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JP2024113587A - Microplastics Collection System - Google Patents

Microplastics Collection System Download PDF

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JP2024113587A
JP2024113587A JP2023018680A JP2023018680A JP2024113587A JP 2024113587 A JP2024113587 A JP 2024113587A JP 2023018680 A JP2023018680 A JP 2023018680A JP 2023018680 A JP2023018680 A JP 2023018680A JP 2024113587 A JP2024113587 A JP 2024113587A
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microplastics
environmental water
water
separator
suspended solids
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JP2024113587A5 (en
Inventor
貴仁 井手
Takahito Ide
航平 福田
Kohei Fukuda
繁昌 松木
Shigemasa Matsuki
敦行 真鍋
Atsuyuki Manabe
将之 山田
Masayuki Yamada
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Miura Co Ltd
Mitsui OSK Lines Ltd
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Miura Co Ltd
Mitsui OSK Lines Ltd
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Priority to PCT/JP2023/046359 priority patent/WO2024166568A1/en
Publication of JP2024113587A publication Critical patent/JP2024113587A/en
Publication of JP2024113587A5 publication Critical patent/JP2024113587A5/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/26—Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/30—Control equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
    • B01D36/04—Combinations of filters with settling tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/62—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by hydraulic classifiers, e.g. of launder, tank, spiral or helical chute concentrator type
    • B03B5/64—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by hydraulic classifiers, e.g. of launder, tank, spiral or helical chute concentrator type of the free settling type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Abstract

To provide a microplastic recovery system which is capable of selectively recovering microplastics from water in the environment.SOLUTION: A microplastic recovery system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention involves recovering microplastics from water in the environment, the system being equipped with: a sedimentation/separation apparatus 20 for forming an upward flow in the environmental water, and causing the sedimentation and separation of the heavy fraction of suspended solids from the environmental water; and a filter apparatus 30 for filtering the environmental water from which the heavy fraction of the suspended solids has been removed by the sedimentation/separation apparatus 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、マイクロプラスチック回収システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a microplastics collection system.

プラスチックは海洋ごみのかなりの部分を占め、ますます大きな脅威となりつつある。特にマイクロプラスチック等を含む浮遊汚染物質による海洋の汚染に対処することは、喫緊の課題となっている。一般に、船舶では、冷却用水およびバラスト水として大量の環境水が取水され排水されるものの、環境水に含まれる浮遊汚染物質を効果的に回収し、処理することは行われていない。 Plastics make up a significant portion of marine litter and are becoming an increasingly serious threat. Addressing marine pollution by suspended pollutants, particularly microplastics, is an urgent issue. Generally, ships take in and discharge large amounts of environmental water for use as cooling water and ballast water, but there is no effective method of collecting and treating the suspended pollutants contained in the environmental water.

そこで、船舶に取り入れた環境水をフィルターでろ過し、マイクロプラスチックなどの浮遊汚染物質を回収することが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１）。 Therefore, it has been proposed to filter the environmental water taken into the ship and recover suspended pollutants such as microplastics (for example, Patent Document 1).

特開２０２２－６７７３８号公報JP 2022-67738 A

環境水には、マイクロプラスチック以外にも例えば砂、木材や海藻の破片など自然環境由来の浮遊固形物も含まれている。このような自然由来の浮遊固形物をマイクロプラスチックと共に分離・回収すると、回収される物質量が増加し、処理コストが増大する。このため、本発明は、船舶等に広く適用でき、環境水からマイクロプラスチックを選択的に回収できるマイクロプラスチック回収システムを提供することを目的とする。 In addition to microplastics, environmental water also contains suspended solids derived from the natural environment, such as sand, wood fragments, and seaweed fragments. If such naturally derived suspended solids are separated and collected together with microplastics, the amount of material collected increases, leading to higher processing costs. For this reason, the present invention aims to provide a microplastics collection system that can be widely applied to ships and the like, and that can selectively collect microplastics from environmental water.

