JP2756231B2 - Battery charging circuit - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to battery charging technology and, more particularly, to nickel cadmium (NICD) batteries or nickel metal hydride (NIM) batteries.
H) A battery charger that can be used with any of the batteries.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As the number of small devices and appliances increases, the demand for rechargeable batteries is increasing day by day.
This has led to improvements and innovations in rechargeable battery configurations. The most common secondary battery used in small applications is nickel cadmium (NIC
D) A battery.

[0003] While newer NICD cells offer higher energy densities, the demand for greater power and longer operating periods outstrips the pace of progress. Furthermore, since cadmium as a contained component has harmful properties, there is a growing concern about environmental pollution when a used NICD cell is discarded. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for a new type of battery to replace the NICD cell. The battery should have a higher energy storage density than the best NICD configuration, but when discarded (i.e., easily disposable), contain harmful components in its composition that can adversely affect the environment. Must not have. New nickel metal hydride (NIMH) batteries provide an effective alternative to NICD batteries. This is because it satisfies the above two conditions. High performance NIC
The improvement in average capacity of NIMH cells over D cells is about 30%. Also, since it has no heavy metals in the composition, it has minimal environmental impact and can therefore be easily disposed of.

[0004] Therefore, at present, there is a demand for a battery charger capable of charging both the NICD battery cell and the NIMH battery cell. Difficulties exist because these batteries have different charging characteristics.

When charging a NICD or NIMH battery, the voltage and cell temperature characteristics take the forms shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 5, the battery voltage rises slowly for 90% of the battery capacity during the charging period,
After the point P1 in FIG. Then, at point P3, the voltage is flat and NI
In the case of a CD battery, it starts to decrease from point P3 to point P4. This is shown by curve b in FIG. However, in the case of the NIMH battery, the voltage tends to be flat from the point P3 to the point P5 in the curve a in FIG.

FIG. 6 shows a temperature curve. The temperature rises slowly for 90% of the capacity (a steeper rise for NIMH cells) and rises more steeply near the point of the full state of charge, i.e. the curve c representing the NICD cell. In the case, it is from the point P6 to the point P7, and in the case of the curve d representing the NIMH battery, from the point P8 to the point P9.

At present, detecting the end of battery charging for the NICD battery using a negative dV detection method;
That is, it is known to detect a voltage drop between P3 and P4 in the curve b of FIG. Furthermore, it is known to use dV / dt or peak voltage detection methods for NIMH batteries. The dT / dt detection method detects changes between points P6 and P7 on the NICD curve and between points P8 and P9 on the NIMH curve. Figure 5 shows the peak voltage method.
Is detected. Thus, one difficulty with existing battery chargers is that it is necessary to determine what type of battery to charge and to select a charge termination detection method accordingly. Further, each of the existing sensing methods has several disadvantages.

[0008] In the case of NICD batteries, when the -dV sensing method is used, false detections and timings are caused by the abundance of switching and other noise present on the battery voltage during charger operation. It is highly probable that the charging operation will be terminated early. For NIMH batteries, dV / dt
When using only batteries, the batteries are usually full (10
0%). Therefore, to ensure a full state of charge, a trickle charge of lower current is required, which needs to be supplied for three to four hours. When sensing NIMH batteries using only zero dV / dt (i.e., peak voltage), the main portion of the charging curve (10% to 90% in FIG. 5) is used.
% Range) is relatively flat depending on the charging speed, so that erroneous detection often occurs.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a versatile battery charger that can be used for both NICD batteries and NIMH batteries.

[0010]

According to the present invention, a voltage drop detection circuit for generating a first detection signal when detecting a drop in cell voltage with respect to time, and a second circuit for detecting a constant cell voltage with respect to time for a certain period. A voltage detection circuit that generates a detection signal, an enable unit that enables the detection circuit to receive a voltage from a battery to be charged, and that when any of the first or second detection signal is generated A battery charging circuit is provided that terminates a charging operation.

[0011] Thus, the present invention provides a NICD battery and an NCD without the need to identify the type of battery to be charged.
This allows the battery charger to be configured such that it can be used for both IMH batteries.

