JP2024149355A - Structural base materials, structural members and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a structure base, a structure member and a structure that are capable of improving the compression rigidity, suppressing cracks caused by an external force, and absorbing energy caused by an external force.SOLUTION: A structure base 1 includes: a tensile member 2 which is elongated along one direction, to which an external force is transferred, and which is capable of bearing a tensile force; a compression part 3 capable of bearing a compression force, and including a plurality of block members 5 that are disposed in the tensile member 2 along the one direction and that are separated from and face each other; and a fixing part 4 for fixing the tensile member 2 and the compression part 3 to each other so as to transmit stress generated in the tensile member 2 to the compression part 3. The tensile member 2 is fixed to the block members 5 by the fixing part 4 so that the block members 5 are connected to each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to structural substrates, structural members, and structures.

For buildings, civil engineering structures, and other structures, wood, reinforced concrete, and steel-reinforced concrete are well known. Wood is lightweight and easy to construct, but the connections between the wooden materials have low horizontal resistance during earthquakes and strong winds, so the structure needs to be reinforced with structural plywood and braces. Reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete are earthquake-resistant, fire-resistant, and durable, but the overall weight of the structure is large, and the horizontal forces during earthquakes are large, so the structure is reinforced with a large amount of rebar to withstand these horizontal forces.

Regarding the wood materials used in wooden construction, efforts are being made to popularize CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) made from domestic timber, from the perspective of achieving carbon neutrality, utilizing domestic timber, and reviving the forestry industry. However, domestic timber has a higher moisture content and is less strong than imported timber, so domestic CLT has higher manufacturing costs and lower yields than solid timber or imported CLT.

The following Patent Document 1 discloses a technology that uses composite beams made of steel and wood materials in wooden buildings using the post-and-beam construction method, and attempts to ensure the strength, stability, durability, and ease of construction of the structure by using composite beams.

JP 2000-17730 A

Since reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete construction emit a large amount of carbon dioxide during construction, including the manufacturing of concrete, technological innovation is required to achieve carbon neutrality.

In addition, in reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete construction, the structural members are made of concrete that contains steel materials such as rebar and steel frames, but the elastic range of concrete is extremely small. Therefore, if cracks do not occur in the concrete, the structural members cannot deform, and stress cannot be generated in the internal steel materials. In fact, the premise of structural calculations is to assume and allow for cracks in the concrete. The secondary design in the current standards for earthquake-resistant design is designed to absorb seismic energy through deformation in the event of a major earthquake and prevent the building from collapsing, and a certain degree of damage is allowed. Therefore, calculations show that buildings that have experienced an earthquake of a certain magnitude or greater will require repairs to their framework.

Furthermore, even if there is no significant damage to the structural frame after an earthquake, damage to non-structural walls may occur as a result of the earthquake. Therefore, to prevent damage to non-structural walls, structural slits (earthquake-resistant slits) are provided between the structural frame and the non-structural walls. However, when providing structural slits, it is necessary to install slit material within the formwork, and there have been reports of poor construction in which the slit material shifts or warps due to the pressure when pouring the concrete, resulting in the formation of an appropriate structural slit.

The present invention was made in consideration of these circumstances, and aims to provide a structural base material, structural member, and structure that can improve compressive rigidity, suppress cracks caused by external forces, and absorb energy from external forces.

In order to solve the above problems, the structural substrate, structural member, and structure of the present invention employ the following measures.
In other words, the structural base material of the present invention comprises a tensile material that is long and elongated in one direction and can bear a tensile force when an external force is transmitted thereto, a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tensile material and are separated and facing each other, a compression section that can bear a compressive force, and a fixing section that fixes the tensile material and the compression section to each other so as to transmit the stress generated in the tensile material to the compression section, and the tensile material is fixed to the block material by the fixing section so that the plurality of block materials are connected to each other.

According to this configuration, the structural base material includes a tensile member, a compression section, and a fixing section, the tensile member is capable of bearing a tensile force when an external force is transmitted thereto, and the compression section is capable of bearing a compressive force. The tensile member is long and elongated along one direction. The compression section has a plurality of blocks arranged along the length direction (one direction) of the tensile member. The plurality of blocks are separate from each other and face each other. The fixing section fixes the tensile member and the compression section to each other, and stress generated in the tensile member is transmitted to the compression section. The fixing section then fixes the tensile member to the block material, connecting the plurality of blocks together.

