JP2616933B2 - Land drilling tools and drilling methods - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a new and improved tool for drilling holes in land,
In particular, it relates to a land drilling tool and a drilling method for drilling a substantially horizontal hole required for laying a gas pipeline, an electric or communication conduit, and the like.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Contractors are often required to lay or replace pipelines below various types of ground surfaces, such as urban areas, highways, railway tracks, and the like. To reduce costs and eliminate the inconvenience of the public from unnecessary drilling and rehabilitation work, vendors often use underground drilling tools to lay and replace pipelines. Currently used drilling tools are suitable for drilling short distances of less than 18m (60 feet), but are insufficient to advance the drilling tool while controlling direction over long distances. This type of drilling tool cannot detect and maneuver obstacles, so it can be used for only about 20% of the total excavation work, and many operations are limited to open excavation.

Thus, economical, guided horizontal drilling tools would be increasingly useful in the industry with increased use in eliminating precision deficiencies and preventing damage to field facilities.

The use of this type of tool, especially in the development area, instead of open digging would result in significant annual cost savings in terms of repair, landscape restoration and road rehabilitation costs.

Conventional pneumatic and hydraulic shock excavators are designed for land excavation for open excavation and restoration of large areas of pavement without excavating large-scale work start and restoration pits for installation of underground laying. ing. The built-in impactor or reciprocating hammer reciprocates under the action of compressed air or hydraulic pressure to supply high energy to the inner surface of the reciprocating hammer. The impact of the reciprocating hammer causes the drilling tool to enter the land and form a cavity into which a cable or conduit can be installed.

Between 1970 and 1972, Bell Laboratories of New Jersey studied tools for maneuvering and moving tools. The 10 cm (4 inch) Schram Pneumagopher has two operating fins and three orthogonal coils that are used in conjunction with a ground antenna to track tool position. . One of the operating fins is fixed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the tool, and the other two operating fins are rotated.

By changing the position of the rotating fin with respect to the fixed fin, there are two drilling modes: a roll mode in which the drilling tool rotates about a vertical axis as the drilling tool advances in the land, and a maneuvering mode in which the drilling tool is directed to a curved path. can get.

The roll mode was used for two methods: straight drilling and straightening and deflecting, where the path of the fins was selectively determined to change the path. The drilling tool was rotated by changing the rotating fin to a non-parallel position with respect to the fixed fin. In this positioning, a couple was generated and rotation was maintained.

The steering mode was performed with the rotating fin positioned parallel to the fixed fin. The two fins approaching as the drilling tool travels through the ground contact the land and create a "sliding rust effect". With this movement, the drilling tool is moved in the same direction as the fin position when viewed from behind the tool.

The site report of this prototype was provided by Bell's JTSibi
Report on lia (Edition Electric Institut)
e: October 13, 1972) only. Sibiria reports that the system turns the drill bit at a rate of 1 to 1.5 degrees per foot. However, this prototype was not commercialized.

Several types of impact drilling tool control systems have been previously announced. The maneuvering system of U.S. Pat. No. 3,525,405 (cone et al.) Uses an inclined flat anvil that rotates continuously or is fixed in a fixed maneuvering orientation by a clutch. U.S. Patent 3,952,81
No. 3 (Chie Panoi et al.) Discloses an eccentric hammer control system in which the hammer striking action is controlled by a motor device and a transmission device. U.S. Patent 3,794,128
No. (Gegan et al.) Discloses a steering system that uses one rotating fin and one rotating tail fin.

However, conventional maneuvering systems require complex parts and extensive design changes to existing drilling tools, or have poor maneuvering responsiveness to avoid obstacles or change direction within normal drilling distances. That was not practical.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,632,191, issued to the assignee of the present invention, describes a system for manipulating a constant angled or horizontal underground drilling tool. The steering system includes an inclined surface tip member fixed to the tool's arbil and applies a turning force to the tool, and cancels the turning force by a selected position of a movable tail fin provided at a rear end of the tool with respect to the tool body. Designed for A turning force is also provided by an eccentric hammer that applies an eccentric impact force to the anvil of the tool.

When the tool is turned, the fins occupy a hollow position with respect to the tool housing, and when the tool rotates and moves linearly, occupies a spin generating position with respect to the housing.

When drilling a straight hole, the tail fin is fixed,
The tool spins relative to the longitudinal axis of the tool, counteracting the swiveling effect of the inclined tip or eccentric hammer. When the fin is in the neutral position, the inclined tip or eccentric hammer deflects the tool in one direction. These fins determine the orientation of the tip member in one plane for the next steering operation.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The maneuvering system disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,086,089 may fail in a drill hole and require drilling to retrieve the drilling tool. Accordingly, there is a need to draw the tool by means of a device that is operated with rigid support, moves reliably inside and outside the borehole, and is powered by, for example, an external drilling rig. As described above, in the conventional device, there are various problems in excavating a long horizontal underground horizontal slot, and in particular, there is a problem in that it is difficult to control a moving direction of a drilling tool for a substantially horizontal slot. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal drilling tool capable of forming a small-diameter slot for installing an embedded object such as an electric wire, a telephone line, a TV cable, and a gas pipe in the ground and easily recovering a failure without requiring excavation. Is to provide.

Another object is to provide a horizontal drilling tool that is rigidly actuated by an external operating member, driven by an external power source, and whose rotational movement or non-rotational movement is controlled from outside the slot.

Means for Solving the Problems The land drilling tool of the present invention is a hollow and elongated rigid support drill pipe (15, 5) having a front end which enters the land.
0) and a drilling tool (17) supported at the front end of the drill pipe (15, 50). The drilling tool (17) is supported at the front end of the drill pipe (15, 50) and has a cylindrical housing (17a) to which air pressure is transmitted from the drill pipe (15, 50), and at the front end of the housing (17a). Mounted,
An impact surface (136, 236) inside the housing (17a), an inclined surface (45, 56, 145) formed outside the housing (17a) to apply a piercing force to the land, and an anvil (133,
233), including a tip member (20, 51) and a drill pipe (1
Air pressure is introduced into the housing (17a) through the 5,5), and the reciprocating hammer (137,237) is operated to move the impact surface (136,2).
The drive device (41, 139, 140, 142) that applies an impact force to the tip member (20, 51) by applying an impact force to the 36) and the air pressure is discharged from the opening (22) from the housing (17a). Discharge device (22, 33, 44). The drilling tool supports the drill pipes (15, 50) entering the land and moves the drill pipes (15, 50) along the length of the drilling tool (17) into the soil, Drill rigs (R, 14, 23) that allow the addition or removal of drill pipes (15, 50) during the operation of entering the pipe, and the air pressure supplied through the drill pipes (15, 50) into the housing (17a). Introduce and operate the anvil (133, 2) by operating the reciprocating hammer (137, 237) arranged in the housing (17a).
Auxiliary device (21) that applies an impact force to the impact surface (136, 236) of 33) and discharges air pressure from the housing (17a)
And a direction control device (16) provided on the drill rig (R, 14, 23) for controlling the movement of the drill pipe (15, 50) along a straight path or a curved path. The drilling tool (17) moves in a curved path when the drill pipe (15, 50) is not rotating by the direction control device (16), and the drilling tool (17) moves in a straight path when the drill pipe (15, 50) rotates. I do. Drilling tool (1) by drill rig (R, 14, 23) Drill pipe (15, 50) Drilling tool (17) by longitudinal drilling force and reciprocating hammer (137, 237)
By the operation of 7), it enters the land and forms a slot (18).

