JP2805310B2 - Solar heat selective absorption thermal insulation composite sheet - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a heat selective absorption technology that effectively absorbs solar heat and has a small loss due to heat radiation. The present invention relates to a solar heat selective absorption heat retaining sheet material and a solar heat selective absorption heat retention composite sheet using the solar heat selective absorption heat retention sheet material.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, solar heat energy utilization technology has been attracting attention, and multi-layer materials such as metal / dielectric multilayer films or semiconductor anti-reflection films have been developed as solar heat selective absorbers and will be used in thermoelectric generators and the like. And

The solar radiation spectrum has a peak around 0.5 μm and contains 95% of the total energy between 0.3 and 2.0 μm. Therefore, as a material that selectively absorbs solar heat, absorption is large in a wavelength range of 0.3 to 2.0 μm, and
It is necessary to have a condition that the emissivity in the infrared region of 2.0 μm or more is small and the radiation loss of heat is small. Has been used to satisfy this condition.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, the conventional multi-layer solar heat selective absorbers described above have a complicated process of forming a film, which not only increases the production cost, but also makes it difficult to maintain the film surface permanently. Was difficult to introduce.

The applicant has previously elucidated that the carbides of transition metals belonging to Group IV of the periodic table efficiently absorb and absorb solar heat. As the absorbing material, a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet material, a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet using the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet material, or a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating composite sheet were proposed.

However, the metal carbides used in these prior arts are expensive and hard, so they are difficult to pulverize,
There is a problem that it is difficult to obtain uniformity during film formation or kneading.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solar heat absorbing heat insulating sheet that can reduce production costs and can be easily obtained as an industrial product.

[Means for solving the problem]

That is, the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet and the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating material of the present invention contain, as a main component, one or more of oxides and / or carbides of metals present between atomic numbers 24 to 29. The gist is that.

Metals existing between atomic numbers 24-29 are Cr, Mn, Fe, Co,
Ni and Cu. These metals are used in the form of oxides and carbides (hereinafter, referred to as “base materials”), and the most effective ones are oxides or carbides of Cr. These base materials are pulverized into fine powders and used as the main components in a single or a mixture of two or more.

In addition, a carbide of transition metal belonging to Group IV of the periodic table or Al may be added to the base material in the form of fine powder as an auxiliary component. The transition metal carbides belonging to Group IV of the periodic table include TiC, Zrc, HfC, etc. Among these substances, ZrC can be used effectively because it has the most efficient selective absorption.

The substance of the present invention comprising the above base material as a main component, (3) as a main component, one or more of oxides and / or carbides of metals present between atomic numbers 24 to 29,
This is a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet material obtained by mixing the mixture of the main component and the subcomponent with a binder.

The solar heat selective absorption heat retaining sheet of the above (1) may be formed by weaving, knitting or entangled a material obtained by molding a binder hybrid product into a fibrous form, or forming it into a woven, knitted or nonwoven sheet. Alternatively, the above-mentioned binder hybrid product can be formed by extending the film.

Sub-components that are added to the above main components are
There are carbides and / or Al of transition metals belonging to Group IV.

As the binder, polyamide or polyester is used, and as the base material, a rigid body such as hard synthetic resin, glass, porcelain or metal, or a soft body such as a soft synthetic resin or natural rubber is used.

[Action]

The solar heat selective absorption heat insulating material or the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet according to the present invention is made of a metal oxide and / or carbide present between atomic numbers 24-29 such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. Since it is a main component, it has a feature that pulverization and other treatments can be relatively easily performed, and it can be kneaded with an auxiliary component to correspond to various forms.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, specific embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

Example 1 This example shows a configuration of a composite sheet in which a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet material is provided on various substrate surfaces or thicknesses.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a flexible substrate made of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric or a film of vegetable fiber, animal fiber or synthetic resin fiber. Cr, Mn, F with particle size of 3μm or less
e, Co, Ni and Cu oxides and / or carbides One or more base material powders (marked with a circle in the figure), 5 parts, a particle size of 1 μm
A mixed powder containing 3 parts of the following Al powder (marked with x in the figure)
20 parts by weight of a polyurethane resin binder are mixed at a ratio of 20 parts by weight, and the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet material 2 which is uniformly dispersed by stirring is applied to the surface of the flexible base material 1 and then the binder is applied. The solar heat selective absorption film 3 is formed on the surface of the flexible substrate 1 by curing the components. The optical properties of this solar heat selective absorption thermal insulation sheet are as follows:
Highly selective absorption between 0.3 and 2.0 μm, and 2.0 μm
m, the emissivity in the infrared region is small, and it has high absorptivity of sunlight and high reflectivity in the infrared region.

