JP2728243B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument capable of independently programming an envelope assigned to each characteristic of a musical tone. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an electronic musical instrument in which a signal for controlling elements of a musical tone is programmable, a musical tone signal is obtained by multiplying predetermined waveform data by envelope data for a volume arbitrarily created by a player. There is something that causes. In the conventional electronic musical instrument, the temporal change of the sound volume can be obtained arbitrarily, but the timbre is uniquely determined, and the generated musical tone is monotonous, which is not preferable. For this reason, it is conceivable to add an envelope to other characteristics other than the volume of the musical tone, for example, the pitch or the timbre, but even if the same envelope as the volume is applied to other musical characteristics as in the related art. In addition, there is a problem that the temporal change of each characteristic becomes the same, and only a sound with a sense of incongruity can be generated as compared with a musical tone from a natural musical instrument in which each characteristic changes in a complicated manner.
Also, when attempting to generate various musical tones of a natural musical instrument, it is necessary to switch the envelope provided for each characteristic of each musical tone. In order to solve such a problem, a method of preparing a plurality of envelopes for each characteristic can be considered. However, the number of envelope data that can be prepared in advance is limited, and it is impossible to prepare envelope data that satisfies all users. Therefore, it is conceivable that the envelope data of each characteristic can be input from the outside.However, for that purpose, it is necessary to provide an operation member for inputting the envelope data of each characteristic, and there is a problem that the number of operation members becomes too large. there were. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic musical instrument capable of quickly and easily creating a musical tone whose characteristics change in a complicated manner based on envelope data input with a small number of operating members. Aim. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, an envelope input means for inputting envelope data by an external operation, and a characteristic for designating any one of a plurality of types of musical sounds by an external operation Designating means, envelope data storage means having an area capable of storing a plurality of types of envelope data for each of a plurality of types of musical sound characteristics, and storing the envelope data input by the envelope input means with the characteristics First storage control means for storing the data in a corresponding area of the envelope data storage means on the basis of the characteristics specified by the specification means; and envelope data stored in the envelope data storage means. Yes designating means for designating one by one for each characteristic of the musical tone, a plurality of areas
Designation data storing means for each characteristic by the designation means
After all envelopes are specified, the specified
Specified data that simultaneously specifies the envelope data for each characteristic
Data in the desired area of the designated data storage means.
A second storage control means, a selection means for selecting desired designation data from the designation data stored in the designation data storage means, and each characteristic corresponding to the designation data selected by the selection means . reading means for the envelope data read in response to a performance operation from the end base rope storage means, and pitch data output means for outputting pitch data by the performance operation, the sound from the pitch data output means Tone generating means for instructing the generation of a tone signal which is envelope-controlled for each characteristic based on the high data and the envelope data for each characteristic read by the reading means. And An embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the electronic musical instrument. In the figure, 1 is C
A CPU (Central Processing Unit), and a CPU 1 has a ROM (Read Only Memory) 2, R
An AM (random access memory) 3 and a timbre RAM 4 are connected to each other.
The switch input unit 8 is connected via the interface 7 to the register unit 10 and the musical tone creation unit 11 via the interface 9.
However, the timbre register units 13 are connected to each other via the interface 12. The tone register 13 is connected to the tone generator 11, and a speaker 15 is connected to the tone generator 11 via an amplifier 14. The CPU 1 is a device for executing various operations such as arithmetic operations in accordance with a control program stored in a ROM 2. The RAM 3 is a memory for temporarily storing intermediate result data and the like being processed by the CPU 1. The timbre RAM 4 is a memory for storing 20 types of timbres arbitrarily set by various switches described later of the switch input unit 8. The switch input unit 8 includes a switch for adding an effect and a rhythm, in addition to a switch for setting a tone color. The register section 10 has various registers. Each time the tone color memory selection switch (SW) described later is switched, these registers add the tone switched this time to a new ON key after the switching operation. Used by the CPU 1 for the arithmetic processing for the operation. On the other hand, the timbre register section 13 has a register for storing the contents of the timbre of the musical tone currently used. Further, the musical sound creating section 11 is assigned operation keys of the keyboard 6 to musical sound creating systems for eight channels formed by the arithmetic operation of the CPU 1 by the time division processing method, and creates musical sound signals of the operation keys. A synthesized musical tone is emitted via the amplifier 14 and the speaker 15. In this case, the tone generator 11 receives the data from the tone register 13 and adds a different tone to the tone of each operation key. Next, the switches related to the timbre on the switch input unit 2 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, in the case of the electronic musical instrument of this embodiment, each data of 20 kinds of timbres preset in the timbre creation mode by the switch operation described below in the timbre RAM 4 will be described.