The tip member (20, 51) is larger in diameter than the drill pipe (15, 50), has a base portion (54) supported by the drill pipe (15, 50), and extends a short distance from the tubular extension ( An expander (52) having a taper (52) in the length direction of the drilling tool (17) with respect to 53) is included. The direction control device (16) controls the rotation of the drilling tool (17) and controls the movement of the drill pipes (15, 50) and the drilling tool (17) in a straight path or a curved path. Direction control device (16) for moving drill pipes (15, 50) in straight or curved paths
Has an inclined surface (45, 56) as a front extension surface which is supported on a cylindrical extension (53) and enters the land by a forward movement, and furthermore, the drilling tool (17) is moved by a reaction against the land where it enters. Smooth cylindrical body with controlled passage (55)
Having. Drill rigs (R, 14, 23) that rotate drill pipes (15, 50) rotate drill pipes (15, 50) to rotate inclined surfaces (45, 56) in the ground, and use drilling tools (1).
7) Move the drill pipe (15, 50) in the length direction to enter the land as a straight path movement. Drilling tool (17)
Is driven from inside the pit (P) or slot (18) inside the land, drives the drill pipes (15, 50) in the length direction of the drilling tool (17) and uses the drill rig (R) for ground support. Driven. A drill rig (R, 14, 23) for operating a drill pipe (15, 50) is supported on a track (14) extending in the longitudinal direction of a drilling tool (17) in a land pit (P) and the track (R). It has a motor (23) that can move along (14).
The anvils (133, 233) and the reciprocating hammers (137, 237) apply asymmetric drilling force to the drilling tool (17), and the non-rotating drilling tool (17) forms a curved path in the ground, The drilling tool (17) forms a straight path in the ground. The drilling tool (17) is operated by a longitudinal movement due to the movement of the drill pipe (15, 50) in a longitudinal direction of the drilling tool (17) and an operation by a reciprocating movement of the reciprocating hammer (137, 237). Housing (17a) with hollow drill pipe (15, 50)
The connection assist device (21) for connecting the air to the housing (17)
a) and compressed air from the drill pipe (15, 50) to the housing (17a), and the reciprocating hammer (137, 237)
The air used for the operation is discharged from the housing (17a) through the connection assisting device (21) through an opening (22) formed in the connection assisting device (21). Housing (17a)
Has a tapered conical surface (130), a tip member (20) connected to the conical surface (130) and applying a piercing force to the land is provided inside the housing (17a) with an impact surface (136, 236). And an anvil (133, 233) having a conical portion (129) outside the housing (17a). The albin (133, 233) and the tip (20) are fixed in a fixed non-rotating position in the housing (17a), and the underground movement of the drilling tool (17) depends on the slope (45, 56, 145) with respect to the land. It is deflected from the straight path by the reaction. Impact surface of the anvil (133, 233) (136, 236)
The reciprocating hammers (137, 237) for applying an impact force to the joints transmit the impact force to apply an asymmetrical piercing force.

The connection assisting device (21) is a first hollow tubular member having a large-diameter main body (27) and a small-diameter threaded extension (28, 29) connected to the housing (17a) and the hollow trill pipe, respectively. Formed by (27). The tubular member body (27) has at least one exhaust opening (22) adjacent to the point of connection with the drill pipe (15, 50). The reciprocating hammer (137, 23) is disposed inside the tubular extension (29) connected to the drill pipe (15, 50) and extends into the cylindrical support member (31) to introduce compressed air.
A second tubular member (41) for actuating 7) is provided. The support member (31) supports the second tubular member (41) inside the first hollow tubular member (27) to form an air passage (33), and discharges exhaust gas through the air passage (33). 22). The connection assisting device (21) is supported on the second tubular member (41) to allow exhaust air to flow out of the housing (17a) and to prevent air from flowing into the housing (17a) from a wellbore. The connection assist device (21) has a large body (27)
And a housing (17a) and a hollow drill pipe (15, 50)
Small diameter screw extensions (28, 2
And 9) having a first hollow tubular member (27).
The tubular member body (27) has at least one exhaust opening (22) adjacent to the point of connection with the drill pipe (15, 50). A reciprocating hammer (137, 237) located inside the tubular extension (29) connected to the hollow drill pipe (15, 50) and extending into the tubular extension (29) to introduce compressed air
A second tubular member (41) that operates is provided. It has a through-hole (43) extending in the length direction of the drilling tool (17) and supports the second tubular member (41) inside the first tubular member (27) so that the exhaust gas is supplied to the opening (22). An annular bush (142) is provided that forms a flow path. Second tubular member (41)
An annular check valve (36) is provided which is supported above and which allows exhaust to flow from the housing (17a) and prevents it from flowing from the borehole into the housing (17a).

The method for drilling land according to the present invention comprises a drill pipe (15,
A tip member having a frusto-conical taper (52) having a base (54) with respect to a tubular extension (53) which is larger in diameter than, is supported by, and extends a short distance forward than 50). The process of preparing the elongated rigid support drill pipes (15, 50) to which the (51) is attached, the process of drilling a pit (P) in the land, and the drill rig (R, 14,
23) a step of press-fitting the tip member (51) from the pit (P) into the ground by using the pit (P); a step of providing a drill rig (R, 14, 23) for supporting the ground surface adjacent to the pit (P); (15, 50) in the length direction of the tip member (51) in the ground by the tip member (51);
0, 51) by moving the drill pipe (15, 50) from the outside of the slot (18) to control the direction of movement of the drill pipe (15, 50). A slot (18) or a curved slot (18) is selectively formed, and a straight slot (18) is formed when the drill pipes (15, 50) rotate, and a drill pipe ( 15, 50) to form a curved slot (18) when not rotated.

The process of controlling the direction of movement of the drill pipe (15, 50) is such that when the drill pipe (15, 50) is not rotating, it is moved in a curved path on the land, and the rotation of the drill pipe (15, 50) is straight on the land. Selectively moving the drill pipes (15, 50) to move the drill pipes (15, 50) in a straight path and a curved path. Also, the process of controlling the direction of movement of the drill pipes (15, 50) comprises a smooth attachment (5) supported on a cylindrical extension (53) and having a slope (52) as a front extension.
5) The process of moving the drill pipe (15, 50) with the attached pipe in a straight or curved path,
5, 50) and the inclined surface (56), when the attachment (55) enters the land in the longitudinal direction, the process of entering the attachment (55) into the land as a linear motion. Including. After inserting the drilling tool (17) from the ground surface and moving the drilling tool (17) along the curved path below the intervening obstacle (0), place the drilling tool (17) at the tip of the obstacle (0). Return to

The land drilling method according to the present invention further comprises a hollow elongated rigid supporting drill pipe (15, 50) connected to a tip member (20, 51) including a cylindrical housing (17a); Impact surface provided on the inside (136, 23
6) and an anvil (133, 233) having an inclined surface (45, 56, 145) provided outside the housing (17a);
Air pressure is introduced into the housing (17a) through the drill pipe (15, 50) to operate the reciprocating hammer (137, 237) to apply an impact force to the impact surface (136, 236) and to apply a force to the tip member (2
(41, 139, 140, 1)
42), and the drill pipe (15, 50) is moved in the length direction of the drilling tool (17), and compressed air is supplied to reciprocate the reciprocating hammers (137, 237). 137, 237) to enter the land, and selectively rotate the drill pipe (15, 50) to enter the land, rotate the drill pipe (15, 50) and the housing (17a), and When the (15, 50) is rotating, move the drill pipe (15, 50) in a straight line, and move the drill pipe (15, 5).
When 0) is not rotating, the process of driving the drill pipes (15, 50) in a curved path, the process of excavating the pit (P) in the ground, and the ground surface support adjacent to the pit (P) Of drill rigs (R, 14, 23) and drill rigs (R,
14, 23) to apply a piercing force to press into the ground from the pit (P) to the drilling tool (17) via the drill pipe (15, 50). The anvils (133, 233) and the reciprocating hammers (137, 237) apply an asymmetrical piercing force to deflect into a curved path when the drilling tool (17) is moved on the ground with the housing (17a) when not rotating. With the shape shown, through the drill pipe (15, 50) and the housing (17a)
The reciprocating hammer (137, 237) is operated by introducing air pressure into the inside.

The drill pipes (15, 50) are rotated to generate an asymmetric drilling force, and the drilling tool (17) is
7) When moving in the length direction, it enters the land through a straight passage. The cylindrical housing (17a) has a tapered front end (13
0), and the tip members (20, 51) attached to the front end of the housing (17a) are formed on the impact surface (136, 236) inside the housing (17a) and outside the housing (17a). An anvil (133, 233) having an inclined surface (45, 56, 145) for applying a piercing force to the land. Cylindrical tip member (2
0) has one acute angle and a side surface extending from the tip in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool (17). The anvil (133, 233) and tip (20) are fixed in a fixed, non-rotating position in the housing (17a), and the movement of the underground drilling tool (17) is controlled by the sharp slopes (45, 56, A drilling tool (17) is used which is deflected from the straight path by the reaction of 145). This land drilling method applies pneumatic pressure to the drill pipe (15, 50) to actuate the reciprocating hammer (137, 237), applies impact to the anvil impact surface (136, 236), and transmits impact to the side Process to apply asymmetric drilling force and drill pipe (1
5, 50) to generate an asymmetrical piercing force, and when the drilling tool (17) is moved in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool (17), the drilling tool (17) passes through a straight path. And a step of entering the ground. Drilling tool (1
7) is press-fitted, the drilling tool (17) is moved in the curved path below the intervening obstacle (0), and the drilling tool (17) is returned to the ground surface beyond the obstacle (0).

