JP2025042842A - Cutting tool and cutting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a cutting tool capable of efficiently cutting large crushed material into smaller pieces, and a cutting method using said tool.
[Solution] In this invention, the small breaking tool comprises a base that is arranged to cover the large broken material from above and to be accessible to it, and at least three or more crushing parts that protrude downward from the underside of the base at positions radially spaced from the center of the underside of the base. Each of the crushing parts has a primary contact part that protrudes downward and strikes the large broken material to perform primary rock breaking as the base approaches the large broken material from above, and a secondary contact part that extends from the primary contact part to the center of the underside so that a ridgeline is formed from the primary contact part and faces the space below the center of the underside, and that strikes the remaining broken material remaining below the space below after the primary rock breaking to perform secondary rock breaking as the base approaches the remaining broken material.
[Selected figure] Figure 3

Description

This invention relates to a tool for breaking up relatively large fragments (hereinafter referred to as "large fragments") that are generated when crushing objects such as rocks, boulders, and concrete structures, and a method for breaking up objects using the tool.

For example, at sites involving rock crushing, rock is crushed by blasting or a wedge-type rock crusher developed by the inventor of the present application, but the crushed particles have a certain degree of distribution, and the large crushed pieces are too large to be removed as is. For this reason, after crushing the rock, a so-called small-cutting operation is sometimes performed to further crush the large crushed pieces into smaller pieces. In order to perform this small-cutting operation efficiently, the tools and methods for small-cutting described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have been proposed.

These tools for small fragmentation have tapered crushing sections protruding from the underside of a base. The base is then brought close to the large fragments from above, and the tips of the multiple crushing sections strike the large fragments at different positions on an imaginary plane perpendicular to the direction in which the base approaches, thereby performing the small fragmentation process.

Patent No. 7087251 Patent No. 7162807 Patent No. 7243011

The large crushed rock is split by the tip of the crushing section (corresponding to the "primary rock split" of this invention) into multiple crushed pieces (corresponding to the "residual crushed rock" of this invention), but there is sometimes a demand to further split these residual crushed pieces into smaller pieces. In order to satisfy such demands, it is currently necessary to repeatedly perform the smaller splitting work using a smaller splitting tool, that is, the primary rock splitting process. Therefore, at the above-mentioned site, it is required not only to split the large crushed rock into multiple residual crushed pieces in one smaller splitting work, but also to further split the residual crushed pieces to increase work efficiency.

This invention was developed in consideration of the above problems, and aims to provide a cutting tool that can cut large pieces of crushed material into smaller pieces more efficiently than conventional cutting tools, and a cutting method using said tool.

The first aspect of the present invention is a tool for breaking large crushed material into smaller pieces, comprising a base that is arranged to cover the large crushed material from above while being accessible to it, and at least three or more crushing parts that protrude downward from the bottom surface of the base at positions radially spaced apart from the center of the bottom surface of the base, each of which has a primary contact part and a secondary contact part, the primary contact part protruding downward and striking the large crushed material as the base approaches the large crushed material from above, thereby breaking it into primary rocks, the secondary contact part extending from the primary contact part toward the base so that a ridgeline extending from the primary contact part to the center of the bottom surface is formed and the ridgeline faces the space below the center of the bottom surface, and as the base approaches the remaining crushed material remaining below the space below after the primary rock breaking, the ridgeline strikes the remaining crushed material, thereby breaking it into secondary rocks.

The second aspect of the present invention is a method for breaking large fragments into smaller fragments using the above-mentioned small fragmentation tool, characterized by comprising the steps of: placing the small fragmentation tool above the large fragments; applying a downward external force to the base to strike the large fragments at the primary contact site to perform primary fragmentation; and using the ridge line to strike the remaining fragments remaining below the lower space after the primary fragmentation to perform secondary fragmentation.

As described above, according to the present invention, by applying a downward external force to the base of the small-cutting tool placed above the large-cut fragments, the residual fragments remaining below the space below the base after the large-cut fragments have been struck to perform the primary rock-cutting can be subjected to the secondary rock-cutting. In other words, the large-cut fragments can be cut into smaller fragments more efficiently than with conventional small-cutting tools.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall view of a work site for cutting large pieces of crushed material into smaller pieces using a cutting tool according to the present invention. This is a view taken along the line B-B, showing the small-cutting tool from the large-cut crushed material side. This is a view of the large fragments as seen from the small fragmentation tool side along the CC line. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a cutting method using the cutting tool shown in FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C and FIG. 2.

Figure 1A is a diagram showing the overall work site for breaking large pieces of crushed material into smaller pieces using the cutting tool of the present invention. Figure 1B is a diagram of the cutting tool as seen from the side of the large pieces of crushed material, taken along the line B-B. Figure 1C is a diagram of the large pieces of crushed material as seen from the side of the cutting tool, taken along the line C-C. Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of the cutting tool. Note that, for ease of understanding, the dimensions and number of each part have been exaggerated or simplified as necessary.

