JP2793740B2 - Surveying instrument - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a collimating optical system for collimating a distance measuring object, a distance measuring optical system for measuring a distance to the distance measuring object, and a distance measuring object. And an automatic tracking optical system that scans in the vertical and horizontal directions to automatically track the body of the surveying instrument to the object to be measured.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a surveying instrument has a collimating optical system for collimating a corner cube as an object to be measured.
A distance measuring optical system for measuring a distance to a distance measuring object,
2. Description of the Related Art There is known an apparatus including an automatic tracking optical system that scans a distance measuring object in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction to automatically track a surveying instrument body to the distance measuring object. In this conventional surveying instrument, the automatic tracking optical system is provided independently of the distance measuring optical system and the collimating optical system.

[0003]

However, in the conventional surveying instrument, the optical axis of the automatic tracking optical system is deviated from the optical axis of the collimating optical system and the distance measuring optical system. Since the distance measurement center of the system is matched with the tracking center of the automatic tracking optical system, even if automatic tracking can be performed without difficulty for distance measurement of a long distance measurement target, short distance measurement is possible. Regarding the distance measurement of the object, a deviation occurs between the tracking center of the automatic tracking optical system and the distance measurement center of the distance measurement optical system based on the deviation between the optical axis of the collimating optical system and the optical axis of the automatic tracking optical system, There is a problem that a light beam used for distance measurement reflected by the object to be measured fluctuates according to the distance measurement distance, and the distance measurement accuracy is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to automatically track a distance measuring center of a distance measuring optical system regardless of the distance to a distance measuring object. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surveying instrument that can match the tracking center of an optical system.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a surveying instrument according to the present invention has a collimating optical system for collimating an object to be measured and a distance to the object to be measured. A distance measuring optical system for measuring a distance, and the object to be measured in a vertical direction,
An automatic tracking optical system that scans in the horizontal direction to automatically track the surveying instrument main body to the object to be measured, wherein the collimating optical system has an objective lens having a penetrating portion, and an optical path of the collimating optical system. Is provided with a first reflecting member that reflects tracking light emitted from the tracking light projecting system so as to be emitted through the through portion, and is reflected by the object to be measured and enters through the objective lens. A second reflecting member is provided for reflecting the tracking light toward a tracking light receiving system of the automatic tracking optical system, and reflects a light beam from the light projecting system of the distance measuring optical system toward the objective lens and measures a distance. A third reflecting member is provided for reflecting the reflected light beam from the object toward the light receiving system of the distance measuring optical system via the objective lens.

[0006]

