JP2578325B2 - Packaging materials for growing mushrooms - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a packaging material for growing mushrooms, comprising a porous organic film having a large number of fine through holes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, filters have been used in various industrial fields. For example, organic chemicals,
Filters are used for removing impurities in fluids such as water and oil, removing impurities in gases, introducing fine gases into fluids, gas sensors, wastewater treatment, removing moisture from sludge, and the like.

[0003] As the filter, a separation membrane having a honeycomb structure is conventionally known. However,
Such a filter has a problem in that the manufacturing process is extremely complicated, and thus the filter is expensive.

Conventionally, a general-purpose olefin resin (eg, polyethylene) is filled with a large amount of fine inorganic powder (usually 50% by volume or more with respect to the resin), then formed into a film, and further formed into a uniaxial or biaxial direction. It is conceivable to use a porous polyethylene film having fine holes which are formed in a labyrinth by forming a destruction hole at the boundary surface with the inorganic powder by stretching at a magnification to open as a filter. However, the porous film produced by such a method has a problem in that the inherent properties (eg, strength, softness, transparency, etc.) of the resin constituting the film are significantly reduced because a large amount of inorganic powder is added.

Further, a method is known in which an olefin resin film is perforated by a mechanical perforation method such as a needle punch method or a hot-melt perforation method. The needle punching method is a method in which a heated needle is pressed against a thermoplastic resin film to form a hole. The hot-melt perforation method is a method of perforating a thermoplastic resin film by melting it with a heated embossing roll.

However, the mechanical drilling method has a hole size as large as about 100 μm, which makes it difficult not only to drill a finer hole, but also a higher density of the holes (for example, 500 or more per cm ² ). Therefore, it is difficult to apply the filter to various filters and packaging materials described above. An object of the present invention consists <br/> porous organic films that have a large number of fine through holes having a uniform pore diameter, this increasing the yield of mushrooms
And a packaging material for cultivating mushrooms .

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems For cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention
Packaging material, this <br/> formed of an elongated porous organic film through-hole having the diameter of 50μm across organic film formed by a number and uniformly perforated with 500 / cm ² or more densities It is characterized by the following.

Examples of the organic film include general-purpose polymer films such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, fluororesin, and polyamide; engineering plastic films such as polycarbonate and polyimide; and polyether ether. Super engineering plastic film such as ketone, polyether ketone, or elastomer film,
In addition, a heat-fusible resin film, foamed paper, or the like can be used.

[0009] through hole to be drilled into the organic film will have the following pore size 50 [mu] m. The reason for limiting the density of the through-holes formed in the organic film is that if the density is less than 500 holes / cm ² , the permeation amount of oxygen or the like is increased.
Becomes difficult . The density of through-holes in such an organic film can be increased up to 200,000 / cm ² by a method described later. Therefore, the density of the through holes occupied in the organic film can be arbitrarily selected in the range of 500 / cm ² ～200000 pieces / cm ² by the relationship between the pore diameter of the through hole.

[0010] Such a porous organic film has a long organic layer between a first roll having a large number of particles having Mohs hardness of 5 or more and having sharp corners, and a second roll having a smooth surface. The first roll by adjusting the pressing force on the long organic film passing between the rolls so as to be uniform over the entire film surface in contact with the rolls. At the sharp corners of many particles on the surface, 50 μm
It is manufactured by perforating a large number of through-holes of m or less at a density of 500 or more / cm ² or more.

The first roll has a structure in which a large number of particles having a Mohs hardness of 5 or more having sharp corners on the surface of a metal roll main body are electrodeposited or adhered with an organic or inorganic binder. Examples of the particles having a Mohs hardness of 5 or more include cemented carbide particles such as tungsten carbide, silicon carbide particles, boron carbide particles, sapphire particles, cubic boron nitride (CBN) particles, and natural or synthetic diamond particles. Can be mentioned. Especially,
Synthetic diamond particles having high hardness and strength are desirable. It is desirable to use particles having a particle size of 10 to 100 μm and a variation of the particle size of 5% or less. The large number of particles have 500 through holes in a long organic film.
From the viewpoint of forming at a density of not less than ² cm ^2, it is desirable that 50% or more be adhered to the roll body surface.

As the second roll, for example, an iron roll, an iron-based alloy roll, an iron roll whose surface is subjected to Ni plating treatment or Cr plating treatment, a stainless steel roll, or the like can be used.

