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JP2771972B2 - Combustion device for diesel engine - Google Patents

Combustion device for diesel engine

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Publication number
JP2771972B2
JP2771972B2 JP60212192A JP21219285A JP2771972B2 JP 2771972 B2 JP2771972 B2 JP 2771972B2 JP 60212192 A JP60212192 A JP 60212192A JP 21219285 A JP21219285 A JP 21219285A JP 2771972 B2 JP2771972 B2 JP 2771972B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
arc
flame
air
spray
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP60212192A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6275018A (en
Inventor
裕司 小田
洋 中川
一洋 白石
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Motors Corp
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Motors Corp
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Motors Corp, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Motors Corp
Priority to JP60212192A priority Critical patent/JP2771972B2/en
Publication of JPS6275018A publication Critical patent/JPS6275018A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2771972B2 publication Critical patent/JP2771972B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明はディーゼル機関の燃焼装置に関する。 (従来の技術) 第6図は従来のサイドインジェクション式ディーゼル
機関の要部を示す断面図である。図において、01はシリ
ンダヘッド、02はシリンダライナ、03はピストン、04は
燃焼室で、通常略球形または円筒形である。05は燃料弁
で、図では2燃料弁の場合を示す。06は燃料噴霧、07は
ピストンとシリンダヘッド間の間隙Swは空気スワールで
ある。第7図は噴霧火炎の状態を示す説明図で、08は噴
霧火炎を示す。 (発明が解決しようとする問題点) 噴射された燃料は空気スワールにより混合を促進され
ながら進行方向を代えられ燃焼室内を旋回する方向に発
達する。通常の多噴孔システムでは、燃焼室中央から燃
焼室周方向に噴霧が発達するため、ピストン03が下降行
程入りシリンダヘッド01との間の間隙部07が空間的に広
くなった時期に噴霧火炎が隙間07に流出しその部分の空
気を燃焼に有効に利用するようにしている。この隙間部
の空気量は小型機関の場合燃焼室全体の空気量の20〜30
%にもなりその有効利用が燃焼効率向上のための必須条
件となる。ところがサイドインジェクションシステムで
は強い空気スワールにより噴霧が燃焼室内を旋回するよ
うに発達するため、火炎が燃焼室内に塊りとなって旋回
しピストン03の下降時にも火炎塊が燃焼室内にとどまっ
たままでピストン03とシリンダヘッド01の間の隙間部07
に流出せず空気利用率が低下する欠点を持っている。さ
らに燃焼機関も長くなり等容度の低下を招き燃費率の悪
化を招いている。 (問題点を解決するための手段) 本発明の目的は上記欠点を排除し、シリンダ内の空気
の利用率を高め、燃焼効率が高く、排煙濃度の低い燃焼
を行なうことのできる燃焼装置を提供することであり、
その特徴とするところは、ピストンに燃焼室を有すると
共にシリンダヘッドに同燃焼室の外周付近に位置する一
本以上の燃料弁を有する直接噴射式ディーゼル機関にお
いて、上記燃焼室の水平断面形状を曲率の大きい弧と曲
率の小さい弧とからなる楕円形とし、燃料噴霧の燃焼室
壁面衝突点を曲率の小さい弧の壁面側とし、旋回流を形
成するように上記燃料弁の噴射方向を設定したことであ
る。 (作用) この場合は、上記構成により空気利用率が高められ
る。 (実施例) 以下図面を参照して本発明による実施例につき説明す
る。 第1図は本発明による1実施図の燃焼室を示す平面
図、第2図は第1図のII−II矢視断面図、第3図は第1
図のIII−III矢視断面図である。 図において、燃焼室の水平断面形状が曲率の大きい弧
R1と、曲率の小さい弧R2とで形成されており、曲率の小
さい弧の壁面側に燃料噴霧が衝突するよう噴射方向が定
められている。 第4図は燃焼室内の空気の流れを示す説明図、第5図
は燃焼室内の火炎塊の崩壊と流出を示す説明図である。
第4図中の矢印は燃焼室内の空気の流れを示し、第1図
より第5図までの符号4は燃焼室を、第5図の5は燃料
弁を、8は噴霧火炎を示す。 上記構成の場合の作用について述べる。 本発明による燃焼室により燃焼室4内の空気流れS
は、第4図に示すように、整った旋回流とはならず一部
に乱れを生じ、または旋回流の中心が燃焼室の長軸方向
に振動するため、燃焼室内の火炎塊を崩壊し、火炎塊を
崩壊しピストン上方に火炎を流出させることができる。
また第5図で示すように、曲率の大きい弧と曲率の小さ
い弧との境部付近から曲率の小さい弧の壁面側に噴霧を
衝突させてなめらかに流し、発達した時点で曲率の大き
い、即ち空間的に狭い部分に流すよう噴射方向を設定し
てあるため、噴霧が十分発達していない時期には燃焼室
外への流出を抑え、発達した段階で燃焼室外に流出させ
ることができる。 (発明の効果) 上述の場合には次の効果がある。 従来のサイドインジェクションシステムでは強い空気
スワールにより噴霧火炎が燃焼室中央に集まり塊となっ
て旋回するため、ピストンが下降しシリンダヘッドとピ
ストンの間の隙間部が空間的に広くなった時期にも火炎
が流出せず、隙間部の空気が十分利用できず、燃焼効率
の悪化、排煙濃度の悪化を招くことがある。これを防ぐ
には燃焼室内の火炎塊を壊し、ピストンとシリンダヘッ
ド間の隙間が広くなった時期に火炎を流出させることが
必要となる。 本発明のように、燃焼室の水平断面形状を曲率の異な
る弧で形成することにより、燃焼室内の空気の流れは第
4図に示すように、一部に乱れを生じ、あるいは旋回の
中心が燃焼室の長軸方向に振動し火炎塊に乱れゆさぶり
を生じ、火炎塊を崩壊することができる。また、この場
合、第5図に示すように、噴霧の衝突壁面は曲率の小さ
い弧の壁面側でありかつ噴霧が発達した時期に曲率が大
きく空間的に狭く乱れの多い空間に発達させるよう、噴
射方向を設定しているため、噴霧の燃料弁からの噴出直
後は燃焼室外への流出を防ぎ、空気を取り込んで十分発
達した時期に燃焼室外に流出させることができる。この
ような効果の結果、ピストンとシリンダヘッドの間の隙
間が狭い時期には噴霧は燃焼室外に流出しにくく、その
後十分火炎として発達した時期に火炎は第5図に示すよ
うに分散されピストンとシリンダヘッド間の隙間に流出
し、隙間部の空気を利用することができ、全体の空気利
用率が向上し、燃焼効率が高く、排煙濃度の低い燃焼が
得られる。 なお以上の作用、効果は燃料弁が一本以上の場合も同
様であり、本発明はこれらを全て含む。