The underground slot (18) can be drilled by the land drilling tool according to the present invention, which constitutes an underground impact drill. This land drilling tool uses a drill pipe (1
Drill rig (R, 14, 23) for supporting the air pressure supplied through a drill pipe (15, 50) into the housing (17a). . The drill rig (R, 14, 23) has a directional control (16) for controlling the movement of the drill pipe (15, 50) along a straight or curved path. Drill rig (R, 14,
23) In addition to moving the drill pipe (15, 50) in the length direction of the drilling tool (17) to enter the soil, it is necessary to add or remove the drill pipe (15, 50) during the operation to enter the land. It is possible. The connection assisting device (21) operates the reciprocating hammer (137, 237) disposed in the housing (17a) to apply an impact force to the impact surface (136, 236) of the anvil (133, 233). Exhaust the air pressure from (17a).

Drill pipe with drill rig (R, 14, 23) (15,
50) The drilling tool (17) moves into the land and forms a slot (18) by the longitudinal movement of the drilling tool (17) and the operation of the drilling tool (17) by the reciprocating movement of the reciprocating hammers (137, 237).

The direction control device (16) indicates that the drill pipe (15, 50) moves in a curved path when the drill pipe (15, 50) is not rotating,
When rotating the drill pipe (15, 50)
50) linear motion. The drilling tool (17) is supported by the hollow drill pipes (15, 50) (drill rod), and compressed air is supplied through the drill pipes (15, 50) to operate the air reciprocating hammers (137, 237). Reciprocating hammer (137, 23
7) hits anvils (133, 233) (anvil) with external slopes (45, 56, 145). (A) Drill pipe (15, 50), (b) Connection auxiliary device (sub) (21) connected to drill pipe (15, 50), (c) Reciprocating hammer (13)
7, 237) and (d) Asymmetric piercing force is applied to the tip of the slot (18) through the anvil (133, 233) having the inclined surface (45, 56, 145).

The drill pipes (15, 50) are operated by drill rigs (R, 14, 23) provided on the ground surface or in special pits (P) for horizontal drilling, and as the drilling operation progresses, the drill pipes (15, 50) are operated. 50) is added. Due to the asymmetric drilling force due to the inclined surface (45, 56, 145), the slot (1
8) is curved, but if a straight path is required, the drill pipes (15, 50) are rotated to cancel out, ie average out, the asymmetric drilling force. Also, when the drilling tool (17) breaks down, the drilling tool (17) can be pulled out without the need for drilling by pulling out the drill pipe (15, 50).
Can be recovered from

Another type of drilling tool has a taper (52) supported on the drill pipe (15, 50) and which becomes an expander (slot expander) having a diameter greater than the diameter of the drill pipe (15, 50). The taper (52), which constitutes a strong member that enlarges the slot (18), penetrates into the ground by the longitudinal movement of the drilling tool (17) of the drill pipe (15, 50). The tapered part (52) has a base part (54) fitted to the tip of the drill pipe (15, 50) and an extension part (53) extending a small distance forward.

The rigid support tool according to the present invention includes a drill pipe (15, 5
0) can be added or removed, and the drill pipe (15,20) can be inserted from the drill rig (R, 14,23) into the slot (18).
Another advantage is that 50) can be pulled out or pushed in.

Embodiment An embodiment of a land drilling tool and a drilling method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

1 and 2 are schematic cross-sectional views of two types of working systems for forming long-distance horizontal slots by the land drilling method of the present invention. In experiments performed in the development of the present invention, 60-600 m was far more economical than open or auger drilling.
It has been demonstrated that long horizontal slots (200-2,000 feet) can be formed. FIGS. 1 and 2 show the formation of long-distance horizontal slots for public facilities by using two types of work systems.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the formation of a long-distance slot starting from a work start pit P '. As shown in FIG. 1, a drill rig (drilling rig) 10 for forming a slot substantially horizontally from a work start pit P 'to an exit pit P' along a drill line 11 indicating the center line of the slot is provided. A drilling device is arranged in the work start pit P. Drill line 11 shows a state in which a slot extends substantially horizontally under a plurality of buildings.

FIG. 2 shows a horizontal drilling operation using another type of inclined drilling method. The drill rig 10 of FIG. 2 is installed at an angle of about 30 ° with respect to the ground, and the drilling tool enters the ground at an angle of 30 ° to form a drill line 12 which forms a curved path. Continue along and exit to the surface at exit point 13 ahead of the obstacle above the curved path.

In FIG. 2, the slots 12 pass under various obstacles O, such as windmills, lakes, rivers or buildings. In both types of FIGS. 1 and 2, the drill pipe (conduit) for public facilities laid in the slot is connected to the public line of the drilled hole that has been economically openly drilled beyond the obstacle O. .

Horizontal holes, including straight horizontal holes and inclined or curved holes, are advantageous in that they have less change in direction and are closer to the ground surface when drilling drill pipes and motors. However, a straight horizontal hole is disadvantageous in that a work start pit P or an exit pit P 'must be excavated in order to install a drilling machine, and a work area is limited. The sloping slot can be formed almost horizontally along the curved path, but there is a problem when the motor fails.

Inclined drilling and straight horizontal drilling are good methods for laying public railways quickly and economically. Inclined drilling is suitable for drilling long distances, e.g., 150-600 m (500-2,000 ft), which requires a large drill rig. For straight horizontal drilling, use a small drill rig for 60 ~
Suitable for drilling short distances of 150 m (200-500 ft), and maintaining a shallow passage or drilling sloping holes to reach small targets may require a sharp angle change. The practicality of the land drilling tool according to the present invention has been demonstrated in a field test for both the inclined drilling and the straight horizontal drilling.

3, 5, 7, 8 and 13 show various implementations of the invention using a drilling tool supported on a drill pipe 15, also called a hollow drill rod, used for horizontal drilling operations. Is shown.

FIG. 3 shows a work start pit P formed on the ground surface S on one side of an obstacle such as a roadbed R or the like. The drill rig R is supported on the track 14 within the bit P. The drill rig R is similar in construction to a vertical working drill rig, but is moved along a track 14 to provide drilling thrust to a drill pipe 15.

The drill rig R supports one end of the drill pipe 15 and gives drilling thrust to the drill pipe 15 to press the drilling tool 17 into the ground, thereby moving the drill pipe 15 into the ground and drilling into the ground. It has a structure in which extra drill pipe parts of the drill pipe 15 are added as the operation proceeds. Drill rig R has a drill console 24
A control handle 16, which constitutes the upper direction control device, is provided. The drill pipe 15 supports a drilling tool 17 at the other end in order to make a horizontal hole in the ground. The drilling tool 17 may be pneumatic and structured as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,632,191.

The hollow drill pipe 15 is connected to a compressed air source 19. The air of the compressed air source 19 is supplied to the pneumatic drilling tool 17 through the hollow drill pipe 15, and is shown in FIGS. 14A, 14B and
The reciprocating hammers 137 and 237 shown in FIG. 15 are operated to strike the anvils 133 and 233 connected to the external tip member (nose portion) 20.

As shown in FIG. 13, the drilling tool 17 has a connection auxiliary device (sub) 21 connected to the hollow drill pipe 15. The connection assisting device 21 is provided with a slot formed behind the drilling tool 17.
18 has a plurality of openings 22 for discharging air from the drilling tool 17.

The drilling tool 17 operates the tip member 20 to drill a hole in the ground.However, the drilling tool 17 does not remove the excavated soil from the drilled hole but reliably forms the drilled hole by hitting, and drills when forming the drilled hole. The tool 17 does not perform a rotary drilling motion.

Due to the inclined excavation surface of the tip member 20, the slot deflects from the straight path and moves in a connected curved path, so that a single drilling tool 17 can form a curved path as shown in FIG. The use of a drilling tool 17 can also drill a straight slot and deflect at a point into a selected curved path.

