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JP2582129B2 - Sea urchin cultivation method - Google Patents

Sea urchin cultivation method

Info

Publication number
JP2582129B2
JP2582129B2 JP63188024A JP18802488A JP2582129B2 JP 2582129 B2 JP2582129 B2 JP 2582129B2 JP 63188024 A JP63188024 A JP 63188024A JP 18802488 A JP18802488 A JP 18802488A JP 2582129 B2 JP2582129 B2 JP 2582129B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
feed
sea urchins
sea
water
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP63188024A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0239861A (en
Inventor
勉 佐藤
寛 中山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nihon Nosan Kogyo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nihon Nosan Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nihon Nosan Kogyo Co Ltd filed Critical Nihon Nosan Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority to JP63188024A priority Critical patent/JP2582129B2/en
Publication of JPH0239861A publication Critical patent/JPH0239861A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2582129B2 publication Critical patent/JP2582129B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明はウニ類の種苗生産及び養殖を対象とした人工
配合飼料によるウニ類の養殖方法である。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating sea urchins using artificial compound feed for production and cultivation of sea urchin seeds and seedlings.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

最近、栽培漁業の進展に伴いウニ類の種苗生産が各地
で行われている。その種苗生産方法は地域により異なる
が、秋に採苗し付着珪藻等を給餌して殻長を5mm程度
(重量で0.006g程度)とし、その後コンブ、アナアオ
サ、ヒジキ等の海藻を給餌し殻長を15mm程度(重量で1.
0g程度)にして海に放流するのが一般的である。
Recently, sea urchin seeds and seedlings have been produced in various places along with the progress of cultivation and fishery. The method of producing seedlings varies depending on the area, but it is harvested in the fall and fed with attached diatoms to make the shell length about 5 mm (about 0.006 g in weight), and then fed with seaweed such as kelp, anaosa, hijiki and so on. About 15mm (1.
(About 0 g) and release into the sea.

しかしながら、アワビ、ウニ類等養殖の増大に伴い,
飼料海藻の不足が著しくなる一方、生の海藻は保管面で
難点があり,これらウニ類の人工配合飼料の開発が望ま
れるようになった。
However, with the increase in aquaculture such as abalone and sea urchins,
While there is a significant shortage of feed seaweed, raw seaweed has difficulties in storage, and the development of artificially formulated feeds of these sea urchins has been desired.

ウニ類の摂餌行動としては、殻長が3mm程度以上とな
ると水中の岩面に付着している微少動物,海藻等を非常
にゆっくりと時間をかけて摂餌を行うこと、水中での移
動は棘による運動のため一般の魚類、甲殻類のように水
中を浮遊した餌を泳いで積極的に摂餌することは不可能
であることがなどが知られ、また、その食性としては貪
欲で海藻に限らず魚類の死体、陸上植物であるイタドリ
等の雑草をも食べる雑食性であることが知られている。
As for the feeding behavior of sea urchins, when the shell length is about 3 mm or more, it takes very slowly to feed micro-animals and seaweed attached to the underwater rock surface, and it moves in the water. It is known that it is impossible to swim and actively eat bait floating in water like ordinary fish and crustaceans because of the movement by spines. It is known that it is omnivorous and eats not only seaweed but also carcasses of fish and weeds such as land plants, knotweed.

これら摂餌行動、食性等から各種原料を加工した厚さ
5mm以下の扁平板状となした水産有棘類動物用飼料(特
公昭57−43220号)が開発され、海藻類より良好な飼育
結果を得ていることが知られているが、今一歩物性的な
面で満足するところまで到っていないのが現状である。
The thickness of processed various raw materials based on these feeding behavior, food habits, etc.
A flat plate of fish less than 5 mm in size for fish prawns (JP-B No. 57-43220) has been developed and is known to have better breeding results than seaweeds. At present, it has not reached a point where it is satisfactory in terms of economics.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problems to be solved by the invention]

ウニ類の人工配合飼料として望まれる条件としては、 (1)ウニ類が這いずりながら索餌し、ゆっくり時間を
かけて摂餌を行うことが出来るような形状であること。
The conditions desired as an artificial mixed feed for sea urchins are as follows: (1) Sea urchins must be in a shape that allows them to search for food while crawling and feed slowly.