本発明の一態様に係るマイクロプラスチック回収システムは、環境水からマイクロプラスチックを回収するマイクロプラスチック回収システムであって、環境水の上昇流を形成し、環境水から重質の浮遊固形物を沈降分離する沈降分離器と、前記沈降分離器により重質の浮遊固形物を除去した環境水をろ過するろ過器とを備える。 The microplastics recovery system according to one embodiment of the present invention is a microplastics recovery system that recovers microplastics from environmental water, and includes a sedimentation separator that forms an upward flow of the environmental water and separates heavy suspended solids from the environmental water by settling them, and a filter that filters the environmental water from which the heavy suspended solids have been removed by the sedimentation separator.

上述のマイクロプラスチック回収システムにおいて、前記沈降分離器における環境水の入口流速は、０．５ｍ／ｓ以上、１．５ｍ／ｓ以下であってもよい。 In the above-mentioned microplastic recovery system, the inlet flow velocity of the environmental water in the sedimentation separator may be 0.5 m/s or more and 1.5 m/s or less.

上述のマイクロプラスチック回収システムにおいて、前記沈降分離器は、螺旋状の環境水の上昇流を形成してもよい。 In the above-mentioned microplastics recovery system, the sedimentation separator may form a spiral upward flow of environmental water.

上述のマイクロプラスチック回収システムは、前記沈降分離器の上流側に、環境水を、浮遊固形物の濃度を低下させた環境水と浮遊固形物の濃度を上昇させた環境水とに分離する一次分離器をさらに備え、前記沈降分離器には、前記一次分離器から流出する浮遊固形物の濃度を上昇させた環境水が導入されてもよい。 The above-mentioned microplastic recovery system further includes a primary separator upstream of the settling separator that separates the environmental water into environmental water with a reduced concentration of suspended solids and environmental water with an increased concentration of suspended solids, and the environmental water with an increased concentration of suspended solids flowing out from the primary separator may be introduced into the settling separator.

上述のマイクロプラスチック回収システムにおいて、前記沈降分離器の環境水の入口よりも下方から浮遊固形物の重質画分を排出してもよい。 In the above-mentioned microplastic recovery system, the heavy fraction of suspended solids may be discharged from below the environmental water inlet of the sedimentation separator.

本発明によれば、船舶等に広く適用でき、環境水からマイクロプラスチックを選択的に回収できるマイクロプラスチック回収システムを提供できる。 The present invention provides a microplastics recovery system that can be widely applied to ships and other vessels and can selectively recover microplastics from environmental waters.

本発明の第１実施形態に係るマイクロプラスチック回収システムの構成を示す模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a microplastics recovery system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係るマイクロプラスチック回収システム１の構成を示す模式図である。 Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a microplastics collection system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

マイクロプラスチック回収システム１は、環境水（海水、河川水、湖沼水等）からマイクロプラスチックを除去して回収するマイクロプラスチック回収システムである。マイクロプラスチック回収システム１は、環境水を取り込んで、例えばバラストタンク、冷却装置等の需要設備に導入する経路に設けられてもよく、需要設備から使用済みの環境水を環境に放出する経路に設けられてもよい。 The microplastic recovery system 1 is a microplastic recovery system that removes and recovers microplastics from environmental water (seawater, river water, lake water, etc.). The microplastic recovery system 1 may be installed in a pathway that takes in environmental water and introduces it to demand equipment such as a ballast tank or cooling device, or it may be installed in a pathway that discharges used environmental water from the demand equipment into the environment.

マイクロプラスチック回収システム１は、環境水（原水）を、浮遊固形物の濃度を低下させた環境水（低濃度水）と浮遊固形物の濃度を上昇させた環境水（高濃度水）とに分離する一次分離器１０と、環境水（高濃度水）の上昇流を形成し、環境水から浮遊固形物の重質画分（沈降速度が大きい浮遊固形物）を沈降分離し、浮遊固形物の軽質画分を含む中間処理水を流出させる沈降分離器２０と、沈降分離器２０により浮遊固形物の重質画分を除去した環境水（中間処理水）をろ過するろ過器３０とを備える。 The microplastics recovery system 1 is equipped with a primary separator 10 that separates environmental water (raw water) into environmental water (low-concentration water) with a reduced concentration of suspended solids and environmental water (high-concentration water) with an increased concentration of suspended solids, a sedimentation separator 20 that forms an upward flow of the environmental water (high-concentration water), separates the heavy fraction of suspended solids (suspended solids with a high settling rate) from the environmental water by settling, and discharges intermediate treated water containing the light fraction of suspended solids, and a filter 30 that filters the environmental water (intermediate treated water) from which the heavy fraction of suspended solids has been removed by the sedimentation separator 20.