[0013]

[0014]

[0015]

The packaging material for mushroom cultivation according to the present invention is made of polyethylene.
General-purpose components such as polypropylene film and polypropylene film
Sub-film (organic film) has a diameter of 50 μm or less.
Through holes with a density of 500 / cm ² or more
Made of a porous organic film perforated
Gas, carbon dioxide, etc.
A place to grow in the outside world by growing mushrooms in packaging
The growing speed and quality of the mushroom can be improved as compared with the case.

[0016]

[0017]

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a front view showing an apparatus for manufacturing a porous film used in the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view showing a main part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross section taken along line III-III in FIG. FIG.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 101 denotes a bed. A table 102 is provided on the upper surface of the bed 101 except for the vicinity of the right end. On the table 102, two key-shaped frames 103 are installed at predetermined intervals in the width direction of the table 102. The frame 103 includes a lower plate 103a, a side plate 103b, and an upper plate 1
03c. Near the center of the side plate 103b of each frame 103, a first
Boxes 105 are respectively fixed. A first roll 106 is arranged between the frames 103. As shown in FIG. 2, the first roll 106 includes a number of particles (for example, synthetic diamond particles) 10 having a particle diameter of 70 to 85 μm and having sharp corners and a Mohs hardness of 5 or more.
7 comprises an iron roll body 108 electrodeposited on the surface thereof at an area ratio of 70% or more, and shafts 109 penetrating the center of the body 108 and projecting from both end faces of the body 108. Both protruding ends of the shaft 109 are respectively supported by bearings 104 in the first box 105. One end side (for example, left end side) of the first roll 106
The shaft 109 passes through the box 105, and a gear 111 that meshes with a gear of a drive shaft of a motor (not shown) is mounted on a protruding portion of the shaft 109. Therefore, the first roll 106 is driven by the motor.
Is rotated, for example, clockwise.
A protruding portion of the shaft 109 located between the gear 111 and the left side surface of the box 105 includes a gear 110
Is mounted on the shaft.

Rails 112 and 113 are formed on the side plate 103b of each frame 103 located below and above the first box 105, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 3, a slider 114 (the other slider is not shown) is arranged on each of the lower rails 112 so as to be vertically movable. Each of the sliders 11
4, second boxes 116 each having a built-in bearing 115 are fixed, and can move up and down along the rails 112. A second roll 117 is arranged between the frames 103 so as to face each other so as to be located below the first roll 106. The second roll 117 includes a roll main body 118 made of, for example, stainless steel and having a hard surface, and a shaft 119 that penetrates the center of the main body 118 and protrudes from both end surfaces of the main body 118. Both protruding ends of the shaft 119 are supported by bearings 115 in the second box 116, respectively. One end side (for example, left end side) of the second roll 117
A shaft 119 portion projects through the second box 116, and a gear 120 meshing with the gear 110 of the shaft 109 of the first roll 106 is mounted on the projecting portion of the shaft 119. . Therefore, the second roll 117 is connected to the second box 116 and the slider 1.
By means of 14, it is arranged movably up and down along the rail 112. Further, the first roll 106 is driven by the motor.
By rotating the shaft 109 clockwise, the shaft 119 having the gear 120 meshing with the gear 110 of the shaft 109 rotates counterclockwise, and as a result, the second roll 117 rotates counterclockwise. It is designed to rotate clockwise.

As shown in FIG. 3, a slider 121 (the other slider is not shown) is disposed on each of the upper rails 113 so as to be vertically movable. A third box 123 containing a bearing 122 is fixed to each of the sliders 121 so as to be able to move up and down along the rail 113. In addition, a third roll 124 is provided between the respective frames 103 by the first roll 10.
6 so as to face each other. The third roll 124 is, for example, an iron roll body 1 having a surface coated with a polymer resin layer 125 such as urethane resin.
26 and the main body 12 through the center of the main body 126.
6 and a shaft 127 protruding from both end surfaces. Both protruding ends of the shaft 127 are supported by bearings 122 in the third box 123, respectively. The shaft 12 on one end side (for example, the left end side) of the third roll 124
The seven parts protrude through the third box 123, and a gear 128 that meshes with the gear 110 of the shaft 109 of the first roll 106 is mounted on the protruding part of the shaft 127. Therefore, the third roll 124 is arranged to be vertically movable along the rail 113 by the third box 123 and the slider 121. Further, the shaft 109 of the first roll 106 is driven by the motor.
By rotating clockwise, the shaft 109 is rotated.
The shaft 127 having the gear 128 meshing with the gear 110 rotates counterclockwise, and consequently the third gear
The roll 124 rotates counterclockwise.

The two frames 103, the two first boxes 105, the first roll 106, the two sliders 112 and 113, the two second boxes 116, the second roll 117, and the two The three boxes 123 and the third roll 124 constitute a perforation unit 129.