Preferably, the enable means has a circuit (dT / dt circuit) for measuring the rate of change of the temperature of the battery cell to be charged with respect to time. The enable means can further comprise a circuit (dV / dt circuit) for measuring the rate of change of the cell voltage with respect to time.
Further, it is possible to select an appropriate one of the dV / dt circuit and the dT / dt circuit to perform a preliminary measurement before performing the actual measurement for terminating the charging. In response to a thermistor provided in the battery pack, dV /
It is possible to select between the dt circuit and the dT / dt circuit. Preliminary measurements using dV / dt or dT / dt circuits are particularly useful in avoiding false detections due to noise.

In the following, the NICD battery or NIMH
A low cost, reliable, efficient and accurate battery charger for ultra-fast or fast charging (1 hour or less charging time) of a battery is described. The sensing concept is based on a NICD battery and / or NI without the need to indicate the type of battery being used by the user.
Universal charging end detection when charging MH battery, -d
Includes a simple, low cost, but accurate method of performing V sensing (the invention is particularly relevant to this) and a series of charge termination techniques to ensure fast but safe battery charging operation doing.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, low cost, reliable, efficient and accurate battery charging for ultra-fast or fast charging (one hour or less than one hour) of NICD or NIMH batteries. A vessel is provided. This sensing concept allows the NICD and / or NIM to operate without the need to indicate what type of battery the user is using.
Universal charging end detection when charging H battery, -dV
Includes a simple, low-cost but accurate manner of realizing detection (the invention is particularly relevant in this context) and a series of charge termination techniques to ensure fast but safe battery charging. .

FIG. 1 shows an AC / DC converter Y for implementing a basic fast (1 hour or less) battery charger.
1. constant current charging circuit Y2, battery charger controller Y used with NICD or NIMH battery pack Y4
3 is shown.

The AC / DC converter Y1 has a transistor Y6
Connected to the primary side of the transformer Y17 via a switching element of the form The primary side of the transformer Y17 is connected to the output of a bridge rectifier Y5, to which an AC power supply Y8 having a range between 90 and 270 V is connected. AC / DC converter Y1
Converts AC power from power supply Y8 to DC power on line Y7 on the secondary side of transformer Y17 via bridge rectifier Y5 and switching element Y6. The power supply line Y7 supplies power for charging the battery via the constant current charger circuit Y2 in addition to supplying power to the portable computer via the auxiliary output A0.
The constant current charger circuit is a power converter, which supplies a constant current via its output Qc to charge the battery pack Y4. When the voltage drop (-dV) method is used as the charge end detection, a relatively constant current is required to charge the battery. This is because fluctuations in the voltage level during the charging period must be due to the capacity of the battery. Reference number Y9 represents a thermistor, which can be provided on battery pack Y4 for the reasons described below.

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the battery charger controller Y3 (inside the boundary shown by the dotted line). In FIG.
The thick black lines represent an 8-bit bus, and the thin lines represent a single bit line. The inputs to the charger controller Y3 are the voltage on the auxiliary output A0 (terminal AUX), the battery voltage (terminal V _batt ), and the cell temperature signal (terminal T
emp) and a power-on signal (terminal Power-on). The output from the charger controller Y3 is supplied by the drivers M20, M21, M22, and performs ultra-high-speed charging, high-speed charging, or Tocrill charging (trickle charging) in the external charger circuit Y2.

When powered up, power distribution detector M2 performs an ultra-fast charging operation. This means that the gates M18 and M19 controlling the drivers M20 and M21
Through the Q_ and Q outputs 2, 4 of the power distribution detector M2
This is performed by an appropriate signal from. Gate M18 has one input connected to Q_output 2 of power distribution detector M2 and the other input connected to Q_output 22 of flip-flop M17, described below. Gate M19 has one input connected to power distribution detector M2.
Of the flip-flop M17 is connected to the Q output 4 of the flip-flop M17. When the computer is off, the charging operation is in a very fast mode. The actual realization of the charging speed depends on the driver M2
This is due to the external charger circuit Y2 controlled by 0, M21 and M22.

The temperature of the cell read from the thermistor Y9 (FIG. 1) is supplied to the Temp terminal, and through the ADC channel + filter M4, the thermistor detector circuit M6
Supplied to When the thermistor Y9 is used in the battery pack Y4 and connected to the charger controller, the dT / dt detector M7 is enabled by the Q output 6 of the thermistor detector M6. . D if no thermistor is used
V / dt detector M5 is enabled by Q_output 8 of thermistor detector M6.

