電流が設定
値よりも大きくなると、作動アンプ１７Ａの＋側入力端
子の電圧が−側の基準電圧より高くなる。この状態で作
動アンプ１７Ａは出力電圧を＋とし、ダイオードを逆バ
イアスとしてフォトカプラ１０の発光ダイオードを発光
させなくする。この状態で、ＰＷＭ制御回路９はトラン
ジスター６を制御して出力を低く制御して、電池の充電
電流を少なくする。したがって、定電流充電回路１７
は、電池の充電電流が設定値よりも大きくなるのを防止
して、定電流充電する。The constant current charging circuit 17 includes an operation amplifier 17A
Are connected to the current detection resistor, and the minus side is connected to the reference power supply. In this circuit, when the charging current of the battery becomes larger than the set value, the voltage of the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier 17A becomes higher than the negative reference voltage. In this state, the operation amplifier 17A sets the output voltage to + and sets the diode to reverse bias so that the light emitting diode of the photocoupler 10 does not emit light. In this state, the PWM control circuit 9 controls the transistor 6 to lower the output and reduce the charge current of the battery. Therefore, the constant current charging circuit 17
Performs constant current charging while preventing the charging current of the battery from becoming larger than a set value.
【００２３】演算回路１３は、電圧検出回路１４と電流
検出回路１５の出力信号を演算処理して、発振回路１９
と、切換スイッチ１８とを切り換える。演算回路１３は
充電をスタートするときに発振回路１９の出力を強制的
に”Ｈ”として、スイッチング素子１１をオンとし、充
電を完了すると発振回路１９の出力を”Ｌ”としてスイ
ッチング素子１１をオフにする。また、演算回路１３
は、定電圧充電の設定電圧をＥ1とＥ2に切り換えるとき
に、切換スイッチ１８を制御する。さらに、演算回路１
３はタイマー（図示せず）を内蔵しており、タイマー
と、電圧検出回路１４と、電流検出回路１５とから入力
される信号を処理して、発振回路１９を介してスイッチ
ング素子１１を制御し、さらに、切換スイッチ１８も切
り換える。The arithmetic circuit 13 arithmetically processes the output signals of the voltage detection circuit 14 and the current detection circuit 15 and
And the changeover switch 18. The arithmetic circuit 13 forcibly sets the output of the oscillation circuit 19 to "H" when starting charging, turns on the switching element 11, and turns off the output of the oscillation circuit 19 when charging is completed, turning off the switching element 11. To The arithmetic circuit 13
Controls the changeover switch 18 when the set voltage for constant voltage charging is switched between E1 and E2. Further, the arithmetic circuit 1
3 incorporates a timer (not shown), processes signals input from the timer, the voltage detection circuit 14, and the current detection circuit 15, and controls the switching element 11 via the oscillation circuit 19. The switch 18 is also switched.
【００２４】演算回路１３は、電池電圧が第１の電圧Ｖ
1に上昇するまでは、定電圧充電回路１６の設定電圧を
Ｅ1とする。電池電圧が第１の電圧Ｖ1に上昇すると、発
振回路１９を発振状態として、スイッチング素子を一定
の周期でオンオフして、電池をパルス充電する。電池の
充電電流が設定値以下となり、あるいは、電池の開放電
圧が設定値なり、あるいはまた、タイマーがカウントを
終了すると、切換スイッチ１８を制御して、設定電圧を
Ｅ1からＥ2に低下させる。The arithmetic circuit 13 determines that the battery voltage is the first voltage V
Until the voltage rises to 1, the set voltage of the constant voltage charging circuit 16 is E1. When the battery voltage rises to the first voltage V1, the oscillation circuit 19 is set in an oscillating state, and the switching element is turned on and off at a constant cycle to charge the battery in pulses. When the charging current of the battery becomes equal to or less than the set value, or the open voltage of the battery becomes the set value, or when the timer finishes counting, the changeover switch 18 is controlled to reduce the set voltage from E1 to E2.
