JP3127785B2 - Gear tooth profile measuring device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring a tooth profile of a gear, and more particularly to an apparatus for measuring an error of a tooth profile of a helical gear.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tooth profile measurement is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-10 / 1987.
As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0601, a stylus (probe) is pressed against a tooth surface, and the stylus and a gear are relatively moved to slide the stylus along the tooth surface. This is done by measuring the displacement in the direction perpendicular to the tooth surface.

FIG. 12 shows a schematic configuration of the measuring apparatus. A gear 1 to be measured is held by a gear shaft 3 rotated by a servomotor 2, and is rotated by the servomotor 2. The amount of rotation is detected by the rotary encoder 4. This tooth car
The column 5 provided on the same base as the shaft 3 is configured to linearly move in a direction (Y direction) approaching / separating from the gear shaft 3 by the servomotor 6, and the moving amount is detected by a linear encoder 7. Is done.

A Z-axis head 9 that is linearly moved by a servo motor 8 in a direction (Z direction) parallel to the gear shaft 3 is mounted on the column 5, and the amount of movement is detected by a linear encoder 10. You. Further, an X-axis head 12 that is linearly moved by a servomotor 11 in a direction (X direction) orthogonal to the Z-axis head 9 is attached to the front of the Z-axis head 9, and the amount of movement is detected by a linear encoder 13. A stylus 14 that outputs a displacement amount by being pressed against and sliding on the tooth surface is attached to the X-axis head 12 via a detector 15.

The servo motor 2 for driving the gear shaft 3 is controlled by a controller 16, and the rotary encoder 4 is connected to the controller 16 via an interface 17. Column 5
And a controller 18 for selectively controlling any one of the servo motor 6 for driving the X-axis head 12 and the servo motor 8 for driving the Z-axis head 9 and the servo motor 11 for driving the X-axis head 12.
Is connected to the interface 17, and the interface 17 is further connected to the linear encoders 7, 10, and 13 and the detector 15.

An arithmetic control unit 19 is provided, and an input / output device such as a tape reader 20, a data typewriter 21, or an XY plotter 22 is connected to the arithmetic control unit 19.

When measuring the tooth profile with the above-mentioned device,
As shown in FIG. 13, while the column 5 and the Z-axis head 9 are fixed, the gear 1 is rotated by a predetermined angle .DELTA..theta.1, and the X-axis head 12 is moved by .DELTA.X in the X direction which is the tangential direction of the base circle. Draws an ideal involute tooth profile. In this case, a relationship represented by the following equation is established between ΔX and Δθ1, assuming that the base circle radius is rg.

ΔX = rg · Δθ1 Accordingly, the tip of the stylus 14 moves along the tooth surface on the surface 23 perpendicular to the central axis of the gear 1, and if there is no error in the tooth shape, the involute curve or A straight line with zero error is output, and if there is an error in the tooth profile, a curve or straight line changed according to the unevenness is output.

When the tooth trace is measured, as shown in FIG. 14, the gear 1 is rotated by a predetermined angle .DELTA..theta.2 while the column 5 and the X-axis head 12 are fixed.
The Z-axis head 9 is moved up and down by ΔZ in the drawing to draw an ideal lead. In this case, the relationship expressed by the following formula is established between ΔZ and Δθ2, where L is the lead.

ΔZ = L · Δθ 2 / 2π Accordingly, the tip of the stylus 14 moves on the cylinder 24 having the measurement diameter D along the axial direction, and according to the unevenness of the tooth surface along the moving direction. The displacement can be obtained, and an output corresponding to the displacement can be obtained.

[0011]

The tracing direction of the tooth surface by the stylus 14 at the time of measuring the tooth profile by the above-mentioned conventional apparatus is shown by a solid arrow in FIG. FIG. 16 shows the tracing direction of the tooth surface by the stylus 14 at the time of measuring the tooth streak, as indicated by solid arrows in FIG. On the other hand, since the helical gear has a torsion angle, meshing occurs with the mating gear with a predetermined contact width, and the contact width (simultaneous contact line) at each moment becomes as shown by a broken line in FIG.