This results in a structure in which the blocks are relatively rigid, while the gaps between adjacent blocks are not. Since the blocks are separated from each other, unlike conventional reinforced concrete structures, it is not assumed that irreversible destruction of components will occur due to cracks. When an external force is applied, gaps will form between the blocks, allowing tensile stress to be generated in the tensile material. At this time, strain is concentrated in the tensile material located at the gap between the blocks. In addition, the tensile material remains fixed and anchored on both sides of the gap between the blocks. Therefore, the tensile stress generated by the strain is borne (distributed) by all the surrounding tensile materials, and the distributed stress is transmitted to the compression section via the fixed section. This reduces bending stress and shear stress generated in the compression section, improving compression rigidity.

When strain occurs in the tensile material, the tensile material exerts a tensile force. This allows the tensile material to prevent the gap between the blocks from widening or to delay the widening of the gap. In addition, before an excessive tensile force acts on the compression section, the tensile force is borne by the tensile material located at the gap between the blocks, preventing cracks in the blocks. Therefore, even if an earthquake force of a certain magnitude or more acts on the structure, there is no need to repair the cracks, and the structure to which the structural base material is applied can continue to be used.

Since the multiple blocks are separate and face each other, when an external force is applied, each block can move freely, unlike when the compression section is made up of a single member, and the energy from the external force is absorbed.

The tensile stiffness exerted by the tension member is equivalent to the tensile stiffness exerted by the reinforcing bar. Therefore, when the compression section is made of concrete, the tension member compensates for the tensile force that the concrete cannot bear, and the concrete in the compression section compensates for the compressive force that the tension member cannot bear. This makes the structural base material a member that combines elasticity and stiffness.

In the above invention, the tensile material may have a wood material whose fiber direction is parallel to the one direction, and the multiple block materials may be arranged along the one direction on one surface of the wood material.

According to this configuration, the tensile member has a wooden material that is long and elongated along one direction, and the fiber direction of the wooden material is parallel to the length direction (one direction) of the wooden material. The fibers of the wooden material are arranged long along the length direction of the wooden material from one end to the other end of the tensile member. The compression section has a plurality of blocks, and the plurality of blocks are arranged along the length direction (one direction) of the wooden material on one side of the wooden material. Therefore, when the tensile member is fixed to the compression section, the fiber direction of the wooden material of the tensile member is parallel to the arrangement direction of the plurality of blocks. Then, the compression section having the plurality of blocks is integrated with the tensile member having the wooden material, and the block portion is relatively rigid, and the space between the adjacent blocks is not rigid. As a result, when an external force is applied, strain is concentrated in the fibers of the wooden material located at the position of the gap between the blocks. In addition, the fibers of the wooden material remain fixed and fixed on both sides of the gap between the blocks. Therefore, the tensile stress caused by the strain is borne (distributed) by the entire surrounding tensile material and transmitted to the compression part via the fixed part.

In the above invention, the tensile material may be a material that has a larger strain in the elastic region than steel, or may be steel.

In the above invention, the tension member may be a plate-shaped member whose plate surface is arranged along the outer surface of the block material.

In the above invention, the block material may be a hollow rectangular or cubic structure, and may have a plurality of rod-shaped first members provided at positions corresponding to each side of the rectangular or cubic shape, and the first members may be rigidly joined to each other at their ends.

In the above invention, reinforcing bars may be placed inside the first member.

In the above invention, the tension member may be a lattice member, and a plurality of rod-shaped second members constituting the lattice member may be arranged along the first member of the block material.

In the above invention, the tensile member may be a columnar member arranged along the inner surface located inside the hollow structure of the block material.

In the above invention, the fixing portion is a rod-shaped fastening member arranged along the one direction on one surface of the tension member, and the fastening member may have one end fixed to the block material of the compression portion and the other end fixed to the tension member.

In the above invention, the fixing portion may be an adhesive provided between the tension member and the compression portion.

The structural member according to the present invention may include the structural base material described above, and a plate-like member having a thickness shorter than the length of the block material may be installed between two adjacent blocks.