A cylindrical body 13 having upper and lower flanges 130 and 131 is provided on the lower wall of the two second boxes 116.
2 are arranged respectively. Each said cylindrical body 132,
As shown in FIG.
The box 116 is fixed to the second box 116 by a plurality of screws 133 screwed to the lower wall. At the lower flange 131 of each of the cylindrical bodies 132, a disk 135 having a hole 134 at the center is arranged, respectively.
Each of the disks 135 is fixed to each of the disks 135 by a plurality of screws 136 screwed to the lower flange 131. In each of the cylindrical bodies 132, a coil spring 137 is housed so as to apply an elastic force in a vertical direction. A rod 139 having a pressure sensor 138 attached to the upper end thereof is inserted into each of the cylindrical bodies 132 through a hole 134 of the disk 135.
Each of the pressure sensors 138 is in contact with the lower end of each of the coil springs 137, and can detect a pressing force on the coil spring 137 due to the rise of each of the rods 139. A disc-shaped guide 140 for smoothly moving the rod 139 up and down is attached to the rod 139 below each of the sensors 138. The lower end of each rod 139 has a ball screw 14
1 are respectively inserted. Each ball screw 1
Reference numerals 41 penetrate the lower plate 103a of the frame 103 and project into recesses (not shown) of the bed 102, respectively. In the recessed portions, casings (the other casing is not shown) 142 each containing a threaded engagement plate (not shown) are provided. The lower end protrusion of the ball screw 141 is screwed to the engagement plate in each of the casings 142. In each of the casings 142, a worm shaft (not shown) that engages with a lower end protruding portion of the ball screw 141 is inserted from the horizontal direction, and a handle is provided at one end of each of the worm shafts. (Not shown) 143 are provided. Therefore, by rotating the handle 143, the ball screw 141 that engages with the worm shaft of the handle 143 rotates, and the rod 139 into which the ball screw 141 is inserted rises (or descends). ing. In this case, when the rod 139 is lowered to a certain distance or more, the disk-shaped guide 140 attached to the rod 139 comes into contact with the inner surface of the disk 135 below the cylindrical body 132 to lower the cylindrical body 132 itself. Let it. Therefore, the second box 116 fixed to the upper end of the cylindrical body 132 is lowered by the slider 114 along the lower part 112 of the rail.

The two cylindrical bodies 132, the two disks 135, the two coil springs 137, the two pressure sensors 138, the two rods 139, the two disk guides 140, and the two ball screws 14
1. A first pressure for adjusting a pressing force on a film passing between the first and second rolls 106 and 117 by the two casings 142, the two worm shafts (not shown), and the two handles 143. The adjusting means 144 is included.

On the upper wall of the two third boxes 123, a cylindrical body 14 having upper and lower flanges 145 and 146 is provided.
7 are arranged respectively. Each said cylindrical body 147,
As shown in FIG.
The box 123 is fixed to the third box 123 by a plurality of screws 148 screwed to the upper wall. Disks 150 each having a hole 149 in the center are arranged on the upper flange 145 of each of the cylindrical bodies 147, respectively.
The disks 150 are respectively fixed by a plurality of screws 151 screwed from the disks 150 to the upper flange 145. In each of the cylindrical bodies 147, a coil spring 152 is housed so as to apply an elastic force in a vertical direction, and a lower end of each of the coil springs 152 is in contact with an upper wall of the third box 123, respectively. I have. In each of the cylindrical bodies 147, a rod 154 having a pressure sensor 153 attached to a lower end thereof is provided on the disk 1 respectively.
It is inserted through 50 holes 149. Each of the pressure sensors 153 is in contact with the upper end of each of the coil springs 152, and the coil springs 152
Can be detected. A disc-shaped guide 155 for smoothly moving the rod 154 up and down is provided on the rod 154 above each of the sensors 153.
Are attached. A ball screw 156 is inserted into the upper end of each rod 154. Each of the ball screws 156 passes through the upper plate 103c of the frame 103, and
Projecting upwards. On the upper surface of each of the upper plates 103c, there is provided a casing (the other casing is not shown) 157 which incorporates a threaded engaging plate (not shown). An upper end protruding portion of the ball screw 156 is screwed to the engagement plate in each of the casings 157. In each of the casings 157, a worm shaft (not shown) that engages with an upper end protruding portion of the ball screw 156 is inserted from the horizontal direction, and a handle is provided at one end of each of the worm shafts. (Not shown) 158 are provided. Accordingly, by rotating the handle 158, the ball screw 156 that engages with the worm shaft of the handle 158 rotates, and the ball screw 15
6. Lower (or ascend) the rod 154 with the inserted 6
It is supposed to. In this case, when the rod 154 is raised over a certain distance, the disc-shaped guide 155 attached to the rod 154 causes the cylindrical body 147 to move.
The cylindrical body 147 itself is raised by contacting the inner surface of the upper disk 150. For this reason, the third box 123 fixed to the lower end of the cylindrical body 147 is
1 raises along the rail 113.