The solar heat-absorbing heat-insulating sheet having the above structure can be used as an interior interior material such as a curtain, a jutan, a wallpaper, a fusuma paper, and a covering sheet material such as a tent, a greenhouse roof sheet, and a peripheral wall sheet.

Further, the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet of this embodiment is the second type.
By partially disposing the solar heat selective absorption film 2 with respect to the flexible base material 1 as shown in the figure, not only the absorptivity of sunlight and the heat retention performance can be adjusted, but also the flexibility is improved. By forming the base material 1 from a transparent material, the transparent window 4 that transmits the direct sunlight can be formed.

Example 2 FIGS. 3 and 4 show a structure in which a solar heat selective absorption heat retaining sheet material is spun to form a sheet.

First, a base material powder having a particle size of 10 μm or less is blended with molten nylon 6 at an addition ratio of 2% by weight, and the kneaded composition is discharged as a 70 denier raw yarn 5 by a screw type melt spinning machine. The raw yarn 5 is used as warp and weft yarn as a solar heat selective absorption fiber and woven in a plain weave taffeta.

The raw yarn 5 itself has solar heat selective absorption, and can be formed into a sheet by knitting or non-woven molding as well as woven fabric.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a composite fabric using the above-mentioned original yarn 5 as the weft or warp and using the yarn 6 such as vegetable fiber, animal fiber or synthetic resin fiber as the warp or weft is used. You can also.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the above-mentioned solar heat selective absorbent fiber constitutes a core fiber by the raw yarn 5, and
The fiber is spun into a hollow portion of a sheath fiber 7 made of a synthetic resin, glass, or the like so as to have a core-sheath structure in which the raw yarn 5 is inserted, and the yarn having the core-sheath structure is woven as in the above embodiment. It can be formed into a sheet by knitting or non-woven forming.

As in the first embodiment, the solar heat selective absorbing heat retaining sheet of this embodiment is a covering sheet material such as curtain, jutan, wallpaper, fusuma paper and other interior interior materials, tents, greenhouse roof sheets, and peripheral wall sheets. In addition, it is used as cloth for general clothing such as hats, gloves, socks, etc., as a heat insulating material such as medical or exercise pads or supporters, as bedding cloth such as blankets, duvet covers, kotatsu covers, and footwear materials such as shoes. can do.

Example 3 The example shown in FIG. 6 shows the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet material 1 extended in a film shape.

Mixing of 1 part or more of one or more oxides and / or carbides of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu with a particle size of 3 μm or less mixed with 3 parts of Al powder with a particle size of 1 μm or less The powder is blended with a vinyl resin at an addition ratio of 2% by weight, kneaded sufficiently to prepare a kneaded composition which is uniformly dispersed, and then spread into a film having a predetermined thickness.

This solar heat-absorbing heat-absorbing sheet is useful as a greenhouse roof sheet and peripheral wall sheet material.
It exhibits high absorption rate and high selective absorption of sunlight among 2.
The effect of suppressing radiation in the infrared region of 0 μm or more was significant.

This film-like sheet is also useful as a covering sheet material for a greenhouse or a hotbed.

Example 4 FIG. 7 shows a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating composite material in which the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet 8 of Example 3 is sandwiched between two glass plates 9 and 9 to form a laminated glass. It exhibits high selective absorption of sunlight and high radiation characteristics in the infrared region, which are close to the optical characteristics of No. 3.

Therefore, this solar heat selective absorption heat insulating composite material is useful as window glass, automotive window glass or greenhouse glass.

Example 5 A coffee cup 12 shown in FIG.
5 parts of a base material powder composed of one or two or more oxides and / or carbides of n, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, mixed with 3 parts of Al powder having a particle size of 2 μm or less, and mixed with 5 parts of glass powder It is blended at an addition rate of% by weight, melted, sufficiently kneaded and uniformly dispersed, and then molded.

That is, when the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating material of the present invention is used as a food container such as a coffee cup, heat retention of the contents can be achieved by the property of reflecting heat in the infrared region. Therefore, as compared with the temperature drop of the hot water stored in the glass coffee cup of the same type, the temperature drop gradient of the coffee cup made of the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating material of the present invention is kept small, and the heat insulating performance is excellent.

Embodiment 6 FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of a roof tile 13 using porcelain clay as a base material.

Mixing of 1 part of Al powder with a particle size of 5 μm or less mixed with 5 parts of a base material powder composed of one or more oxides and / or carbides of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu with a particle size of 10 μm or less The powder is blended with the clay powder at an addition rate of 5% by weight, and the mixture is kneaded with water, molded into a roof tile shape, and fired at a relatively low temperature.