【００２５】さらに、演算回路１３は、電流検出回路１
５から電池の充電電流を検出し、電池の充電電流が小さ
くなって電池が満充電になると、発振回路１９の出力
を”Ｌ”として、スイッチング素子１１をオフにして充
電を停止する。また、演算回路１３は、パルス充電から
定電圧充電に切り換えた後、一定時間充電してスイッチ
ング素子１１をオフにすることもできる。Further, the arithmetic circuit 13 includes the current detection circuit 1
5, the charging current of the battery is detected. When the charging current of the battery becomes small and the battery is fully charged, the output of the oscillation circuit 19 is set to "L", the switching element 11 is turned off, and the charging is stopped. After switching from pulse charging to constant voltage charging, the arithmetic circuit 13 can also charge for a certain period of time to turn off the switching element 11.
【００２６】この充電回路は、図７に示すフローチャー
トでリチウムイオン二次電池等の非水系二次電池を充電
する。このフローチャートは、図２に示す電圧、電流特
性で非水系二次電池を充電する。This charging circuit charges a non-aqueous secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery according to the flowchart shown in FIG. This flowchart charges the non-aqueous secondary battery with the voltage and current characteristics shown in FIG.
【００２７】(1) 充電を開始する（ｎ１）。 (2) 電池電圧Ｖをサンプリングする（ｎ２）。 (3) 電池電圧Ｖを第１の電圧Ｖ1に比較する。電池電圧
Ｖが第１の電圧Ｖ1よりも低いと、(2)の工程にループす
る（ｎ３）。 (4) 電池電圧Ｖが第１の電圧Ｖ1を電圧以上であると、
パルス充電を開始する（ｎ４）。 (5) パルス充電するときに、充電時における電流Ｉを
サンプリングする（ｎ５）。 (6) 充電電流Ｉが設定電流ＩAよりも大きいと、(5)に
ループする（ｎ６）。 (7) 充電電流Ｉが設定電流ＩA以下になると、パルス充
電を中止する（ｎ７）。 (8) 演算回路で切換スイッチ１８を制御して、設定電
圧を第１の電圧Ｖ1から第２の電圧Ｖ2に切り換える（ｎ
８）。 (9) 電池電圧を第２の電圧Ｖ2に規制して、定電圧充電
する（ｎ９）。 この工程でいつまでも定電圧充電することもできるが、
図７に示すように、充電電流が一定以下になったことを
検出し、あるいは、一定時間定電圧充電した後に充電を
停止することもできる。(1) Charging is started (n1). (2) The battery voltage V is sampled (n2). (3) Compare the battery voltage V with the first voltage V1. If the battery voltage V is lower than the first voltage V1, the process loops to the step (2) (n3). (4) When the battery voltage V is higher than the first voltage V1,
Pulse charging is started (n4). (5) When performing pulse charging, the current I during charging is sampled (n5). (6) If the charging current I is larger than the set current IA, the process loops to (5) (n6). (7) When the charging current I becomes equal to or less than the set current IA, the pulse charging is stopped (n7). (8) The changeover switch 18 is controlled by the arithmetic circuit to switch the set voltage from the first voltage V1 to the second voltage V2 (n
8). (9) The battery voltage is regulated to the second voltage V2, and the battery is charged at a constant voltage (n9). In this process, constant voltage charging can be performed forever,
As shown in FIG. 7, it is also possible to detect that the charging current has become equal to or less than a predetermined value, or to stop charging after performing constant-voltage charging for a predetermined time.
【００２８】さらに図８に示すフローチャートでリチウ
ムイオン二次電池等の非水系二次電池を充電する。この
フローチャートは、図３に示す電圧、電流特性、すなわ
ち、パルス充電する時に電池の開放電圧が設定電圧ＶA
よりも高くなると、パルス充電を停止して非水系二次電
池を充電する。Further, a non-aqueous secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery is charged according to the flowchart shown in FIG. This flowchart is based on the voltage and current characteristics shown in FIG. 3, that is, when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is changed to the set voltage VA during pulse charging.
If it becomes higher, the pulse charging is stopped and the non-aqueous secondary battery is charged.