As can be seen from the memory configuration of the tone RAM 4 conceptually shown in FIG.
It consists of envelope data of various types and waveform data indicating a basic waveform. In the memory configuration example of the tone RAM 4 shown in FIG. 3, there are 10 types of volume envelope data, 10 types of waveform envelope data, 10 types of bitch envelope data, and 10 types of basic waveforms.
A register with that much capacity is provided. There are 20 types of timbres, and the register representing each timbre is composed of a total of four pointers to the volume data, harmonic component suppression, pitch envelope data and waveform data, and is arbitrarily selected by a switch operation described later. And memorize. Returning to FIG. 2, the basic waveform memory selection SW 16 stores the waveform data of the ten basic waveforms in the timbre R
A switch for presetting a register corresponding to AM4, and a basic waveform generator switch 17 is a switch for designating five types of basic waveforms. The switch 17A (11, 21, 31, 41, 51) designates one cycle in the first half, and the switch 17B (12, 22, 3, 3) designates one cycle.
(2, 42, 52) are switches for designating one cycle of the latter half. Here, among the numbers written on the switches in the switches 17A and 17B, the 10s are the waveforms shown in FIG. 4A, the 20s are the waveforms shown in FIG. Is the waveform shown in FIG.
The number is the waveform shown in FIG. 4 (4), and the number 50 is
This represents the waveform shown in FIG. The switch 17C is an octave modulation switch for alternately designating the waveform specified in the first half and the waveform specified in the second half every cycle. When the switch 17C is off, only the waveform specified in the first half is specified. The switch 16A is a write switch for writing the content set by the switch 17 into the switch 16. FIG. 4 shows the shapes and data of the five basic waveforms. FIG. 5 shows the data structure of the waveform data of the basic waveform.
The WAVE FORM of 3 bits is 3-bit data set in the waveform of FIG. 4, and the next 3 bits of OCT. MODULA
The 3-bit data shown in FIG. 4 is also set in the TION WAVE FORM. The next 1-bit data is OCT. M
This is data indicating the presence / absence of ODURATION. Further LS
One bit of B is not used and becomes invalid. Returning to FIG. 2, the volume envelope memory selection SW 18 and the harmonic component suppression envelope memory selection S 18
W19 and a pitch envelope memory selection switch 20 respectively control the sound volume, harmonic component suppression,
This is a switch for designating a register for storing each envelope data of the pitch. Therefore, the actual operation is to first select one of the switches 18 to 19 of each envelope of the volume, harmonic component suppression, and pitch. Specify, then 0-7
Rate value designation slide SW21, level value designation slide SW22, and sustain point designation SW provided by eight for each of the eight steps of
The switch of each step 23 is operated, and then the write SW 24, 25, or 26 corresponding to any of the currently selected volume, harmonic component suppression, and pitch envelopes is turned on. FIG. 6 shows the waveforms of the envelopes of the volume, harmonic component suppression, and pitch, which are arbitrarily formed by operating the slide SWs 21 and 23 in accordance with the eight steps described above. It consists of eight fold lines. Then, the end of the folded line portion of the envelope (from point A in the figure)
The height of the point (indicated by the point H) is a level value, and the interval between each repertoire value is represented by a rate value (inclination of a broken line). FIG. 7 shows the data structure of the envelope data. In the figure, A to H represent data storage sections corresponding to points A to H at the end of the envelope waveform in FIG.
Each has a capacity of 18 bits. The MSB in the upper 8 bits stores 1-bit data indicating the direction of the rate (inclination direction of the broken line). , "1" [outside 2] In each direction. The next 7 bits are rate value data, and the MSB in the lower 8 bits is 1-bit data representing sustain information. When "1", it indicates that the sustain point has been reached. “0” indicates that the point is not a sustain point. The next 7-bit data indicates a level value. In addition, the direction of the rate mentioned above Is automatically determined from the change in level value. FIG. 8 shows an example of an actual envelope, and FIG. 9 shows an example of actual data of the envelope of FIG.