The structural member according to the present invention comprises the structural base material described above, and may further comprise a compression member that is filled inside the plurality of blocks and bears a compressive force.

In the above invention, the compression member may further include a reinforcing bar arranged along the axial direction inside the compression member.

The structure according to the present invention comprises the structural base material described above.

The structure according to the present invention comprises the structural member described above.

The present invention makes it possible to improve compressive rigidity, suppress cracks caused by external forces, and absorb energy from external forces.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structural substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a structural substrate according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structural substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a structural substrate according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural member according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded side view showing a fixing portion of a structural base material according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a fixing portion of a structural substrate according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a structural member according to an embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a state before each unit is assembled. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a structural member according to an embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a state after each unit has been assembled. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the state in which reinforcing bars are placed within the block material after each unit is assembled. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a block material in a structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a modified example of a structural base material according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structural substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a structural member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The structural member 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied to structures such as buildings, civil engineering structures, and utility poles. The structural member 10 is, for example, a beam, a column, a wall, a floor, a foundation, or a pile that constitutes a building. Figures 11 and 12 show the structural member 10 made up of a beam and a column, and the following description will be given of the structural member 10 being a beam or a column.

The structural member 10 comprises a structural base material 1, as described below. The structural base material 1 comprises a tension member 2, a compression section 3 having a plurality of block members 5, and a fixing section 4, as shown in, for example, Figures 1 to 4.

By arranging multiple blocks 5 that are separated from each other and integrating the multiple blocks 5 with the tension members 2, the blocks 5 are relatively rigid, while the gaps between adjacent blocks 5 are not rigid. Since the multiple blocks 5 are separated from each other, unlike conventional reinforced concrete structures, it is not assumed that irreversible destruction of members will occur due to cracks, and when an external force is applied, gaps will be generated between the blocks 5, allowing tensile stress to be generated in the tension members 2. As a result, as shown in Figure 5, when an external force is applied, strain is concentrated in the tension members 2 located at the gaps between the blocks 5. As a result, compared to structural members such as conventional reinforced concrete (RC) and steel concrete (SC) structures in which the entire compression section is integrated, the tension members 2 develop strength early and exhibit tensile rigidity comparable to that of steel bars.

The structural base material 1 can be used as a structural member such as a beam, column, wall, floor, or roof that constitutes a structure, for example, a building.

The structural base material 1 is installed as the structural member 10 itself or as a part of the structural member 10. For example, as in the structural member 10 shown in FIG. 6, the internal space of the block material 5 may be filled with compression members 11, or reinforcing bars 12 may be placed in addition to the compression members 11. Furthermore, the structural base material 1 may be integrated with the compression members 11 as in reinforced concrete construction, and the structural base material 1 may be installed as a part of the structure. This gives the structure integrity, makes the structure have a monocoque structure, and becomes a strong structure. The compression members 11 are structural materials that bear the compressive force acting on the structural member 10, such as concrete, cement, grout, etc. The tensile stiffness of the compression members 11 is small enough to be negligible in structural design. The reinforcing bars 12 are structural materials that bear the tensile force acting on the structural member 10.

The tensile material 2 is elongated in one direction. The tensile material 2 can bear a tensile force when an external force is transmitted to it. The tensile material 2 is, for example, a wood material, a synthetic resin material, a fiber-reinforced concrete, a metal material other than steel, or a steel material, which is a material that has a larger strain in the elastic range than steel. When the tensile material 2 is a wood material, it may be made of one type of dense wood material, or it may be made of multiple wood materials such as plywood, laminated timber, and CLT (Cross Laminated Timber).

The compression section 3 is capable of bearing a compressive force. The compression section 3 has a plurality of block materials 5. That is, the compression section 3, which bears a compressive force in the structural base material 1, is composed of a plurality of block materials 5. The plurality of block materials 5 are arranged along the length direction (one direction) of the tensile member 2 on at least one side of the tensile member 2. The plurality of block materials 5 are separated from each other and face each other. The compression section 3 may be made of a material whose tensile stiffness is so small that it can be ignored in structural design, such as concrete or cement, or may be made of a material that has tensile stiffness, such as fiber-reinforced concrete or concrete with reinforcing bars arranged inside.

