JP2655234B2 - Solar shading device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for shielding sunlight entering a room from windows of a building or windows of a vehicle such as a train or a bus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Blinds and curtains are well known as this type of apparatus. The blinds and curtains shielded all or part of the windows from light, preventing sunlight from entering the room.

[0003]

However, blinds and curtains have the disadvantage that the interior of the room is darkened because most of the sunlight entering the room is shielded from light. In winter and the like, it is desirable to increase the amount of sunlight that enters the room as much as possible to enhance the indoor heating effect and save energy for lighting and heating. However, such effects cannot be expected when blinds or curtains are used.

In order to enhance such an effect, it is necessary to minimize the area that is shaded by blinds or curtains. However, in such a case, there is a problem in that the sunlight entering the room directly hits the indoors, thereby causing the indoors to feel unpleasant. Particularly in the case of vehicles that move while changing the direction of the ground, such as trains and buses, the direction of sunlight entering the room changes frequently. In order to avoid discomfort, the curtain had to be repositioned frequently. Especially in winter, the angle of incident sunlight is low, so sunlight is shining on people far away from the window, but if the person at the window is in the shadow of the curtain, the person at the window will be more It was not expected to adjust the position of the curtain, and there was a problem in that people far away from the window had to endure very unpleasant thoughts.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to ensure a sufficient amount of sunlight entering a certain space while preventing a person existing in the area from feeling unpleasant due to the sunlight. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sunlight blocking device.

An object of the invention described in claim 2 is that while a sufficiently large amount of sunlight is incident on a predetermined area on the ground, a person at a predetermined point in the predetermined area feels unpleasant by the sunlight. An object of the present invention is to provide a solar light shielding device that does not have to be used.

An object of the invention described in claim 3 is to secure a sufficient amount of sunlight incident on a fixed building,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar shading device that prevents a person at a predetermined point in the building from feeling unpleasant due to the incident sunlight.

An object of the invention described in claim 4 is to increase the amount of sunlight incident on a predetermined area, while preventing a person at a predetermined point in the predetermined area from feeling unpleasant by the sunlight. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar light shielding device that can provide a great effect with a simple operation.

The object of the invention described in claim 5 or 6 is as follows.
While securing a sufficient amount of sunlight entering the room of the moving object, the person at a predetermined point in the moving object does not have to feel uncomfortable with the sunlight entering the room,
An object of the present invention is to provide a solar shading device.

[0010]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar shading device, comprising: a time-measuring means for giving a total time of a year at a predetermined point; and an arbitrary time provided by the time-measuring means. In, the intersection position deriving means for deriving the position where the sunlight incident on the predetermined point intersects the predetermined surface, including the position where the sunlight intersects, by shielding a predetermined area smaller than the predetermined window area, A light-shielding unit that shields sunlight incident on a predetermined point and that changes a light-shielding position in a predetermined plane according to the intersecting position.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the sunlight shading device according to the first aspect, wherein the intersection position deriving means determines a predetermined point at an arbitrary time given by the timing means. The method includes means for specifying a direction vector of passing sunlight, and intersection position calculation means for calculating a position at which a straight line defined by the direction vector intersects a predetermined surface in an analytically geometric manner.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the solar light shielding device according to the second aspect, wherein the predetermined point is defined in a fixed building, and the predetermined surface is the fixed building. The surface defined by the object window.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar shading device according to the second aspect, further comprising a manually operable moving means for moving the shading means to an arbitrary position. . Then, the means for specifying the direction vector of the sunlight performs a calibration process for the calculation of the direction vector of the sunlight thereafter based on the position of the light shielding means moved by the moving means.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the sunlight shading device according to the first aspect, wherein the predetermined point is defined on a moving body having a predetermined reference axis, and a predetermined surface is defined. Is a surface defined by a window fixed to a reference axis on the moving body. The timing means includes a mobile timing means for providing the total time of the year on the mobile. The intersection position deriving means is provided at the arbitrary time given by the mobile body timing means, for specifying the direction vector of the sunlight incident on the predetermined point, and provided on the mobile body, and automatically sets the predetermined geostationary satellite. Error tracking means for detecting an angular error between the direction of the geostationary satellite and the reference axis by tracking
Based on the angle error and the direction vector detected by the error detection means, the sunlight incident on the predetermined point, the intersection position calculation means for analytically calculating the position where it intersects with the predetermined surface defined by the window, including.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the sunlight shading device according to the first aspect, wherein the predetermined point has a predetermined reference axis which moves on a known dedicated orbit. Determined on the moving object. The predetermined plane is a plane defined by a window fixed to a reference axis on the moving body. The intersection position deriving means is configured to store a posture of the moving body at a predetermined point on the dedicated trajectory in advance, and a position of the moving body on the dedicated trajectory to detect the position of the moving body, and store the storing means based on the detected position. Attitude calculation means for calculating the attitude of the moving body with reference to, at an arbitrary time given by the timing means, means for specifying a direction vector of sunlight incident on a predetermined point, and output of the attitude calculation means, Intersection position calculating means for calculating a position at which sunlight incident on the moving body intersects a surface defined by the window, based on the specified direction vector of sunlight.