According to the surveying instrument according to the present invention, the measurer can collimate the object to be measured by looking into the collimating optical system. Tracking light emitted from the tracking light projecting system of the automatic tracking optical system is reflected by the first reflecting member provided in the optical path of the collimating optical system, and is made coaxial with the optical axis of the collimating optical system. The light is projected toward the object to be measured through the penetrating portion. The tracking light reflected by the object to be measured is condensed via the objective lens, reflected by the second reflecting member provided in the optical path of the collimating optical system, and received by the tracking light receiving system of the automatic tracking optical system. . The distance measuring light beam of the distance measuring optical system is reflected by the third reflecting member provided in the optical path of the collimating optical system, projected on the object to be measured via the objective lens, and reflected by the object to be measured. The distance luminous flux is guided to the third reflecting member via the objective lens, reflected by the third reflecting member, and received by the distance measuring optical system.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a surveying instrument according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a survey stand, and 2 denotes a corner cube as a distance measuring object set at a measuring point. The survey stand 1 is installed on the ground here. The surveying instrument 1 is provided with a surveying instrument 3. The surveying instrument 3 has a fixed base 4 and a horizontal rotating unit 5. The horizontal rotation unit 5 is shown in FIG.
Is rotated in the direction of arrow A with respect to the fixed base 4 as shown in FIG.
It has a support portion 6. The support portion 6 is provided with a vertical rotation shaft 7, and the vertical rotation shaft 7 is provided with a surveying instrument main body 8. The surveying instrument body 8 is rotated in the horizontal direction by the rotation of the horizontal rotation unit 5 and is also rotated in the vertical direction by the rotation of the vertical rotation shaft 7 as shown by the arrow B in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, a collimating optical system 9, a distance measuring optical system 10, an automatic tracking optical system 1
1 is provided. The collimating optical system 9 plays a role of collimating the corner cube 2, and includes a cover glass 12, an objective lens 13, and an optical path combining prism 1 as a first reflecting member.
4. It has an optical path splitting prism 15, a focusing lens 16, a Porro prism 17, a focusing mirror 18, and an eyepiece 19. The objective lens 13 has a through portion 20. Optical path synthesis prism 1
Reference numeral 4 denotes a part of the tracking light projecting system 11A of the automatic tracking optical system 11. The automatic tracking optical system 11 serves to scan the object to be measured in the vertical and horizontal directions to automatically track the surveying instrument body to the object to be measured, and the tracking light projecting system 11A includes a laser diode 21 and a collimator lens 22. , Horizontal deflection element 23, vertical deflection element 24, reflection prism 2
5, 25 '. The laser diode 21 emits infrared laser light (wavelength 900 nanometers) as tracking light, and the collimator lens 24 converts the infrared laser light into a parallel light beam. An acousto-optic element is used for the horizontal deflection element 23 and the vertical deflection element 24. As shown in FIG. 4, the horizontal deflection element 24 deflects the infrared laser light in the horizontal direction H, and the vertical deflection element 25 Deflects the infrared laser light deflected in the horizontal direction H in the vertical direction V. The optical path combining prism 14 serves as a first reflecting member that matches the optical axis O1 of the tracking light projecting system 11A with the optical axis O of the collimating optical system 9, which is the optical axis of the objective lens 13, and serves as a reflecting surface 14
has a. The infrared laser light deflected in the horizontal direction H and the vertical direction V is reflected by the reflecting prisms 25 and 25 'and the total reflection surface 14a and guided to the objective lens 13,
The light is emitted to the outside of the surveying instrument main body 8 through the penetrating portion 20 and the corner cube 2 is scanned. The corner cube 2 is scanned in the horizontal direction H as shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 26 denotes a beam spot of the infrared laser light P in a plane including the corner cube 2.

The infrared laser light P reflected by the corner cube 2 is condensed by the entire area of the objective lens 13 and guided to the optical path splitting prism 15. The optical path splitting prism 15 has a reflecting surface 15a and a reflecting surface 15b. Reflective surface 15
“a” reflects the infrared laser light P toward the tracking light receiving system 11B of the automatic tracking optical system 11. The tracking light receiving system 11B is roughly composed of a noise light removing filter 27 and a light receiving element 28. The optical axis O2 of the tracking light receiving system 11B is also coincident with the optical axis O of the collimating optical system 9, and the optical path splitting prism 15 is visible. It functions as a second reflecting member that transmits light in the region and reflects the infrared laser light toward the tracking light receiving system 11B.

The distance measuring optical system 10 includes a light projecting system 29 and a light receiving system 30.
The light projecting system 28 has a laser light source 31, and the light receiving system 29 has a light receiving element 32. The light projecting system 29 and the light receiving system 30 have a triangular prism 32. Laser light source 30
Emits an infrared laser light wave as a distance measuring light beam. Its wavelength is 800 nanometers, which is different from the wavelength of the infrared laser light P. The infrared laser light wave is reflected by the reflecting surface 32a of the triangular prism 32 and guided to the reflecting surface 15b of the optical path splitting prism 15. The reflection surface 15b transmits light in the visible region and reflects light in the infrared region including light with a wavelength of 800 nanometers. The infrared laser light wave guided to the reflecting surface 15b passes through the reflecting surface 15a, passes through the lower half area 34 of the objective lens 13 as shown in FIG. Is done. The infrared laser light wave is reflected by the corner cube 2 and passes through the cover glass 12 to the objective lens 1.
3, the light is condensed by the upper half area 35 of the objective lens 13, passes through the reflecting surface 15a of the optical path splitting prism 15, and is guided to the reflecting surface 15b. Led to the light receiving element 3
Converged to 3. The light-receiving output of the light-receiving element 33 is input to a known measuring circuit (not shown), and the corner cube 2
The distance to is measured. Therefore, the optical path splitting prism 1
Reference numeral 5 also functions as a third reflecting member that matches the optical axis O3 of the distance measuring optical system with the optical axis O of the collimating optical system.