The fixing portion 4 fixes the tension member 2 and the compression portion 3 to each other, and transmits the stress generated in the tension member 2 to the compression portion 3. The fixing portion 4 integrates the multiple blocks 5 together. The fixing portion 4 may be a fastening member 8 such as a nail or a bolt (see Figures 7 and 8), or may be an adhesive. The fixing portion 4 may also be a surface portion of the tension member 2 and a surface portion of the compression portion 3 where frictional force acts between the tension member 2 and the compression portion 3, rather than a fastening member 8 or an adhesive (see Example 4 described below).

When an external force is applied, the tension members 2 remain fixed and anchored at both sides of the gap between the block members 5. Therefore, the tensile stress caused by the strain is borne (distributed) by the entire surrounding tension members 2, and the distributed stress is transmitted to the compression member 3 via the fixing member 4. This reduces the bending stress and shear stress generated in the compression member 3, improving the compression rigidity.

When strain occurs in the tensile member 2, the tensile member 2 exerts a tensile force. The tensile force of the tensile member 2 is exerted as a resistance force against the expansion of the gap. As a result, the tensile member 2 can prevent the gap between the blocks 5 from expanding or can delay the expansion of the gap. In addition, before an excessive tensile force acts on the compression section 3, the tensile force is borne by the tensile member 2 located at the position of the gap between the blocks 5, so that cracks in the blocks 5 can be prevented. After an earthquake, the gaps between the adjacent blocks 5 disappear, and the adjacent blocks 5 return to their original state of contact with each other. Therefore, even if an earthquake force of a certain magnitude or more acts, there is no need to repair the cracks, and the structure to which the structural member 10 is applied can continue to be used.

Since the multiple blocks 5 are separate and face each other, when an external force is applied, unlike when the compression section is made up of a single member, each block 5 can move freely and absorb the energy from the external force.

As for the calculation method for the structural member 10, the tensile stress that can be exerted in the tension member 2 on the tension side of the structural member 10 when a strain of, for example, 1% occurs can be regarded as the yield strength of the reinforcing bars in conventional reinforced concrete structures, and calculations can be performed in accordance with conventional methods.

Below is an example of the strength exhibited by the tensile material 2. Wood is used as the tensile material 2. The Young's modulus of wood is 7,000 to 12,000 N/ ^mm2 . The strength exhibited by the tensile material 2 is considered as the tensile stress exhibited when the wood is strained by 1%.

When Young's modulus is multiplied by 1% strain, the tensile stress is 70 to 120 N/ ^mm2 . This tensile stress is considered to be the yield strength of reinforcing bars in conventional reinforced concrete structures. In contrast, the yield strength of reinforcing bars is generally 200 to 400 N/ ^mm2 . In other words, the cross-sectional area of the wood used as the tensile material 2 is approximately three times that of the reinforcing bars, and by securely fixing the tensile material 2 to the block material 5 so that the tensile stress at this time can be guaranteed, the tensile material 2 will have the same strength and rigidity as reinforcing bars. For example, a piece of wood with a cross-sectional area of 280 ^mm2, 7 mm thick and 40 mm wide, is equivalent to three D10 reinforcing bars.

Regarding the adhesive strength between the tension member 2 and the block material 5 to ensure the tensile stress of the wood, we will consider the case where an adhesive is used as the fixing part 4. When an adhesive with an adhesive strength of 2 N/ ^mm2 is used, the adhesive area required to ensure the tensile stress equivalent to three D10 rebars for a tension member ² made of wood with a thickness of 7 mm, width of 40 mm and a cross-sectional area of 280 mm2 is as follows:
Adhesive area = Yield strength x Wood cross-sectional area ÷ Adhesive strength = 360N/mm ² × 280mm ² ÷ 2N/mm ² = 50,400mm ²
If we calculate the required fixing length by dividing this adhesive area by the width of the wood of the tension member 2 (40 mm), the required fixing length becomes 56,000/40 = 1260 mm.

As described above, the tensile stiffness exerted by the tension member 2 can be set to be equivalent to the tensile stiffness exerted by the reinforcing bars. Therefore, when the compression section 3 is made of concrete, the tension member 2 can make up for the tensile force shortage that the concrete cannot bear, and the concrete of the compression section 3 can make up for the compressive force shortage that the tension member 2 cannot bear. This makes the structural member 10 a member that combines elasticity and stiffness.

