JP3168181B2 - Optimal blast design system - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optimum blast design system for excavating a tunnel or the like by a blast method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when a tunnel or the like is excavated by a blasting method, a blasting design is performed. In the blast design, the blast hole arrangement, the type and number of explosives, the length of the perforation for loading the explosive, whether to use a special explosive, the conditions for blasting, etc., determine the shape of the blast hole in the center of the tunnel, that is, the core removal shape I do.

[0003]

However, these factors are interrelated, and furthermore, the hardness of the rock mass,
It was difficult to find the optimal blasting pattern due to changes in ground conditions, such as the degree of crack development and the presence of springs and crush zones.

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide an optimum blasting design system which always presents an optimum blasting pattern at the time of blasting operation according to the ground conditions. Is to provide.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a database in which blasting patterns are recorded according to ground classification, and drilling of rock in front of a face, A borehole logging system that obtains quantitative geological data, and a face image processing system that obtains geological data by imaging the face, comprising:
Search for the optimal blast pattern from the database, make corrections to the searched blast pattern using the quantitative geological data and the geological data, actually blast, only traces, hole bottom condition etc. Examining the validity of the blast pattern, if the examination result is good, record the blast pattern in the database, if the examination result is not good, improve the blast pattern and record it in the database. This is the optimal blast design system.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an optimal blast design system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The optimal blast design system 1 includes a computer 3, a blast pattern database 5, and the like. The computer 3 executes the borehole logging system 7, the face image processing system 9, and the blasting design program 11 according to the present embodiment. The blast pattern database 5 stores blast patterns.

[0007] The blasting pattern database 5 stores optimal blasting patterns according to different ground classifications and the like. The borehole logging system 7 performs computer processing on drilling data such as the drilling speed and impact energy when drilling rock with a hydraulic drill, and grasps the state of distribution of rock mass and fracture energy in the state of image processing. To evaluate the geology ahead of the face. In addition, about the drilling logging system 7,
The present applicant has filed a patent application (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-4975).
6). The face image processing system 9 captures the face in the tunnel with a digital camera and processes the image with a personal computer to save labor and homogenize face sketch creation, and to grasp the geological state of the face in more detail.

[0008] The blasting design program 11 quantifies geological data 13 obtained from the data drilling logging system 7 and geological data obtained from the face image processing system 9 for the blasting pattern 17 retrieved from the blasting pattern database 5. Correction is performed based on the data 15.

Next, a blasting operation using the optimal blasting design system 1 will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a blasting operation using the optimal blasting design system 1. The optimal blasting design system 1 includes steps 201 to 2
04, an optimum blast pattern is determined for each blast.
First, ground classification is performed (step 201), and the blast pattern database 5 is searched according to the ground classification to set a blast pattern (step 202).

Next, quantitative geological data 13 such as a fracture energy coefficient obtained by the borehole logging system 7, geological data 15 such as a type of rock constituting the rock obtained by the face image processing system 9, and a drilling position The drilling situation is grasped using the data obtained by the centering angle measurement 19 (step 203), and the blasting design program 11 executes step 2
Modified the blast pattern obtained in 02 and blast pattern 1
7 (step 204).

When the blasting pattern 17 is determined, blasting is performed (step 205), and the crushing effect is confirmed (step 206). After the blasting, the cross section is measured, and only the traces, the state of the perforations are observed using the face image processing system 9, and the occurrence of shear and the scattering of the shear are confirmed, and the blasting effect is comprehensively evaluated. confirm. Next, the validity of the blast pattern is examined (step 207). That is, the validity of the blasting pattern 17 is based on the shape of the central portion of the tunnel after the blast,
In other words, the shape of the core, the position of the hole for placing the explosive other than the core, the amount of the explosive, the type of the explosive, the type of the primer, etc. are verified.

If the examination result is good, the blast pattern 1
7 is newly recorded in the blast pattern for each ground classification in the blast pattern database 5 (step 208). If, after review, we determine that we ’re not performing well,
The blast pattern 17 determined in step 204 is improved (step 209), and the improved blast pattern is recorded in the database 5. The blasting operation is repeated until the excavation work is completed. Returning to step 201, the process of determining the blasting pattern according to the condition of the ground in front of the new face is repeated again, and the excavation process proceeds.

Next, the processing of the borehole logging system 7 will be described. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the processing of the borehole logging system 7. Set the section to excavate (Step 3
01), a hole number is set for the hole to be drilled (step 302). The specified section is drilled with a hydraulic percussion drill, drilling data such as drilling speed, impact energy, and cracks in the rock are measured, and the result is recorded (step 303). When drilling of one hole is completed (Step 3
04), if there is another hole, return to step 302 to perform boring and collect drilling data.

When the drilling is completed for all the holes (step 305), it is recorded on a floppy disk or the like as a drilling data file. The drilling data is converted to a file (step 306), and the data is
Batch energy is calculated by a command to calculate the breaking energy (step 307). FIG. 4 shows the distribution of fracture energy measured when drilling for the purpose of loading explosives. Since the instantaneous drilling speed is used, the variation in the calculated value is large. Therefore, the average fracture energy is calculated (step 30).
8).

Further, a contour plot of the face is created (step 309). FIG. 5 is an example of a face contour diagram.
It can be seen that, even in a relatively narrow excavation area, regions having different fracture energy coefficients are complicated. Finally, a contour map of the face is output (step 310), the mechanical data obtained by the borehole logging system is put together, a rock class indicating the hardness of the rock is assigned, and the crack density of the ground is obtained to obtain the geological data. An evaluation is performed (step 311), and the result is output to the blast design program 11 as quantitative geological data 13.