In this example, the point F becomes a sustain point, and the envelope of this key is sounded at a constant level until the key is turned off next time. At this time, the value of the point G becomes irrelevant. Returning to FIG. 2, the tone color memory selection switch 27 is a switch for designating registers (registers 1 to 20 in FIG. 3) in the tone color RAM 4 for storing data of the above-mentioned 20 types of tone colors. In the timbre creation mode, the data of the timbre (waveform data of the basic waveform, volume, harmonic component suppression, and pitch envelope data) currently selected by an arbitrary combination of the switches 16 to 20 are stored. The individual number is written into the registers 1 to 20 when the write SW 28 is turned on. In the normal performance mode, simply turning on any one of the tone memory selection switches 27 reads out four pointers of the corresponding tone data from the registers 1 to 20. Then, based on these pointers, FIG. Volume envelope 1
The data are read from the registers of the harmonic component suppression envelopes 1 to 10, the pitch envelopes 1 to 10, and the basic waveforms 1 to 10, and are processed. Next, referring to FIG. 10, a specific configuration of the musical tone creating section 11 will be described. In the figure, reference numeral 30 denotes an interface through which data is input / output to / from the CPU 1;
Reference numeral 1 denotes a volume envelope generating circuit 31 and a harmonic component suppressing envelope generating circuit 3 via the interface 30.
2. Each of the pitch envelope generating circuits 33 is shown in FIG.
Envelope data consisting of the above-mentioned rate value, level value, etc. (each data is represented by AMP Ramp, WAVE Ramp, Fre
q, also referred to as Ramp). Then, each of the envelope circuits 31, 32, and 33 calculates a current value from the rate value and the level value, and outputs the current value to the corresponding EXP. (Exponential) ROM 34, band limit circuit 35, frequency RO
Give to M36. When the current value reaches the rate value at that time, each of the envelope circuits 3
1, 32 and 33 generate an interrupt signal INT,
The data AMP Ra sent to the CPU 1 via the interface 30 for the next steps 0 to 7 (points A to H)
mp, WAVE Ramp, Freq. Ramp output is requested (however, in the case of the above-mentioned sustain point, the interrupt signal INT is not output). Freq. The ROM 36 generates frequency information (phase angle information) FI corresponding to the output from the pitch envelope circuit 33 and supplies the frequency information FI to the band limit circuit 35 and the phase generator 37. The phase generator 37 accumulates the phase angle information FI and supplies the result data to a division circuit 38. The band limit circuit 35
Prevents the occurrence of aliasing distortion based on the sampling theorem based on the output from the waveform envelope circuit 32 and the phase angle information, and supplies the output to the division circuit 38. The division circuit 38 further includes an interface 30, a waveform generation circuit 3
Predetermined waveform type selection data transmitted from the CPU 1 through the CPU 9 is also given. Then, the division circuit 38 performs division processing on each output from the phase generator 37, the band limit circuit 35, and the waveform generation circuit 39, accesses the wave generator 40 based on the result data, and generates waveform data. The signal is sent to the multiplication circuit 41. As a specific configuration of the division circuit 38, an implementation circuit already proposed by the present applicant and described in, for example, the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 57-212266 can be used. The multiplication circuit 41 also has an EXP. RO
Control data read from M is input, and therefore, the waveform data and control data are multiplied and the result data is provided to the accumulating circuit 42. The accumulating circuit 42 accumulates the result data for each of the eight channels every time it accumulates the result data into a DACI / F (DA converter interface) 4.
3 to the DA converter, so that the synthesized musical tone is emitted from the speaker 15. Next, the configuration of each of the envelope circuits 31, 32, 33 for the volume, harmonic component suppression, and pitch will be described in detail with reference to FIG. Since these circuits 31 to 33 have the same configuration, the circuit shown in FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 45 denotes a shift register group in which eight stages of shift registers having a capacity of 8 bits are connected in parallel with each other.
The level value sent from PU1 is input in parallel to the first stage. It is to be noted that the shift register group 45 is configured by connecting shift registers in eight stages in parallel.