The rod-shaped members 6 of the blocks 5 in the compression section 3 that are perpendicular to the axial direction of the structural member 10 may be arranged so that reinforcing bars are embedded inside the rod-shaped members 6 when the blocks 5 are manufactured. The blocks 5 may also be manufactured from fiber-reinforced concrete that has a tensile strength that replaces reinforcing bars. This allows the compression section 3 to bear a shear force equivalent to the force borne by the shear reinforcement in conventional reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, the structural member 10 can have the required shear strength without separately installing shear reinforcement (hoop reinforcement, stirrup reinforcement). In this case, the length of the blocks 5 parallel to the axial direction of the structural member 10 is equal to the spacing of the shear reinforcement in conventional reinforced concrete structures.

Examples of the structural substrate 1 and the structural member 10 of this embodiment will be described below.
Example 1
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the tensile member 2 is, for example, a long plate-like member that is long in one direction. The tensile member 2 is installed on the surface of the compression section 3 so that the structural base material 1 can bear the tensile force. The material of the tensile member 2 is wood, synthetic resin, fiber-reinforced composite, metal, or the like. A plurality of block materials 5 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tensile member 2. When the tensile member 2 is wood, it is desirable that the fiber direction of the wood is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tensile member 2. Note that a material that is laminated with the fiber direction of wood perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, such as CLT or plywood, may be used as the tensile member 2.

When the structural member 10 is a column, the tension members 2 are installed on the four faces of the compression section 3, which has a rectangular cross section. When the structural member 10 is a beam, the tension members 2 may be installed only on the bottom face, only on the side faces, or on both the bottom face and the side faces.

The compression section 3 is configured by arranging a plurality of blocks 5 along the longitudinal direction of the tensile material 2 on at least one surface of the tensile material 2. The plate surface of the tensile material 2 is arranged along the outer surface portion of the block material 5. The portions where the blocks 5 contact each other need only be such that a gap is generated when a tensile force is applied, and may or may not be connected by adhesive or the like.

The block material 5 is a hollow rectangular or cubic structure. In this case, the block material 5 has a plurality of rod-shaped members 6 provided at positions corresponding to each side of the rectangular or cubic shape, and the rod-shaped members 6 are rigidly joined to each other at their ends. The rod-shaped members 6 are an example of the first member according to the present invention. As the inside of the block material 5 is hollow, the weight of the entire structural base material 1 can be reduced, and seismic forces can be reduced.

The block material 5 is not limited to the above-mentioned shape. In other words, the present invention can be applied to cases where the structural member 10 has a curved surface such as an arch shape. In such cases, the block material 5 may be a three-dimensional fan shape equipped with curved rod-shaped members. In addition, although the block materials 5 are illustrated in a single row in Figures 1 and 2, multiple rows of block materials 5 may be arranged in parallel in the structural base material 1, and in such a case, tension members 2 may be arranged between the block materials 5 in each row.

When the tensile member 2 and the block material 5 are bonded together by the fixing part 4, which is an adhesive, it is desirable that the surface of the block material 5 is also smooth to match the plate surface of the tensile member 2. The block material 5 is, for example, a precast concrete material produced in a factory. When producing the block material 5, smoothness can be easily ensured by using a steel formwork or the like, and dimensional stability is extremely high and quality control is also easy.

The block material 5 may be a material whose tensile stiffness is so small that it can be ignored in structural design (unreinforced), such as concrete or cement, or may be a material that has tensile stiffness, such as fiber-reinforced concrete or concrete with reinforcing bars arranged inside (reinforced). Even if the block material 5 is unreinforced, it is connected to the tension member 2, so that the tension member 2 can bear the tensile force in the structural base material 1.

