JP2953418B2 - Biochemical analyzer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a biochemical analyzer used for measuring a specific component in a biological sample, a test piece used therefor, and a biochemical analysis method, and more particularly to medical and health care. The present invention relates to a biochemical analyzer for simultaneously measuring a plurality of components, a test strip used for the same, and an analysis method using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Multi-item measurement of components contained in body fluids such as urine and blood is usually performed by utilizing a color reaction when a sample solution and a reagent are mixed. In such a case, in a large-sized clinical test apparatus, measurement is performed by dispensing body fluid into a large number of test tubes. However, more simply, after a test piece having a reagent immobilized on paper or a dry film is immersed in a sample solution for a certain period of time, the degree of coloration of the test piece is read by a light source and a photosensor. . An example of such a simplified analyzer (conventional example 1) is disclosed in, for example,
No. 65145. FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of the analyzer described in the publication. FIG.
Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus main body includes a receiving table 51 on which a test piece 53 is set, and an upper rotatable support 5 on the upper side thereof.
2 are provided. The test strip 53 includes a reagent layer 54.
Has been immobilized. A photodiode 56 for measuring the amount of light via a glass plate 55 is provided inside the receiving table below a portion where the reagent layer 54 is located when the test piece 53 is set. On the other hand, a light-emitting diode 57 as a light source is provided inside the support 52 at a position facing the light-emitting diode 57. The test piece 53 is 5 × 120 m
One or a plurality of reagent layers 54 having a size of about 5 × 5 mm are immobilized on a piece of paper or plastic of about m. The reagent layer 54 is made of a reagent such as a dye that shows a color reaction when mixed with a body fluid. Although not shown, a cover for blocking external light is provided so as to cover the whole.

[0003] The measurement of a body fluid component using this analyzer is as follows.
This is performed as follows. (1) First, the test piece 53 is immersed in a bodily fluid to cause a reaction between the reagent and the bodily fluid. (2) The test piece 53 is pulled out of the body fluid and left for a certain time. (3) The test piece 53 is set on the receiving table 51. (4) The light emitting diode 57 is turned on, and the light quantity transmitted through the reagent layer 54 is measured by the photodiode 56. (5) An arithmetic unit (not shown) provided in the main body obtains the absorbance from the measured light amount. (6) The calculation unit calculates the substance concentration from the absorbance. In this way, the substance concentration is determined.

According to this analyzer, the concentration of a specific substance in a body fluid can be easily determined. Furthermore, by using an appropriate reagent, it is possible to quantify various components contained in the body fluid. However, this method includes a pedestal 51
There is a possibility that interference between the specimens may occur due to the adherence of the specimens to the like. If left unattended, adverse effects such as generation of offensive odor will occur. For this reason, a contrivance has been made to make the measurement system including the pedestal 51 detachable so that it can be cleaned. Although the transmitted light of the test piece 53 is measured in the above example, a method using reflected light is also widely used.

[0005] On the other hand, an example (prior art 2) of a simple type biochemical analyzer capable of simultaneously measuring a plurality of components is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-18966. FIGS. 12A and 12B are cross-sectional views schematically showing the configuration of the analyzer described in the above publication. Referring to FIG. 12, this analyzer has a window near the bottom of a waterproof case 61 having a bottomed cylindrical shape. This window includes a transparent plate 62, a reagent 63
And a reagent section made of filter paper 64.
Further, a light emitting diode 65 as a light source and a photodiode 66 as a light receiving element are supported by a frame 67 and fitted and fixed therein. The component measurement is performed based on the same principle as in Conventional Example 1 by immersing the waterproof case 61 in the sample liquid.

[0006]

The above-mentioned conventional analyzer has the following problems. First, a problem in the first conventional example is that labor other than measurement is required for cleaning the pedestal. If this washing is performed every time the analysis is performed, the time required for one analysis is significantly increased. On the other hand, if the washing is omitted to avoid this, interference between the specimens will occur, and the measurement accuracy will be reduced. That is, it is difficult to achieve both the simplicity and accuracy, which are the original advantages of the simplified analyzer.

