JP2568696Y2 - Refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in piston type compressor - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in a piston type compressor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an oscillating swash plate type piston compressor has a cylinder block in which a plurality of cylinder bores for accommodating pistons are formed in parallel with each other, and a crank chamber is formed by being joined to a front end surface of the cylinder block. A front housing; and a rear housing joined to a rear end surface of the cylinder block to define a suction chamber and a discharge chamber. The rear housing is provided in the crank chamber by rotation of a rotation shaft supported by a center hole of the cylinder block and the front housing. The piston is reciprocated in a cylinder bore via a drive mechanism having a swinging swash plate, whereby the refrigerant gas sucked from the suction chamber is compressed and discharged to the discharge chamber. More specifically, a suction plate having a suction valve for opening and closing the suction hole is provided between the cylinder block and the rear housing, and a valve plate penetrating the suction hole and the discharge hole on the cylinder bore side of the plate. However, a discharge plate having a discharge valve for opening and closing the discharge hole is interposed on the rear housing side of the valve plate. When the piston is in the suction stroke, the suction valve of the suction plate is opened, and the refrigerant gas in the suction chamber is sucked from the suction hole of the valve plate into the working chamber for performing suction and compression in the cylinder bore, and the piston enters the compression stroke. When the suction valve closes the suction hole and the pressure in the working chamber becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure, the discharge valve of the discharge plate opens and the compressed refrigerant gas in the working chamber is discharged from the discharge hole of the valve plate to the discharge chamber. .

[0003]

In the above-mentioned piston type compressor, lubricating oil is mixed in the refrigerant gas, and this oil adheres to the gap between the contact portion between the plate-shaped suction valve and the valve plate. When the suction valve is elastically deformed against its own elasticity at the beginning of the suction stroke to open the suction hole, the suction force of the oil makes it difficult for the suction valve to separate from the contact surface of the valve plate, thereby performing a suction operation. And the suction pressure of the working chamber in each cylinder bore varies, resulting in power loss of the compressor.

In order to solve the above problems, the present applicant has proposed a novel refrigerant gas suction mechanism for a compressor different from the prior art. In the suction mechanism, a valve housing chamber communicating with the suction chamber is provided at a central portion of the cylinder block and the rear housing, and the valve housing chamber and the working chamber in each of the cylinder bores are formed in a cylinder block. In communication with the passage, the valve housing chamber houses a rotary valve that is rotated in synchronization with the reciprocating motion of the piston, and a central portion of the rotary valve forms a suction passage that is always in communication with the suction chamber. In addition, a suction guide groove communicating with the suction communication passage and communicating with the suction passage only in a suction stroke is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the rotary valve in a circumferential direction.

Therefore, when the piston is in the suction stroke due to the rotation of the rotary shaft, the refrigerant gas is sucked into the working chamber from the suction chamber through the gas suction passage of the rotary valve, the suction guide groove and the suction communication passage formed in the cylinder block. To be
The operation of sucking the refrigerant gas is performed smoothly, and it is possible to eliminate the above-mentioned reduction in responsiveness and power loss of the operation of the flat suction valve.

However, in the refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism using the conventional rotary valve, the connection portion between the suction passage and the suction guide groove communicates with each other at right angles, and the bottom wall surface of the suction guide groove of the rotary valve is simply formed. Since it is formed in the radial direction of the rotary valve, the flow resistance of the suctioned refrigerant gas increases, the pressure loss increases, and the amount of the refrigerant gas sucked into the working chamber in the cylinder bore is suppressed, thereby improving the compression efficiency. There is a new problem that cannot be done.

The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, to reduce the flow resistance of the suction refrigerant gas passing through the rotary valve during the suction stroke, to suppress the pressure loss, and to improve the compression efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in a piston type compressor that can perform the above operation.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, in a piston type compressor, a valve accommodating chamber communicating with the suction chamber is provided in a housing and / or a cylinder block forming a suction chamber, The valve chamber and the working chamber of each cylinder bore communicate with each other by a suction communication passage, and the valve chamber houses a rotary valve that is rotated in synchronization with the reciprocating motion of a piston. Forming a suction guide groove in the circumferential direction that can communicate with a suction communication passage communicating with the working chamber during the suction stroke;
With the shaft center side of the rotary valve to form a suction passage which always communicates the suction guiding groove and the suction chamber, to communicate with the suction passage in an inclined state the suction guide groove, further, the
Inside the suction guide groove, with respect to the rotation direction of the rotary valve
Leading edge located on the leading side and trailing edge located on the trailing side
And the leading end face is close to the suction passage.
The end face that precedes the direction of rotation of the rotary valve
We are taking the means of the.