Next, the blast design program 11 of the optimal blast design system 1 will be described. The blasting design program 11 uses the blasting pattern based on the quantitative geological data 13 in front of the face obtained from the borehole logging system 7 and the geological data 15 obtained by the face image processing system 9 for the blasting pattern. To correct. FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the blast design program, and FIG. 7 shows a blast pattern indicating the arrangement of holes for charging explosives. In FIG. 7A, A is a peripheral hole, B is a punching hole, C is a center hole, and D is a tread hole.

In the blasting design program, first, the number and arrangement of the centering holes C, the centering shape (step 601), the tread hole D (step 602), the peripheral hole A (step 603),
The hole B (step 604) is determined, the hole number and the number of holes are checked (step 605), and if the setting is not correct, the process returns to step 601. When the setting is completed, the type of explosive is determined, the dose is calculated (step 606), and the dose is confirmed (step 607). If the setting is not correct, the process returns to step 601.

Next, a level difference is set (step 60).
8) Finally, a blast pattern diagram shown in FIG. 7A is created and output according to the number and arrangement of the holes designed in Steps 601 to 605 (Step 609). FIG.
(A) is a blast pattern output by the blast design program. For example, blasting is performed using the blasting pattern of FIG. 7A (step 205), and the validity of the blasting pattern is examined (step 207). If the blasting pattern is not valid, as shown in FIG. The blast pattern is improved (step 209).

Next, a description will be given of the result of blasting using the blast design program 11 with the amount of explosives being fixed and the number of peripheral holes being used as a parameter. FIG. 8 is an example of a diagram showing a state of excavation in a tunnel when blasting is performed using a blasting pattern selected by the blasting design program 11. When the distance from the planned designed excavation line to the actual excavation line, that is, the extra excavation length is represented by D, the smoothness S is defined as in Expression (1). S = (ΔD × d) 1/2 (1) where ΔD: height difference (difference between maximum Dmax and minimum Dmin of extra length D) d: standard deviation (excess length D and its difference Di− ( Di +
1))

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the perforation interval / the average interval of cracks in the peripheral portion and the rate of reduction of surplus digging. The perforation interval at the peripheral portion is the distance between the peripheral holes A in FIG. The surplus reduction rate was defined as in equation (2), and 100% before the test. Excess reduction rate = excess excavation amount at each test blast / empirical excess excavation amount by blast pattern ... (2) According to Fig. 9, the ratio between the average crack interval and the peripheral hole perforation interval and the excess excavation reduction rate Has a high correlation.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the perforation interval in the peripheral portion and the rate of reduction of surplus digging. It can be seen that reducing the perforation interval in the peripheral area, that is, increasing the number of holes, significantly reduces the rate of reduction of surplus digging. In the case of normal blasting, when two holes are used, and when SB explosive with a lower explosive power is used than ordinary blasting, increasing the number of eight holes can reduce the excavation amount to 30%.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the perforation interval in the peripheral portion and the smoothness. When the hole spacing is reduced, the smoothness improves,
It can be seen that SB blasting is more effective than normal blasting. From the results of FIGS. 9 to 11, the blast design program 11 corrects the blast pattern with respect to the perforation interval in the peripheral portion and the type of explosive in order to reduce the amount of excavation and improve the smoothness.

As described above, in the blast design program 11,
For the purpose of reducing the amount of excavation and forming smooth wall surfaces,
It was found that the blasting pattern could be easily corrected and the desired effect was obtained.

[0024]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an optimum blasting design system which always presents an optimum blasting pattern according to the situation of the ground.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an optimal blast design system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a blasting operation using the optimal blasting design system 1.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a borehole logging system 7;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing distribution of fracture energy.

FIG. 5 is an energy contour diagram of a face-breaking surface.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a blast design program.

FIG. 7 is an example of a blast pattern diagram.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an excavation state in a tunnel when blasting is performed using a blasting pattern according to a blasting design program 11;

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the perforation interval / average crack interval at the peripheral portion and the excess dig reduction rate.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a relationship between a perforation interval in a peripheral portion and an excess digging reduction rate.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a relationship between perforation intervals and smoothness in a peripheral portion.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Optimum blast design system 3 Computer 5 Blast pattern database 7 Drilling logging system 9 Face image processing system 11 Blast design program 13 ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………… ………………… ………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ,, Numerical measurement

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yasuyuki Miyajima 2-9-1, Tobita-Shi, Chofu-shi, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Technical Research Institute (56) References JP-A-7-218199 (JP, A) JP-A-6 −249599 (JP, A) JP 7-116917 (JP, B2) JP 7-49756 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A database in which blasting patterns are recorded according to the ground classification, a drilling logging system for drilling a rock in front of a face to obtain quantitative geological data in front of the face, and an image of the face A face image processing system that obtains geological data by searching for the optimal blasting pattern from the database according to the type of blasting ground in which the blasting is performed. Data and the geological data are used for correction and actual blasting, and the validity of the blasting pattern is examined based on only traces, hole bottom conditions, etc.If the examination result is good, the blasting pattern is stored in the database. An optimum blasting design system, wherein the blasting pattern is recorded and, if the examination result is not satisfactory, the blasting pattern is improved and recorded in the database. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the blast pattern is corrected, the quantitative geological data and the geological data are used, and data obtained by measuring a drilling position and a centering angle are used. The optimal blast design system according to claim 1, wherein