Corresponds to the existence of musical tone creation systems for channels. The same applies to other shift register groups to be described later. The level value input to the first stage of the shift register group 45 is then shifted to the subsequent stage and output from the eighth stage, returned to the first stage via the transfer gate 47, and supplied to the B input terminal of the comparator 48. Given. The transfer gate 46 is controlled by applying a preset signal sent from the CPU 1 to the gate of the transfer gate 46 via an inverter 49, and the transfer gate 47 is controlled by applying the preset signal directly to the gate. Note that this preset signal is at “0” level only when a level value is sent. On the other hand, the rate value is input to the transfer gate group 50 via the transfer gate 51, and when the rate value is output from the shift register group 50, the rate value is returned to the shift register group 50 via the transfer gate 53. It is also provided to the B input terminal. The transfer gates 51 and 52 are controlled to open and close by applying the preset signal via the inverter 54 or directly to the gates. Further, the output data (current value) from itself is returned to the shift register group 55 via the transfer gate 56 and input to the shift register group 55, and is also applied to the A input terminal of the adder / subtractor 53. The result data ANS1 of the adder / subtractor 53 is supplied to the shift register group 55 via the transfer gate 57 and also to the A input terminal 48 of the comparator 48. Thus, the adder / subtractor 5
To the control terminal SUB 3, the MSB data (data indicating the direction of the rate) of the rate value output from the shift register group 50 is input as a subtraction command, and when this subtraction command is “1”, the subtraction is performed. Addition is performed when it is "0". Further, the MSB data of the rate value is input as a comparison method selection command to the control terminal ≧ of the comparator 48. When the comparison method selection command is “1”, if A ≦ B, the comparison result signal of the comparator 48 is obtained. ANS
2 is “1”, if A> B is “0”, while if the comparison method selection command is “0”, if A ≧ B, the comparison result signal ANS
2 is "1", and if A <B, it is "0". The comparison result signal ANS2 is transferred to the transfer gates 56 and 57.
Are applied to the gates directly or via an inverter 58 to control the opening and closing, respectively, and also to one end of a NAND gate 59. On the other hand, at the other end of the NAND gate 59,
M of level value output from shift register group 45
The SB data (sustain information) is inverted and input, and the output of the NAND gate 59 is sent to the CPU 1 as the interrupt signal INT. Next, the tone color setting operation, the tone color reading operation at the time of performance, and the circuit operation in each case of the above embodiment will be described. First, after the power switch of the electronic musical instrument is turned on, the tone generation mode is set by operating a predetermined switch. First, an arbitrary basic waveform is set in each of the basic waveform registers 1 to 10 (FIG. 3). First, the number 1 switch of the basic waveform memory selection switch 16 is turned on, and then one of the switches 17A for the selected waveform (see FIG. 4) among the first half numbers 11 to 51 of the basic waveform generation unit switches 17 is turned on. I do. Next, when it is desired to make the first half and the second half different from each other in the basic waveforms for two cycles, the octave switch 17C is turned on, and then those different from the first half (switches 17B) of numbers 12 to 52 are turned on. Finally, write switch 1
Turn on 6A. On the other hand, if only the first half of the waveform is specified, the octave switch 17C is not operated. An arbitrary basic waveform is similarly set for the switches 2 to 10 of the switch 16 and set in the corresponding register. Next, the volume envelope is stored in the register 1 of FIG.
Preset to ~ 10. In this case, first, switch 1
8 is turned on, and the rate value designation slide SW21, level value designation slide SW22, and sustain point designation SW23 are set to desired states.
Next, when the write SW 24 is turned on, the data of the volume envelope is set in the register 1. The same applies to registers 2 to 10 of the volume envelope. The envelope data for the harmonic component suppression envelope and the pitch envelope are set by exactly the same operation except that the write switch 25 or 26 is operated. FIG. 12 shows the state of the volume, harmonic component suppression, and pitch envelope thus preset. As described above, the basic waveform and the envelopes of the volume, harmonic component suppression, and pitch are stored in the tone RAM 4.
Are preset in the corresponding registers (FIG. 3) in
Next, pointers for the envelopes of the basic waveform, the volume, the suppression of harmonic components, and the pitch are set in the registers of the tone color memory (registers 1 to 20 in FIG. 3). In this case, first, the number 1 of the tone memory selection SW 27 is turned on,
For example, number 5 of the switch 16, number 1 of the switch 18,
After turning on the number 3 of the switch 19 and the number 7 of the switch 20, respectively, the write SW 28 is turned on. Therefore, the pointers 5, 1,.