Embodiment 7 FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a solar heat selective absorbing and heat retaining unglazed tile 14.

Base material and Al with relatively coarse particles in the porcelain clay forming the dough
A kneaded composition in which particles are sufficiently kneaded and uniformly dispersed is formed into a predetermined tile shape, and then fired at a high temperature.

FIG. 11 shows a glazed tile 15 showing an embodiment in which a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating material is provided on the surface of a base material. This glazed tile 15 is a tile substrate 16 made of fired clay.
After applying a glaze 17 obtained by kneading ZrC and Al particles having a relatively fine particle size with respect to the glaze such as silicon particles,
It is fired at high temperature.

That is, the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating material, while appropriately selecting the base material, the base material powder to be mixed with the base material and the mixing ratio of the base material powder and the Al powder or the carbide of the transition metal belonging to Group IV of the periodic table. By adjusting the temperature, various heat-retaining or solar heat absorbing articles can be formed.

○ Synthetic resin substrate Greenhouse panel, thermal bathtub, thermal bath lid, thermal container, outer wall panel, roof panel, hot water pipe, etc. ○ Glass substrate Greenhouse glass, glass for vehicles, thermal container, tile, tile,
Kitchen utensils such as exterior wall panels, shingles, pots, and heat-insulating dishes, etc. Porcelain base material Kitchen tools such as tiles, tiles, pots, etc. Incidentally, specific examples of the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating material according to the present invention have been described, but not only Al but also ZrC, TiC, HfC, etc. as subcomponents. Needless to say, a carbide of a transition metal belonging to Group IV of the periodic table can be used.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the solar heat selective absorption heat retaining composite sheet material according to the present invention has atomic numbers of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu.
A main component comprising a base material containing one or two or more oxides and / or carbides of a metal present between 24 and 29; and a carbide and / or a transition metal belonging to Group IV of the periodic table.
Or, by forming a mixture of aluminum in a planar or three-dimensional shape, the member exhibits a high absorption function of solar heat and a function of suppressing radiation loss of heat in the infrared region, and is excellent in selective absorption of solar heat and excellent heat retention. Materials can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view showing an embodiment in which a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet material is provided on a base material, FIG. 2 is a front view showing another embodiment of a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the solar heat selective absorbent heat retaining sheet obtained by spin-weaving the solar heat selective absorbent heat retaining sheet material, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the solar heat selective absorbent heat retaining sheet. FIG. 5 is an enlarged end view of the fiber showing the solar heat selective absorption heat insulating fiber having a core-sheath structure, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a solar heat selective absorption heat insulation sheet obtained by extending a solar heat selective absorption heat insulation sheet material in a film form. FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating composite material, and FIG. 8 is a coffee cup showing a first embodiment of the solar heat selective absorption heat insulation material of the present invention. Partially cutaway front view, Fig. 9 shows solar heat selection FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a roof tile showing a second embodiment of a heat-insulating heat insulating material, FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing a solar heat selective absorption heat insulating unglazed tile, and FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Flexible base material 2 ... Solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet material 3 ... Solar heat selective absorption film 4 ... Transparent window part 5 ... Original yarn 6 ... Thread 7 ... Sheath fiber 8 ... Solar heat selective absorption heat insulating sheet 9 ... Glass Plate 12 Coffee cup 13 Roof tile 14 Unglazed tile 15 Glazed tile 16 Tile substrate 17 Glaze ○ Base material (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu oxide and / or carbide powder) Al … Aluminum powder

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-58-1760 (JP, A) JP-A-58-217158 (JP, A) JP-A-1-256759 (JP, A) 38582 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C09K 5/00 C03C 14/00 C03C 27/12 WPI / L (QUESTEL)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A binder obtained by mixing one or more of oxides and / or carbides of a metal present between atomic numbers 24 to 29 as a main component and kneading the mixture of the main component and subcomponent directly or together with the binder. Weaving, knitting, or entanglement of a composite product formed into a fibrous form to form a woven, knitted, or nonwoven sheet-like solar heat-absorbing heat-insulating sheet made of a glass plate, a synthetic resin or A solar heat-selective absorbent heat-insulating composite sheet that is sandwiched and integrated between various sheet materials such as paper. 2. The solar heat selective absorption and heat retention composite sheet according to claim 1, further comprising, as an auxiliary component, a component obtained by adding and blending a powder of a fiber metal carbide belonging to Group IV of the periodic table. 3. The composite sheet according to claim 1, further comprising, as an auxiliary component, a component obtained by adding and blending Al powder. 4. The composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein the binder is polyamide or polyester.