When the dT / dt detector M7 is enabled, the rate of change of the cell temperature is measured. When this rate exceeds a certain limit, the dT / dt flag is set, indicating a fast rising cell temperature, usually just before the end of battery charging. The set state of the dT / dt flag is indicated by the "high" level at the dT / dt Q output 10 of block M7.

When the dV / dt detector M5 is enabled, the rate of change of the battery voltage is measured. If it is found to be rising above a predetermined rate, the dV / dt flag is set. This also indicates that the end of charge is approaching, and as usual, as the end of charge is approached (90% of the capacity point), the battery voltage rises sharply before it reaches a plateau at its peak and falls later. (In the case of a NICD battery) or in a flat state (in the case of a NIMH battery).

When either the dV / dt or dT / dt flag is set, the -dV detector M9 and zero dV
/ Dt detector M10 has both dV through gate M8.
/ Dt and dT / dt are enabled by Q outputs 12,10 from detectors M5 and M7. -DV detector M
At 9, the voltage drop after the dT / dt or dV / dt flag is set is detected and verified. Confirmation of genuine voltage drop detection is indicated by setting the -dV flag and bringing the Q output 14 of the -dV detector M9 to a "high" level. A detailed description of the -dV detector will be described later.

At the same time, a zero dV / dt detector M10
Measures the slope of the battery voltage until a flat slope is detected within a certain time frame. This flat slope indicates that the peak voltage of the battery has been reached and can be used as a charge end indicator, especially for NIMH batteries that do not produce any noticeable voltage drop when fully charged. It is. Its Q output 16 is set high in this state.

-DV and zero dV / dt detectors M9, M
Because 10 operates simultaneously, it is possible to indicate the end of charging by detecting either a voltage drop or a flat slope, depending on which is detected first. Thus, it is possible to charge both a NICD battery and a NIMH battery by the same system without having to tell the system which type of battery is being used. A -dV flag or zero dV / d, indicated by the presence of a "high" condition at the Q output 14 of detector M9 or the Q output 16 of detector M10.
By setting the t flag, the flip-flop M17 is set via the gate M16. When flip-flop M17 is set by its D input 18 being "high", its Q output 20 goes to a "high" state, enabling trickle charging and enabling its Q_ output. 22 transitions to the "low" state and the gate M connected to the drivers M20, M21
18. Disable ultra-fast or fast charging via M19.

Circuits M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M
8, M9 and M10 constitute a battery charger monitor BCM, which will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.

The flip-flop M17 can be set by other circuits other than M9 and M10 as described below.

A battery presence detector M15, connected via the ADC channel and the filter M3 to sample the battery voltage at terminal V _batt, can determine whether a battery is present at the V _batt terminal. is there. This is because the Q _c output 1 of the constant current charger Y2 in FIG. 1, when the battery Y4 is not connected, takes a preset voltage value, the voltage value, the battery is fully charged This is because it is clearly higher than the maximum voltage that can be taken in the state. Therefore, the battery presence detector M1
When 5 detects a value close to the preset output level of the constant current charger Y2, it interprets that no battery is present and the Q output 24 of flip-flop M17.
Is set to a “high” level to set the flip-flop M17 via the gate M16.

However, when a battery is subsequently reconnected to the battery terminal, battery presence detector M15 detects that a battery is present and resets its Q output 24 to a "low" level. . This negative transition triggers the reset circuit M26 to reset all detectors in the sense charger controller Y3 by the signal RAD at its output in order to make a new sense cycle. This allows a new battery pack to be charged after the replacement without the need for a power reset.

If the ambient temperature in the battery pack Y4 before the start of charging is within a predetermined temperature window range, the flip-flop M17 is normally reset to enable ultra-high-speed or high-speed charging, that is, an operable state. Driver M20 and M21
And disable the driver M22. This temperature window is set by a range defined by a minimum value and a maximum value, such as 0 ° C. and 40 ° C., for example. The reason is that when the ambient temperature around the battery pack Y4 is outside this range, it is not desirable to perform ultra-high-speed charging or high-speed charging of the battery from the viewpoint of charging efficiency and safety. This ambient temperature comparison is performed by an ambient temperature detector M that receives a temperature range Rt at input 28.
24. Detector M24 is enabled at power-up by a signal at its enable input 30. If the ambient temperature is within the range, the detector M24 outputs a "high" signal via its Q output 32 to the set pin 34 of the flip-flop M17. Thereafter, the Q and Q_outputs 20 of the flip-flop M17,
Reference numeral 22 denotes eight detection circuits M9, M10, M11, M1
3, M14, M15, M25, M28, that is, a "high" signal from the output of any one of these circuits inhibits ultra-fast or fast charging and Enable trickle charge.