The two cylindrical bodies 147, the two disks 150, the two coil springs 152, the two pressure sensors 153, the two rods 154, the two disk guides 155, and the two ball screws Fifteen
6. The second pressure for adjusting the pressing force on the film passing between the first and third rolls 106 and 124 by the two casings 157, the two worm shafts (not shown), and the two handles 158. The adjusting means 159 is constituted.

In front of the perforating unit 129, a winding roll (not shown) of a long film is disposed.
61, between the first and second rolls 106 and 117 of the unit 129 and the first and third rolls 10
6, 124. A static eliminator 162 is disposed downstream of the unit 129. The static electricity removing means 162 is installed on the table 102,
It comprises a container 163 containing pure water and an ultrasonic wave generating member (not shown) for applying ultrasonic waves to the pure water. The unit 129 and the static elimination means 162
During the operation, five feed rolls 161 for transporting the long film that has passed between the first and third rolls 106 and 124 are arranged in the container 163 and at a subsequent stage of the container 163, respectively. I have. The container 16
The contact rolls 164 are respectively disposed on the two feed rolls 161 located at the front and rear stages of No. 3. A plurality of hot-air jetting members and a take-up roll (all not shown) for drying the film that has passed between the feed roll 161 and the abutment roll 164 are sequentially disposed at a stage subsequent to the static electricity removing unit 162. Have been.

Embodiment 1 The first and second rolls 106 and 11 of the perforation unit 129 in the porous film manufacturing apparatus having the above-described configuration.
7 shows a method for producing a long porous polyester film by piercing a long film made of polyester between
This will be described with reference to FIGS.

First, as shown in FIG. 4, by rotating the two handles 143 of the first pressure adjusting means 144 in, for example, a counterclockwise direction, each of the drilling units 129 connected to the upper end of each cylindrical body 132 is rotated. The second box 116 is moved by the slider 114 to each rail 1 of each frame 103.
12 and lower each second box 1
The second roll 117 supported by the bearing 115 in the roller 16 is separated from the first roll 106 thereon by a sufficient distance. Also, the two handles 1 of the second pressure adjusting means 159
Each third box 123 connected to the lower end of each cylindrical body 147 by rotating
Is raised by the slider 121 along each rail 113 of each frame 103, and the third roll 124 supported by the bearing 122 in each of the third boxes 123 is separated from the first roll 106 thereunder by a sufficient distance. Open and release. In this state, a long film 16 made of polyester having a thickness of 12 μm is wound from a winding roll (not shown).
0 by the two feed rolls 161 in the unit 129.
After passing between the first and second rolls 106 and 117, between the feed roll 161 and the first and third rolls 106 and 124, the inside of the container 163 of the static electricity removing means 162 is moved by the four feed rolls 161. Then, the leading end of the long film 160 is wound around a winding roll (not shown). In addition,
In the step, the long film 160 is attached to the first,
When passing between the third rolls 106 and 124, as shown in FIG. 4, the long film 160 is prevented from contacting the surface of the first roll 106.

Next, after winding the leading end of the long film 160 on a take-up roll, the first pressure adjusting means 14
By rotating the two handles 143 in a clockwise direction, the second handle 143 connected to the upper end of each cylindrical body 132 is rotated.
Box 116 is moved by slider 114 to each frame 1
03 are respectively raised along the rails 112 of the second box 116, and the second
The roll 117 is brought into contact with the first roll 106 thereon. Further, by rotating the respective handles 143 in the same direction, the respective coil springs 137 thereon are compressed by the respective sensors 138 at the upper ends of the respective rods 139. By the compression of each of the coil springs 137, a pressing force is applied to the lower wall of each of the second boxes 116, and the second roll 11 supported by a bearing 115 in the second box 116 is supported.
7 and the pressing force between the first roll 106 increase. At this time, the second roll 11 is detected by the pressure sensors 138.
By detecting the pressing force (compression force) between the first and second rolls 7 and 106 and adjusting the rotation of each handle 143 in the forward and reverse directions, the second and first rolls 117 and 106 are adjusted.
The pressing force on the long film 160 located therebetween is adjusted. By adjusting the pressing of the unit 129 by the first pressure adjusting means 144, the film 16 in contact with the second and first rolls 117 and 106 can be adjusted.
A uniform pressing force is applied to the entire zero plane, and preparation for the punching operation is completed.