As shown in FIG. 1A, this small breaking tool 1 is attached to a construction vehicle 100 such as a backhoe used at a site involving rock breaking, and is a tool for further breaking down large pieces 200 generated when breaking rock into smaller pieces. More specifically, a hydraulic breaker 103 is attached to an arm 101 of the construction vehicle 100 via a bracket 102. This hydraulic breaker 103 has a breaker body (not shown). This breaker body also has a cylinder in the center. Then, by supplying pressure oil to the cylinder from a hydraulic supply source (not shown) via a switching valve, a piston fitted inside the cylinder can move forward and backward in the axial direction.

The small-cutting tool 1 is attached to the tip of the breaker body (the lower end in FIG. 1A). This small-cutting tool 1 has a base 2 with an approximately cylindrical appearance, as shown in FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, and FIG. 2. The lower surface 23 of the base 2 has a planar size that can cover the whole or part of the large-cut crushed material 200 placed on the ground or the piled-up large-cut crushed material 200 from above. As shown in FIG. 2, the lower surface 23 has a central recess inward, and a recess 24 corresponding to an example of the "lower surface space" of the present invention is provided below the central portion of the lower surface. A central through hole 25 is provided from the upper surface 21 of the base 2 in the center of the base 2 so that the inner diameter becomes smaller as it proceeds downward, and is connected to the recess 24. Furthermore, three crushing sections 22 are extended downward so as to surround the lower opening of the central through hole 25 from the lower side.

The tip 31 of the shaft-shaped body 3, which extends in the vertical direction Z, is attached to the central through-hole 25. More specifically, the shaft-shaped body 3 has a tip 31 that can be pressed into the central through-hole 25, a rear end 32 that is attached to the hydraulic breaker 103 and receives the impact force from the piston, and a central portion 33 that transmits the impact force received by the rear end 32 to the base 2. In this embodiment, the tip 31 has a tapered shape in which the outer diameter decreases as it advances downward in correspondence with the central through-hole 25, and can be pressed into the central through-hole 25. The tip 31 is then fixed to the base 2. The fixing method may be welding, seizing, or the like. The base 2 and the shaft-shaped body 3 may also be formed integrally.

In the base 2, the lower peripheral portion surrounding the lower opening of the central through hole 25 is cut out at equal angular intervals to provide three lower protrusions. In this embodiment, the central through hole 25 is drilled in the center of the upper end of a cylindrical tool steel to finish it into a ring shape, while the upper end is cut from the lower surface side to form the above-mentioned recess 24 and three lower protrusions. Each lower protrusion functions as a crushing portion 22. These three crushing portions 22 are provided at positions radially spaced apart by equal distances from the lower end of the central through hole 25 as shown in FIG. 1B. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A (and FIG. 3, which will be described later), the "lower end of the central through hole 25" corresponds to an example of the "center of the lower surface of the base" of the present invention. In addition, the crushing unit 22 is part of the base 2 and is configured as an integral part, but as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, a member equivalent to the crushing unit 22 may be prepared separately from the base 2 and attached to the base 2 to function as the crushing unit 22.

As shown in FIG. 2, in each crushing section 22, a carbide core 221a is attached to the lower convex portion of the base 2 from the lower side, i.e., the (-Z) direction side, and its tip protrudes downward from the lower convex portion. The tip of the lower convex portion to which the carbide core 221a is attached in this manner functions as the primary abutment portion 221. In addition, the portion of the lower convex portion that extends from the tip toward the upper end of the base 2 functions as the secondary abutment portion 222. The secondary abutment portion 222 is finished so that a ridge line 222a is formed that extends from the primary abutment portion 221 to the lower end of the central through hole 25, and the ridge line 222a faces the lower space in the center of the lower surface, i.e., the recess 24.

As shown in FIG. 1B, when the base 2 is viewed from the lower side, that is, from the (-Z) direction side, three ridges 222a are extended toward the lower end of the central through hole 25, and three carbide cores 221a are arranged at equal distances radially from the lower end of the central through hole 25 below them. Therefore, as described below, when the small-cutting tool 1 configured as described above is lowered from above the large-cut crushed material 200, the carbide cores 221a of the primary contact portion 221 strike the large-cut crushed material 200 to perform primary rock breaking. At this time, medium-sized crushed material (hereinafter referred to as "residual crushed material") remains below the recess 24, but following the primary rock breaking, the ridges 222a of the secondary contact portion 222 come into contact with the residual crushed material and strike the residual crushed material to perform secondary rock breaking. In this way, the rock breaking process is performed in two stages.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a method of small-cutting using the small-cutting tool shown in Figures 1A to 1C and 2, and shows a partial cross section corresponding to the cross section along line III-III in Figure 1C. With the upper end of the shaft member 3 of the small-cutting tool 1 attached to the breaker body and the small-cutting tool 1 attached to the construction vehicle 100, a worker operates the construction vehicle 100 to position the small-cutting tool 1 above the large-cut crushed material 200. Then, when the worker operates the construction vehicle 100 to bring the small-cutting tool 1 close to the large-cut crushed material 200 from above, the carbide core 221a of the primary abutment portion 221 a abuts against the large-cut crushed material 200. Then, while the multiple carbide cores 221a abut against the large-cut crushed material 200, an external force is applied to the carbide cores 221a from the breaker body via the shaft member 3 to the large-cut crushed material 200. In other words, the shaft member 3 uses the external force to strike the large-sized crushed material 200 at different positions of the multiple crushing sections 22. As a result, the large-sized crushed material 200 can be stably struck and the large-sized crushed material 200 can be primarily crushed as shown in FIG. 3(a). At this time, the remaining crushed material 201 remains below the recess 24, but it is secondary crushed as follows.