On the other hand, the problem in the conventional example 2 is that miniaturization is difficult. In the conventional device exemplified in Conventional Example 2, a volume of at least 10 cm ³ is required only with the optical system. This is for the following reason. (1) A certain distance must be provided between the light source (light emitting diode 65) and the light receiving element (photodiode 66) so that the light does not directly enter the light receiving element (photodiode 66). (2) A partition must be provided between adjacent optical systems. (3) A cover for blocking external light is required. (4) Each component cannot be reduced in size to several mm square or less.

The difficulty in downsizing in Conventional Example 2 is due to the above reasons.

Further, if the number of items for simultaneous measurement is increased, the problem of cost increase is accompanied by the difficulty of miniaturization as described above. This is because the number of components such as a light source and a light receiving element increases as the measurement items increase, and not only the device becomes larger, but also the costs of the components themselves, and the costs associated with management and assembly increase.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a biochemical analyzer which is small and inexpensive and can simultaneously measure a large number of components, and an analytical method using the same. .

[0011]

According to the biochemical analyzer of the present invention, a quantitative analysis of a specific substance is carried out by using a test piece in which a reagent layer which causes a color reaction by a specific substance in a sample liquid is arranged at a plurality of positions. A biochemical analyzer that optically detects the degree of coloration of the test piece, and a housing that houses the optical system and into which the test piece is inserted. In the chemical analyzer, the optical system includes a light source for irradiating each of the reagent layers with light, and a light detection unit that receives light reflected from each of the reagent layers or transmitted from each of the reagent layers from the light source. And a contact type image sensor having a structure in which a photoelectric conversion element is provided at a position corresponding to each test layer in the light detection unit of the optical system .

[0012] Test pieces used in the biochemical analysis device of the present invention
Things, the inside plate member has a plurality of cavities communicating with the outside by pores, the reagent in the cavity of each respective is immobilized, at least one wall is transparent to form the cavity of each respective To
Used .

[0013] The biochemical analyzer according to the present invention comprises an optical system.
It is characterized in that a surface light source is used as the light source . For the above surface light source
Is preferably an organic EL element.

When the biochemical analyzer of the present invention and the above-described test piece are used, the end of the test piece far from the cavity is immersed in the sample solution, and the sample solution is introduced into the cavity by capillary action. Is inserted from the end close to the cavity into the main body of the apparatus having the optical measurement system, whereby the specific substance in the sample liquid can be quantified based on the color reaction caused by the reagent and the sample liquid .

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of an analyzer according to a first embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, there are upper and lower housings 1a and 1b. The surface light source 2 is built in the lower housing 1a, and the close contact image sensor 3 is built in the upper housing 1b. Between the surface light source 2 and the contact type image sensor 3, a thickness of about 1 mm,
A pocket 4 of about 0 to 30 mm is formed, into which a test piece 5 is inserted.

The test piece 5 is provided with a plurality of reaction chambers 6 therein, and the reaction chamber 6 is placed between the surface light source 2 and the contact image sensor 3 during measurement. One end of the inserted test piece 5 protrudes outside the main body by several cm.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line Aa in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line Bb in FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of the test piece 5. Referring to FIG. 2, a test piece 5 is inserted into a pocket 4. The reaction chamber 6 is sandwiched between the surface light source 2 and the close contact type image sensor 3 in a substantially close contact state. The reaction chamber 6 includes a capillary 8
Thereby, it communicates with both ends of the test piece 5. The diameter of the capillary 8 is about 0.1 to 1 mm. A reagent 7 is immobilized in the reaction chamber 6. The surface light source 2 has a thickness of several mm or less, and its width is set so as to cover all the reaction chambers 6. A thin film organic EL element or the like is suitable for the surface light source 2 because it is thin and has a large light emitting area. Alternatively, a diffusion plate, such as a light-emitting diode, provided in the vicinity to uniformly diffuse light may be used as the surface light source 2. A filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength corresponding to the target substance is appropriately added to these light sources. In a typical measurement, a wavelength of 540
Light of ６640 nm is often used.