After the preparation for the boring operation is completed, ultrasonic waves are applied to the pure water contained in the container 163 of the static electricity removing means 162 by an ultrasonic generating member (not shown). Then,
By rotating the drive shaft of a motor (not shown) at the same time as rotating the take-up roll, the gear of the drive shaft and the gear 11 of the shaft 109 of the first roll 106 are rotated.
By the rotation transmission of 1, the first roll 106 is rotated clockwise. When the first roll 106 rotates,
The rotation of the gear 110 of the shaft 109 and the gear 120 of the shaft 119 of the second roll 117 causes the second roll 117 to rotate in a counterclockwise direction. in this case,
Since the third roll 124 is sufficiently spaced above the first roll 106, the third roll 124
Gear 128 of the shaft 127 and the first roll 106
Is disengaged from the gear 110 of the shaft 109, and the third roll 124 is not driven by the rotation of the motor, and rotates freely. By rotating the first and second rolls 106 and 117 in this manner, the long film 160 passing between these rolls 106 and 117 is rotated.
Is perforated.

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the first roll 106 has an iron roll main body 108 on which a large number of synthetic diamond particles 107 having sharp corners are electrodeposited on the surface at an area ratio of 70% or more. The second roll 117 is provided with a roll body 118 having a hard surface such as stainless steel, for example. Further, the unit 1 by the first pressure adjusting means 144 may be used.
29, the first and second rolls 106,
A uniform pressing force is applied over the entire contact surface between the long film 160 and the rolls 106 and 117 passing through the space 117. For this reason, the long film 160 made of the polyester is used for the first and second rolls 106 and 1.
When the polyester film passes through the gap 17, the sharp corners of the large number of synthetic diamond particles 107 on the surface of the first roll 106 uniformly pierce the entire width direction of the polyester film without substantially impairing the inherent properties of the polyester film.

Next, the long porous polyester film 165 perforated by the unit 129 is passed and conveyed into the container 163 of the static electricity removing means 162 by five feed rolls 161 and two contact rolls 164. The long film 16 by the unit 129
0, the first and second rolls 106, 117
Therefore, a large amount of static electricity is generated on the surface of the long porous polyester film 165 after the perforation process, and the surrounding dust is attached. Passing the perforated long porous polyester film 165 through the container 163 of the static electricity removing means 162 containing pure water, and applying ultrasonic waves to the pure water by an ultrasonic generating member (not shown). Thus, dust adhering to the long porous polyester film 165 is washed away.
Subsequently, the long porous polyester film 165 is used.
Is passed through a plurality of hot air jetting members (not shown) to volatilize and remove water on the surface, and then wound up by a winding roll.

As shown in FIG. 5, the long porous polyester film 165 having a thickness of 12 μm manufactured by the method of the first embodiment has through holes 166 having a fine size of 3 to 5 μm as shown in FIG. Many and uniform holes were drilled at a density of 5000 / cm ² .

A packaging material for mushroom cultivation was prepared from the long porous polyester film of Example 1 , and mushrooms were wrapped in the packaging material.
When cultivated, the mushrooms were successfully bred.

Further, it was confirmed that the long porous polyester film of Example 1 had excellent air permeability and water pressure resistance, and was useful as an antiperspirant clothing material. In the first embodiment, the long organic film is formed of polyester. However, even if a film made of another polymer such as a fluororesin, polyamide, or elastomer is used, the long organic film has the same excellent characteristics as the first embodiment. A porous porous organic film can be obtained.

[0037]

As described above in detail, a porous organic films that have a large number of through-holes having uniform pore diameter according to the present invention
To improve the speed and quality of growing mushrooms and increase the yield
It is possible to provide a packaging material for cultivating mushrooms that can be cultivated .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an apparatus for manufacturing a porous film used in an example of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a main part of the manufacturing apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front view for explaining the manufacturing process of the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a long porous polyester film manufactured according to Example 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

101: bed, 102: table, 103: frame, 105: first box, 106: first roll, 11
6 ... second box, 117 ... second roll, 123 ... third
Box, 124: Third roll, 129: Perforating unit, 132, 147: Cylindrical body, 137, 152: Coil spring, 151, 143, 158, 175: Handle, 1
44, 159: pressure adjusting means, 160: long film, 162: static electricity removing means, 165, 167: long porous polyester film, 166: through hole.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A mushroom cultivation comprising a porous organic film formed by uniformly and perforating a large number of through holes having a diameter of 50 μm or less at a density of 500 / cm ² or more in an organic film.
Packaging material .