The drill rig R has a mechanism for rotating the drill pipe 15 and the drilling tool 17 as well as imparting the drilling thrust to the supported drill pipe 15 and the drilling tool 17 and moving the drill rig R forward. When the drill pipe 15 and the drilling tool 17 are rotated by the drill rig R, the inclined surface 45 of the tip member 20 is rotated,
Proceed in a straight path. Although the drilling tool 17 does not actually advance in a completely straight path, the rotation of the drill pipe 15 cancels out the asymmetric drilling force, and is averaged to be substantially linear.

The device for providing an asymmetric piercing force shown in FIG. 3 can be replaced by an asymmetric reciprocating hammer disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,632,191. The details of this asymmetric reciprocating hammer are not part of the present invention, but are merely shown as another device for applying an asymmetric drilling force. The present invention relates to a hollow drill pipe (drill rod) 15 which is moved by a drill rig R. The supported drilling tool 17 can be used to form straight horizontal holes or curved holes in the ground.

It is also possible to use other known devices for deflecting a drill bit or other drilling element, for example a built-in reciprocating hammer or a vent assist device supporting the built-in reciprocating hammer. Also, if a linear slot is not required, i.e., if a curved slot is required, a reciprocating hammer or other device for rotating the drilling tool may be omitted.

FIG. 5 shows another detail of the drilling method and the drill rig R. As shown, the drill rig R is mounted on the track 14, the console 24 of the drill rig R can be advanced along the track 14, and a motor 23 is provided as a device for rotating the drill pipe 15 in the air. Console 24 is in orbit 14
Of the console 24 along the
Has a control handle 16 which determines to selectively rotate and maintain the drill pipe 15 in a non-rotating state.

The drill rig R can continuously add another part of the drill pipe 15 as the drilling tool 17 advances underground. As shown in FIG. 5, a connector 25 is attached to the rear end of the drill pipe 15, and a conduit 26 connected to the compressed air source 19.
Are connected to the connector 25.

FIG. 13 shows a cross section of a connecting auxiliary device 21 for connecting the housing 17a of the drilling tool 17 to the hollow drill pipe 15.
The coupling assist device 21 includes a tubular body 27 having tubular small diameter extensions 28 and 29 at both ends. The small diameter extensions 28 and 29 allow the transmission of air pressure, respectively, and the housing 17a of the drilling tool 17
Is fitted to the front end of the drill pipe 15 at the rear end.

The tubular body 27 has a large cavity 30 into which a cylindrical support member 31 having a plurality of air passages 33 and a center hole 32 is fitted. The support member 31 supports the tubular member 34 in the center hole 32. A flange end 35 is formed at the end of the tubular member 34 that supports an annular check valve 36 that is normally closed against a valve surface 37. Another tubular member 38 is supported within the small diameter extension 29 and is hermetically sealed between the tubular member 38 and the small diameter extension 29 by an O-ring 39 attached to the tubular member 38.

The small diameter end 40 of the tubular member 41 extending into the housing 17a of the drilling tool 17 is fitted to the tubular member 38 to introduce air for operating the reciprocating hammers 137, 237 into the drilling tool 17.
The connection assisting device 21 supplies compressed air from the drill pipe 15 to the inlet 42.
The air is supplied to the drilling tool 17 as an air motor that operates the reciprocating hammers 137 and 237 through the hollow hole 43 of the tubular member 41 through the hollow member 43 of the tubular member 41 to apply a striking force to the tip member 20. The air consumed by the reciprocating hammers 137 and 237 flows from the housing 17a of the drilling tool 17 to the check valve 36 via the passage 44, the passage 33 and the support member 31, and is discharged from the exhaust port 21.

7 and 8 show details of the drilling tool 17 connected to the end of the drill pipe 15 and the tip member 20 in a non-rotating state. In FIG. 7, the drilling tool 17 is deflected to a curved path indicated by the arrow 46 due to the inclined surface 45 of the tip member 20. FIG. 8 shows that the drilling tool 17 is rotated in the direction of arrow 47,
Reference numeral 17 denotes a state where the drill pipe 15 moves in a linear direction indicated by an arrow 48, and the drill pipe 15 is moved linearly.

14A and 14B are longitudinal sectional views of the drilling tool 17 shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, and FIG. The front end of the front portion 128 of the housing 17a is inclined inward to form a conical portion 129. The inside diameter of the front part 128 of the housing 17a is inclined inward toward the front end to form a conical surface 130, and a small diameter part 131 is formed at the end from the front end to the inside. As shown in FIG.
An internal screw into which the small-diameter extension 28 of the connection assisting device 21 is screwed is formed at the rear end of the housing 17a that is continuous with the front part 128.

An anvil 133 having a conical rear portion 134 and an elongated cylindrical front portion 135 is disposed within the front end of the front portion 128 of the housing 17a. The conical rear portion 134 of the anvil 133 is interference fit with the conical surface 130 of the front portion 128, and the elongated cylindrical portion 135 extends a predetermined distance beyond the front end of the front portion 128. The flat lateral surface at the rear end of the anvil 133 is an impact surface 136 that is hit by the reciprocating hammer 137.
It is.

A reciprocating hammer 137 formed by an elongated cylindrical member is slidably fitted in a cylindrical recess 138 in the front part 128. Most of the outer diameter of the reciprocating hammer 137 is smaller in diameter than the recess 138 of the front part 128, and an annular cavity is formed between the reciprocating hammer 137 and the recess 138.
139 are formed. The relatively short rear end portion 140 of the reciprocating hammer 137 has a large diameter and is slidably fitted on the inner wall of the recess 138 of the front portion 128.

The central cavity 141 extends inward from the rear end of the reciprocating hammer 137 in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool 17. The cylindrical bush 142 is slidably disposed in the hammer cavity 141. The front surface 143 at the front end of the reciprocating hammer 137 has a shape that gives an impact to the center of the flat surface 136 of the anvil 133. Eccentric reciprocating hammer 23 shown in Fig. 15
Reference numeral 7 denotes a shape for giving an eccentric impact to the anvil 233.

An air passage 144 formed in the side wall of the inner reciprocating hammer 137 adjacent the short large diameter rear section 140 connects the central cavity 141 to the annular cavity 139. The air pipe 41 passes through the center of the bush 142, and the rear end of the air pipe 41 is connected to the drill pipe 15 by the connection assisting device 21 as shown in FIG. Reciprocating hammer
The air pipe 41 is permanently connected to the air passage 144 and the bush
Connected to a source of compressed air via 142, and during reciprocation of the reciprocating hammer 137, the air tube 41 alternately connects the annular cavity 139 with the central cavity 141 or the atmosphere.

The cylindrical stop member 149 has a recess 138 in the front 128 near the rear end.
And a plurality of passages 150 provided in the longitudinal direction and at equal circumferential intervals in the drilling tool 17, the passages 150 passing through the central cavity 141 and the connection assisting device 21 and inside the front part 128. The air is discharged to the atmosphere, and the air pipe 41 extends inside the central cavity 141.

As shown in FIG. 14A, the distal end member (nose portion) 20 having an inclined end has a cylindrical portion 152 into which the cylindrical portion 135 of the anvil 133 is fitted, and a central cylindrical hole 153. A slot 154 is formed over substantially the entire length of the central hole 153 through the side wall of the cylindrical portion 152, and a lateral slot (not shown) extends radially from the central hole 153 to the outer periphery of the cylindrical concave portion 152, and fixes the tip member 20 to the anvil 133. Therefore, the cylindrical portion 152 is given flexibility. A flat portion 156 is provided on one side surface of the cylindrical portion 152, and a plurality of holes are provided on the opposite side surface in the same row as the screw holes 157, at intervals in the length direction of the drilling tool 17. The tip member 20 is fixed to the anvil 133 by screwing the screw 159 into the hole 157.

The side wall of the tip member 20 extends forward from the cylindrical portion 152,
A flat inclined surface 145 inclined from the extended end is formed on one side. The length and angle of the slope 145 will depend on the particular application.

Tests were performed on an angled tip 20 having a diameter of 63.5 mm (21/2 inch) and 88.9 mm (31/2 inch) and an angle of 10 ° to 40 ° (indicated by angle “A”). Tip member 20 with a minimum turning radius of 8.4 m (28 ft) in mm (3-1 / 2 inch)
Has proven to be very effective.

As a result of the test, the turning effect of the tip member 20 is often
It turned out that a 10m (35ft) hole can reproduce a deflection of about 10cm. It has been found that the inclined tip member 20 is not adversely affected by the approach speed, and in some cases, increases the approach speed. Further, it has been found that the turning radius is proportional to the inclination angle. At a certain inclination angle, the turning radius decreases in proportion to the increase of the area.