The present invention relates to a combustion device for a diesel engine. (Prior Art) FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a main part of a conventional side injection type diesel engine. In the figure, 01 is a cylinder head, 02 is a cylinder liner, 03 is a piston, and 04 is a combustion chamber, which is generally spherical or cylindrical. 05 is a fuel valve, and the figure shows the case of two fuel valves. 06 is a fuel spray, 07 is a gap between the piston and the cylinder head Sw is an air swirl. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the state of the spray flame, and 08 represents the spray flame. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The injected fuel develops in the direction of swirling in the combustion chamber while being changed in the traveling direction while the mixing is promoted by the air swirl. In a normal multi-hole system, since the spray develops from the center of the combustion chamber in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber, the spray flame enters at the time when the gap 03 between the piston 03 enters the down stroke and the cylinder head 01 becomes spatially wide. Flows out into the gap 07 and the air in that portion is effectively used for combustion. In the case of a small engine, the air volume in this gap is 20 to 30 times the air volume in the entire combustion chamber.
%, And its effective use is an essential condition for improving combustion efficiency. However, in the side injection system, the spray develops to swirl in the combustion chamber due to the strong air swirl, so that the flame lumps and swirls into the combustion chamber and the piston stays in the combustion chamber even when the piston 03 descends. Gap 07 between 03 and cylinder head 01
It has the drawback that the air utilization rate decreases without flowing out to the air. Further, the combustion engine becomes longer, leading to a decrease in isocapacity and a deterioration in fuel efficiency. (Means for Solving the Problems) An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages, to increase the utilization rate of air in a cylinder, to achieve high combustion efficiency, and to perform combustion with low smoke concentration. Is to provide,
The feature is that in a direct injection diesel engine having a piston with a combustion chamber and one or more fuel valves in a cylinder head near the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber is defined by a curvature. An elliptical shape consisting of a large arc with a small curvature and an arc with a small curvature, the point of collision of the fuel spray with the combustion chamber wall is set to the wall with the small curvature, and the injection direction of the fuel valve is set so as to form a swirling flow. It is. (Operation) In this case, the air utilization rate is increased by the above configuration. (Example) Hereinafter, an example according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a plan view showing a combustion chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. In the figure, the horizontal cross section of the combustion chamber has an arc with a large curvature.
And R 1, is formed by a small arc R 2 of curvature, the direction of injection so that the fuel spray collides is defined on the wall surface of the small arc curvature. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow of air in the combustion chamber, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing collapse and outflow of a flame mass in the combustion chamber.
Arrows in FIG. 4 indicate the flow of air in the combustion chamber, reference numeral 4 in FIGS. 1 to 5 denotes a combustion chamber, 5 in FIG. 5 denotes a fuel valve, and 8 denotes a spray flame. The operation of the above configuration will be described. With the combustion chamber according to the invention, the air flow S in the combustion chamber 4
As shown in FIG. 4, because the swirling flow does not become a regular swirling flow but is partially disturbed, or the center of the swirling flow vibrates in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber, the flame mass in the combustion chamber collapses. As a result, the flame mass is collapsed and the flame can flow out above the piston.