これらの構成要素を機能させるために、マイクロプラスチック回収システム１は、環境水を一次分離器１０に供給する一次供給ライン４０と、一次分離器１０から流出する高濃度水を沈降分離器２０に導入する二次供給ライン５０と、一次分離器１０から流出する低濃度水を系外に導出する主排出ライン６０と、沈降分離器２０を通過した中間処理水をろ過器３０に導入する中間ライン７０と、ろ過器３０を通過したろ過水を導出するろ過水ライン８０と、沈降分離器２０の下部から重質画分を系外に排出するスラッジ排出ライン９０と、二次供給ライン５０から高濃度水を主排出ライン６０またはろ過水ライン８０に流出させるバイパスライン１００と、を備える。 To make these components function, the microplastic recovery system 1 includes a primary supply line 40 that supplies environmental water to the primary separator 10, a secondary supply line 50 that introduces the high-concentration water flowing out of the primary separator 10 into the settling separator 20, a main discharge line 60 that discharges the low-concentration water flowing out of the primary separator 10 to the outside of the system, an intermediate line 70 that introduces the intermediate treated water that has passed through the settling separator 20 to the filter 30, a filtrate line 80 that discharges the filtrate that has passed through the filter 30, a sludge discharge line 90 that discharges the heavy fraction from the bottom of the settling separator 20 to the outside of the system, and a bypass line 100 that discharges the high-concentration water from the secondary supply line 50 to the main discharge line 60 or the filtrate line 80.

一次分離器１０は、例えば流路構成により旋回流を形成して被処理水に遠心力を作用させるサイクロン分離器、モータの回転により被処理水に遠心力を作用させる連続遠心分離機、分離膜を用いて低濃度水と高濃度水とに分離する分離装置等が用いられ得る。図１において、一次分離器１０は、サイクロン分離器が企図されている。 The primary separator 10 may be, for example, a cyclone separator that uses a flow path configuration to form a swirling flow and apply centrifugal force to the water being treated, a continuous centrifuge that applies centrifugal force to the water being treated by rotating a motor, or a separation device that separates the water into low-concentration water and high-concentration water using a separation membrane. In FIG. 1, the primary separator 10 is intended to be a cyclone separator.

沈降分離器２０は、マイクロプラスチックの沈降速度よりも高速な上昇流を形成し、例えば砂等のマイクロプラスチックよりも沈降速度が大きい浮遊固形物の重質画分を沈降させ、沈降速度が低い浮遊固形物の軽質画分を流出させる。つまり、沈降分離器２０は、一次分離器１０から流出する高濃度水から重質画分を除去し、ここで、浮遊固形物は比重、形状、大きさにより水流から受ける影響が異なる。例えば、同じ比重であっても板状固体は塊状固体より水流の影響を強く受け、水流に同伴されやすい。上昇流による沈降分離器２０は、マイクロプラスチックが上昇流に同伴されやすいことで単なる比重分離或いは単なる沈降分離に比べてマイクロプラスチックと土壌粒子等とを効果的に分離することができる。 The sedimentation separator 20 forms an upward flow faster than the settling velocity of microplastics, for example, by allowing the heavy fraction of suspended solids such as sand, which has a higher settling velocity than microplastics, to settle, and allows the light fraction of suspended solids, which has a lower settling velocity, to flow out. In other words, the sedimentation separator 20 removes the heavy fraction from the high-concentration water flowing out of the primary separator 10, and here, the suspended solids are affected by the water flow differently depending on their specific gravity, shape, and size. For example, even if they have the same specific gravity, plate-shaped solids are more strongly affected by the water flow than lump-shaped solids, and are more likely to be entrained by the water flow. The upward flow sedimentation separator 20 can separate microplastics from soil particles, etc. more effectively than simple specific gravity separation or simple sedimentation separation, because microplastics are more likely to be entrained by the upward flow.