【００２９】(1) 充電を開始する（ｎ１）。 (2) 電池電圧Ｖをサンプリングする（ｎ２）。 (3) 電池電圧Ｖを第１の電圧Ｖ1に比較する。電池電圧
Ｖが第１の電圧Ｖ1よりも低いと、(2)の工程にループす
る（ｎ３）。 (4) 電池電圧Ｖが第１の電圧Ｖ1を電圧以上であると、
パルス充電を開始する（ｎ４）。 (5) パルス充電するときに、充電時における電池の開
放電圧ＶOFF、すなわち、電池を充電しない時の電圧を
サンプリングする（ｎ５）。 (6) 電池の開放電圧ＶOFFが設定電圧ＶAよりも小さい
と、(5)にループする（ｎ６）。 (7) 開放電圧ＶOFFが設定電圧ＶA以上になると、パル
ス充電を中止する（ｎ７）。 (8) 演算回路で切換スイッチを制御して、設定電圧を
第１の電圧Ｖ1から第２の電圧Ｖ2に切り換える（ｎ
８）。 (9) 電池電圧を第２の電圧Ｖ2に規制して、定電圧充電
する（ｎ９）。 この場合においても、図７に示す先の実施例と同様に、
充電電流が一定以下になったことを検出し、あるいは、
一定時間定電圧充電した後に充電を停止することもでき
る。(1) Charging is started (n1). (2) The battery voltage V is sampled (n2). (3) Compare the battery voltage V with the first voltage V1. If the battery voltage V is lower than the first voltage V1, the process loops to the step (2) (n3). (4) When the battery voltage V is higher than the first voltage V1,
Pulse charging is started (n4). (5) During pulse charging, the open-circuit voltage VOFF of the battery at the time of charging, that is, the voltage when the battery is not charged, is sampled (n5). (6) When the open-circuit voltage VOFF of the battery is lower than the set voltage VA, the process loops to (5) (n6). (7) When the open voltage VOFF becomes equal to or higher than the set voltage VA, the pulse charging is stopped (n7). (8) The changeover switch is controlled by the arithmetic circuit to switch the set voltage from the first voltage V1 to the second voltage V2 (n
8). (9) The battery voltage is regulated to the second voltage V2, and the battery is charged at a constant voltage (n9). In this case, as in the previous embodiment shown in FIG.
Detecting that the charging current has dropped below a certain level, or
It is also possible to stop charging after constant voltage charging for a certain period of time.
【００３０】さらまた、パルス充電する時間をタイマー
でセットして、パルス充電をストップすることもでき
る。この場合、図７および図８に示すフローチャートに
おいて、(5)〜(7)の工程（ｎ５〜ｎ７）を下記のように
してパルス充電をストップする。 (5) タイマーのカウントを開始させる。 (6) タイマーが設定経過したかどうかを判定し、設定
時間経過していないと、(5)にループする。 (7) タイマーが設定時間経過すると、パルス充電をス
トップする。 この工程は、(1)〜(4)と、(8)および(9)のフローチャー
トは図７と図８と同様にする。Furthermore, the pulse charging can be stopped by setting the time for pulse charging with a timer. In this case, in the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the pulse charging is stopped in the steps (n5 to n7) of (5) to (7) as described below. (5) Start counting by the timer. (6) It is determined whether or not the set time has elapsed. If the set time has not elapsed, the process loops to (5). (7) When the set time has elapsed, the pulse charging is stopped. In this step, the flowcharts of (1) to (4) and (8) and (9) are the same as those in FIGS. 7 and 8.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の効果】本発明の電池の充電方法は、電池の過充
電を防止して、短時間に急速充電できる優れた特長を実
現する。とくに、本発明の充電方法は、非水系二次電池
のように過充電すると電池性能が低下しやすい電池を、
過充電によって電池性能を低下させることなく、短時間
で急速充電できる特長がある。それは、本発明の充電方
法が、一時的には超過電圧となる第１の電圧Ｖ1まで定
電流充電をした後、第１の電圧Ｖ1に規制して充電と休
止とを繰り返すパルス充電をし、その後の第１の電圧Ｖ
1よりも低い設定電圧である第２の電圧Ｖ2に規制して定
電圧充電するからである。超過電圧である第１の電圧Ｖ
1に規制してパルス充電する工程は、電池の電圧を高く
設定して大電流で充電するので、短時間に急速充電でき
るが、充電と休止とを繰り返すので、副反応等によって
非水系二次電池の性能が低下するのを効果的に防止でき
る。本発明の電池の充電方法は、電池の過充電を防止で
きることに加えて、充電時間を短縮できるという、互い
に相反する特長を実現することができる。The method of charging a battery according to the present invention realizes an excellent feature that a battery can be prevented from being overcharged and can be rapidly charged in a short time. In particular, the charging method of the present invention, a battery whose battery performance tends to decrease when overcharged, such as a non-aqueous secondary battery,
There is a feature that quick charging can be performed in a short time without deteriorating battery performance due to overcharging. That is, the charging method of the present invention performs a constant-current charging up to a first voltage V1 that temporarily becomes an excess voltage, and then performs a pulse charging that regulates to the first voltage V1 and repeats charging and resting, Then, the first voltage V
This is because the battery is charged at a constant voltage while being regulated to the second voltage V2 which is a set voltage lower than 1. A first voltage V which is an excess voltage
In the step of regulating the charge to 1 and pulse charging, the battery voltage is set high and the battery is charged with a large current, so rapid charging can be performed in a short time.However, since charging and rest are repeated, non-aqueous secondary It is possible to effectively prevent the performance of the battery from deteriorating. The method for charging a battery according to the present invention can realize mutually contradictory features that the overcharge of the battery can be prevented and the charging time can be reduced.