The detection circuits M9, M10 and M15 have been described above. M11 represents a maximum temperature detector,
It is connected via the ADC channel and the filter M4 to Te.
Sample data in digital form of cell temperature during the charging period from mp input. The maximum temperature detector M11 sets the Temp flag at its Q output 38 if its input exceeds some internally set maximum value Tmax. This maximum value Tmax is 50 ° C. to 60 ° C.
Can be within the range. Above this temperature (above 1 ° C.), it is not desirable to charge the battery using a high current for charging efficiency and safety reasons. If you set the Temp flag on line 38,
The flip-flop M17 is set, at which time the charging mode is switched to the trickle charging mode.

During the first three to five minutes of the charging cycle, the rate of change of the battery voltage at terminal V _batt is monitored by the full cell detector circuit M25. In the case of a battery that has already been charged, its occurrence can be detected by circuit M25, since its voltage rises rapidly in the first minutes of recharging, and a "full" Is displayed. Therefore, Q
At output 40, a "high" signal is generated, which sets flip-flop M17 via gate M16.
The time frame used to set the initial period for this "full" cell detection is generated by a one-shot timer M12 triggered by a power-on signal from a power-on terminal.

Furthermore, is provided with a maximum voltage detector M28, it is the case and the value measured battery voltage during the first few minutes of the charging cycle is beyond the maximum reference voltage V _max Cut off the charging operation. This is because the battery is likely to be in a "full" state. This is done by bringing the Q output 44 high and feeding it through gate M29 to gate M16. The time frame used for this detection is also taken from the one-shot timer M12 connected to the enable input 42 of the maximum voltage detector M28. Unnecessary charging operation can be avoided by detecting that the battery is fully charged during the early part of the charging cycle by detectors M25 and M28, and furthermore, if the battery is overcharged. Better protection from being charged.

During the same time frame period set by the above-described one-shot timer M12, the defective cell detector M13 also operates. After this preset time frame during which ultra-fast charging or fast charging is in progress, detector M13 measures the battery voltage and, if it is below a certain minimum level _Vmin , its Q output 46. Goes to a "high" state and flip-flop M1
7 is set.

Finally, a countdown timer M14 is provided, which starts the countdown operation after receiving a power-on signal at its input 48, and when its count is decremented to zero.
The flip-flop M17 is set via its Q output 50 via the gate M16. Both the timer M14 and the maximum temperature detector M11 provide a main sensing method (dV / dt M5, dT / d) to ensure that the battery pack is not damaged at high charging currents.
dt M7, -dV M9, zero dV / dt M10)
This is important for terminating the charging operation when does not work.

M27 represents a clock circuit for generating a clock signal for each charging cycle. All readings are taken once per charge cycle. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation inside the above-described battery charger circuit.

After power-on, but before charging begins, the ambient temperature detector circuit M24 measures the cell temperature. If the temperature is outside the range of the temperature window Rt (for example, 0 ° C. to 40 ° C. as described above), trickle charging M22 is performed until the temperature falls within the range. When the cell temperature falls within the range, ultra-high-speed charging M20 is performed.

During the first few minutes of the charging operation set by one-shot timer M12, the battery voltage is measured by circuit M28. If it exceeds a certain level per cell, it indicates that the battery is already fully charged and full, thus indicating that high current charging operation is unnecessary. The ultra-fast charge operation is terminated and replaced by trickle charge (in "burst" mode). Further, the charging rate of the battery voltage is also monitored by the full cell detector M25 within the same time frame. Above a certain threshold, a "full" cell condition is indicated, the ultra-fast charge operation is stopped, and a trickle charge "burst" mode is entered. The battery level is also checked during the same period by M13 for a fault condition. If the battery is determined to be defective, the ultrafast charging operation is stopped and a trickle charge "burst" mode is entered. One-shot timer M1
After the first few minutes as determined by 2, no check is made for maximum voltage level, defective voltage level and "full" cell detection.