7 and 8, the fixing portion 4 includes, for example, a plurality of rod-shaped fixing members 8. The fixing members 8 are, for example, metal members (hardware) that are elongated in one direction. One end of the fixing members 8 is embedded and fixed in the block material 5 of the compression portion 3, and the other end is fixed to the tensile material 2. At the one end embedded in the block material 5, the fixing members 8 are preferably hook-shaped. At the other end fixed to the tensile material 2, the fixing members 8 are preferably barbed like a fish hook or have an uneven surface on the rod-shaped portion. These shapes can prevent the fixing members 8 from being pulled out of the block material 5 and the tensile material 2. When a plurality of fixing members 8 are used as the fixing portion 4, the tensile material 2 may be warped to some extent, since force can be easily and reliably transmitted.

The fixing member 8 is not limited to the above example, and a through nail or bolt may be inserted from the outside of the tension member 2 toward the compression section 3 into the tension member 2 and the compression section 3 so that the head of the through nail or bolt is located on the outside of the tension member 2, or the through nail or bolt may be combined with the fixing member 8. Also, the fixing member 8 may be used in combination with an adhesive in the fixing section 4.

In Example 1, the opening of the block material 5 is closed by the flat tension member 2. As shown in FIG. 6, this flat tension member 2 functions as a formwork when the compression member 11 is filled inside the block material 5. When concrete as the compression member 11 is poured inside the tension member 2, the pressure of the concrete acting on the fixing portion 4 is a distributed force, so formwork support is not required.

The tensile material 2 may also have a finishing material such as wallpaper or tiles pre-installed on its outermost surface, and can also serve as a formwork and finishing board. In this case, the finishing process is unnecessary, as the installation of the tensile material 2 completes the finishing process.

Example 2
3 and 4, the tension member 2 is, for example, a long lattice member that is long in one direction. The material of the tension member 2 is wood, synthetic resin, fiber-reinforced composite material, metal, etc. The compression section 3 and the fixing section 4 can be the same as those in the first embodiment.

The block material 5 has a hollow rectangular or cubic structure, as in Example 1. The tensile material 2 is composed of a plurality of rod-shaped members 7. The rod-shaped members 7 are an example of a second member according to the present invention. The rod-shaped members 7 are arranged along the rod-shaped members 6 of the block material 5. The rod-shaped members 7 of the tensile material 2 are fixed to the rod-shaped members 6 of the block material 5 by the fixing parts 4. When the rod-shaped members 7 of the tensile material 2 are made of wood, it is desirable that the fiber direction of the wood be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rod-shaped members 7.

In Example 2, a flat plate member may be further provided on the outside of the tension member 2 to close the opening of the tension member 2, which is a lattice member. As shown in FIG. 6, this flat plate member functions as a formwork when the compression member 11 is filled inside the block material 5. When concrete as the compression member 11 is poured inside the flat plate member, the pressure of the concrete acting on the fixing portion 4 is a distributed force, so formwork support is not required.

The flat plate-shaped member may also have a finishing material such as wallpaper or tiles pre-installed on its outermost surface, and may also serve as a formwork and finishing board. In this case, the finishing process is unnecessary, as the installation of the flat plate-shaped member completes the finishing process.

Example 3
9 to 11, the structural base material 1 is a single unit in which a compression section 3 having a plurality of blocks 5 and tension members 2 attached to the blocks 5 are integrated in advance. A structural member 10 of any shape can be constructed by connecting a plurality of structural base materials 1 to form a three-dimensional continuous structure.

When reinforcing bars (not shown) are arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the structural member 10 inside the rod-shaped members 6 of the block material 5 such as concrete, the rod-shaped members 6 of the block material 5 in the structural base material 1 correspond to the ties or stirrups of conventional reinforced concrete construction. In this case, there is no need to place separate ties or stirrups in the hollow portion of the block material 5 on-site.

Reinforcing bars 12, which correspond to the main reinforcement bars of reinforced concrete construction, are placed separately in the hollow parts of the block material 5, and as shown in FIG. 5, concrete may be further filled in as compression members 11. Since the tension members 2 bear the tensile force and the compression sections 3 bear the compressive force, the strength can be improved compared to conventional reinforced concrete construction.

When placing reinforcing bars 12 in the hollow portion of the block material 5, as shown in Figures 9 to 11, by forming the tension members 2 into a lattice-shaped structural base material 1, it becomes easier to inspect the main bars assembled on-site and the cover thickness.

The block material 5 is, for example, a precast concrete material produced in a factory. Tensile members 2 are placed on the surface of the block material 5 to produce the structural base material 1. The structural base material 1 is produced in the factory in a shape such as a column, beam, or wall, and then transported to the site.