That is, the conventional apparatus is designed to determine the shape on the plane perpendicular to the axis and the shape in the direction perpendicular to the plane in accordance with the method for determining the tooth profile in design. A tooth profile that reflects the meshing cannot be obtained directly.

Therefore, in order to obtain the tooth surface accuracy on the simultaneous contact line and the tooth surface accuracy in the traveling direction of meshing, measurement on a large number of planes which are close to each other and perpendicular to the axis, or a number of the surfaces whose diameters are different stepwise. perform measurements of the tooth trace direction of a circle cylinder on the teeth in simultaneous contact line which is obtained theoretically, it will be determined by interpolating the number of data obtained.

However, in such a method, since a portion that is not measured is interpolated, the measurement accuracy deteriorates at that point. In order to solve this problem, the number of measurement points must be increased as much as possible, which makes the measurement work and data processing cumbersome, and it is not possible to completely eliminate data interpolation. There was a limit to improvement.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide an apparatus capable of easily measuring a tooth profile in accordance with an actual meshing condition.

[0016]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention, in order to achieve the above object, the tooth surfaces of the helical gear tactile needle same
Intersects the direction along the contact line or the simultaneous contact line
It is characterized in that it is configured to move in the meshing traveling direction . In other words, in this invention, lotus the stylus
If while in contact with the tooth surface of the tooth wheel is moved along the tooth surface, the tooth profile measurement device of the gear for measuring the tooth profile based on the displacement in the direction perpendicular to the tooth surface of the probe, before Symbol Subaha car and a rotating mechanism for rotating at a pre-controlled amount about its central axis, its is given the stylus in contact with the tooth surface of the Subaha vehicle, the direction along the simultaneous contact line of the tooth surface of that Or at the same time
And it is characterized in that it comprises a moving mechanism Before moving in the traveling direction engagement intersecting the contact line.

[0017]

In the device according to the present invention, a helical gear with a stylus is provided.
The tooth profile is moved while being in contact with the tooth surface, and the tooth profile is measured by the amount of displacement caused by the displacement of the stylus in the direction perpendicular to the tooth surface. The relative movement between the stylus and the tooth surface of the case, in fact the are performed in accordance with the engagement of Subaha vehicle, therefore, the gear rotates at a pre-controlled amount about its center axis by a rotating mechanism Can be The stylus is the Rukami case to cross the or direction along the simultaneous contact line helical gear
It is caused to move to the direction of travel have. Data of the obtained tooth profile therefore, Rukami case be crossed simultaneous contact line or to
It is data of the tooth profile along the moving direction , and the tooth profile according to the actual meshing state can be measured.

[0018]

Next, the present invention will be described based on embodiments. FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the present invention,
A rotating shaft 30 for mounting a gear is provided on the bed 31 in a vertical direction, and a pin 32 for supporting the other shaft end of the gear is disposed above the rotating shaft 30 so as to face the rotating shaft 30. Have been.

A column 33 is arranged on the bed 31 so as to be able to reciprocate in a direction (Y direction) approaching / separating from the rotating shaft 30. A Z-axis head 34 that reciprocates in a direction parallel to the center axis of the rotation shaft 30, that is, in a vertical direction (Z direction) is mounted on the front surface of the column 33 on the rotation shaft 30 side. Further, an X-axis head 35 that reciprocates in the left-right direction (X direction) with respect to the rotating shaft 30 is attached to the front of the Z-axis head 34. A stylus 36 is attached to the front of the X-axis head 35 on the side of the rotation shaft 30 via a detector 37 for detecting the displacement thereof.

The rotary shaft 30 and the column 33 and the heads 34 and 35 of each shaft are rotated and driven by numerical control (NC). FIG. 2 schematically shows the control system, in which a servomotor 38 for driving the rotary shaft 30 is controlled by a rotary controller 39, and a rotary encoder 40 for detecting the amount of rotation is rotated by a rotary encoder 40. The controller 39 is connected to input a feedback signal. The servo motor 41 for linearly reciprocating the column 33 has a Y
The linear encoder 4 is controlled by a shaft controller 42 and detects the amount of movement of the column 41.
3 is connected to input a feedback signal to the Y-axis controller 42.