Next, the computer (FIG. 1) connected to the A0 line is checked for its on / off status by the power distribution detector M2, and continues the ultra-high-speed charging operation or performs the high-speed charging. Determine whether to switch to operation. Next, the battery checks whether the thermistor Y9 in the block M6 is provided. If a thermistor is used, dT / dt (rate of change in cell temperature) is measured in block M7. If no thermistor is used, dV / dt (rate of change in battery voltage) is measured in block M5. In these two blocks, the respective flag is set when dT / dt or dV / dt is monitored for the phase before measurement and detection is performed.

When either dT / dt or dV / dt flag is set, the pre-measurement phase is completed, and M9 (for detecting the setting of the -dV flag) and M10 (zero dV / dt flag). The gate is opened at the same time as the final detection of the completion of charging in the detection of the set state of (2). -DV flag or zero dV /
When any of the dt flags is set, the end-of-charge detection is completed, and thereafter, the charging operation is replaced with a "burst" mode (trickle charging).

If the battery is not yet near the charging end point, the scan time is reached, during which the battery presence detection (by M15), cell temperature detection (by M11),
Charge time detection (by M14) is performed. When the battery is removed, the charging operation is stopped and "burst" mode (trickle charging). In "burst" mode, the entire charging cycle repeats once the battery contacts are continuously scanned and the batteries are reconnected.

When the cell temperature exceeds the maximum value Tmax, the high current charging operation is stopped and replaced with the "burst" mode. Similarly, if the internally set timer M14 counts down to zero before any other detection is made, the ultrafast / fast charge operation is also stopped. Otherwise, the entire charging cycle repeats itself from point "A" until terminated by "burst" mode.

In the "burst" mode, the trickle charge current is set (M22). Battery presence detector M
15 detects whether the "full" battery has been removed and replaced with another battery pack. If so, the charging operation is restarted from the beginning without requiring any power down and power up procedures again. Otherwise, once in "burst" mode, the charging cycle will remain in that mode until a power-on reset is applied again.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the battery charger monitor BCM. The battery charger monitor BCM includes an ADC channel and a filter M3 connected to the battery voltage input terminal V _batt and an AD connected to the cell temperature input Temp.
C channel and filter M4 and dV / dt detector M
5, thermistor detector M6, and dT / dt detector M7
, A gate M8, a further gate B4, a -dV detector M9, and a zero dV / dt detector M10.
Gate M16 is shown in FIG. 4, but only two of its inputs are shown. The state where the gate M16 is connected to the flip-flop M17 is shown. FIG. 4 further shows a timer B11, which receives the clock signal Clock from clock M27 in FIG. 2 and generates outputs Tclk and Vclk. next,
The operation of the battery charger monitor BCM will be described in more detail. In FIG. 4, the ADC channel and the filter M
It should be noted that each of 3 and M4 is shown as two components: ADC channels B1, B7 and digital filters B2, B8.

The battery voltage is measured at the V _batt terminal and converted from analog form to digital form by one channel of the analog-to-digital converter B1. Next, the digital value is supplied to a simple digital filter B2, and a filtering process is performed via an 8-bit bus 60.

Similarly, the cell temperature is measured via the Temp terminal and fed to another channel of the analog-to-digital converter B7 and filtered by the digital filter B8. Thermistor detector M6 has filter B
Sample 8 to 8 bit information and determine if the thermistor Y9 is used. If used, dT / dt detector M7 is enabled and dV
/ Dt detector M5 is disabled. Otherwise, detector M5 is enabled and detector M7
Is disabled.

When the dV / dt detector M5 is enabled, it detects the slope (d) of the voltage charging curve as shown in FIG.
V / dt). As can be seen from FIG. 5, there is a significant increase in the slope between points P1 and P2, which causes the dV / dt flag to be set. When the dT / dt detector M7 is enabled, it sets the dT / dt flag, between points P6 and P7 on curve c for NICD batteries or point on curve d for NIMH batteries. Until a sharp increase in the slope between P8 and P9 is detected, the slope of the temperature curve (dT / d) as shown in FIG.
t) is similarly monitored. This gradient is monitored by sequentially measuring voltage or temperature at intervals generated by timer B11 (eg, the interval between points P1 and P2 in FIG. 5). T _clk is dT / dt
Set the interval for the measurement and V _clk sets the interval for the dV / dt measurement.