[0016]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the position at which the sunlight incident on the predetermined point intersects the predetermined surface is derived from the total time of the year at the predetermined point. The light-shielding means shields sunlight incident on a predetermined point by shielding a predetermined area of the predetermined surface including the intersection position. As the total time of the year progresses, the intersection position changes, and accordingly, the position shielded by the light shielding means also moves. Although sunlight enters from a portion other than the area shielded by the light shielding means, the sunlight incident on a predetermined point is shielded by the light shielding means.

In the solar light shielding device according to the second aspect,
At an arbitrary time given by the timing means, a direction vector of sunlight passing through a predetermined point is specified, and a position at which a straight line defined by the direction vector intersects a predetermined plane is analytically calculated. Therefore, the intersection position can be realized by a device having a calculation function such as a computer.

According to the third aspect of the present invention,
Sunlight entering through a window at a predetermined point in a fixed building is blocked, but in spaces other than the predetermined point,
Sunlight enters through the window.

In the solar light shielding device according to the fourth aspect,
Move the light shielding means to an appropriate position using the moving means,
The sunlight can be shielded by manual operation. The subsequent calculation of the direction vector of the sunlight is calibrated based on the position of the light shielding unit at that time, so that the setting of the light shielding unit can be easily performed.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light shielding device for sunlight.
By automatically tracking the geostationary satellite, an angular error between the reference axis of the moving object and the direction of the geostationary satellite is detected. Based on this angular error and the direction vector of the sunlight incident on the predetermined point on the moving object at an arbitrary time, the position where the sunlight incident on the predetermined point intersects the window of the moving object is analytically calculated. Is done. Therefore, even if the direction of the reference axis of the moving body changes with the movement of the moving body, sunlight incident on a predetermined point on the moving body is reliably blocked. In addition, sunlight enters a portion of the mobile body other than a predetermined point.

In the solar shading device according to the sixth aspect,
The posture of a moving body moving on a known dedicated track is known in advance by its position. If the relationship between the predetermined position on the dedicated trajectory and the posture of the moving body at that position is stored in advance in the storage means, the storage means and the position detecting means can be used to determine the posture of the moving body at the predetermined position on the dedicated trajectory. You can know. Further, the time vector and the means for specifying the direction vector of the sunlight can specify the direction vector of the sunlight incident on the position. Therefore, based on the calculated attitude and the direction vector of the sunlight, the position where the sunlight entering the moving body intersects the window can be calculated using, for example, a computer.

[0022]

1 to 3 show the basic concept of a solar light shielding device according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the building. 2 and 3 show plan views of the same building.

Referring to FIG. 1, it is assumed that building 20 has windows 24 that face correctly south. It is assumed that a person 22 exists at a fixed position in the building 20.

The sunlight rays 30a-3 incident on the person 22
The direction of 0c changes with time according to the season. For example, in the summer solstice, the sun rises to almost 23 degrees 30 minutes north latitude. This position is represented by sun 28c in FIG. In the winter solstice, the sun will rise to almost 23 degrees 30 minutes south latitude. This sun position is represented by sun 28b in FIG. At the vernal equinox, the sun rises to a position on the equator, and this position is indicated by the sun 28a in FIG. That is, the vertical angle of the sunlight 30a to 30c incident on the person 22 in the building 20 through the window 24 changes depending on the season and time of the sun positions 28a to 28c.

Referring to FIG. 2, the sunlight that enters the position where the person 22 exists in the building 20 depending on the time of day even during one day becomes, for example, the incident light 30d from the east side in the morning and the sunlight in the afternoon. Is the incident light 30e from the west side. The sun moves in a predetermined trajectory from the east to the west in a day.

By the way, the trajectory of the sun as viewed from the position of the person 22 is determined by the month, day and time, and is considered to draw the same trajectory every year. As described above, a specific point in time determined by the month, day, and time is referred to as “sum of the year” in this specification. Then
The position of the sun from the position of the person 22 can be represented as a function of the time of year.

Further, the position where the person 22 exists is the building 20.
If it is considered that the point is a fixed point in the inside, the direction of the solar ray entering the position of the person 22 from the moving sun can also be represented by a vector as a function of the total time of year.

Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a light shielding plate 26 smaller than the area of the window 24 is prepared.
From the total time of the year, the sunlight entering the person 22
Is determined, and the light shielding plate 26 shields the sun rays at the intersection. In this way, person 2
The sunlight rays directly incident on 2 are shielded by the light shielding plate 26, but the sunlight incident on other parts of the room of the building 20 is not interrupted at all. Therefore, if the area of the light shielding plate 26 is set to be large enough to shield a desired portion of the person 22 from sunlight, the sunlight can be sufficiently taken into the room, and On the other hand, it is possible to prevent the sunlight 22 from directly entering and the person 22 feeling unpleasant.

For this purpose, a light-shielding plate 26 is provided on a plane defined by the window 24 so as to be movable two-dimensionally. And the distance L between the window 24 and the person 22
The position where the sunlight intersects the plane defined by the window 24 is determined from 1 and the direction vector of the sunlight determined by the total time of year in the building 20, and the light shielding plate 26 is moved to that position. Therefore, what is necessary is to place the light shielding plate 26 on the plane defined by the window 24.
A mechanism for dimensional movement and means for determining the position at which sunlight intersects the plane defined by the window 24 as a function of the time of year.

Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG.
Even when the distances between the person and the person 22 are different, such as L1 and L2, since the window 24, the position where the person 22 exists, and the triangle drawn by the sun rays are similar to each other, the light shielding plate Correction of the position of 26 is easy.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a light-shielding plate moving mechanism 38 for moving the light-shielding plate 26 two-dimensionally on a plane defined by the window 24. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the light shielding plate moving mechanism 38, and FIG. 5 is a side view.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the light-shielding plate moving mechanism 38 is provided with a light-extractable arm 46 having a light-shielding plate 26 swingably attached to a tip end thereof, and for extending and contracting the length L of the arm 46. And a swing mechanism 40 for swinging the arm 46 along the window 24 by changing the angle θ between the arm 46 and the vertical line.
The light-shielding plate 26 can be moved to an arbitrary position of the window 24 by using the arm extension mechanism 42 and the swing mechanism 40.

The arm 46 is made of a flexible steel plate having an arcuate cross section. The arm 46 can be easily wound and taken out like a tape measure made of steel, and has a structure that does not bend easily even when it is extended.

As described above, the light shielding plate 26 is attached to the tip of the arm 46 so as to be swingable with respect to the arm 46. A weight 48 is attached to the lower side of the light shielding plate 26. With such a structure, even when the arm 46 swings, the light-shielding plate 26 can maintain the posture such that the longitudinal direction is always horizontal.

Referring particularly to FIG. 5, a roller 52 is attached to a portion of the tip of the arm 46 which is in contact with the glass surface of the window 24. The rollers 52 reduce friction between the light shielding plate 26 and the glass plate of the window 24 when the light shielding plate 26 is moved, and smoothen the movement of the light shielding plate 26.

The arm feeding mechanism 42 includes a reel (not shown) for winding the arm 46, a motor 44 for winding the arm 46 on the reel, and rotating the reel for feeding the arm 46. , And a power supply (not shown) for driving the motor 44. The reel is provided in a housing of the arm feeding mechanism 42.

Referring to FIG. 5, the swing mechanism 40 includes a window 24.
A motor 50 for swinging the housing of the arm feeding mechanism 42 and a common power supply for driving the motor 50 with the motor 44.

The light shielding plate 26 can be moved to any position on the window 24 by such a light shielding plate moving mechanism 38. Therefore, when the sun 28 is on the east side as shown in FIG. 4, the incident light from the sun 28 can be shielded by moving the light shielding plate 26 to the left side. When the sun 28 moves to the west as shown in FIG. 6, incident light can be shielded by moving the light shielding plate 26 to the right as well. At this time, when the altitude of the sun 28 is high, the length L of the arm 46 is set.
Is controlled, and when the altitude of the sun 28 is low, the light shielding plate moving mechanism 38 is controlled so that the length L of the arm 46 is increased.

Hereinafter, a method for determining the target position of the light shielding plate 26 when the light shielding plate moving mechanism 38 is moved by the light shielding plate moving mechanism 38 and a circuit for controlling the operation of the light shielding plate moving mechanism 38 will be described with reference to FIGS. Will be explained.

[0040] With reference to FIG. 7, consider a three-dimensional spherical coordinate system with its origin O ₀ the position of the person 22 illustrated in FIG. This coordinate system includes a north-south axis NS, an east-west axis EW, and a height axis z.

Consider a direction vector 30 of sunlight incident on the origin O ₀ . The direction of the direction vector 30 is represented by (α, β) using the above-described expression of the spherical coordinate system. Here, the angle α is the plane NESW of the direction vector 30.
Is the angle between the projection to the N-axis direction and the angle E from the N-axis direction.
Increases in the axial direction. Is the direction vector 3
0 is the angle formed by the plane NESW.

A plane 54 defined by the window 24 shown in FIG. 1 is assumed to be perpendicular to the NS axis and at a distance L from the origin O ₀ . That is, the window 24 (see FIG. 1)
However, suppose that you are facing south exactly.

An xy coordinate axis having an origin at an intersection O with the NS axis on the plane 54 is considered. The x-axis coincides with the W-axis direction, and y
The axis is assumed to coincide with the z-axis direction.

A point at which a straight line defined by the direction vector 30 of sunlight intersects the plane 54 is defined as a point P, and its coordinates on the xy coordinate axes are defined as (X, Y). Let Q and R denote the perpendicular legs lowered from the point P to the x axis and the y axis, respectively. The coordinates of the point Q are (X, 0), and the coordinates of the point R are (0, Y).

The following equation holds for the triangle OO ₀ Q.

[0046]

(Equation 1)

OQ = X, OO ₀ = L ₀ , tan (α−
Since π) = tanα, X is expressed as follows.

[0048]

(Equation 2)

Similarly, the following equation holds for the triangle PO ₀ Q.

[0050]

(Equation 3)

Since PQ = Y and O ₀ Q = √ (X ² + L ₀ ² ), the following equation (2) holds.

[0052]

(Equation 4)

By substituting equation (1) for X in equation (2) and rearranging, the following equation (3) can be obtained.

[0054]

(Equation 5)

In equations (1) and (3), the length L ₀ is
Distance between person and window, known. Also, the angle α,
Both are determined by the direction vector 30 of the incident sunlight. α and β have a property that, for a certain point, is determined only once when the total time of the year at that point is given, and this is also known. Therefore, given the total time of year, the coordinates (X, Y) of the point P shown in FIG. 7 can be known from Expressions (1) and (3).