At the site, the structural base materials 1 are joined together. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, at the connection between the column and the beam, the structural base material 1A located at the end of the column, the structural base material 1B located at the end of the beam, and the structural base material 1C at the intersection of the beams are joined together to form an integrated unit. Methods for joining the structural base materials 1 together include bonding with an adhesive, wrapping a belt-shaped high-strength fiber around them, or wrapping a plate-shaped steel material around them. This makes the connection stronger than conventional wooden structures, improving earthquake resistance.

When the structural base materials 1 are brought in, plate-like members may be installed in advance to cover the openings of the block materials 5 and the tension members 2. If plate-like members cannot be installed in advance, the plate-like members are installed on-site to cover the openings of the block materials 5 and the tension members 2 after the structural base materials 1 are joined together.

At the joints between the structural base materials 1, the parts where the tension members 2 of the structural base materials 1 come into contact may be further integrated with tenons, adhesives, metal fittings, etc. This further strengthens the joints. When the structural base materials 1 are combined in the same way as in wooden buildings, the construction of the structure can be completed in a short period of time, just like wooden buildings.

As shown in FIG. 13, the structural base material 1C at the intersection of the beams may be joined to the structural base material 1A located at the end of another column, or to the structural base material 1B located at the end of a beam, by joining the structural base materials 1 together via a wooden frame 9. This allows the wooden frame 9 to impart flexibility to the connecting portion, facilitating deformation of the structural member 10 and absorbing energy input to the connecting portion.

When the structural base material 1 is combined with reinforced concrete, reinforcing bars are placed inside the blocks 5, and then concrete is poured. This makes the structural member 10 integral and strong, just like conventional reinforced concrete construction. Note that care must be taken to ensure that concrete does not get into the gaps between adjacent blocks 5. Also, by placing reinforcing bars throughout the entire structural member 10, the tensile strength is improved. Furthermore, compared to reinforced concrete construction, the strength borne by the reinforcing bars is reduced, which can also extend the life of the structure.

Because the overall weight of the structure is lighter than that of reinforced concrete construction, the horizontal strength required to withstand an earthquake can also be reduced, making it possible to cut construction costs and reduce the environmental impact.

Example 4
14 to 16, the tension member 2 is, for example, a columnar member that is elongated in one direction and has a rectangular cross section. The tension member 2 is installed inside the block material 5 that constitutes the compression section 3 so that the structural base material 1 can bear the tensile force.

The material of the tensile material 2 may be wood, synthetic resin, fiber-reinforced composite, or metal. A number of block materials 5 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tensile material 2. When the tensile material 2 is wood, it is desirable that the fiber direction of the wood be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tensile material 2. Note that materials that are laminated with the wood fiber direction perpendicular to each other, such as CLT or plywood, may also be used as the tensile material 2.

The compression section 3 is configured by arranging a plurality of blocks 5 on the outer periphery of the tensile material 2 along the longitudinal direction of the tensile material 2. The outer peripheral surface of the tensile material 2 is arranged in contact with the inner surface of the block material 5. The block material 5 has a hollow structure in a rectangular or cubic shape, as in Example 1.

The fixing portion 4 is a surface portion of the tensile material 2 and a surface portion of the compression portion 3 where frictional force acts between the tensile material 2 and the compression portion 3 because the outer peripheral surface of the tensile material 2 and the inner peripheral surface of the block material 5 of the compression portion 3 are in contact with each other. Note that an adhesive may also be used as the fixing portion 4.

It is desirable that the outer peripheral surface of the tensile material 2 has dimensions that match the inner surface of the block material 5 so that the tensile material 2 and the block material 5 are in close contact with each other.

By lining up multiple blocks 5 that are separate from one another and integrating them with tension members 2, the blocks 5 are relatively rigid, while the gaps between adjacent blocks 5 are not. As a result, as shown in Figure 15, when an external force is applied, strain is concentrated in the tension members 2 located in the gaps between the blocks 5. This allows the tension members 2 to develop strength early and exhibit tensile rigidity comparable to that of reinforcing bars, compared to structural members such as conventional reinforced concrete (RC) and steel concrete (SC) structures, in which the entire compression section is integrated.