When one of the dV / dt flag and the dT / dt flag is set, the -dV detector M9 and the zero dV / dt detector M10 are simultaneously activated via the gate M8 and the -dV (voltage Drop) and zero dV / dt
(Voltage level) It is possible to measure simultaneously. At this stage, the battery voltage measurement (from the filter B2 via the 8-bit bus) is performed at 1 second intervals with the -dV detector M
9 to monitor for negative voltage drops. When this voltage drop is detected (points P3 and P in FIG.
4) The -dV flag is set. This is NICD
This shows the conditions for terminating the charging of the battery.

At the same time, the battery voltage gradient is monitored between points at intervals set by the clock signal Z _clk . Clock signal Z _clk is a clock signal derived from gate B4 whose input is dV / d depending on which is enabled for the preliminary measurement.
t detector M5 (V _clk ) or dT / dt detector M7 (T
_clk ). If no voltage change is detected between points P3 and P5 in FIG. 5, the zero dV / dt flag is set due to the flat voltage gradient in this region. This represents a charge termination condition in the NIMH battery.

When the -dV flag or the zero dV / dt flag is set, a "high" level is obtained at the D input 18 of flip-flop M17 via gate M16. This "high" level is transferred to the Q output 20 of flip-flop M17 at the next clock pulse, enabling trickle charging. Flip-flop M17
Q_ output 22 is held in a "low" state to disable ultra-fast or fast charging. At this point,
The battery pack is considered to be fully charged and only a small amount of trickle charge for maintenance is needed to supplement the self-discharge of the cells.

At start-up, the set pin 34 of flip-flop M17 is held low and the clear pin 35 is held high (always), and whatever signal is applied at D input 18. At any rate, ultra-fast or fast charging is disabled ("low" state at Q_output 22 and "high" state at Q output 20). When the enable signal ("high" level) reaches the set pin 34, high current charging (ultrafast or fast mode) is activated until sensing is performed by the -dV detector M9 or the zero dV / dt detector M10. ("High" state at the Q_ output and "Low" state at the Q output), and after the detection is performed, trickle charging is performed.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram for the negative (-dV) detector M9. As described above with reference to FIG. 4, the terminal V _batt
Battery voltage at the analog-to-digital converter (A
DC) B1. In this ADC, the battery voltage is converted from an analog form to a digital form and fed into a digital filter B2. After the filtering, the 8-bit information is stored in the _Vaver register B3. A plurality of registers B5, B6, and B17 are connected and sequentially receive filtered voltage values. V
_aver register B3 is connected to the V _max register B5, the register B5 is connected to the V _aveR1 register B6, register B6 is connected to a V _aveR2 register B17.

The register clk is supplied by the signal clk from the timer B18 which receives the input from the clock M27 in FIG.
3, B5, B6, and B17 are all clocked.
The signal clk has the same frequency as the measurement cycle (at which frequency the measurement of the battery voltage takes place).
At the first clock pulse, the data in register B3 is shifted into girester B5 and the most recent battery voltage data is stored in register B3. In the next cycle, the data is clocked, so the contents of register B5 are shifted into register B6,
The contents in 3 are shifted into register B5, and so on. Therefore, after four cycles, register V _aver (B
3), V _max (B5), V _aver1 (B6), V _aver2
All of (B17) will have data in it.

Reference numeral B14 represents a peak voltage detector, which continuously compares the data from register B3 at input 50 with the data from register B5 at input 52. If input 50 is greater than or equal to input 52, an enable signal is provided to register B5, so that a higher value (the contents of register B3) is loaded into register B5 in the next clock cycle. Otherwise, peak detector B
The enable signal from 14 is not active, and the contents of register B5 will not be changed in the next cycle. Therefore, the V _max register B5
Always has the highest voltage level of all these registers.