FIG. 15 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a drilling tool 17 including an eccentric hammer device. At the position where the center of gravity of the reciprocating hammer 237 and the tip 243 are eccentric from the longitudinal axis of the drilling tool 17, the internal anvil 23
When hitting 3, an eccentric force is generated that deflects the drilling tool 17 to the opposite side to the displacement of the existing reciprocating hammer.

Another Embodiment FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the tip member 51, which is a drilling head, is supported on a solid or hollow drill pipe 50, and the tip member 51 can be moved by the drill rig R without using the drilling tool 17. 4, the drill rig R is supported on the track 14 as in FIG. The drill rig R is controlled by a control handle 16 on the console 24 and advances the drill rig R along the track 14 or a solid or hollow drill pipe supporting a tip member 51.
Controls whether to apply a rotating force to 50.

The tip member 51 is propelled underground by the drill rig R, and the road surface R
A slot 18 is formed below the surface obstacle O (FIG. 2). The tip member 51 forms a hole in a curved path when the drill pipe 50 is not rotating. That is, the drill rig R is a drill pipe
When the slot 50 is formed by pushing the tip 50 and the tip member 51 on land, the drill pipe 50 is not rotated and the slot 18 becomes a curved passage. As described below, when the drill pipe 50 and the tip member (head) 51 are rotated by the drill rig R, the slot 18 is formed linearly. The tip member 51 is deflected by the non-rotation of the drill pipe 50 to form a curved passage as shown in FIG.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show two heads 51 used in the present invention.
Several examples are provided. In FIG. 11, the tip member 51 is supported by a drill pipe 50 which may be solid or hollow. The tip member 51 has a taper 52 and a small tubular extension 53, and a pilot hole is formed by the advance of the tubular extension 53, and the conical portion with the taper 52 acts as an expander (slot expander) to form a pilot hole. To enlarge. A base portion 54 fitted inside the drill pipe 50 is provided extending from the tip member 51.
The taper of the taper portion 52 is spherical, conical, pramid,
Any shape such as a truncated cone or truncated pyramid may be used.

Operation The operation of the drilling tool 17 and associated equipment can be understood from the above description of this structure, but is described in further detail below.

The pressure of the compressed air source 19 is applied to the ends of the reciprocating hammers 137 and 237 through the hollow hole 43 of the tubular member 41 shown in FIG. 13 and as shown in FIGS. 14A, 14B and 15. . The reciprocating hammer 137, 237 of the drilling tool 17 is generated by the pressure of the compressed air source 19.
Moves toward the front of the drilling tool 17 to move the anvil 133, 2
Hits 33's inside.

In this state, the compressed air flows into the inside of the drilling tool 17 from the connection assisting device 21 and moves the reciprocating hammers 137 and 237 to strike the anvils 133 and 233, thereby causing the reciprocating hammers 137 and 237 to the anvils 133 and 233 to move. The impact force is transmitted to the tip member 20 by the repeated impact, and the drilling tool 17 enters the land without excavating the land. Compressed air at the impact location
The air flows into the tubular cavity 139 through the air passage 44 from the front part 141a of the first part. The effective area of the reciprocating hammer 137 including the large diameter rear part 140 is
Reciprocating hammer 1 because it is larger than the effective area of central cavity 141
37 begins to move in the opposite direction. Bush 14 during this exercise
Since 2 closes the air passage 144, the flow of compressed air into the central cavity 141 is blocked. Reciprocating hammer 37 is annular cavity
The movement continues due to the expansion of the air in 139, and the reciprocating hammer 137 is separated from the anvil 133. Air passage 144 is bush 14
When moved backwards from the second end, the annular cavity 139 is discharged to the atmosphere through the passage 150, the passages 44, 33 and the opening 22 of the stop member 149, and the cycle is then repeated. Inclined surface 14
When 5 is formed on the tip member 20, the drilling tool 17 is deflected from the straight path.

As described above, the pressure exerted by the drill rig R causes the drilling tool 17 to advance in the slot 18 and the drill rig R is moved along the track 14 by a motor 23 or other drive. A pneumatic or hydraulic device can be used to advance the drill rig R as desired. A control handle 16 on the console 24 of the drill rig R causes the drill rig R to advance along the track 14 by providing the drill pipe 15 with forward or drilling thrust to select the formation of a straight or curved slot. Both the movement and the rotary forward movement for rotating the drill pipe 15 to advance the drill rig R are selected and controlled.

As shown in FIG. 2, the drill rig R of the pit P is installed on the ground, and as the drill pipe 15 and the drilling tool 17 advance,
When the drill rig R approaches the ground surface, another drill pipe is added, and the drill rig R is retracted to a position away from the entrance of the slot 18 in which the console 24 of the drill rig R shown in FIGS. Advance the drill pipe 15 toward the hole 18,
Apply forward pressure 15 drill pipe to penetrate the land. This method has an advantage over a drilling tool that supplies compressed air through a flexible tube, and when the drilling tool 17 fails underground, the drilling tool 17 attached to the drill pipe 15 is used.
Can be reliably retracted, so that it is not necessary to dig to determine the position of the broken drilling tool 17.

FIG. 12 shows an apparatus similar to FIG. 11, except that an attachment 55 has been added. Attachment 55 is cylindrical body 55
a and a cylindrical concave portion 55b fitted outside the tubular extension portion 53. Attachment 55 has a sloped surface 56 that forms a sharp tip to enter the land, which is a reaction surface against the land, and as drill pipe 50 advances, tip member 51 is deflected into a curved path.

The drill rig R shown in FIG. 6 is basically the same as FIG. 5, but uses a drill pipe 15 and an expander (taper expander) having a taper 52 shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. The drill rig R shown in FIG. 6 has a console 24 mounted on a track 14, and the console 24 is driven by a motor 23. Motor 23
Can be replaced by other pneumatic or hydraulic motor devices that move and operate the console 24. The motor 23 moves the console 24 on the track 14 and presses the drill pipe 50 into the land to form the slot 18. The drill rig R has a structure in which the drill pipe 50 can be added as the drill pipe 50 advances. In this embodiment, the drill pipe 50 and the tip member 51
Is mechanically pressed into the land and does not use compressed air.

FIG. 15 is a detailed front view of the drilling tool 17 having the eccentric reciprocating hammer 237. The rear part of the reciprocating hammer 237 having the same structure as the concentric reciprocating hammer of FIG. 14B is omitted.

The elongated hollow cylindrical outer housing 17a of the drilling tool 17 shown in FIG. The outer front end of the front portion 225 is inclined to form a conical portion 229. The inside diameter of the front part 225 is inclined inward near the front short side to form a conical surface 230, and a small diameter part 231 extending in the length direction of the drilling tool 17 inward from the front end is formed at the end of the front part 225. . Although not shown, an internal screw into which the tail fin device is screwed is provided at the rear end of the front part 225.

Anvil 23 with conical rear 234 and cylindrical front 235
3 is inserted into the front end of the drilling tool 17. The conical portion 234 of the anvil 233 tightly fits into the conical surface 230 of the drilling tool 17, and the cylindrical portion 235 extends outward from the front end of the drilling tool 17 by a certain distance. The flat surface 236 at the rear end of the anvil 233 receives the impact of the eccentric reciprocating hammer 237.

The eccentric reciprocating hammer 237 is slidably fitted in the inner diameter portion 238 of the drilling tool 17. Most of the outer diameter of the reciprocating hammer 237 is smaller than the diameter of the inner diameter of the drilling tool 17, and an annular cavity 239 is formed therebetween. Tip 24 of reciprocating hammer 237
In 3, the center of gravity of the reciprocating hammer 237 is eccentric with respect to the vertical axis.

The longitudinal slot 270 of the drilling tool 17 formed on the side wall of the reciprocating hammer 237 eccentricizes the center of gravity with respect to the vertical axis, and the entire front portion of the reciprocating hammer 237 receives an impact at the center of the flat surface of the anvil 233. It is formed into a shape. To maintain the proper orientation of the reciprocating hammer 237, a key or pin 226 is secured through the side wall of the tool 17, extends radially inward and fits into the longitudinal slot 270 of the drilling tool 17, and the The weight is maintained on one side of the longitudinal axis of the drilling tool 17.