Conventionally, in wooden structures where beams or columns are made entirely of wood, the elastic range of wood is large, and it was necessary to enlarge the cross section of the beam or column to control deflection. In this embodiment, multiple block materials 5 are integrated with the wood as the tension material 2, which strengthens the compressive force of the beam or column. Therefore, deflection can be reduced without enlarging the cross section of the beam or column.

As shown in FIG. 16, at the connection portion between the pillar and the beam, the block material 5 may be three-dimensionally integrated. At the connection portion, each block material 5 protrudes toward the pillar and the beam, and is connected so as to open toward the pillar and the beam. The tension member 2 located on the beam is inserted into the block material 5 at the connection portion, and the tension member 2 located on the pillar is inserted into the block material 5. In addition, multiple block materials 5 are fitted in sequence around the outer periphery of the tension members 2 of the beam and the pillar, and are arranged along the axial direction.

When an external force acts on the structural member 10, the beam and column are pulled out or deformed, and this force acts at the connection between the beam and column. The block material 5 used in the connection is integrated three-dimensionally, so that the force caused by the beam and column being pulled out or deformed is transmitted to the entire block material 5, fixing part 4, and tension material 2. In conventional wooden structures, metal fittings and tenons in the connection parts connect the column and beam by resisting on one or two sides. In contrast, in the three-dimensionally integrated block material 5, the block material 5 protruding in the beam or column direction resists on four sides each the tension material 2 of the beam or column, and connects the beam and column. This strengthens the rigidity of the connection part between the beam and column compared to conventional wooden structures, and prevents localized damage to the connection part.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the tension member 2 and the compression section 3 are integrated, so that the elastic and tensile forces exerted by the tension member 2, such as wood, are transmitted to the compression section 3, such as concrete, resulting in a structural material that is strong like concrete and elastic like wood.

In this embodiment, the blocks 5 are divided and face each other, so there is no need to assume that the concrete will crack, making the structural members elastic and ensuring high continuity of use after an earthquake.

The blocks 5 in the compression section 3 have a hollow structure, and by using lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete or lightweight non-shrink mortar as the blocks 5, the specific gravity of the concrete portion can be set to about 0.3 to 1.5, making it possible to make the block 5 as heavy as conventional laminated timber or CLT.

When using wood as the tensile member 2, unlike conventional wooden structures, the cross-sectional area of the wood can be reduced by integrating the tensile member 2 with the compression section 3. When sawing wood for the tensile member 2, the smoothness of the adhesive surface is directly related to the quality in conventional laminated timber and CLT. However, in this embodiment, unlike laminated timber and CLT, attention needs to be paid to the smoothness of the wood only at the surface where the tensile member 2 and compression section 3 come into contact with each other. Therefore, the amount of wood that can be utilized can be increased, and the yield of logs can be improved.

When adhesive is used as the fixing portion 4, the block material 5 has an opening, and adhesive only needs to be applied to the rod-shaped portion, allowing the adhesive area to be significantly reduced.

In addition, according to this embodiment, unlike conventional laminated timber and CLT, there is no need for the lamination process or pressure process for bonding each piece of wood with adhesive, making manufacturing simple. The manufacturing process for the tensile material 2 can utilize the manufacturing know-how and manufacturing equipment of conventional laminated timber and CLT, so no new capital investment is required.

1: Structural base material 2: Tension member 3: Compression portion 4: Fixation portion 5: Block material 6: Rod-shaped member 7: Rod-shaped member 8: Fixation member 9: Timber frame 10: Structural member 11: Compression member 12: Steel bar

Claims (4)

A tension member that is long and elongated in one direction and can bear a tensile force when an external force is transmitted thereto;
a compression section having a plurality of blocks arranged along the one direction of the tension member, separated and facing each other, and capable of bearing a compression force;
a fixing portion that fixes the tension member and the compression portion to each other so as to transmit the stress generated in the tension member to the compression portion;
Equipped with
The tension member is a structural base material fixed to the block material by the fixing portion so that the multiple blocks are connected to each other. A structural member comprising the structural substrate according to claim 1. A structure comprising the structural substrate according to claim 1. A structure comprising the structural member according to claim 2.