Reference numeral 36 denotes a flashing red lamp.
Reference numeral 37 denotes a collimator lens. The optical axis of the collimator lens is parallel to the optical axis O of the collimating optical system 9, and a parallel infrared light beam is emitted from the surveying instrument main body to the corner cube 2, The collimating direction of the surveying instrument body can be confirmed from the side.

The luminous flux in the visible region is reflected by the objective lens 2
0, an optical path splitting prism 15, a focusing lens 16, and a focusing mirror 16, which are guided to a focusing mirror 18 via a porro prism 17. The measured person can collimate the object to be measured by looking through the visible image formed on the focusing mirror 18 through the eyepiece 19.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show a modification of the optical path splitting prism 15 according to the present invention, in which the optical path is split by using a cylindrical prism 38. FIG.

The cylindrical prism 38 has three reflecting surfaces 38.
a, 38b and 38c. The reflecting surface 38a reflects the distance measuring light wave emitted from the laser light source 31 toward the objective lens 13, and the reflecting surface 38b reflects the distance measuring light wave reflected by the corner cube 2 and incident on the objective lens 13.
3, the reflecting surface 38c reflects the tracking light condensed through the objective lens 13 toward the light receiving element 28, and the vertex of each reflecting surface coincides with the optical axis O. In the case of this modification, the tracking light collected through the upper area 35 of the objective lens 13 is guided to the light receiving element 28.

In this embodiment, the objective lens 13 is provided with the penetrating portion 20. A parallel flat plate is disposed in the penetrating portion 20, or the front and rear surfaces of the central region of the objective lens 13 are flat-polished. However, this area may be formed as a parallel plane mirror to form the penetrating portion 20.

[0017]

The scanning optical system according to the present invention is constructed as described above. Therefore, regardless of the distance to the object to be measured, the distance measuring center of the distance measuring optical system and the tracking center of the automatic tracking optical system are used. Is achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an installation state of a surveying instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an installation state of a surveying instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optical system of the surveying instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for schematically explaining deflection by an automatic tracking optical system.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of scanning by an automatic tracking optical system.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the objective lens shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a front view of a cylindrical prism, showing a modification of the optical path splitting prism shown in FIG. 3;

8 is a side view of the cylindrical prism shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Corner Cube (Range Measurement Object) 9 Collimation Optical System 10 Distance Measurement Optical System 11 Tracking Optical System 13 Objective Lens 14 Optical Path Synthetic Prism (First Reflection Member) 15 Optical Path Separation Prism (Second and Third Reflection Members) 20 Penetration O, O1, O2, O3 Optical axis

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Ikuo Ishinabe 75-1, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo Topcon Corporation (72) Inventor Ryuji Musashi 75-1, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo Topcon Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroshi Inaba 75-1, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Inside Topcon Corporation (72) Inventor Masahiro Saito 75-1, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo Inside Topcon Corporation (56) References JP-A-58-30614 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G01C 15/00 G01C 3/06 G01S 7/48

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A collimating optical system for collimating a distance measuring object, a distance measuring optical system for measuring a distance to the distance measuring object, and An automatic tracking optical system that scans in the horizontal direction to automatically track the surveying instrument main body to the object to be measured, wherein the collimating optical system has an objective lens having a penetrating portion, and an optical path of the collimating optical system. Is provided with a first reflecting member that reflects tracking light emitted from the tracking light projecting system so as to be emitted through the through portion, and is reflected by the object to be measured and enters through the objective lens. A second reflecting member is provided for reflecting the tracking light toward a tracking light receiving system of the automatic tracking optical system, and reflects a light beam from the light projecting system of the distance measuring optical system toward the objective lens and measures a distance. The reflected light from the object is transmitted to the distance measuring light through the objective lens. A surveying instrument provided with a third reflecting member for reflecting light toward a scientific light receiving system.