The reciprocating hammer 237 is moved forward of the drilling tool 17 by the action of compressed air in the hollow cavity 237a formed in the reciprocating hammer 237. At this foremost position, the reciprocating hammer 237 applies an impact force to the anvil 233 and the flat surface 236. At this position, compressed air is introduced into the inner diameter portion 238. Since the effective area of the reciprocating hammer 237 including the large-diameter rearward direction 237b is larger than the area of the central hollow portion 247a, the reciprocating hammer 237 starts moving in the opposite direction. During this movement, the structure in which the bush 142 closes the air passage 144 blocks the flow of compressed air into the annular cavity 239.

The reciprocating hammers 137 and 237 continue to move due to the expansion of the air until the air passage 144 moves forward from the end of the bush 142 and the annular cavities 139 and 239 open to the atmosphere. At positions where the annular cavities 139 and 239 are open to the atmosphere, the annular cavity 13
The air pressure in 9, 239 is released into the atmosphere through the air passage 144, the central cavity 141 and the passage 150, and the above cycle is repeated.

The eccentric reciprocating hammer 237 is achieved by averaging the eccentric force over 360 ° and rotation of the front part by the drill pipe 15.
Is used for linear drilling. When the drill pipe 15 is held so that the housing 17a does not rotate, the drilling tool 17 receives an asymmetric impact force. With either the eccentric reciprocating hammer 237 or the anvil 233, the desired result is obtained under the sole condition that the impact axis does not pass through the forward center of the impact pressure.

Operation The operation of the tool and associated equipment of this embodiment has been described above, and will be described in further detail below.

As mentioned above, the drilling tool 17 drills holes by pressure as the drill rig R moves on the track 14 by the motor 23 and other devices. For example, the advance of the drill rig R is performed by a pneumatic device or a hydraulic device. The control handle 16 on the console 24 of the drill rig selectively rotates and non-rotates the drill pipe 15 by advancing thrust on the drill pipe 15 by advancing the drill rig R along the track 14 and either linear drilling or curved drilling. Control.

The drilling tool 17 shown in FIG. 6 is the first in that the drill rig R presses the drill pipe 15 and the tip member 20 into the ground and does not use a mechanical drilling tool 17 or other drilling equipment to form the hole. Different from the embodiment. The hole is formed by the linear thrust of the attachment 55. The inclined surface 56 of the attachment 55 deflects the tip member in the direction of the arrow in FIGS. 9 and 10. When the drill pipe 50 is not rotated and is simply pressed into the land, the drill pipe 50 is propelled in a curved shape as indicated by an arrow 46. Drill pipe 50 and attachment 55 by drill rig R
Is rotated, the drilling tool 17 is advanced spirally by the rotation of the inclined surface 56, and is propelled substantially linearly as shown by the arrow 48.

The device shown in FIG. 6 has the advantage that it can be operated without the use of a drilling tool 17 which may become stuck underground and require excavation. In this embodiment, the tip member 51 is pressurized by the drill rig R and propelled underground, and the taper of the tip member 51 is used.
The slot 18 is expanded with a conical surface by 52. These are all performed by the power supplied from the drill rig R.

When the drill pipe 15 and the drilling tool 17 are advanced, the drilling tool 17 approaches the ground surface with the drill rig R mounted on the ground or the drill rig R mounted on the edge of the work start pit P when the apparatus shown in FIG. At this time, another drill pipe was added to retract the console 24 away from the entrance of the slot 18, and the console 24 was again advanced to apply forward pressure to the drill pipe 15. This method ensures that the drilling tool 17 on the drill pipe 15 is retracted, and when the drilling tool 17 fails, this positioning drilling is not required, so that compressed air is supplied from the flexible air pipe. It has advantages over the used drilling tools.

It should be noted that the two embodiments of the present invention have been described as the drill rig R operated from the work start pit P. In these embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the tip members 20 and 51 are mounted on the drill pipe 15 and the drill pipe 50 at an appropriate approach angle by simply using a drill rig R to form a curved slot 18.
Can be formed. The slot 18 may be formed at the end of the drill pipe 50 as shown in FIGS. 4, 6, 9 and 10, or may be formed in FIGS. 3, 5, 7, 8 and Thirteenth
In any case where a drilling tool 17 is used, as in the case of the figures, the above-described device has the same operating function on the ground surface when forming a slot 18 for use in public facilities almost horizontally.

 Embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages.

1 Drilling tool 17 is impact surface 136, 236 of anvil 133, 233
Impact force on the drill rig R and drill pipe
By applying a pressing force to 15, a punching force can be generated.

2 The drill rig R can move along the track 14 and provide drilling thrust to the drill pipe 15.

3. Extra drill pipe parts of the drill pipe 15 can be added or removed as the drilling work proceeds in the ground.

4 When the drill pipes 15 and 50 are not rotating,
50 moves in a curved path, and makes the drill pipes 15, 50 move linearly when the drill pipes 15, 50 rotate.

5. A straight or curved path of the drilling tool 17 is controlled by a control handle 16 provided on the drill rig R.

6 If the drilling tool 17 breaks down underground,
Since the drilling tool 17 attached to 15 can be reliably retracted, there is no need to excavate to determine the position of the broken drilling tool 17.

7 The existing drilling tools are compatible with existing drilling tools and can be obtained with minor design changes, and a repeatable and useful maneuvering response can be obtained in the borehole.

8. A long-distance horizontal drilling tool and a maneuvering system that reliably reaches small targets.

9 A drilling tool is provided that forms a guided slot that avoids obstacles and corrects for deviations from the planned drilling path.

10 Drilling work is carried out by ordinary site workers using drilling tools to avoid adverse environmental conditions.

11 The amount of excavation for starting and restoring work with drilling tools is minimal, and obstacles to standing trees, shrubs or environmentally sensitive economic facilities can be reduced.

12 The drilling tool 17 can be operated from the outside with rigidity by the drill rig R and the drill pipes 15 and 50.

13 The drilling tool 17 supported by the drill pipes 15 and 50 can be operated by the drill rig R from the work start pit P or the ground.

14 The drill pipe 15 facilitates the collection of the drilling tool 17 in the event of a failure.

Advantageous Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, a curved slot or a straight slot can be easily formed in soft land by propelling a drilling tool having an inclined surface by continuous impact or by giving a rotation to the drilling tool. The land drilling tool according to the present invention is useful for public facilities and provides users benefits by greatly reducing equipment and maintenance costs of underground facilities by reducing the use of costly open drilling methods. . Long-distance public slots used for gas pipelines, electrical or telecommunications, etc., can create horizontal slots in the ground avoiding obstacles under the ground such as buildings, rivers, lakes and marshes.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view showing an operation of drilling a horizontal slot from a pit accommodating a drill rig, FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view showing an operation of drilling a slot with a drill rig mounted on the ground, and FIG.
The figure is a partial sectional view showing the operation of drilling a horizontal slot using a drilling tool mounted on a hollow drill pipe driven by a drill rig housed in a pit. FIG. 4 is a drill rig housed in a pit. Sectional view showing the operation of drilling a horizontal slot using a drilling tool mounted on a solid or hollow drill pipe driven by a drill, FIG. 5 is a drill rig connected with the drilling tool shown in FIG. Detailed schematic diagram of the
6 is a detailed schematic view of a drill rig connected to the drilling tool shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 7 is a detailed schematic view of FIG. 3 showing a curved movement of the drilling tool, and FIG. 8 is a drilling tool. 4 is a detailed schematic view of FIG. 4 showing the linear motion of the drilling tool, FIG. 9 is a detailed schematic view of FIG. 4 showing the curved motion of the drilling tool, and FIG. Detailed schematic diagram of FIG. 6, FIG.
FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, and FIG.
FIG. 12 shows an eleventh embodiment having an attachment with an inclined surface formed.
13 is a cross-sectional view of a connecting auxiliary device for connecting a drilling tool to a hollow drill pipe and discharging air from the drilling tool, and FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view of a front portion of the drilling tool. FIG. 14B is a sectional view of the rear part of the drilling tool, and FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the front part of the drilling tool having the eccentric reciprocating hammer. 10, R ... drill rig, 11, 12 ... drill wire, 14 ... track, 15, 50 ... drill pipe, 16 ... direction control device, 17
…… Drilling tool, 17a …… Housing, 18 …… Slot, 2
0, 51 ... tip member, 21 ... connection assisting device, 22 ... opening, 23 ... motor, 45, 56, 145 ... inclined surface, 137, 237
…… Reciprocating hammer, 133, 233 …… Anvil,