(2)水中での保形性が良いこと。(2) Good shape retention in water.

(3)水に沈む必要があること。(3) It must be submerged in water.

(4)水質汚染のないこと。(4) No water pollution.

(5)飼料は慣用原料を使用でき保存性があること。(5) The feed must be able to use conventional ingredients and be preserved.

などが知られていた。 Etc. were known.

本発明者らは、更にウニ類の人工配合飼料に対する摂
餌行動を観察した結果、 (6)ウニ類は口中に入れて噛み砕くようにして食むの
で、口中に入れて噛み砕き易いような形状であること。
The present inventors have further observed the feeding behavior of sea urchins on artificial compound feeds. (6) Sea urchins are eaten in the mouth as they are chewed, so that they have a shape that is easy to chew in the mouth. thing.

(7)ウニ類が人工配合飼料を摂餌する際は管足で飼料
を捕捉するようにして食むので、捕捉し易い形状である
こと。
(7) When the sea urchins feed the artificial compound feed, the feed is captured by the tube feet so that they are easily captured.

などの条件を満たす必要があることを知見した。 It was found that it was necessary to satisfy such conditions.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving the problem]

本発明者らは上記問題点を解決するため種々研究した
結果、ウニ類の飼料に適した各種原料混合物をペレット
状固形飼料となし、該飼料を給餌することにより養殖す
ればウニ類の種苗生産が容易にしかも飼育成績が極めて
優れたものとなることを見出し本発明を完成した。
The inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, various raw material mixtures suitable for sea urchin feed were converted into pelleted solid feed, and if the feed was fed and cultured, seedling production of sea urchins would be achieved. And found that the breeding results were extremely excellent and completed the present invention.

すなわち、本発明はウニ類の飼料に適した各種原料混
合物を長さが径の1.5倍以上であるペレット状固形飼料
となし、該飼料を給餌することを特徴とするウニ類の養
殖方法であって、その目的とするところはウニ類の摂餌
行動に適した形状で,しかも水中での保形性がよく、か
つ水質汚染のないウニ類の人工配合飼料をウニ類に給餌
することにより、省力的でしかも養殖した場合にウニ類
の成長速度が優れ、飼料効率もよいウニ類の養殖方法を
提供することにある。
That is, the present invention provides a method for cultivating sea urchins, which comprises forming various raw material mixtures suitable for sea urchin feed into pelleted solid feed having a length of 1.5 times or more in diameter and feeding the feed. The aim is to feed sea urchins with artificially formulated sea urchins that have a shape suitable for feeding behavior of sea urchins, have good shape retention in water, and are free from water pollution. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cultivating sea urchins that is labor-saving and has an excellent growth rate of sea urchins when cultured and has a high feed efficiency.

以下本発明について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

本発明で使用されるウニ類の飼料に適した各種原料混
合物としては魚粉、ラクトカゼイン、ミートミール等の
動物蛋白源:コーングルテン、小麦グルテン、脱脂大
豆、酵母、海藻粉末等の植物蛋白源:小麦、大麦、とう
もろこし、マイロ、脱脂米糠等の炭水化物源:魚油、植
物油、動物油等の油脂源:保形性を良くするためのアル
ファー化澱粉、小麦粉、その他粘結剤:栄養補給として
のビタミン類、ミネラル類:摂餌性を助長させるための
フレーバー類、嗜好性物質:防腐剤:その他の原料等か
ら対象ウニ類の種類あるいはその成長度合に応じて適宜
選択して用いることが出来る。
Various raw material mixtures suitable for sea urchin feed used in the present invention include animal protein sources such as fish meal, laccasein, and meat meal: plant protein sources such as corn gluten, wheat gluten, defatted soybean, yeast, and seaweed powder: Carbohydrate sources such as wheat, barley, corn, mylo, defatted rice bran, etc .: Oil sources such as fish oil, vegetable oil, animal oil: pregelatinized starch, flour, and other binders for improving shape retention: vitamins as nutritional supplements , Minerals: flavors for promoting feeding, palatable substances: preservatives: other raw materials and the like, which can be appropriately selected and used according to the type of the target sea urchin or its growth degree.