The -dV detector B9 compares the contents of the most recently read register B3 with the contents of the register B5 holding the highest value. Register B
When the content in 3 is lower than the content in register B5 by a predetermined value (eg, 50 mV) and is detected by -dV detector B9, its Q output 56 transitions to a "high" state.

The registers B6 and B17 have the previous voltage data before detecting the voltage drop. These data are supplied to the level detector B10 together with the data from the register B5. Only when these three data inputs are equal, Q output 58 of level detector B10 is "high".
Move to state.

-DV detector B9 and level detector B10
Is high when both Q outputs are high.
, The n-bit shift register B12
Is enabled. "High" signal is transferred to the Q ₀ pin at the next clock pulse. The "high" signal is transferred to Q ₀ pin by the signal a further clock pulses at the input of and is transferred to the Q1 pin shift register B12. Thus, the original "high" level will be transferred to the _Qn pin after n clock pulses from when both outputs from detectors B9 and B10 go to the "high" state. Thus, n successive verifications by detectors B9 and B10 are required to bring all Q pins of shift register B12 to the "high" state. This system can be used for re-enabling any possible -dV sensing, the number of which depends on the number of outputs the shift register can provide. Only when all Q pins of the shift register B12 are in the "high" state, the output circuit B13 confirms the validity of the detection. It outputs a "high" signal at output 60, disabling ultra-fast or fast charging in external charger circuit Y2.

In the event of an erroneous detection that the contents of registers B6 and B17 are not equal to the contents of register B5, there is a high probability that a value corresponding to the amplitude of the "spike" voltage has been stored in register B5. When this condition occurs, the Q output of the -dV detector B9 becomes "high" and the Q output of the level detector B10 becomes "low". Thereby, AN
The output of D gate BB1 transitions to a "high" state. The AND gate BB1 has as one of its inputs the Q output of the -dV detector B9 and as its other input the inverted level detector B10 via the inverter gate BB3. This is because it has a Q output of Therefore, the register B5 is enabled via the OR gate BB2 regardless of the state of the peak detector B14. Thus, the contents of register B3 are clocked into register B5, the incorrect data in register B5 is clocked into register B6, and the data in register B6 is clocked into register B17. The next clock pulse or cycle causes another false detection. Because the erroneous data is now in register B6, the erroneous data is clocked into register B17. Therefore,
In the next clock pulse or cycle, a further false detection occurs, but the false data is stored in register B
17 and the circuit of FIG. 7 allows another measurement to be resumed. As will be appreciated, the -dV comparator B9
And when the Q output of level detector B10 is high, the output of AND gate BB1 is low, and peak detector B14 enables or disables register B5 via OR gate BB2. .

Whatever -dV detection exists,
All readings stored during all battery voltage measurement periods in the ongoing process are updated. All measurements and rechecks are performed without interrupting the charging operation and within a very short time frame (several seconds), and therefore very quickly for the monitoring operation without compromising any accuracy. Response and avoid overcharging. Further, the need for filtering is minimized, thus reducing costs.

The -dV detection circuit described above with reference to FIG. 7 uses a detection method that takes advantage of the fact that the battery voltage changes very slowly, unlike switching noise that is in the range of hundreds of kHz. I have. By maintaining the measurements before the time when the dV is suspected to have occurred, and also by taking measurements after that time,
It is possible to eliminate switching noise and operate only with respect to a true voltage drop.

Referring to FIG. 8a, the amplitude at V3 exceeds the threshold (eg, 50 mV) and V2
Is lower than the reading at V1, the reading at V1 is compared to the reading at V2. If the readings at V1 and V2 are not identical, the detection is rejected as noise. This is because the voltages at V1 and V2 are not expected to be different due to the short time period between measurements (typically 1 second intervals).

When a voltage drop from V4 to V5 exceeding 50 mV (-dV detection threshold) is detected, the voltage at V6 is sampled and compared to the voltage at V4. If it does not match the previous voltage drop (from V4 to V5), the detection is ignored as noise for the same reason.

Only genuine voltage drops exceeding 50 mV (from V8 to V9) as shown in FIG. 8b are treated as genuine -dV detections. This is because V7 and V8 have the same amplitude and V10 has a level that is more than 50 mV lower than at V8.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention should not be limited to only these specific examples, but may be variously modified without departing from the technical scope of the present invention. Of course is possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a battery charging system.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a battery charger controller.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation sequence of the battery charger controller.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of components that form a battery charger monitor.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between voltage and capacity showing characteristics of NIMH (a) and NICD (b) cells.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature and capacity showing characteristics of NIMH (d) and NICD (c) cells.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a negative (−dV) voltage detector.