3, 7 are preset. A desired pointer is preset for the tone registers 2 to 20 in the same manner. After the preset operation is completed in the tone color registers 1 to 20 as described above, the normal performance operation can be performed thereafter. That is, before starting the performance, the switch 27
One switch of a desired tone color among 0 is turned on. When the performance is started, the key output of the keyboard 6 is supplied to the CPU 1 through the interface 5 and the bus line BUS, the operation keys are assigned to a predetermined channel, and a musical sound generation command is supplied to the musical sound generation section 11. The tone register section 13
Is set to the currently set tone color data. as a result,
The tone generator 11 creates a tone with the set tone and emits the tone from the speaker. Further, during the performance, the timbre can be easily changed simply by switching the switch 27. In the above embodiment, the switches 16 to 2
The tone data arbitrarily set in step 3
8, the tone RAM 4 is temporarily stored. However, except for the tone RAM 4 and the switches 27 and 28, the switch 1
6, 21 to 23, an arbitrary tone may be immediately obtained. As described above, according to the present invention,
By making it possible to select envelope data to be assigned to each characteristic of a musical tone from a plurality of envelope data stored in advance, a complex musical tone having a temporal change in the characteristic of each musical tone can be obtained. It can be created very easily. Specify envelope data for each characteristic
The envelope data for each of the specified characteristics is
Multiple sets of specified data specified at the time can be stored,
Select one of the stored specified data and
Envelope data for each characteristic corresponding to constant data
By reading each time, various musical tones intended by the user can be generated quickly and easily. Further, the envelope data stored in plural types for each characteristic can be input from outside, and not only can the user use the desired envelope, but also the means for inputting the envelope data. Is not provided independently for each characteristic, but is not provided independently for each characteristic, and has the advantage of minimizing the number of input operation members for common use of each characteristic.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an overall circuit diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a switch configuration of a key input unit 8; FIG. 3 is a memory configuration diagram of a tone RAM 4. FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of a basic waveform. FIG. 5 is a data configuration diagram of waveform data of a basic waveform. FIG. 6 is an envelope waveform diagram. FIG. 7 is a data configuration diagram. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a specific example of an envelope waveform. FIG. 9 is a data content diagram. FIG. 10 is a specific circuit diagram of the musical sound creation unit 11; FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of an envelope circuit. [Description of Signs] 1 CPU 2 ROM 3 RAM 4 Tone RAM 6 Keyboard 8 Switch input unit 10 Register unit 11 Musical tone creation unit 14 Amplifier 15 Speaker 16 Basic waveform memory selection switch 16A, 24, 25, 26, 28 Write switch 17 Switch 18 Volume envelope memory selection switch 19 Waveform envelope memory selection switch 20 Pitch envelope memory selection switch 21 Rate value designation slide switch 22 Level value designation slide switch 23 Sustain point designation switch 27 Tone memory selection switch

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] Envelope input means for inputting envelope data by external operation, characteristic specifying means for specifying any one of a plurality of types of tone characteristics by external operation, and envelope data for each of a plurality of types of tone characteristics And an envelope data storage unit having an area capable of storing a plurality of types of the envelope data, and the envelope data input by the envelope input unit based on the characteristics specified by the characteristic specification unit. a first storage control means for storing in the corresponding area of the storage means, specify the envelope data stored in the envelope data storage means one by one for each characteristic of the musical tone
Designation means, designation data storage means having a plurality of areas, and all the envelopes for each characteristic are designated by the designation means.
After that, the envelope data for each of the specified characteristics
Means for simultaneously specifying the specified data
Desired second storage control means for storing in the area, and selecting means for selecting a desired designation data from among the specified data stored in the designated data storage means, designated data selected by the selection means reading means for the envelope data for each characteristic corresponding reading in response to a performance operation from the end base rope storage means, and pitch data output means for outputting pitch data by the performance operation, the pitch Musical tone generation instructing means for instructing generation of a tone signal controlled by envelope for each characteristic based on the pitch data from the data output means and the envelope data for each characteristic read by the reading means; An electronic musical instrument, comprising: 2. The data storage means stores a plurality of volume envelope data for controlling the volume of the musical tone, a plurality of pitch envelope data for controlling the pitch of the musical tone, and a plurality of harmonic control envelope data for controlling the harmonic components of the musical tone. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the electronic musical instrument is capable of being operated.