本発明において使用するウニ類用飼料の製造方法は次
のようにして行う。まず、上記原料を混合後、アジテー
ターないしはコンディショナーにて水および(又は)蒸
気を用いて原料水分が18〜33%程度となるよう調製す
る。次いでペレットミル、エクストルーダー等の押出造
粒機に投入しダイの孔径より押出し、固定刃ないしは回
転刃でペレットの長さの所望の長さとした後乾燥工程で
乾燥する。
The method for producing the sea urchin feed used in the present invention is performed as follows. First, after mixing the above raw materials, an agitator or a conditioner is used to adjust the water content of the raw materials to about 18 to 33% using water and / or steam. Next, the mixture is put into an extrusion granulator such as a pellet mill or an extruder, extruded from the hole diameter of a die, and the pellet length is adjusted to a desired length with a fixed blade or a rotary blade, and then dried in a drying step.

水および(又は)蒸気の添加量は少なすぎると水中で
の保形性が悪いものとなり、また多すぎると乾燥効率等
が悪くなるので、原料水分が18〜33%程度となるよう調
製するのが望ましい。
If the amount of water and / or steam is too small, the shape retention in water will be poor, and if it is too large, the drying efficiency will be poor. Therefore, the water content of the raw material should be adjusted to about 18 to 33%. Is desirable.

ペレットの径はウニ類の摂餌性および上記原料の押出
造粒条件等から2〜5mmとするのが望ましく、またペレ
ットの長さは径の1.5倍以上、望ましくは1.5〜2.5倍程
度の長さとする。この際、ペレットサイズが径に対して
1.5倍未満の長さにすると、短かすぎてウニ類を養殖し
た場合満足な飼育成績をえることが出来ないものであ
る。殻長が5〜15mm程度のウニ類の養殖に際しては径が
3mm前後で長さを6mm程度とするのが最もウニ類が摂餌し
易いペレット形状である。
The diameter of the pellet is desirably 2 to 5 mm from the feedability of sea urchins and the conditions for extruding and granulating the raw material, and the length of the pellet is 1.5 times or more, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter. And At this time, the pellet size is
If the length is less than 1.5 times, it is too short to obtain satisfactory breeding results when sea urchins are cultured. When culturing sea urchins with a shell length of about 5 to 15 mm, the diameter is
A pellet of about 3 mm in length and about 6 mm in length is the easiest for sea urchins to feed.

乾燥方法としは通常の通風乾燥等を用い例えば80〜14
0℃程度の加熱により乾燥すればよいが、必要に応じて
保形性等を良好にするため二次乾燥してもよい。乾燥し
たペレットは更にクーラー等を用いて冷やすのが望まし
い。
As a drying method, for example, 80 to 14 using ordinary ventilation drying
Drying may be performed by heating at about 0 ° C., but secondary drying may be performed as necessary to improve shape retention and the like. It is desirable that the dried pellets are further cooled using a cooler or the like.

次に、このようにして製造したペレット状固形飼料を
ウニ類に給餌してウニ類を養殖する。
Next, the pelleted solid feed produced in this manner is fed to sea urchins to culture the sea urchins.

これらペレット状固形飼料のウニ類に対する給餌およ
び養殖方法としては例えばカゴ飼育の場合はカゴの底部
に穴の空いた底板を設置し,その上に給餌してやればウ
ニ類は穴から出て来て摂餌するし、また水槽内に波板を
縦列にしてウニ類を飼育する場合には、上部に穴を開け
た波板を載せてその上に該ペレット状固形飼料を給餌し
養殖する方法などを採ることができる。
As a method of feeding and culturing sea urchins with these pellet-shaped solid feeds, for example, in the case of cage rearing, a perforated bottom plate is installed at the bottom of the basket, and if fed on it, the sea urchins come out of the holes and are taken in. When feeding sea urchins with corrugated plates tandem in a water tank, a method of feeding and cultivating the pelleted solid feed on a corrugated plate with a hole at the top and placing it on it is used. Can be taken.