Next, the contact type image sensor 3 is a device in which photoelectric conversion elements are arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array, and is a device that reads optical information in a state of being brought into close contact with an object. The contact type image sensor 3 generally has a photoelectric conversion element and a switching transistor formed by using an amorphous silicon thin film on a glass substrate, but may use an Si substrate. Either can be used in the present embodiment. The contact-type image sensor 3 has a structure in which the length is determined according to the width of the test piece 5 and a photoelectric conversion element is provided at a position corresponding to each reaction chamber 6. From these, the size of the contact type image sensor 3 is 1 to 5 mm in width and 10 to 30 mm in length.
About 1 mm in thickness. Since the number of the reaction chambers 6 is usually several tens inside or outside, it is technically very easy to manufacture a photoelectric conversion element corresponding to this number in the above size.

Referring to FIG. 3, a photoelectric conversion element 9 as a pixel of the contact image sensor 3 is provided at a position corresponding to each reaction chamber 6. The surface light source 2 has a light shielding film 10.
Is provided so that light is emitted only to a place corresponding to the reaction chamber 6. In the part that emits light, 500-
A filter 11 that transmits only a specific wavelength within a range of 700 nm is provided. With the above configuration, light transmitted through the adjacent reaction chambers 6 reaches the photoelectric conversion element without interfering with each other. It is desirable that the areas of the photoelectric conversion element 9 and the light emitting section are smaller than the reaction chamber 6. This is to prevent light other than light emitted from the reaction chamber 6 from being incident on the photoelectric conversion element 9. Although the number of photoelectric conversion elements 9 is four in FIG. 3, the number is not limited to four.

Next, referring to FIG. 4, which is a perspective view of the test piece 5, the test piece 5 includes a transparent substrate 12 and a transparent cover 13. A recess is formed near the left end of the transparent substrate 12,
This is a reaction chamber 6. The reaction chamber 6 has a diameter of 1 to
The depth is about 3 mm and the depth is about 0.1 to 1 mm. The transparent substrate 12 is provided with a groove 14 which communicates with the reaction chamber 6 and extends to the left and right ends of the substrate. The capillary 8 is formed by bonding the transparent substrate 12 and the transparent cover 13 together. Since the test piece 5 is disposable, its material is preferably inexpensive. For example, polyethylene, polypropylene and the like are suitable. In each of the reaction chambers 6, a reagent 7 that is mixed with a sample liquid to be measured and exhibits a color reaction is provided.
Has been immobilized. Table 1 shows examples of reagents used for measuring glucose, protein, occult blood, and urobilinogen in a general urine test.

[0022]

[Table 1]

With the above structure, without providing a partition and without increasing the number of parts at all,
Many independent biochemical reaction measuring optical systems can be formed in a space of less than 1 cm in thickness and several cm in width. In the above configuration, the surface light source 2 and the contact type image sensor 3 are connected to the test piece 5.
No cover is required to block external light. Although not shown, the housing 1 also incorporates a signal processing circuit, a power supply, a display unit, and the like as necessary.

Hereinafter, the measuring method according to the present embodiment will be described. FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic cross-sectional views showing a method of aspirating the sample liquid 15 and a method of setting the test piece 5 on the main body, respectively. With reference to FIG.
To aspirate the sample, the reaction chamber 6 side (arrow in the figure) is gripped from the middle of the test piece, and only the opposite end is immersed in the sample liquid 15. Then, the sample liquid 15 is sucked up to the reaction chamber 6 by capillary action. Next, the sample liquid that has reached the reaction chamber reacts with the reagent, and the absorbance changes. Subsequently, the test piece 5
Into the main body from the reaction chamber 6 side. When the test piece 5 is inserted, the power of the main body is turned on, and the measurement is started.