It is easy to convert the coordinates (X, Y) into, for example, values in the XY coordinate form shown in FIG. 4 and to determine the length L of the arm 46 and the angle θ formed by the arm 46 with the Y axis. I can do it.

Next, a control system of the light shielding plate moving mechanism 38 shown in FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIG. Referring to FIG. 8, the control system of light-shielding plate moving mechanism 38 includes a clock 6 for giving the total time of year at the point where this building exists.
0, an incident direction vector table 62 for storing the direction vector of the incident light of the sun corresponding to the total time of the year given from the clock 60 in, for example, every 15 minutes;
Based on the angle information (α, β) for specifying the direction of the incident direction vector given from the incident direction vector table 62, the position of the light shielding plate 26 is calculated by the equations (1) and (3), and further shown in FIG. It includes a movement control unit 64 for calculating the payout length L and the swing angle θ and thereby controlling the motors 50 and 44. The motor 50 is provided with an angle sensor 66. The motor 44 is provided with an arm length sensor 68. The sensor 66 detects the angle θ and feeds it back to the movement control unit 64. The sensor 68 detects the arm length L and feeds it back to the movement control unit 64.

The movement control unit 64 uses the above equation (1).
A microcomputer or the like for performing the calculation represented by (3) and the calculation for converting the coordinates (X, Y) obtained by Expressions (1) and (3) into the arm length L and the arm angle θ. It includes an arithmetic circuit 70 and control circuits 72 and 74 for controlling the motors 50 and 44 in response to the output of the arithmetic circuit 70, respectively.

The rotation direction of the motor 50 and the motor 44 can be freely switched. These motors 44 and 50 operate in response to the control of the movement control unit 64. Motor 5
The operation of 0 causes the arm 46 to be wound on or reeled out from the reel. By the operation of the motor 44, the swing mechanism 40 and the arm 46 can be swung around the axis of the motor 44.

The control system shown in FIG. 8 operates as follows. The clock 60 gives the total time of year to the incident direction vector table 62. From the incident direction vector table 62, values (α, β) (see FIG. 7) for specifying the incident direction vector of the sunlight corresponding to the input total time in 15-minute intervals are supplied to the arithmetic circuit 70. Given.

The arithmetic circuit 70 calculates the equation (1) based on the values (α, β) given from the incident direction vector table 62.
Perform the operation of (3). The arithmetic circuit 70 further calculates the arm extension length L and the arm angle θ by performing coordinate transformation on the values (X, Y) obtained from the equations (1) and (3). The control circuits 72 and 74 respectively include the arithmetic circuit 7
The motors 50 and 44 are driven so that the arm extension length L and the arm angle θ are output from 0. Sensor 66,
68 detects the arm angle θ by the motor 50 and the extension length L of the arm by the motor 44 and feeds back to the arithmetic circuit 70. The arithmetic circuit 70
On the basis of the fed back value, the control circuits 72, 74
Is calculated.

This causes the arm 46 to expand and contract and swing,
The light shielding plate 26 can be moved to any position above the window 24. Accordingly, the light blocking plate 26 can block sunlight incident on the position where the person 22 exists. In this case, sunlight is shielded only at the position where the light shielding plate 26 is present in the window 24. Other parts, unlike conventional blinds and curtains, transmit sunlight as it is.
Therefore, the sunlight does not directly hit the person 22, but the sunlight is sufficiently incident on other rooms. Therefore,
For example, in winter and the like, the indoor sunlight can enhance the heating effect of the room and maintain the room bright. For this reason, it is possible to reduce heating costs, electricity costs for lighting, and the like. Furthermore, fuel savings for heating and lighting can be achieved.

Incidentally, pulse motors can be used as the motors 50 and 44. In this case, by detecting the pulse signal, the motors 50 and 44 can be controlled without using the sensors 66 and 68, whereby the light shielding plate 26 can be moved to a desired position.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show examples in which the light shielding device of the present invention is applied to a moving body such as a vehicle 76. FIG. The moving body changes its traveling direction. Therefore, it is necessary to consider that the direction of the window always changes instead of the idea of the fixed window as shown in the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the position of the light-shielding plate is determined in consideration of the direction of the window.

Referring to FIG. 9, a vehicle 76 has an axis 78 in the same direction as the traveling direction as a reference axis. The vehicle 76 has a large number of windows 120, and each of the windows 120 is provided with the light shielding plate 26 as shown in the first embodiment. Further, an antenna 80 for automatically tracking the geostationary satellite S is provided on a roof portion of the vehicle 76. As will be described later, the light-shielding device of this embodiment automatically detects the direction of the reference axis 78 of the vehicle 76 by automatically tracking the geostationary satellite S using the antenna 80, thereby detecting the window. The light shielding plate 26 is moved by correcting the direction vector of the sunlight incident on the light guide 120.

FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a control system for controlling the light shielding device. Referring to FIG. 10, the control system includes an absolute azimuth detecting system 122 and a light shielding plate control system 124 for driving light shielding plate 26 based on the absolute azimuth detected by absolute azimuth detecting system 122.

The absolute azimuth detecting system 122 detects the absolute azimuth by using the geostationary satellite S such as a broadcasting satellite or a communication satellite as described above. Absolute bearing detection system 122
Includes an antenna 80 having a predetermined elevation angle so that radio waves from the geostationary satellite S can be received.