【図１】従来の充電方法の電圧、電流特性を示すグラフFIG. 1 is a graph showing voltage and current characteristics of a conventional charging method.
【図２】本発明の実施例にかかる充電方法の電圧、電流
特性を示すグラフFIG. 2 is a graph showing voltage and current characteristics of a charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の実施例にかかる充電方法の電圧、電流
特性を示すグラフFIG. 3 is a graph showing voltage and current characteristics of a charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の実施例にかかる充電方法の電圧、電流
特性を示すグラフFIG. 4 is a graph showing voltage and current characteristics of a charging method according to an example of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の充電方法に使用する充電回路のブロッ
ク線図FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a charging circuit used in the charging method of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の充電方法に使用する充電回路のブロッ
ク線図FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a charging circuit used in the charging method of the present invention.
【図７】図２に示す電圧、電流特性で電池を充電するフ
ローチャートFIG. 7 is a flowchart for charging a battery with the voltage and current characteristics shown in FIG. 2;
【図８】図３に示す電圧、電流特性で電池を充電するフ
ローチャート8 is a flowchart for charging a battery with the voltage and current characteristics shown in FIG.
１…電源 ２…充電制御手段 ３…入力フィルター ４…整流回路 ５…スイッチング部 ６…トランジスター ７…変換トランス ８…整流平滑回路 ９…ＰＷＭ制御回路 １０…フォトカプラ １１…スイッチング素子 １２…出力調整回路 １３…演算回路 １４…電圧検出回路 １５…電流検出回路 １６…定電圧充電回路 １６Ａ…作動アンプ １７…定電流充電回路 １７Ａ…作動アンプ １８…切換スイッチ １９…発振回路 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Power supply 2 ... Charge control means 3 ... Input filter 4 ... Rectifier circuit 5 ... Switching part 6 ... Transistor 7 ... Conversion transformer 8 ... Rectifier smoothing circuit 9 ... PWM control circuit 10 ... Photocoupler 11 ... Switching element 12 ... Output adjustment circuit Reference Signs List 13 arithmetic circuit 14 voltage detection circuit 15 current detection circuit 16 constant voltage charging circuit 16A operating amplifier 17 constant current charging circuit 17A operation amplifier 18 changeover switch 19 oscillation circuit
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) H02J 7/00 - 7/10 H04M 10/44 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) H02J 7/ 00-7/10 H04M 10/44
Claims (3)
１の電圧まで定電流または準定電流充電し、第１の電圧
で規制されたパルス充電に移行し、オン時間に充電電流
が設定値以下に達したときにパルス充電を終了し、第１
の電圧よりも低い第２の電圧で定電圧充電することを特
徴とする非水系二次電池の充電方法。In a method for charging a non-aqueous secondary battery, a constant current or a quasi-constant current charge is performed up to a first voltage, a transition is made to pulse charging regulated by the first voltage, and a charge current is set during an on-time. When the charge reaches the value or less, the pulse charging is terminated and the first
And charging the battery with a constant voltage at a second voltage lower than the voltage of the non-aqueous secondary battery.