Next, the operation of the apparatus will be described with reference to the drawings.
explain. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the present apparatus. Referring to FIG. 6, surface light source 2 is connected to power supply 21. The photoelectric conversion element 9 is connected to a drive circuit 22 and a signal processing circuit 23. The signal processing circuit 23 is connected to the display unit 24 and the recording unit 25. Light emitted from the surface light source 2 is absorbed by the test piece 5 in an amount corresponding to the substance concentration, and is incident on the photoelectric conversion element 9. Then, the light amount is converted into an electric signal and output to the signal processing circuit 23. Next, the signal processing circuit 23 converts the output signal into a substance concentration and outputs it to the display unit 24 and the recording unit 25.

As described above, the present embodiment is
The following operational effects are obtained. (1) The volume of the optical system can be reduced to about 1/10. (2) Even if the number of measurement items is increased, there is no increase in volume. (3) The amount of reagent used can be reduced to about 1/10. (4) Easy assembly. (5) The sample does not adhere to the main body, and cleaning is unnecessary. (6) There is no interference between samples. (7) A cover that blocks external light is not required, and the device can be downsized.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of an analyzer according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, an organic EL formed in an island shape as the surface light source 2 is used.
An example in which a light-shielding film is not required for a surface light source by using an element will be described. Referring to FIG. 7, an organic EL element 17 as a surface light source is formed in an island shape on a substrate 16 made of glass. The position of the island-shaped organic EL element is a position corresponding to the reaction chamber 6. With such a configuration, the light-shielding film 10 becomes unnecessary. There are various types of organic EL elements 17, and each type of luminescent material has its own emission band. 500-700 usually used for biological measurement
Those emitting light in the nm range include, for example, perylene, coumarin, and aluminum complexes, and the light emission characteristics can be finely controlled by slightly changing the molecular structure. Therefore, by forming the organic EL element 17 having appropriate emission characteristics for each pixel, a filter for selecting a wavelength becomes unnecessary. In the present embodiment, for the above reasons, it is possible to reduce the cost of parts and the cost of managing and assembling them. Further, since the organic EL element 17 can be driven at a low voltage of about several volts and consumes very little power, the entire analyzer can be operated on a battery for a long time.

(Third Embodiment of the Invention) FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of an analyzer according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8, an organic EL element 17 as a light source and a contact image sensor 3 as a light receiving element are provided in the housing 1 in order from the bottom. The side wall of the case 1 is higher than the surface of the contact type image sensor 3, and the test piece 5 is fitted to the upper part of the contact type image sensor 3 on the side wall of the case.

The contact type image sensor 3 used here
Then, the photoelectric conversion element 9 is formed on the light shielding film 18,
Light emitted from the organic EL element 17 is prevented from directly entering from the back surface. On the other hand, the test piece 5 has an opaque substrate 19 on one surface and a transparent cover 13 on the other surface.
The transparent cover 13 is fitted to the side wall of the housing 1 such that the transparent cover 13 comes into contact with the close contact type image sensor 3.

In the case of performing a biochemical measurement in the present embodiment, light emitted from the organic EL element 17 is absorbed by a reaction product of the reagent 7 and the sample liquid 15 in the reaction chamber 6, The light enters the photoelectric conversion element 9. Then, the specific component of the sample liquid 15 is quantified from the change in the light amount of the specific wavelength read by the photoelectric conversion element 9. The light shielding film 1
Since there is a side wall of the reaction chamber 8 and the reaction chamber 6, light between adjacent elements hardly interferes with each other. It is good to cover with.