The antenna 80 has a vertical axis 86 and a vertical axis 8.
6, a platform 83 fixed horizontally to the upper end of
It includes a substrate 82 mounted on the platform 83 at the above-mentioned elevation angle, and two antenna elements 80R and 80L arranged side by side on the substrate 82. The platform 83 and the rotation shaft 86 can be rotated by a pulse motor 84. The rotation angle of the rotation shaft 86 is detected by an angle detector 88.

The absolute azimuth detecting system 122 further mixes the outputs of the antenna elements 80R and 80L and outputs a sum output (R + L).
And a mixer 90 for outputting the difference output (RL).
An RF (high frequency) amplifier 92 for amplifying the sum output (R + L) output from the mixer 90; an IF (intermediate frequency) amplifier 94 for further converting the sum output (R + L) into an intermediate frequency signal;
A PLL (Phase Locked Loop) circuit 96 for generating a signal having a predetermined phase difference with the signal output from the amplifier 94 is included.

As is well known, the PLL circuit 96 includes a phase detector 112 connected to the output of the IF amplifier 94 and a low-pass filter 11 connected to the output of the phase detector 112.
4 and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 116 whose input is connected to the output of the low pass filter 114. VCO11
6 is supplied to an input of a phase detector 112, and the phase detector 112 detects a phase difference between the output signal of the IF amplifier 94 and the output of the phase detector 112.

The absolute azimuth detecting system 122 further includes a mixer 9
RF amplifier 98 for amplifying the difference output (RL) output from the RF amplifier 98 at a high frequency, and an IF amplifier 100 for converting the signal output from the RF amplifier 98 to an intermediate frequency signal.
And a phase detector 102 for comparing the phase of the output signal of the IF amplifier 100 with the reference signal provided from the PLL circuit 96, and an error signal corresponding to the output of the phase detector 102 for outputting the comparison result. An error detector 104 for outputting to a line 105;
And a motor control circuit 106 for driving the pulse motor 84 in a direction in which the error signal decreases in response to the error signal provided via the control signal 05.

The operation of the above-described absolute direction detection system 122 will be described later.
The main beam direction of 0 is rotated so that it always faces the geostationary satellite S. The angle detector 88 has a predetermined reference axis, for example, a rotation axis 86 with respect to a reference axis 78 of the vehicle shown in FIG.
Is detected and given to the light shielding plate control system 124.

The light-shielding plate control system 124 is substantially the same as the control system of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 8, except that an angle detector 88 is provided between the incident direction vector table 62 and the movement control unit 64. A vector conversion circuit 108 for performing vector conversion of the incident direction vector of sunlight output from the incident direction vector table 62 based on the detected angle error of the reference axis is provided. That is, a large number of connected movement control units 64 are provided. In FIG. 8 and the light shielding plate control system 124 shown in FIG. 10, the same components are given the same reference numerals and names. Their functions are the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here.

The light-shielding device of the second embodiment operates as follows. The following tracking method of the geostationary satellite S is called a monopulse tracking method. In the monopulse tracking method,
The phase difference between the radio waves received by the antenna elements 80R and 80L shown in FIG. 10 is detected, and the pulse motor 84 is driven so as to set the main beam direction of the antenna 80 so that the phase difference becomes zero.

The antenna elements 80R and 80L receive radio waves from the geostationary satellite S and output the outputs R and L to the mixer 9 respectively.
Give to 0. The mixer 90 includes antenna elements 80R, 80
The outputs of L are mixed and supplied to the RF amplifier 92 as a sum output (R + L) and to the RF amplifier 98 as a difference output (RL).

The sum output (R + L) is amplified by the RF amplifier 92, further converted into an intermediate frequency signal by the IF amplifier 21, and supplied to the phase detector 112.

The phase detector 112 detects the phase difference between the output signal of the IF amplifier 94 and the output signal of the VCO 116,
This is applied to a low-pass filter 114. The low-pass filter 114
A control voltage for the VCO 116 is created from the output of the phase detector 112 and given to the VCO 116. The VCO 116 outputs a reference signal whose frequency changes according to the control voltage supplied from the low-pass filter 114 and supplies the reference signal to the phase detector 112 and the phase detector 102.

By doing so, the PLL circuit 9
6 forms a loop so that the phase difference between the output signals of the VCO 116 and the IF amplifier 94 becomes a predetermined value (for example, 0), and outputs a reference signal.

On the other hand, the difference output (RL) is
The signal is amplified at 8 and further converted to an intermediate frequency signal by the IF amplifier 100, and supplied to the phase detector 102. The phase detector 102 compares the phase of the output signal of the IF amplifier 100 with the phase of the reference signal supplied from the PLL circuit 96, and supplies the difference to the error detector 104. The error detector 104
The error signal corresponding to the output of the phase detector 102 is sent to line 1
05 to the motor control circuit 106. The motor control circuit 106 drives the pulse motor 84 under the control of the above-described control system such that the phase difference between the radio waves received by the antenna elements 80R and 80L becomes zero.

Thus, even if the vehicle equipped with such a light shielding device turns, the main beam direction of the antenna 80 is always directed to the geostationary satellite S. In this way, tracking of the geostationary satellite S by the antenna 80 is achieved.