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Michael Earl Watson 77091 United States Texas, Desoto, number 2303, 5500 (72) Inventor William Sea Haven 77080 United States 77080 Texas, Warwana 9840 ( 56) References JP-A-61-274080 (JP, A)

Claims (23)

(57) [Claims] A hollow and elongated rigid support drill pipe (15, 50) having a front end to enter the land, and a drilling tool (17) supported on the front end of the drill pipe (15, 50). The drilling tool (17) has a cylindrical housing (17a) supported at the front end of the drill pipe (15, 50) and receiving air pressure from the drill pipe (15, 50);
The impact surface (136, 236) inside the housing (17a) attached to the front end of the housing (17a) and the inclined surface (45, 56, 145) formed outside the housing (17a) to apply a piercing force to the land. (20, a tip member having an anvil (133, 233)
51) and reciprocating hammer (137, 237) by introducing air pressure into the housing (17a) through the drill pipe (15, 50)
Actuating the driving devices (41, 13) to apply an impact force to the impact surfaces (136, 236) and transmit the impact force to the tip members (20, 51).
9, 140, 142) and a discharge device (22, 33, 44) for discharging air pressure from the housing (17a) through the opening (22). , 50) and the drill pipes (15, 50) are moved in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool (17) to enter the soil, and the drill pipes (15, 50) are added during the operation of entering the land. Alternatively, a detachable drill rig (R, 14, 23) and air pressure supplied through a drill pipe (15, 50) are introduced into the housing (17a), and a reciprocating hammer ( 137, 237) to apply impact force to the impact surface (136, 236) of the anvil (133, 233)
A connection assist device (21) for discharging air pressure from the housing (17a); and a control device provided on the drill rig (R, 14, 23) for controlling the movement of the drill pipe (15, 50) along a straight path or a curved path. A directional control device (16), the drilling tool (17) moves in a curved path when the drill pipe (15, 50) is not rotating by the directional control device (16), and when the drill pipe (15, 50) rotates, The drilling tool (17) moves in a straight path, and drill pipes (15, 5) by drill rigs (R, 14, 23)
0) Entering the land and forming a slot (18) by the drilling force in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool (17) and the operation of the drilling tool (17) by the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating hammers (137, 237). Land drilling tool. 2. An elongated rigid support drill pipe (15, 5).
0) and support the drill pipe (15, 50), move the drill pipe (15, 50) into the ground in the length direction of the drilling tool (17), and rotate the drill pipe (15, 50). Drill rigs (R, 14, 23) for removably supporting drill pipes (15, 50) when forming slots (18) in land
A direction control device (16) for controlling the movement direction of the drill pipe (15, 50) along a straight path or a curved path; and a diameter larger than the drill pipe (15, 50), and the drill pipe (15, 50). An expander (52) having a base portion (54) supported thereon and having a taper (52) in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool (17) for a tubular extension (53) extending a short distance. It has a tip member (20, 51), and the tip member (20) enters the land by the movement of the drill pipe (17) in the length direction of the drill pipe (17) accompanying the movement of the drill pipe (15, 50). Drill rigs (R, 14,23) which move and rotate drill pipes (15,50) in soft terrain, and move drill pipes (15,50), make drill pipes (15 , 50) can be added or removed, drill pipes (15, The drilling tool (17) moves in a curved path when the rotation of the drill pipe (15, 50) is not rotating, and the drilling tool (17) moves in a straight path when the drill pipe (15, 50) rotates. Pipes (15, 5
0) Entering the land and forming a slot (18) by the drilling force in the length direction of the drilling tool (17) and the operation of the drilling tool (17) by the reciprocating motion of the reciprocating hammers (137, 237). Land drilling tool. 3. The directional control device (16) includes a drilling tool (17).
3. A land drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein the rotation of the drill pipe (15, 50) and the drilling tool (17) are controlled in a straight path or a curved path. 4. A directional control device (16) for moving a drill pipe (15, 50) in a straight path or a curved path, a forward extension supported on a cylindrical extension (53) and entering the land in a forward movement. 3. A smooth cylindrical body (55) having a slope (45, 56) as a surface and further having a movement path controlled by a reaction against the land where the drilling tool (17) enters. Land drilling tool. 5. A drill rig (R, 14, 23) for rotating a drill pipe (15, 50) for rotating an inclined surface (45, 56) in the ground by rotating a drill pipe (15, 50). The land drilling tool according to claim 4, wherein the drill pipe (15, 50) is moved in the length direction of the drilling tool (17) to enter the land as a linear path motion. 6. A drilling tool (17) is operated from inside a pit (P) or a slot (18) in the land, and drives a drill pipe (15, 50) in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool (17). 7. The land drilling tool according to claim 6, wherein the tool is driven by a ground support drill rig. 7. A drill rig (R, 14, 23) for operating a drill pipe (15, 50) on a track (14) extending in the longitudinal direction of a drilling tool (17) in a land pit (P). 3. A land drilling tool according to claim 2, comprising a motor (23) supported and movable along a track (14). 8. A hollow and elongated rigid support drill pipe (15, 50) having a front end to enter the land, and a drilling tool (17) supported on the front end of the drill pipe (15, 50). The drilling tool (17) has a cylindrical housing (17a) supported at the front end of the drill pipe (15, 50) and receiving air pressure from the drill pipe (15, 50);
The impact surface (136, 236) inside the housing (17a) attached to the front end of the housing (17a) and the inclined surface (45, 56, 145) formed outside the housing (17a) to apply a piercing force to the land. (20, a tip member having an anvil (133, 233)
51) and reciprocating hammer (137, 237) by introducing air pressure into the housing (17a) through the drill pipe (15, 50)
Actuating the driving devices (41, 13) to apply an impact force to the impact surfaces (136, 236) and transmit the impact force to the tip members (20, 51).
9, 140, 142), including a hollow elongated rigid support drill pipe (15, 50) having a front end to enter the land, and extending in the longitudinal direction of the drilling tool (17). The drill rig (R, 14, 23) for moving the drill pipe (15, 50) to enter, and the drill pipe (15, 50) and the drill tool (17) by selectively rotating the drilling tool (17) Direction control device (16) for controlling the direction of movement along straight or curved paths, and air pressure supplied through drill pipes (15, 50) is introduced into housing (17a) and placed in housing (17a) Operate the reciprocating hammers (137, 237) and apply impact force to the impact surfaces (136, 236) of the anvil (133, 233).
A connection auxiliary device (21) for discharging air pressure from the housing (17a), wherein the housing (17a) has an impact surface (136, 236) inside the housing (17a) and a perforated surface outside the housing (17a). (133, 233) having an anvil (133, 2)
33) Includes a reciprocating hammer (137, 237) that applies an impact force to the impact surface (136, 236). The anvil (133, 233) and the reciprocating hammer (137, 237) pierce the asymmetric drilling force (17). In addition, the non-rotating drilling tool (17) forms a curved path in the ground, the rotating drilling tool (17) forms a straight path in the ground, and the drilling tool (17) includes a drilling tool (17). 17) A land drilling tool which is operated by a longitudinal movement caused by a movement of a drill pipe (15, 50) in a longitudinal direction and an operation caused by a reciprocating movement of a reciprocating hammer (137, 237). 9. A drill rig (R, 14, 23) for rotating a drill pipe (15, 50) and entering the land comprises rotating a drill pipe (15, 50) and a housing (17a) to rotate the drill pipe (15, 50). When rotating the drill pipe (15, 50)
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the linear motion of the drill pipe (15, 50) is performed and the curvilinear motion of the drill pipe (15, 50) is generated underground when the drill pipe (15, 50) is not rotating. Land drilling tools described in the section. 10. A connecting auxiliary device (21) for connecting the housing (17a) to the hollow drill pipe (15, 50) introduces air into the housing (17a) and removes air from the drill pipe (15, 50) to the housing (17a). Compressed air is introduced into the reciprocating hammer (1
The air used to operate 37, 237) is connected to the auxiliary device (2
1) Through the housing (17a) through the connection aid (21)
10. A land drilling tool according to claim 9, wherein the tool is discharged through an opening (22) formed in the hole. 11. The housing (17a) has a tapered conical surface (130), and a tip member (20) connected to the conical surface (130) and applying a piercing force to the land is provided inside the housing (17a). And an anvil (133, 233) having an impact surface (136, 236) and a conical portion (129) outside the housing (17a), wherein the anvil (133, 233) and the tip member (20) are connected to the housing (17a). ) Is fixed at a fixed non-rotating position, and the underground motion of the drilling tool (17) is