A servo motor 44 for linearly moving the Z-axis head 34 in the vertical direction is controlled by a Z-axis controller 45, and a linear encoder 46 for detecting the amount of movement moves a feedback signal to Z-axis. The input is connected to the axis controller 45. Further, a servomotor 47 for driving the X-axis head 35 in the left-right direction is controlled by an X-axis controller 48, and a linear encoder 49 for detecting the amount of movement in the X-direction transmits a feedback signal to the X-axis controller. 48 is connected to input.

These controllers 49, 42, 45,
A control device 50 for outputting a control signal is provided at 48, and the control device 50 is connected to the detector 37, while being connected to an output device 51 for outputting the control content or the detection result. Note that the rotation of the rotating shaft 30 and the moving direction of the stylus 36 are set as shown by + and-signs in FIG.

Next, the operation of the above-described apparatus, that is, the method of measuring the tooth profile by the above-described apparatus will be described. The gear to be measured is held between the rotation shaft 30 and the pin 32 so that both ends of the rotation axis coincide with the rotation shaft 30 and the pin 32, and the tip of the stylus 36 is connected to one of the teeth of one of the teeth of the gear. Contact the tooth surface. The gear tooth profile data is known in advance as design data, and necessary data is input to the control device 50, and the moving direction and the moving amount of the stylus 36 are set in advance.

First, the measurement of the tooth profile along the simultaneous contact line will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the gear 52 is rotated by a predetermined angle .DELTA..theta.
4 and the X-axis head 35 are moved by ΔZ and ΔX, respectively. These rotation angle Δθ11 and movement amounts ΔZ, ΔX
Is a value at which the tip of the stylus 36 moves along the simultaneous contact line obtained from the design data of the gear 52 to be measured, and a relationship represented by the following equation is established between them.

Δθ11 = ΔX / rg + 2π · ΔZ / L Therefore, the rotating shaft 30 and the two shaft heads 34, 35
Is controlled as described above, so that the tip of the stylus 36 moves so as to create a simultaneous contact line. The locus of the movement is shown on the action plane as indicated by the solid arrow in FIG.

Next, when measuring the tooth profile along the meshing direction, the control data of the Z-axis head 34 and the X-axis head 35 are converted so that the stylus 36 moves in a direction perpendicular to the above-mentioned moving direction. Gear 52 at a predetermined angle Δθ12
At the same time as rotating the shaft heads 34 and 35 by -Δ
Move by Z, ΔX. In this case, the relationship of the following formula is established for the rotation amount and the movement amount.

Δθ 12 = ΔX / rg + ΔZ · L / 2π · rg ² Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the stylus 36 moves obliquely while being in contact with the tooth surface, which is in the meshing direction, If this is expressed on the operation surface, it is as shown by the solid arrow in FIG. In FIG. 6, broken lines indicate simultaneous contact lines.

When the stylus 36 is moved in the simultaneous contact line direction or the meshing advance direction while keeping the stylus 36 in contact with the tooth surface as described above, the stylus 36 according to the shape of the tooth surface in the sliding process.
Is displaced in a direction perpendicular to the tooth surface, and this is detected by the detector 37 and input to the control device 50. The measurement data obtained in this way is stored in a memory together with the coordinate axes (ξ, η) on the action plane in consideration of the driving and driven meshing, as the error in the normal direction of the tooth surface. In this case, the coordinates on the action plane can be set, for example, as shown in FIG.

Of the measurement data thus obtained, the measured values of the drive gear and the driven gear at the same simultaneous contact line and meshing progress line on the action plane are added to each other to obtain the drive gear. The relative error of the tooth surface shape between the gear and the driven gear can be obtained. For example, in FIG. 8, a rectangular plane indicates an ideal involute tooth surface, whereas a line from to indicates a simultaneous contact line, and the drive gear and the driven gear at the positions of these simultaneous contact lines Assuming that the measured values are indicated by curves at respective locations, the data shown in FIG. 9 can be obtained by adding these measured values.

The maximum tooth surface shape error on the same simultaneous contact line is selected from the relative tooth surface shape error data shown in FIG. 9, the number of the simultaneous contact line moving with the meshing is taken on the horizontal axis, and the tooth is shown on the vertical axis. FIG. 10 shows a graph in which the surface shape error is obtained, and the rotational fluctuation (motion curve) of the meshing at the time of no load can be obtained from the above measurement result.