Since the antenna 80 tracks the geostationary satellite S, the output of the angle detector 88 which detects the angular position of the rotation axis 86 of the platform 83 is based on the azimuth of the geostationary satellite S and the vehicle 76 (see FIG. 9). ) Shows the angle between the reference axis 78 and the reference axis 78. Therefore, if the azimuth of the geostationary satellite S is known, the absolute azimuth of the traveling direction of the vehicle can be determined from the output of the angle detector 88. Accordingly, when the window 120 of the vehicle 76 shown in FIG. 9 faces exactly south, that is, when the reference axis 78 is correctly facing east, sunlight enters a predetermined position on the vehicle 76. If the direction vector is obtained in advance and the direction vector is converted based on the absolute azimuth detected along with the turning of the vehicle, it is possible to know the incident direction vector of the sunlight that actually enters the predetermined position on the vehicle 76. . If this incident direction vector can be known, the position where the light shielding plate 26 should be moved can be calculated in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 10, when the reference axis 78 of the vehicle 76 shown in FIG. 9 is correctly oriented east as described above, the vehicle 7
6, values (α0, β0) representing the incident direction vector of the sunlight incident on the predetermined point are stored in association with the total time of the year. The total time of the year is, for example, every 15 minutes.

The clock 60 measures the total time of the year on the vehicle 76 while moving with the vehicle 76. In the case of a train as shown in FIG. 9, the total time of the year is substantially the same as the total time of the fixed point on the ground.
However, when traveling on the earth's surface over a long distance like an aircraft, the time output by the clock 60 also changes as a function of the current position.

The incident direction vector table 62 stores the clock 6
A value (α0, β0) representing the incident direction vector of sunlight corresponding to the total time of the year that is output as 0 is given to the vector conversion circuit 108. The vector conversion circuit 108 calculates the values (α0, β0) given from the incident direction vector table 62.
Is corrected by the output of the angle detector 88. In the case of the system shown in FIG. 10, since the angle detector 88 measures only the heading of the vehicle 76 on the horizontal plane, for example, the output of the angle detector 88 is subtracted from the angle α0, or Vector conversion can be performed only by adding.

The operation of the movement control unit 64 performed in accordance with the output of the vector conversion circuit 108 is exactly the same as that of the movement control unit 64 of the first embodiment. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated here. A plurality of movement control units 64 shown in FIG.
Perform exactly the same operation. Of course, as shown in FIG. 9, the light shielding plate 2 provided in a plurality of windows of the same vehicle
Although the same control may be performed for the movement control unit 64 for moving the vehicle 6, the control system as described above needs to be provided completely separately for different vehicles.

As described above, in the second embodiment, even in a vehicle that moves on the ground and changes its traveling direction, the traveling direction is detected by automatically tracking the geostationary satellite, and the incident direction prepared in advance is determined. By correcting the output from the vector table with the detected azimuth, only light incident on a predetermined point in the vehicle 76 can be blocked by using the light shielding plate 26 as in the first embodiment. Only the necessary parts of the vehicle are shielded from light, and sunlight enters other parts to enhance the heating effect inside the vehicle. There is an effect that can be. Further, since the movement of the light-shielding plates provided in a large number of windows can be controlled by using exactly the same control system, the apparatus does not need to be so complicated.

In the above-described embodiment, the incident vector of the sunlight is corrected only in the traveling direction of the vehicle. In addition to this, the inclination (pitch angle, roll angle) of the vehicle is obtained in the same manner. Can be used to correct the incident vector. Such correction is also useful for moving objects such as automobiles.

In any of the above-described first and second embodiments, the mechanism for moving the light shielding plate 26 is a combination of an arm expansion / contraction mechanism and a swing mechanism as shown in FIG. Had been. However, used in the present invention,
The mechanism for moving the light shielding plate is not limited to this. FIG. 11 is a plan view of a moving mechanism 130 which is another example of a mechanism for moving the light shielding plate.

Referring to FIG. 11, light shielding plate moving mechanism 130
Is a screw shaft 136 provided rotatably.
A motor 138 coupled to the screw shaft 136 for rotating the screw shaft 136 about its axis; a hoist 140 having a female threaded through hole engaging the screw shaft 136; 14
And a rail 134 slidably inserted into the hoisting tool 140 to prevent the hoisting tool 140 from rotating.

The screw shaft 136 and the rail 134
Is fixed to the upper wall surface of the window 24 via the attachment member 132. The hoist 140 is a screw shaft 136.
And the rail 134, and the screw shaft 13
With the rotation of 6, it moves in the horizontal direction.

The hoisting device 140 is provided with a cover 146 accommodating a pulley (not shown) for winding and unwinding the transparent film 142, and is attached to the cover 146. The pulley (not shown) is rotated to unwind and roll the film 142. And a motor 148 for taking out. The leading end of the film 142 is a small light shielding plate 144 having extremely poor transmittance, and the other portions are transparent.

The light shielding plate moving mechanism 130 shown in FIG.
Can be operated as follows. Motor 138
Is rotated in a predetermined direction, whereby the screw shaft 136 rotates in a predetermined direction. As a result, the hoist 140
Moves in one direction (for example, left) along the screw shaft 136 and the rail 134. By reversing the rotation of the motor 138, the moving direction of the hoisting tool 140 is reversed (for example, rightward).

By rotating the motor 148 in a predetermined direction, the film 142 is fed out of the cover 146, and the light shielding plate 144 moves downward. By rotating the motor 148 in the reverse direction, the film 142 is wound into the cover 146, and the light shielding plate 144 moves upward.