When the worker continues to operate the construction vehicle 100 to lower the small-cutting tool 1, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the crushing section 22 approaches the residual crushed material 201 so as to cover it from above, and the ridge 222a of the secondary abutment portion 222 a abuts against the residual crushed material 201. Then, while the multiple ridges 222a abut against the residual crushed material 201, an external force is applied from the breaker body to the ridges 222a on the residual crushed material 201. In other words, the multiple ridges 222a strike the residual crushed material 201 at different positions using the external force. As a result, the residual crushed material 201 is stably struck to break the residual crushed material 201 as shown in FIG. 3(b) (secondary rock breaking). As can be seen from Figures 3(b) and (c), the position where the ridge 222a contacts the residual crushed material 201 is displaced toward the inside of the recessed space 24 as the cutting tool 1 descends, and secondary rock cutting is carried out continuously.

As described above, in this embodiment, not only is primary rock breaking performed in the same manner as in the conventional technology, but secondary rock breaking is also performed following it, so that the large-sized crushed material 200 can be broken into smaller pieces more efficiently than with conventional small-sized cutting tools.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications other than those described above can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, three crushing sections 22 are arranged radially around the lower end of the central through hole 25 in a plan view of the base 2 from below, but the number and arrangement of the crushing sections 22 are not limited to this, and the same effect as the above-described embodiment can be obtained by distributing at least three or more crushing sections 22 so as to surround the lower end of the central through hole 25.

In addition, taking into consideration that the tip of the crushing section 22 will wear down due to the impact of the crushing section 22 on the large crushed object 200, instead of attaching the carbide core 221a, the crushing section 22 may be configured with a split structure similar to the invention described in Patent Document 1.

In addition, in the above embodiment, a base 2 that is circular in plan view is used, but the planar shape of the base 2 is not limited to this, and for example, a base that is rectangular in plan view may be used as the base 2.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the secondary abutment portion 222 is configured so that the ridge line 222a is a straight line, but the secondary abutment portion 222 may be configured so that the ridge line 222a is a curved line.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the large fragments 200 generated at rock excavation sites are targeted for crushing, but when crushing large fragments generated at other sites, such as road demolition sites and building demolition sites, the small fragmentation work can be efficiently performed by using the small fragmentation tool according to the present invention.

This invention can be applied to all small-fragmentation technologies for breaking down large fragments that are generated when crushing objects such as rocks, boulders, and concrete structures.

1 ... Small cutting tool 2 ... Base 21 ... (Base) upper surface 22 ... Crushing part 23 ... (Base) lower surface 24 ... Recess (lower space)
200...Large crushed material 201...Remaining crushed material 221...Primary contact area 222...Secondary contact area 222a...Ridge line Z...Vertical direction

Claims (4)

A tool for breaking large crushed objects into smaller pieces,
A base that is provided so as to be accessible while covering the large crushed object from above;
At least three or more crushing units are provided on the underside of the base at positions radially spaced apart from the center of the underside of the base, protruding downward;
Each of the fracturing portions has a primary contact portion and a secondary contact portion,
The primary contact portion protrudes downward, and as the base approaches the large-sized crushed object from above, the large-sized crushed object is struck to perform primary rock breaking.
The secondary contact portion is extended from the primary contact portion toward the base so that a ridgeline extending from the primary contact portion to the center of the lower surface is formed and the ridgeline faces the space below the center of the lower surface. As the base approaches the residual crushed material remaining below the lower space after the primary rock breaking, the ridgeline strikes the residual crushed material to perform secondary rock breaking.
A cutting tool characterized by the above. The cutting tool according to claim 1,
The crushing section and the base are integrally formed as a cutting tool. The cutting tool according to claim 1,
The distance between each of the crushing portions and the center of the lower surface is equal. A method for small-dividing a large-sized crushed object using the small-dividing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
A step of placing the small-cutting tool above the large-cut crushed object;
A method for small rock breaking comprising the steps of: applying a downward external force to the base, thereby striking the large-sized crushed material at the primary contact site to perform primary rock breaking; and causing the ridge line to strike the residual crushed material remaining below the lower space after the primary rock breaking to perform secondary rock breaking.

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