Also, as shown in FIG. 5, the spray collides with the wall surface side of the arc having a small curvature from near the boundary between the arc having a large curvature and the arc having a small curvature, and flows smoothly. Since the injection direction is set so as to flow into a spatially narrow part, the outflow to the outside of the combustion chamber is suppressed at a time when the spray is not sufficiently developed, and the outflow to the outside of the combustion chamber at the stage of the development can be suppressed. (Effects of the Invention) The above-described case has the following effects. In the conventional side-injection system, the spray flame gathers at the center of the combustion chamber due to the strong air swirl and turns as a lump, so even when the piston descends and the gap between the cylinder head and the piston becomes spatially wide, the flame Does not flow out, the air in the gap cannot be sufficiently used, and the combustion efficiency and the smoke concentration may be deteriorated. To prevent this, it is necessary to break the flame mass in the combustion chamber and allow the flame to flow out when the gap between the piston and the cylinder head becomes wide. By forming the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber with arcs having different curvatures as in the present invention, the flow of air in the combustion chamber is partially disturbed as shown in FIG. It vibrates in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber, causing turbulence in the flame mass, and the flame mass can be collapsed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the collision wall surface of the spray is on the wall surface side of an arc having a small curvature, and is developed into a space having a large curvature and a large spatial disturbance at the time when the spray has developed, Since the injection direction is set, it is possible to prevent the spray from flowing out of the combustion chamber immediately after the fuel is injected from the fuel valve, and to take in the air to flow out of the combustion chamber at a sufficiently developed time. As a result of this effect, when the gap between the piston and the cylinder head is narrow, the spray is unlikely to flow out of the combustion chamber, and then when the flame has sufficiently developed as a flame, the flame is dispersed as shown in FIG. The air flows out into the gap between the cylinder heads, and the air in the gap can be used, the overall air utilization rate is improved, the combustion efficiency is high, and the combustion with low exhaust gas concentration is obtained. The above operations and effects are the same when one or more fuel valves are provided, and the present invention includes all of them.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は本発明による1実施例の燃焼室を示す平面図、
第2図は第1図のII−II矢視断面図、第3図は第1図の
III−III矢視断面図、第4図は燃焼室内の空気の流れを
示す説明図、第5図は燃焼室内の火炎塊の崩壊と流出を
示す説明図、第6図は従来のディーゼル機関の要部を示
す断面図、第7図は噴霧火炎の状態を示す説明図であ
る。 4……燃焼室、5……燃料弁、8……噴霧火炎、R1……
曲率が大きい弧、R2……曲率が小さい弧。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a combustion chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention;
2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view of FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the flow of air in the combustion chamber, FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing collapse and outflow of a flame mass in the combustion chamber, and FIG. 6 is a view of a conventional diesel engine. FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a main part, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a state of a spray flame. 4… Combustion chamber, 5… Fuel valve, 8… Spray flame, R 1 ……
An arc with a large curvature, R 2 ... An arc with a small curvature.