FIG. 8a is an illustration showing how to detect -dV and eliminate the noise spike problem.

FIG. 8b is an explanatory diagram showing how to detect -dV and eliminate the problem of noise spikes.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Y1 AC / DC converter Y2 Constant current charger circuit Y3 Battery charger controller Y4 Battery pack (NICD or NIMH) Y5 Bridge rectifier Y6 Switching element Y7 Line Y8 AC power supply Y9 Thermistor Y17 Transformer

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-4-229027 (JP, A) JP-A-1-170333 (JP, A) JP-A-62-113132 (JP, U) JP-B-4-35979 (JP) , B2) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) H02J 7/00-7/10

Claims (15)

(57) [Claims] In a battery charger, a voltage drop detection circuit generates a first detection signal when detecting a drop in cell voltage with respect to time, and generates a second detection signal when detecting a constant cell voltage for a certain period with respect to time. A peak voltage detection circuit, an enabling means for enabling both of the detection circuits to operate simultaneously and enabling both of the detection circuits to respond to a battery voltage from a battery to be charged; A battery charging means connected to receive the first and second detection signals and charging the battery until one of the first and second detection signals is generated. . 2. The battery charging circuit according to claim 1, wherein said enable means has a circuit for measuring a change rate of said battery voltage with respect to time. 3. A battery charging circuit according to claim 1, wherein said enable means includes a circuit for measuring a rate of change in temperature of the battery to be charged with respect to time. In the case where the thermistor is dependent on the second aspect, whether or not a thermistor is present together with the battery to be charged is detected, and when the thermistor is detected, the rate of change in temperature is measured. A battery charging circuit comprising: a thermistor detection circuit operable to select a circuit and to select a circuit for measuring a change rate of the battery voltage when a thermistor is not detected. 5. An ambient temperature detector according to claim 1, wherein the ambient temperature detector determines whether the ambient temperature is within a predetermined temperature range, and selects a charging current accordingly. A battery charging circuit comprising: 6. A maximum temperature detecting circuit according to claim 1, wherein the maximum temperature detecting circuit is operable to detect a battery temperature and reduce high-speed charging when the maximum temperature is exceeded. A battery charging circuit, which is provided. 7. The battery according to claim 1, wherein at the start of the charging operation by the battery charging means, a rise in the battery voltage is detected, and a charging current operable to select a charging current accordingly. A battery charging circuit provided with a rechargeable battery detection circuit. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a voltage at the start of the charging operation is detected and the charging current is controlled when the detected voltage exceeds a predetermined maximum value. A battery charging circuit provided with a voltage detection circuit. 9. The battery charging circuit according to claim 7, wherein a detection period after the start of charging by the battery charging means is set by a timer circuit. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of charging outputs for performing each of ultra-high-speed charging, high-speed charging, and trickle charging are provided. Battery charging circuit. 11. The battery charging circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a timer for determining a maximum charging time. 12. The battery charging circuit according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined ratio is one of ultra-high-speed charging and high-speed charging. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the first detection circuit has a circuit for measuring a change rate of a temperature of the battery to be charged with respect to time, and the first detection circuit has a change rate of the temperature. A battery charging circuit, wherein the first detection signal is generated when the value exceeds a predetermined value, and the predetermined value indicates that the battery to be charged is near a charging end point. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the first detection circuit has a circuit for measuring a change rate of the battery voltage with respect to time, and the first detection circuit has a change rate of the battery voltage having a predetermined value. A battery charging circuit, wherein the first detection signal is generated in the case of exceeding. 15. The battery of claim 12, wherein the first detection circuit detects a rate of change of temperature with respect to time of the battery to be charged, and a first means for detecting a rate of change in battery voltage of the battery to be charged. Second means for detecting the rate of change;
Detects whether a thermistor is present in the battery to be charged, and selects the first detection means if the thermistor is detected, and selects the second detection means if the thermistor is not detected. Means for selecting, wherein the selected detecting means generates the first detection signal when the battery is near a charging end point.