According to the measuring device described above, the stylus 36 is
As the helical gear is moved along the simultaneous contact line or the direction of meshing, the data obtained is controlled in the direction and the Y direction at the same time, so that the data obtained is easy and accurate. An error can be obtained.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be configured as shown in FIG. 11, for example. That is, the example shown in FIG. 11 arranges the Y-axis table 60 which reciprocates in the Y direction on the bed 31 and
A column 61 that is reciprocated in the X direction is disposed on the Y-axis table 60, and a Z-axis head 62 that is reciprocated in the vertical direction (Z direction) is provided on the front surface of the column 61 on the rotating shaft 30 side. Further, a second Z-axis head 63 is provided at the front of the Z-axis head 62 and can be moved up and down in the same direction.
Is attached. Even with such a configuration, the stylus 36 can be moved by numerical control in the three-dimensional direction, so that the measurement of the tooth shape along the simultaneous contact line or the meshing direction can be performed similarly to the apparatus shown in FIG. It can be carried out.

[0033] Also, devices definitive rotation and control system of the linear movement of the Invention This is not limited to that shown in FIG. 2, by the arc short performs rotation and control of each axis of the helical gear
Simultaneous contact line on the tooth surface or meshing with it
Any configuration can be used as long as the stylus can be moved in a short traveling direction .

[0034]

As described above, according to the control apparatus of the present invention, the stylus for detecting the displacement between the tooth surfaces as an error of the tooth profile by contacting and moving the tooth surface is provided.
Simultaneous contact line on gear tooth surface or crossing it
Since it is configured to move in the meshing direction, it is possible to directly detect an error of the tooth profile along the contact line or the meshing direction, and from the measurement result, the drive gear and the driven gear can be detected. The maximum value of the relative shape error can be obtained, and based on the maximum value, the variation pattern (motion curve) of the meshing transmission error accompanying the progress of meshing at the time of no load can be easily obtained. As a result ,
When instructing the correction shape of the helical gear tooth surface, it is possible to instruct the correction shape based on the meshing, and it becomes easy to instruct and execute the tooth surface correction. Further, since it is easy to obtain the above-described motion curve, it is easy to select the best gear combination in consideration of the meshing control from the positions of the manufactured gears.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining the drive system.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a situation where measurement is performed along a simultaneous contact line.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a movement locus of the stylus on an operation surface.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a situation in which measurement is performed along the engagement traveling direction.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a movement trajectory of the stylus on an operation surface.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining coordinates taken on an operation surface.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a measurement result along a simultaneous contact line for a driving gear and a driven gear.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relative tooth surface shape error obtained by combining the measurement results shown in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a motion curve created based on FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view for explaining another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram for explaining an example of a conventional measuring device.

FIG. 13 is a view for explaining a measurement state of a tooth profile in a plane perpendicular to an axis by a conventional device.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a measurement state of a tooth profile along a tooth trace direction by a conventional device.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the trajectory of the stylus on the working surface when the tooth surface of the helical gear is measured in a plane perpendicular to the axis by the conventional device.

FIG. 16 is a diagram in which a movement trajectory of a stylus in a case where a tooth profile is measured in a tooth trace direction by a conventional device is attached to an operation surface.

[Explanation of symbols]

 30 rotation axis 33 column 34 Z-axis head 35 X-axis head 36 stylus

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01B 5/00-5/30 G01B 21/00-21/32 G01M 13/02

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A while in contact with the tooth surface of the tooth wheel Helical the stylus is moved along the tooth surface, tooth profile of the gear to measure the tooth profile based on the displacement in the direction perpendicular to the tooth surface of the probe in the measurement device, before SL is a rotation mechanism which rotates in controlled amounts previously about its central axis the Subaha vehicle, its is given the stylus in contact with the tooth surface of the Subaha vehicle, its s teeth
The direction along or parallel to the simultaneous contact line
Tooth profile measuring device of the gear, characterized in that it comprises a differential meshing moving mechanism Before moving in the traveling direction.