Therefore, by driving the motors 138 and 148, the light shielding plate 144 can be moved to any area above the window 24. Even with such a light-shielding plate moving mechanism 130, the light-shielding devices of the first and second embodiments can be realized. By the way, for a vehicle moving on a known dedicated track such as a bullet train or other railway, the traveling direction and the inclination angle of the vehicle at a predetermined point on the dedicated track are uniquely determined by the predetermined point. I will. Of course, when the vehicle travels at a predetermined speed or higher, there may be some fluctuation in the inclination angle due to the centrifugal force, but they are not large. Therefore, the direction vector of sunlight can be more easily determined for a vehicle or the like moving on a known dedicated orbit without using the tracking of the geostationary satellite as described above. Hereinafter, a third embodiment of a vehicle moving on such a known dedicated track will be described.

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of such a solar light shielding device. The third embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 8 in that a position detection circuit 170 for detecting the position of a vehicle on a dedicated track and a vehicle traveling in advance at each predetermined point on the known dedicated track are used. A posture table 180 for storing the direction and the inclination angle in a table format is newly included. The output of the attitude table 180 is input to the arithmetic circuit 70. 10, the same components as those in FIG. 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

The following data is stored in the posture table 180 in advance. For example, consider the Tokaido Shinkansen. For a predetermined position or area from Tokyo to Osaka, the traveling direction and the inclination angle of the vehicle in that position or area are uniquely determined as described above. The attitude table 180 stores a number of pairs of the distance of each such position or area from Tokyo, and the traveling direction and the inclination angle of the vehicle at that position or area. And
The distance from Tokyo detected by the position detecting means is provided to the attitude table 180, and the traveling direction and the inclination angle of the corresponding vehicle are provided to the arithmetic circuit 70.

The arithmetic circuit 70 corrects the value given from the incident direction vector table 62 with the data from the attitude table 180 as in the first embodiment, and
Control 0. Thereby, the position of the sunlight shading device can be automatically controlled without tracking the geostationary satellite. In addition, since the position of the vehicle indicates whether or not the vehicle is in the tunnel, the operation of the light-shielding system can be canceled in the tunnel and the vehicle can be easily cleared in the corner of the window. If it is determined from the output of the timing means that the current time is nighttime and that it is unnecessary to operate the sun shading device,
Similarly, the light shielding plate can be cleared.

In the first embodiment, for example, the distance L ₀ (see FIG. 7) between the person and the window is known.
Defines the angle θ with the Y axis. However, this length L ₀ is different for each installation position of the sunlight shading device.
Measuring the position between the person and the window at each of these installation positions is easy, but the conditions at each installation position are different, so prepare everything in advance. Therefore, it is considered that the device is not practical as a device to be installed in an individual house or the like. Hereinafter, a fourth embodiment that solves such a problem will be described.

Referring to FIG. 13, the sunlight shading device of the fourth embodiment is different from the shading device of the first embodiment in that a joystick 160 for manually controlling motors 50 and 44 is provided. That is the provision. Signals for instructing movement in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction output from the joystick 160 are given to the control circuits 72 and 74,
The control circuits 72 and 74 drive the motors 44 and 50 to move the light shielding plate. The sensors 66 and 68 detect the rotation angle θ and the length L of the arm of the light-shielding device, respectively, and supply them to the arithmetic circuit 70. The arithmetic circuit 70 includes the joystick 16
When the light shielding plate is moved by 0, the sensors 66, 6
8 based on the angle θ and the length L given from the input direction and the input from the incident direction vector table 62 at that time.
Recalculate (calibrate) the length L ₀ between the person and the window. Since then
The sunlight shading device, the length L ₀ recalculated performs computation based, moving the light shielding plate in a position to block the incident direction vectors of the sun.

In FIGS. 13 and 8, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and names, and their detailed description is omitted.

In the fourth embodiment, the length L ₀ used for the calculation executed by the calculation circuit 70 is recalculated using the angle θ and the length L of the arm moved by using the joystick 160. You. Therefore, if the light shielding plate is moved to a position where the sunlight can be shielded by using the joystick 160, the length L recalculated by the arithmetic circuit 70 is calculated.
₀ will represent the distance between the person and the window at that time. Therefore, at the installation position, the arithmetic circuit 70 is used for each installation position only by using the joystick 160.
Can be adjusted. There is no need to reprogram the contents of the arithmetic circuit 70 or change the contents of the memory again, and a highly effective sunlight shielding device can be obtained with a simple operation.

[0102]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the position at which the sunlight incident on the predetermined point intersects the predetermined surface is derived by giving the total time of year at the predetermined point, At that position, sunlight can be shielded. As the sun changes position, the light blocking position by the light blocking means also changes. Therefore, the person present at the predetermined point does not feel unpleasant due to the incident light. In addition, since sunlight is transmitted through a portion of the predetermined window area other than the portion of the predetermined area that is shielded from light, sufficient incident light is secured in a region including the predetermined point.

According to the solar light shielding device of the second aspect, at any time, the direction vector of the sunlight passing through the predetermined point is specified, and the straight line defined by this direction vector is defined as the predetermined surface. Intersecting positions are calculated analytically. For this reason, an arithmetic device such as a microcomputer can be used as the intersection position calculation means, so that a sunlight shielding device can be easily realized.