[0009]

According to this invention, since the suction guide groove formed in the rotary valve is inclined and communicates with the suction passage,
Pressure loss you decrease <br/> flow resistance in the suction of the refrigerant gas is reduced. In addition, it is formed inside the suction guide groove.
Of the leading and trailing end faces of the rotary valve
The leading end face located on the leading side with respect to the direction
The closer the vehicle is to the road, the more forward the inclination of the rotary valve
Because of the inclined end face, the suction communication passage from inside the suction guide groove
Thus , the refrigerant gas can be smoothly supplied to the working chamber in the cylinder bore through the circumstance , the pressure loss can be reduced, the amount of refrigerant gas sucked into the working chamber in the cylinder bore can be increased , and the compression efficiency can be improved.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in an oscillating swash plate type variable displacement compressor will be described below with reference to FIGS.

A front housing 2 is joined and fixed to a front end surface of the cylinder block 1 and a crank chamber 3 is formed therein. A rear housing 4 is joined and fixed to the rear end surface of the cylinder block 1 via a valve plate 5, a discharge plate 6, and a retainer plate 7. In the rear housing 4, a suction chamber 8 is formed at the center and a discharge chamber 9 is formed at the outer periphery by a partition wall 4a formed inside. The valve plate 5 has a discharge hole 5a formed therein.
Is formed with a discharge valve 6a corresponding to the discharge hole 5a,
Further, a retainer 7a for regulating the open position of the discharge valve 6a is formed on the retainer plate 7.

A rotary shaft 10 is mounted on the cylinder block 1 and the front housing 2 by radial bearings 11,1.
2 and is rotatably supported by external power.
A rotary support 13 is fitted and fixed on the rotary shaft 10 so as to be located in the crank chamber 3. A thrust bearing 14 is interposed between the rotary support 13 and the front housing 2. Further, the rotating support 1
A long hole 13b is formed in the arm portion 13a protruding from the outer periphery of 3, and a rotary swash plate 16 is connected to the long hole 13b via a connecting pin 15 so as to be tiltable in the front-rear direction. A swinging swash plate 17 is rotatably supported on a boss 16 a of the rotating swash plate 16. A pin 19 engages with a sleeve 18 fitted on the rotating shaft 10 so as to reciprocate.
Boss portion 16a is rotatably connected. Further, the swing swash plate 17 is prevented from rotating by a guide rod 20 penetrating and fixed to the cylinder block 1 and the front housing 2, and is allowed to tilt in the front-rear direction.

Pistons 21 are respectively accommodated in cylinder bores 1a formed at a plurality of positions (five in this embodiment) with respect to the cylinder block 1 in parallel with the rotary shaft 10. Each piston 21 is interposed by a piston rod 22. Are connected to the swinging swash plate 17 respectively. A spring receiver 23 is mounted on the rotating shaft 10, and a coiled spring 24 is interposed between the spring receiver 23 and the sleeve 18, and the inclination angle of the swash plate 17 always increases, The compression capacity is urged to increase.

The center hole 1b of the cylinder block 1, the center hole 5b of the valve plate 5, the center hole 6b of the discharge plate 6, the center hole 7b of the retainer plate 7, and the inner peripheral surface 4b of the partition 4a of the rear housing 4. A cylindrical valve storage chamber 25 communicating with the suction chamber 8 is formed. The valve chamber 25 and the working chamber in each of the cylinder bores 1a are connected to each other by a plurality of suction communication passages 1c formed in the cylinder block 1.
A cylindrical rotary valve 26 for sucking refrigerant gas is rotatably stored in the valve storage chamber 25. The engagement hole 2 formed in the front end face of the rotary valve 26
6a has an engagement projection 10a formed on the rear end face of the rotating shaft 10.
Are fitted, and are connected to the rotating shaft 10 by a key 27 so as to be able to rotate synchronously. The rear end surface of the rotary valve 26 is restricted in position so that it cannot move rearward by a step 4c formed on the inner peripheral surface of the partition wall 4a.

A suction passage 28 communicating with the suction chamber 8 is formed at the axial center of the rotary valve 26, and an outer peripheral surface thereof is always in communication with an inner end of the suction passage 28.
A suction guide groove 29 that can communicate with the plurality of suction communication passages 1c in the suction stroke is formed.

Then, the rotation shaft 10 is rotated, and the swinging swash plate 17 is swung back and forth via the rotating support 13, the connecting pin 15 and the rotating swash plate 16, and a plurality of When the piston 21 is sequentially reciprocated at different timings, when the rotary valve 26 is rotated by the rotary shaft 10 and the piston 21 shifts to the suction stroke, the suction guide groove 29 preceding in the valve rotation direction in FIG. The leading end face 31 of the bottom wall is the cylinder block 1
In the opening direction, and as a result, the suction passage 8 of the rotary valve 26 is
8, refrigerant gas is sucked into the working chamber 30 in the cylinder bore 1a through the guide groove 29 and the suction communication passage 1c. or,
At the end of the suction stroke, the trailing end surface 32 of the bottom wall of the suction guide groove 29 passes in the direction in which the suction communication passage 1c is closed in the valve rotation direction, and the suction of the refrigerant gas into the cylinder bore working chamber 30 is stopped. You. Further, when the rotating shaft 10 and the rotary valve 26 rotate to move the piston 21 to the discharge stroke, the suction communication passage 1 c is kept closed by the outer peripheral surface of the rotary valve 26, and The refrigerant gas compressed in the step (1) is discharged to the discharge chamber 9 by opening the discharge valve 6a from the discharge hole 5a formed in the valve plate 5.