本発明におけるウニ類の養殖方法においては、バフン
ウニ、エゾバフンウニ、ムラサキウニ、キタムラサキウ
ニ等のウニ類に適用できるものであり、該ペレット状固
形飼料の給餌量はウニ類の種類、水温等により若干異な
るがウニ類の総重量に対し8〜10%程度を給餌するのが
望ましい。
The method of culturing sea urchins in the present invention is applicable to sea urchins such as sea urchins, sea urchins, sea urchins, purple sea urchins, and sea urchins. It is desirable to feed about 8 to 10% of the total weight of sea urchins.

また、本発明におけるウニ類の養殖方法は、ウニ類の
種苗生産において特に効果が大きいものであるが、ウニ
類の中間育成等にも適用できるものである。
The method for cultivating sea urchins in the present invention is particularly effective in the production of sea urchin seeds and seedlings, but is also applicable to intermediate cultivation of sea urchins.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

次に実施例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明する
が、本発明はこれらの実施例に制限されるものではな
い。
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

実施例1 第1表に示す配合割合の原料を混合機にて充分混合
後、コンディショナーにて加水し水分が22%となるよう
に調製した。次いで3.2m/mのダイを有するペレットマシ
ンに投入してペレットを成型し、かつ長さを4.8〜5mm程
度(径の約1.5倍)に切断し、次いで通風乾燥機により
乾燥してペレット状固形飼料Aを得た。
Example 1 Raw materials having the mixing ratios shown in Table 1 were sufficiently mixed in a mixer, and then water was added in a conditioner to adjust the water content to 22%. Next, the mixture is charged into a pellet machine having a 3.2 m / m die to form pellets, cut into a length of about 4.8 to 5 mm (about 1.5 times the diameter), and then dried with a ventilation dryer to form a pellet-like solid. Feed A was obtained.

また、同様にして長さを6.2〜6.5mm程度(径の約2
倍)に切断して乾燥ペレット状固形飼料Bを、長さが4.
2〜4.3mm程度(径の約1.3倍)に切断、乾燥して得た比
較のためのペレット状固形飼料Cを得た。
Similarly, the length is about 6.2 to 6.5 mm (about 2 mm in diameter).
Times) and dry pelleted solid feed B having a length of 4.
A pelleted solid feed C for comparison, which was cut to about 2 to 4.3 mm (about 1.3 times the diameter) and dried, was obtained.

次に対照飼料として、第1表に示す配合割合の原料を
混合機にて充分混合後、コンディショナーにて加水し水
分が30%となるように調製したものを3.2m/mのダイ孔を
有するエクストルーダーに投入し、加熱加圧下に押出
し、次いで径と同じ程度の長さに切断後圧扁ロールにて
扁平板状となし乾燥して対照の扁平板状飼料Dを得た。
Next, as a control feed, a raw material having a mixing ratio shown in Table 1 was sufficiently mixed with a mixer, and then water was added with a conditioner so as to have a water content of 30%. The feed had a 3.2 m / m die hole. The mixture was extruded into an extruder, extruded under heat and pressure, cut into a length approximately the same as the diameter, flattened with a flattening roll, and dried to obtain a flat flat feed D as a control.

上記のようにして得たペレット状固形飼料A、B2種の
飼料を平均殻長5.25mm、平均体重65mgのキタムラサキウ
ニに給餌し、飼育試験に行った。また、対照として生海
藻のアナアオサを給餌する海藻区および上記扁平板状飼
料Dを給餌する対照区を設け、また比較として上記の長
さの短いペレット状固形飼料Cを給餌する比較区を設け
同様に飼育試験を行った。
The pelleted solid feeds A and B thus obtained were fed to Kitamurasaki sea urchins having an average shell length of 5.25 mm and an average body weight of 65 mg, and were subjected to a breeding test. In addition, a seaweed section feeding the raw seaweed Anaoasa and a control section feeding the flat plate feed D were provided as controls, and a comparison section feeding the short pelleted solid feed C having the short length was provided as a comparison. Breeding test.