According to the third aspect of the present invention,
Only sunlight that enters a certain point in the building is blocked,
Sunlight incident on other areas is not blocked by the light blocking means. As a result, people present at predetermined points do not feel unpleasant due to the incident light, and sufficient incident light is secured in other areas, increasing the indoor heating effect of the building, and further increasing the lighting cost Can also be reduced.

In the solar light shielding device according to the fourth aspect,
The sunlight can be shielded by manual operation. Then, based on the position of the light-shielding means at that time, the calibration process of the subsequent calculation of the direction vector of the sunlight is performed.
There is no need to perform a complicated operation for setting the position of the light shielding means. As a result, it is possible to realize a highly effective sunlight shielding device with a simple operation.

In the solar shading device according to the fifth aspect,
An error between the reference axis of the moving object and the absolute azimuth obtained by the geostationary satellite is obtained. Then, based on this error, the direction vector of the sunlight incident on the predetermined point is corrected, and the sunlight incident on the predetermined point is shielded by the light shielding unit in accordance with the corrected direction vector. Therefore, even on the moving body, only the sunlight that enters the predetermined point on the moving body is shielded, and the sunlight that enters other areas is not blocked by the light blocking unit. As a result, it is possible for people existing in the moving object to not be disturbed by the incident light, to enhance the heating effect of the moving object's room, and to save energy by reducing the lighting. Becomes

In the solar shading device according to the sixth aspect,
The posture of the moving body moving on the dedicated track is obtained from the contents of the storage means prepared in advance and the detected position.
The direction vector of the sunlight is calculated from the detected position and the time, and the sunlight incident on the predetermined point is shielded by the light shielding unit according to the calculated direction vector. Even on the moving body, only the sunlight that enters the predetermined point on the moving body is shielded, and the sunlight that enters other areas is not blocked by the light blocking unit. As a result, people present in the moving body do not feel uncomfortable with the incident light,
The heating effect of the indoor space of the moving body can be enhanced, and energy can be saved by reducing lighting.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a building, showing a basic configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a building showing a basic configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a building.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a light-shielding plate moving mechanism and a window.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a light shielding plate moving mechanism and a window.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a light shielding plate moving mechanism and a window.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of calculating a movement position of a light shielding plate.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a control system for moving a light shielding plate.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a vehicle provided with a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a sunlight shading device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of another example of a light-shielding plate moving mechanism and a window.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a sunlight shading device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a solar light blocking device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 20 building 22 person 24 window 26, 144 light shielding plate 38, 130 light shielding plate moving mechanism 40 arm swinging mechanism 42 arm feeding mechanism 60 clock 62 incident direction vector table 64 movement control unit 70 arithmetic circuit 80 antenna

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A time measuring means for giving a total time of year at a predetermined point, connected to the time measuring means, and at an arbitrary time given by the time measuring means, sunlight incident on the predetermined point intersects with a predetermined surface. Intersecting position deriving means for deriving a position to perform, including the intersecting position of the predetermined surface, shielding a predetermined area smaller than a predetermined window area, thereby shielding sunlight incident on the predetermined point. And a light-shielding means including means for changing a light-shielding position in the predetermined plane in accordance with the intersection position. 2. An intersection position deriving unit comprising: a unit for specifying a direction vector of sunlight passing through the predetermined point at an arbitrary time given by the timing unit; and a straight line defined by the direction vector. The sunlight shielding device according to claim 1, further comprising: an intersection position calculating unit that calculates a position at which the predetermined surface intersects with the predetermined surface in an analytically geometric manner. 3. The solar shading device according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined point is defined in a fixed building, and the predetermined surface is a surface defined by a window of the building. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a manually operable moving means for moving the light shielding means to an arbitrary position, wherein the means for specifying the direction vector of the sunlight is moved by the moving means. 3. The sunlight shading device according to claim 2, wherein a calibration process for subsequent calculation of the direction vector of the sun light is performed based on the position of the shading means. 5. The predetermined point is defined on a moving body having a predetermined reference axis, and the predetermined plane is a surface defined on the moving body by a window fixed with respect to the reference axis. The time keeping means includes a moving body time keeping means for giving the total time of the year on the moving body, and the intersection position deriving means, at an arbitrary time given by the moving body time keeping means, at the predetermined point. Means for specifying the direction vector of the incident sunlight, provided on the moving body, by automatically tracking a predetermined geostationary satellite, the angular error between the direction of the geostationary satellite and the reference axis Error detecting means for detecting, based on the angle error detected by the error detecting means and the direction vector, analyzing a position at which sunlight incident on the predetermined point intersects a predetermined surface defined by the window. 2. An intersecting position calculating means for performing a geometric calculation.
The solar shading device according to claim 1. 6. The predetermined point is defined on a moving body that moves on a known dedicated track and has a predetermined reference axis, and the predetermined surface is fixed on the moving body with respect to the reference axis. The intersection position deriving means, a storage means for storing in advance a posture of the moving body at a predetermined point on the dedicated trajectory, Attitude calculating means for detecting a position and calculating the attitude of the moving body with reference to the storage means based on the detected position; and at any time given by the timing means, the sun incident on the predetermined point Means for specifying a direction vector of light, a predetermined plane defined by the window based on the output of the attitude calculation means and the specified direction vector of the sunlight based on the window. The sunlight shielding device according to claim 1, further comprising: an intersection position calculating unit configured to calculate a position at which the sunlight intersects.