１の電圧まで定電流または準定電流充電し、第１の電圧
で規制されたパルス充電に移行し、オフ時間の電池電圧
が設定値以上に達したときにパルス充電を終了し、第１
の電圧よりも低い第２の電圧で定電圧充電することを特
徴とする非水系二次電池の充電方法。2. A method for charging a non-aqueous secondary battery, comprising: charging at a constant current or a quasi-constant current up to a first voltage, shifting to pulse charging regulated by the first voltage, and setting a battery voltage during an off time. When the value reaches or exceeds the value, the pulse charging is terminated and the first
And charging the battery with a constant voltage at a second voltage lower than the voltage of the non-aqueous secondary battery.
１の電圧まで定電流または準定電流充電し、第１の電圧
で規制されたパルス充電に移行し、一定時間充電した後
パルス充電を終了し、第１の電圧よりも低い第２の電圧
で定電圧充電することを特徴とする非水系二次電池の充
電方法。3. A method for charging a non-aqueous secondary battery, comprising: charging at a constant current or a quasi-constant current up to a first voltage; shifting to pulse charging regulated by the first voltage; And charging the battery with a constant voltage at a second voltage lower than the first voltage.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26011592A JP3213401B2 (en) | 1992-09-29 | 1992-09-29 | Charging method for non-aqueous secondary batteries |
| TW82106452A TW228616B (en) | 1992-08-27 | 1993-08-12 | Method for charging a secondary cell |
| US08/111,976 US5442274A (en) | 1992-08-27 | 1993-08-26 | Rechargeable battery charging method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26011592A JP3213401B2 (en) | 1992-09-29 | 1992-09-29 | Charging method for non-aqueous secondary batteries |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06113474A JPH06113474A (en) | 1994-04-22 |
| JP3213401B2 true JP3213401B2 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
Family
ID=17343496
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26011592A Expired - Fee Related JP3213401B2 (en) | 1992-08-27 | 1992-09-29 | Charging method for non-aqueous secondary batteries |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3213401B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11575272B2 (en) | 2020-01-30 | 2023-02-07 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Method for charging battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW271470B (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-03-01 | Sanyo Electric Machinery Co Ltd | |
| JP3291402B2 (en) * | 1994-10-20 | 2002-06-10 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Rechargeable battery charging method |
| US5654622A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1997-08-05 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Secondary battery charging method and apparatus which controls protecting voltage level of battery protecting circuit |
| JP3620118B2 (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 2005-02-16 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Constant current / constant voltage charger |
| US5747969A (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1998-05-05 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of charging a rechargeable battery with pulses of a predetermined amount of charge |
| JP3439013B2 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2003-08-25 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Pulse charging method for secondary batteries |
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| JP3767068B2 (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2006-04-19 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Secondary battery charging device and charging method |
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| JP4502554B2 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社リコー | Secondary battery charging circuit |
| KR100459793B1 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2004-12-04 | 에스케이텔레텍주식회사 | Battery charger of mobile phone using constant voltage and pulse, and high speed charge method for the same |
| JP5075353B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2012-11-21 | 株式会社東芝 | Rechargeable battery charging method |
| JP4724047B2 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2011-07-13 | パナソニック株式会社 | Charging system, battery pack and charging method thereof |
| KR20090094006A (en) | 2006-12-26 | 2009-09-02 | 파나소닉 주식회사 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery charging method, electronic device, battery pack, and charging device |
| KR101653821B1 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-09-06 | 주식회사 엘란기어스 | Multistage charging method for Rechargeable Batteries and multistage charging device for rechargeable Batteries |
| DE102015200730A1 (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-07-21 | Leopold Schoeller | Battery-charging method |
| KR102255491B1 (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2021-05-24 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Apparatus and method for charging battery |
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| CN110945743B (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2023-10-27 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Charging device and charging method |
| JP6719853B1 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-07-08 | マレリ株式会社 | Charge control device, charge control method, and charge control program |
| CN110729520B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2024-02-20 | 力神（青岛）新能源有限公司 | Ternary battery rapid charging method |
-
1992
- 1992-09-29 JP JP26011592A patent/JP3213401B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11575272B2 (en) | 2020-01-30 | 2023-02-07 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Method for charging battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06113474A (en) | 1994-04-22 |
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