In the analyzer of the present embodiment, the connection between the organic EL element 17, the contact type image sensor 3 and the circuit is made by the housing 1
Can be performed only on one side, so that the configuration is simple and the assembly is easy. Further, since external light is completely blocked by the light-impermeable substrate 19 of the test piece 5 and the housing 1, a cover for light shielding becomes unnecessary, and the number of parts can be reduced and the apparatus can be downsized. it can. Furthermore, if a metal thin film is formed on the bottom surface of the reaction chamber 6, the amount of light incident on the photoelectric conversion element 9 can be increased.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of an analyzer according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
Referring to, the contact type image sensor 3 incorporates a drive circuit 22 made of polycrystalline silicon in addition to the photoelectric conversion element 9 made of amorphous silicon and a switching transistor 36 made of amorphous or polycrystalline silicon. Have been. Since the drive circuit 22 can be formed by the same process as the photoelectric conversion element 9 and the switching transistor 36, there is almost no increase in manufacturing cost due to the built-in drive circuit 22. Therefore, the cost can be reduced by about 20% as a whole. Also, by further integrating,
It is also possible to take in a part of the signal processing circuit.

(Embodiment 5) FIG. 10 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
1 is a schematic perspective view of an analyzer according to an embodiment. As shown in the drawing, in the present embodiment, a handle 31 is provided on one of the long sides of the test piece 5. This handle 31
By gripping the sample liquid and aspirating the sample liquid or setting the sample liquid in the main body, the elderly person and the sick with severe symptoms can be easily handled. The handles 31 may be attached to both sides.

[0034]

As described above, according to the present invention, a surface light source is used as a light source of an optical system of a biochemical analyzer, and a photoelectric conversion element is provided at a position corresponding to each test layer in a photodetector. Is used.

Thus, according to the present invention, the entire apparatus can be made large.
It can be small and inexpensive in width.

Further, power consumption can be reduced,
It can be used for a long time.

With respect to the biochemical analyzer of the present invention, the color
The structure of the test piece for performing the
It has a plurality of cavities that communicate with the outside by pores,
Reagents are immobilized in the sinuses and form a small cavity for each.
Both walls have a transparent structure.
Immerse the end farther from the cavity in the sample into the sample
Can be introduced into the cavity by capillary action,
Biochemical analysis without the need for instrument cleaning
become.

[0038]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of a biochemical analyzer according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line Aa in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line Bb in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a test piece according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the biochemical analysis method according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a biochemical analyzer according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view showing a structure of a biochemical analyzer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view showing a structure of a biochemical analyzer according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration of a contact image sensor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a test piece according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a conventional biochemical analyzer.

FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing another example of a conventional biochemical analyzer.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a, 1b Case 2 Surface light source 3 Contact image sensor 4 Pocket 5 Test piece 6 Reaction chamber 7 Reagent layer 8 Capillary tube 9 Photoelectric conversion element 10, 18 Light shielding film 11 Filter 12 Transparent substrate 13 Transparent cover 14 Groove 15 Sample liquid Reference Signs List 16 substrate 17 organic EL element 19 opaque substrate 21 power supply 22 drive circuit 23 signal processing circuit 24 display unit 25 recording unit 31 handle

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G01N 21/78 G01N 31/22 121 G01N 33/52

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A biochemical analyzer for performing quantitative analysis of a specific substance using a test piece in which a reagent layer that causes a color reaction by a specific substance in a sample liquid is arranged at a plurality of positions,
In a housing provided with a space for inserting the test piece,
A light source for irradiating each test layer of the test piece with light;
The light source passes through each of the reagent layers or reflects off the reagent layers.
Optical system consisting of a photodetector that receives the reflected light
In the biochemical analyzer, the light detection unit is configured to transmit or reflect light from each test layer.
Biochemical analysis apparatus, characterized in that the light receiving position of the light consists of a contact type image sensor of the structure in which the photoelectric conversion elements are provided, wherein the light source is a surface light source. 2. The biochemical analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the surface light source is an organic EL device. 3. The liquid crystal display according to claim 2 , wherein said surface light source comprises a plurality of organic EL elements selectively disposed in a shape of said reagent layer at a position corresponding to said reagent layer. Chemical analyzer. At least one of wherein said plurality of organic EL elements are characterized by having different emission characteristics other, 請
The biochemical analyzer according to claim 3 .