The reciprocating hammer (137, 237), which is deflected from the straight path by the reaction of 5) and applies an impact force to the impact surface (136, 236) of the anvil (133, 233), cooperates to transmit the impact force and asymmetric drilling force 11. The land drilling tool according to claim 10, wherein: 12. A connecting auxiliary device (21) for introducing air into the housing (17a) connects the housing (17a) to the hollow drill pipe (15, 50) and removes compressed air from the drill pipe (15, 50). Introduce to the housing (17a)
12. The land drilling tool according to claim 11, comprising a plurality of openings (22) for discharging air used for operating the reciprocating hammer (137, 237) from the housing (17a). 13. A connection assisting device (21) comprising a large-diameter main body (27), a small-diameter and threaded extension (28) connected to a housing (17a) and a hollow trill pipe, respectively.
29) having a first hollow tubular member (27), the tubular member body (27) being adjacent to a connection point with the drill pipe (15, 50) at least one exhaust opening ( twenty two)
A tubular extension (29) connected to the drill pipe (15, 50)
A second tubular member (41) which is arranged inside and extends into a cylindrical support member (31) and introduces compressed air to operate a reciprocating hammer (137, 237); Supports the second tubular member (41) inside the first hollow tubular member (27) to form an air passage (33);
13. The land drilling tool according to claim 12, wherein the exhaust gas flows into the exhaust opening (22) through the air passage (33). 14. A connection assisting device (21) supported on the second tubular member (41) to allow exhaust air to flow out of the housing (17a) and to prevent air from flowing into the housing (17a) from a borehole. 14. The land drilling tool according to claim 13, wherein: 15. The connecting auxiliary device (21) comprises a large body (27), a housing (17a) and a hollow drill pipe (1).
And a first hollow tubular member (27) having a small diameter threaded extension (28, 29) respectively coupled to the tubular member body (27), wherein the tubular member body (27) comprises a drill pipe (15, 50). Having at least one exhaust opening (22) adjacent to the point of connection with the tubular extension (29) connected to the hollow drill pipe (15, 50); ), A second tubular member (41) for operating the reciprocating hammer (137, 237) by introducing compressed air and having a through passage (43) extending in the length direction of the drilling tool (17). And a second tubular member (41) inside the first tubular member (27)
And an annular bush (142) is formed to form a passage for flowing exhaust gas to the opening (22). The bush (142) is supported on the second tubular member (41) to allow exhaust gas to flow from the housing (17a). And drilling holes from the housing (17
14. The land drilling tool according to claim 13, further comprising an annular check valve (36) for preventing flow in a). 16. A frusto-conical shape having a base portion (54) with respect to a tubular extension (53) which is larger in diameter than the drill pipe (15, 50) and is supported thereon and extends a short distance forward. The process of preparing an elongated rigid support drill pipe (15, 50) to which the tip member (51) with the taper (52) is attached; the process of drilling a pit (P) in the land; Press-fitting the tip member (51) from the pit (P) into the ground by means of the drill rigs (R, 14, 23); and a drill rig (R, 14, 23) for supporting the ground surface adjacent to the pit (P) Providing the drill pipe (15, 50) with the tip member (51) in the ground in the longitudinal direction of the tip member (51); and moving the tip member (20, 51) to form a slot. By controlling the movement direction of the drill pipe (15, 50) from outside (18), the drill Direction control device on rig (R, 14, 23) (16)
Selectively forming a linear slot (18) or a curved slot (18) by forming a linear slot (18) when the drill pipe (15, 50) rotates; Drill pipe (15,
50) forming a curved slot (18) when not rotated. 17. The step of controlling the direction of movement of the drill pipe (15, 50) includes moving the drill pipe (15, 50) in a curved path on the land when the drill pipe (15, 50) is not rotating. The process of rotating the drill pipes (15, 50) in a straight path on the land and selectively rotating the drill pipes (15, 50) to selectively control the movement of the drill pipes (15, 50) into a straight path and a curved path. 18. The land drilling method according to claim 17, comprising: 18. The process of controlling the direction of movement of the drill pipe (15, 50) comprises a smooth attachment (55) supported on a cylindrical extension (53) and having an inclined surface (52) as a forward extension. Drill pipe (15, 50)
Moving the drill in a straight or curved path, and rotating the drill pipes (15, 50) and rotating the inclined surface (56), when the attachment (55) enters the land lengthwise, 18. The land drilling method according to claim 17, comprising a step of entering the attachment (55) into the land as a linear motion. 19. A drilling tool (17) is press-fitted from the ground surface,
After moving the drilling tool (17) in a curved path below the intervening obstacle (0), the drilling tool (1) is moved beyond the obstacle (0).
19. The land drilling method according to claim 18, comprising the step of: (7) returning to the ground surface. 20. A hollow and elongated rigid support drill pipe (15, 50) connected to a tip member (20, 51) including a cylindrical housing (17a), provided inside the housing (17a). Impact surface (136, 236) and housing (17a)
Anvil (133, 233) having an inclined surface (45, 56, 145) provided on the outside of the reciprocating hammer (137, 137) by introducing air pressure to the housing (17a) through a drill pipe (15, 50). 237) to prepare a driving device (41, 139, 140, 142) for applying an impact force to the impact surface (136, 236) and transmitting the impact force to the tip member (20, 51). The drill pipe (15, 50) is moved in the length direction of the drilling tool (17), and compressed air is supplied to the reciprocating hammer (137, 237).
To reciprocate the hammer (137, 237) into the land, and selectively rotate the drill pipe (15, 50) to enter the land, drill pipe (15, 50) and housing (17a) When the drill pipe (15, 50) is rotating, the drill pipe (15, 50) is moved linearly. When the drill pipe (15, 50) is not rotating, the drill pipe (15, 50) is rotated. , 50)
Moving the pit in a curved path, excavating a pit (P) in the ground, providing a drill rig (R, 14, 23) for supporting the ground surface adjacent to the pit (P), and drill rig. (R, 14, 23) by drill pipe (15,
And 50) applying a piercing force to the drilling tool (17) through the pit (P) into the ground through the pier (50), and the anvil (133, 233) and the reciprocating hammer (137, 237) provide an asymmetrical piercing force. In addition, when the drilling tool (17) is moved on the ground together with the housing (17a) in a non-rotating state, the drilling tool (17) has a shape deflected to a curved path, and the drill pipe (15, 5)
A land drilling method characterized in that air pressure is introduced into the housing (17a) via the 0) to operate the reciprocating hammers (137, 237). 21. The drill pipe (15, 50) is rotated to generate an asymmetric drilling force, and the drilling tool (17) is linearly moved as the drilling tool (17) is moved in the longitudinal direction of the land. 21. The land drilling method according to claim 20, wherein the land intrudes into the land through a passage. 22. The cylindrical housing (17a) has a tapered front end (130), and a tip member (20, 51) attached to the front end of the housing (17a) is provided with an impact surface (20) inside the housing (17a). 136, 236) and an anvil (133, 233) formed on the outside of the housing (17a) and having an inclined surface (45, 56, 145) for applying a piercing force to the land, and the cylindrical tip member (20) The anvil (133, 233) and the tip member (20) are fixed at a fixed non-rotating position in the housing (17a) and have an acute angle and a side surface extending from the tip to the length direction of the drilling tool (17). In the land drilling method using a drilling tool (17) which is deflected from a straight path by the reaction of a sharp inclined surface (45, 56, 145) against the land, the movement of the drilling tool (17) 50) Apply air pressure to operate the reciprocating hammer (137, 237), Applying an impact force to the shooting surface (136, 236) and transmitting an impact force to the side surface to apply an asymmetric drilling force, and rotating the drill pipe (15, 50) to generate an asymmetric drilling force, 21. The method according to claim 21, further comprising the step of: when the drilling tool (17) is moved in the longitudinal direction in the ground, moving the drilling tool (17) into the ground in a straight path.
Land drilling method described in section. 23. A drilling tool (17) is pressed into the ground from the ground surface, the drilling tool (17) is moved in a curved path below the intervening obstacle (0), and the ground is moved beyond the obstacle (0). 21. A method according to claim 20, wherein the drilling tool (17) is returned to the surface.