In the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the suction guide groove 29 of the rotary valve 26 communicates with the suction passage 28 at an oblique angle with respect to the suction passage 28. Is smoothed and the pressure loss is suppressed, so that the inflow of the refrigerant gas sucked into the working chamber 30 in the cylinder bore 1a through the suction communication passage 1c can be promoted, the suction amount increases, and the compression efficiency increases. be able to.

In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the leading end face 31 located on the leading side of the suction guide groove 29 in the rotary valve rotation direction is in contact with the outer periphery of the suction passage 28, and 28, the suction end groove is formed so as to advance from the suction passage 28 when the rotary valve 26 rotates.
9, the flow of the gas into the suction communication passage 1c can be facilitated, and the flow of the refrigerant gas into the suction communication passage 1c can be promoted. From this point, the suction amount can be increased and the compression efficiency can be increased.

Next, another example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the width of the suction guide groove 29 is made smaller toward the outer peripheral side opening so that the cross-sectional area of the passage of the suction gas is the same. Therefore, in this embodiment, since there is no pressure fluctuation of the refrigerant gas in the guide groove 29, the flow of the refrigerant gas becomes smoother than in the previous embodiment,
By increasing the suction amount, the compression efficiency can be improved.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be embodied by changing the configuration of each unit as follows. (1) The trailing end surface 32 of the suction guide groove 29 is an inclined end surface, like the preceding end surface 31 described above.

(2) The valve chamber 25 is formed only on the cylinder block 1 side or only on the rear housing 4 side. (3) The present invention is embodied in a swash plate type piston compressor having a constant capacity other than the swinging swash plate type variable displacement compressor.

(4) The suction communication passage has substantially the same inclination angle as the suction guide groove.

[0023]

As described in detail above, this invention connects the suction guide groove of the rotary valve to the suction passage in an inclined state, and furthermore, the front end face and the rear end of the suction guide groove located on the front side in the rotation direction of the rotary valve. Of the trailing end faces located on the row side, at least the preceding end face is an inclined end face that precedes in the rotational direction as approaching the suction passage, thereby facilitating the flow of the suction refrigerant gas passing through the rotary valve. Thus, the pressure loss of the refrigerant gas in the suction guide groove is suppressed, and the amount of suction gas to the working chamber in the cylinder bore is increased, so that the compression efficiency can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in an oscillating swash plate type variable displacement compressor.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a rotary valve.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a housed state of a rotary valve.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged transverse cross-sectional view showing a housed state of a rotary valve.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a rotary valve showing another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 cylinder block, 1a cylinder bore, 1c suction communication passage, 2 front housing, 3 crank chamber,
Reference Signs List 4 rear housing, 4a partition, 5 valve plate, 8 suction chamber, 9 discharge chamber, 10 rotating shaft, 13 rotating support, 16 rotating swash plate, 17 swinging swash plate, 21 piston, 25 valve accommodating chamber, 26 rotary valve , 2
8 suction passage, 29 suction guide groove, 30 working chamber, 31
A leading end face of the suction guide groove located on the leading side in the valve rotation direction, 32 a trailing end face of the suction guide groove located on the trailing side in the valve rotation direction.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Hideki Mizutani 2-1-1, Toyota-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Pref. 56-57975 (JP, U)

Claims (1)

(57) [Scope of request for utility model registration] A cylinder block in which a plurality of cylinder bores for accommodating a piston are formed in parallel with each other; at least one housing joined to the cylinder block to form a suction chamber, a discharge chamber, and a crank chamber; By reciprocating the piston in the cylinder bore via a drive mechanism by the rotation of a rotation shaft supported by the housing on the side of the crank chamber, the gas sucked from the suction chamber is compressed in the working chamber in each cylinder bore, and the discharge chamber is compressed. A piston type compressor configured to discharge to the housing, a housing and / or a cylinder block forming the suction chamber are provided with a valve housing chamber communicating with the suction chamber;
The valve accommodating chamber communicates with the working chamber of each of the cylinder bores through a suction communication passage. The valve accommodating chamber accommodates a rotary valve that is rotated in synchronization with the reciprocating motion of the piston. A suction guide groove which can communicate with a suction communication passage communicating with the working chamber during the suction stroke is formed in the circumferential direction, and a suction passage which constantly communicates the suction chamber with the suction guide groove is formed on the axial center side of the rotary valve. and forming, by communicating the suction guiding groove in the suction passage in an inclined state, further, the rotary inside of the suction guide groove
A leading end face located on the leading side with respect to the rotation direction of the valve;
Forming a trailing end face located on the trailing side, and
As the line end face approaches the suction passage, the rotation of the rotary valve
A refrigerant gas suction guide mechanism in a piston type compressor having an inclined end surface that precedes the turning direction .