フロントページの続き (72)発明者 中川 洋 長崎市飽の浦町1番1号 三菱重工業株 式会社長崎研究所内 (72)発明者 白石 一洋 京都市右京区太秦巽町1番地 三菱自動 車工業株式会社京都製作所内Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Hiroshi Nakagawa               1-1, Akunouracho, Nagasaki-shi Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.               Nagasaki Research Laboratories (72) Inventor Kazuhiro Shiraishi               1 Mitsubishi Azuma Tatsumachi, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto-shi               Inside the Kyoto Works

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.ピストンに燃焼室を有すると共にシリンダヘッドに
同燃焼室の外周付近に位置する一本以上の燃料弁を有す
る直接噴射式ディーゼル機関において、上記燃焼室の水
平断面形状を曲率の大きい弧と曲率の小さい弧とからな
る楕円形とし、燃料噴霧の燃焼室壁面衝突点を曲率の小
さい弧の壁面側とし、旋回流を形成したことを特徴とす
るディーゼル機関の燃焼装置。
(57) [Claims] In a direct injection diesel engine having a piston with a combustion chamber and a cylinder head with one or more fuel valves located near the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber is changed to an arc having a large curvature and a small curvature. A combustion device for a diesel engine, wherein the combustion device has an elliptical shape including an arc, and a point of collision of a fuel spray with a combustion chamber wall surface is on the wall surface side of the arc having a small curvature to form a swirling flow.
JP60212192A 1985-09-27 1985-09-27 Combustion device for diesel engine Expired - Fee Related JP2771972B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60212192A JP2771972B2 (en) 1985-09-27 1985-09-27 Combustion device for diesel engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60212192A JP2771972B2 (en) 1985-09-27 1985-09-27 Combustion device for diesel engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6275018A JPS6275018A (en) 1987-04-06
JP2771972B2 true JP2771972B2 (en) 1998-07-02

Family

ID=16618447

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60212192A Expired - Fee Related JP2771972B2 (en) 1985-09-27 1985-09-27 Combustion device for diesel engine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2771972B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62126519U (en) * 1986-02-04 1987-08-11

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50155812A (en) * 1974-06-08 1975-12-16
JPS524919A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-01-14 Kubota Ltd Non-pollution and fuel injection type engine

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58139523U (en) * 1982-03-17 1983-09-20 日産自動車株式会社 Combustion chamber of direct injection internal combustion engine
JPS60114231U (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-08-02 三菱自動車工業株式会社 Diesel engine combustion chamber

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50155812A (en) * 1974-06-08 1975-12-16
JPS524919A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-01-14 Kubota Ltd Non-pollution and fuel injection type engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6275018A (en) 1987-04-06

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