供試個数は各区1,000個で飼育日数は60日。飼育方法
は水槽に3mm目合のトリカルネット製の飼育篭(60×60
×40cm)を各区懸垂し、穴を開けたシェルター(波板)
を篭の底部に敷設し、その上に上記飼料を給餌して飼育
した。また、飼育に際しては水温17〜19℃でエアレーシ
ョンを行い飼育した。
The number of test specimens is 1,000 per ward and the breeding days are 60 days. The breeding method is a breeding basket (60 × 60) made of a tri-net with a 3mm mesh in the water tank.
× 40cm) suspended from each section, and shelters (corrugated sheets) with holes
Was laid at the bottom of the basket, and the above-mentioned feed was fed thereon and bred. In addition, when bred, aeration was performed at a water temperature of 17 to 19 ° C., and the breeding was performed.

その結果は第2表の通りであって、長さが径の1.5倍
以上であるペレット状固形飼料を給餌し養殖する本発明
の養殖方法によると飼料効率、成長量倍率等全ての成績
が対照区のアナアオサを給餌した区および扁平板状飼料
を給餌した区に比して優れていた。また、本発明の方法
によると水質汚染もなく、ウニ類の摂餌状況も良好であ
った。
The results are shown in Table 2. According to the aquaculture method of the present invention in which the pelleted solid feed having a length of 1.5 times or more in diameter and fed was cultured, all the results such as feed efficiency and growth rate were controlled. The plots were superior to the plots fed Anaanasa and the plot fed flat plate feed. In addition, according to the method of the present invention, there was no water pollution and the eating condition of sea urchins was good.

〔発明の効果〕 本発明のウニ類の養殖方法によれば、飼料がウニ類の
摂餌行動に適した形状で,しかも水中での保形性がよ
く、かつ水質汚染のないものとなっているので、ウニ類
の成長速度が優れ、飼料効率の良い養殖ができ、しかも
飼料の取り扱いが容易で保存も利き、養殖作業も省力化
できるなどの効果がある。
[Effects of the Invention] According to the method for culturing sea urchins of the present invention, the feed has a shape suitable for the feeding behavior of sea urchins, has good shape retention in water, and has no water pollution. As a result, the sea urchins have an excellent growth rate and can be cultivated with high feed efficiency. In addition, the feed can be easily handled and stored, and the cultivation work can be saved.

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】ウニ類の飼料に適した各種原料混合物を長
さが径の1.5倍以上であるペレット状固形飼料となし、
該飼料を給餌することを特徴とするウニ類の養殖方法。
Claims 1. A raw material mixture suitable for sea urchin feed is formed into a pelleted solid feed having a length of 1.5 times or more in diameter,
A method for culturing sea urchins, comprising feeding the feed.
JP63188024A 1988-07-29 1988-07-29 Sea urchin cultivation method Expired - Fee Related JP2582129B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63188024A JP2582129B2 (en) 1988-07-29 1988-07-29 Sea urchin cultivation method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63188024A JP2582129B2 (en) 1988-07-29 1988-07-29 Sea urchin cultivation method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0239861A JPH0239861A (en) 1990-02-08
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US20060030855A1 (en) 2004-03-08 2006-02-09 Haines Timothy G Methods and apparatus for improved profile based resection
CN103947886A (en) * 2014-05-05 2014-07-30 温州大学 Formula and preparation method of large yellow croaker lactobacillus plantarum feed
CN117530379A (en) * 2023-11-17 2024-02-09 浙江海洋大学 Traditional Chinese medicine additive feed for promoting ripening of adult southern purple sea urchin and its preparation method

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