沈降分離器２０は、螺旋状の環境水の上昇流を形成することが好ましい。円周方向の流れを形成することで、直線的な上昇流の場合に存在する壁面付近での粒子の脱落を抑制できる。これにより、環境水の滞留時間のバラツキを抑制し、浮遊固形物の分離効果を高めることができる。沈降分離器２０における環境水の入口流速としては、０．５ｍ／ｓ以上、１．５ｍ／ｓ以下が好ましい。例として、沈降分離器２０の入口部を呼び径２５Ａ、沈降分離器２０の本体を呼び径１００Ａのパイプで形成する場合、上向き成分の流速は、０．０４２ｍ／ｓから０．０８５ｍ／ｓの間となる。このような旋回成分を含む上昇流を形成することによって、重力に加えて水流によって浮遊固形物を分離する効果が得られる。 The sedimentation separator 20 preferably forms a spiral upward flow of environmental water. By forming a circumferential flow, it is possible to suppress the falling off of particles near the wall surface that occurs in the case of a linear upward flow. This suppresses the variation in the residence time of the environmental water and improves the separation effect of suspended solids. The inlet flow velocity of the environmental water in the sedimentation separator 20 is preferably 0.5 m/s or more and 1.5 m/s or less. For example, if the inlet part of the sedimentation separator 20 is formed of a pipe with a nominal diameter of 25 A and the main body of the sedimentation separator 20 is formed of a pipe with a nominal diameter of 100 A, the flow velocity of the upward component will be between 0.042 m/s and 0.085 m/s. By forming an upward flow including such a swirling component, it is possible to obtain the effect of separating suspended solids by the water flow in addition to gravity.

ろ過器３０は、中間処理水中の浮遊固形物を捕集する。ろ過器３０としては、例えばバケット型の濾材を有するストレーナ、カートリッジフィルター等、捕集した浮遊固形物を容易に回収できるような構成を有することが好ましい。マイクロプラスチック回収システム１は、運転を継続しながらろ過器３０のろ材の交換を行うことができるよう、並列に配設される複数のろ過器３０を備えてもよい。また、フィルターを逆洗するタイプのろ過器と、その逆洗水から浮遊固形物をろ過するカートリッジフィルターとを組み合わせてもよい。ろ過器３０またはその前後の流路はろ過器３０の閉塞を検出するために差圧計３１を有する。ろ過器３０の閉塞の検出は、バイパスライン１００の使用の必要性を判定に用いられてもよい。 The filter 30 collects suspended solids in the intermediate treatment water. The filter 30 is preferably configured to easily recover the collected suspended solids, such as a strainer with a bucket-shaped filter medium, a cartridge filter, etc. The microplastic recovery system 1 may include multiple filters 30 arranged in parallel so that the filter medium of the filter 30 can be replaced while continuing operation. In addition, a filter of a type that backwashes the filter may be combined with a cartridge filter that filters suspended solids from the backwash water. The filter 30 or the flow paths before and after it have a differential pressure gauge 31 to detect blockage of the filter 30. Detection of blockage of the filter 30 may be used to determine the need to use the bypass line 100.

一次供給ライン４０は、一次分離器１０に環境水を供給する。一次供給ライン４０には、必要に応じて、例えば不図示のポンプ、流量計、圧力計、バルブ等の機器が設けられてもよい。 The primary supply line 40 supplies environmental water to the primary separator 10. The primary supply line 40 may be provided with equipment such as a pump, a flow meter, a pressure gauge, and a valve (not shown) as necessary.

二次供給ライン５０は、一次分離器１０から流出する高濃度水を沈降分離器２０に導入するよう構成される。二次供給ライン５０は、一次分離器１０からの高濃度水の流出量を遮断する遮断弁５１を有する構成とされ得る。 The secondary supply line 50 is configured to introduce the concentrated water flowing out from the primary separator 10 into the settling separator 20. The secondary supply line 50 may be configured to have a shutoff valve 51 that shuts off the amount of concentrated water flowing out from the primary separator 10.

主排出ライン６０は、一次分離器１０から流出する低濃度水を導出する。サイクロン分離器からなる一次分離器１０は、閉塞することがなく、常時、主排出ライン６０に浮遊固形物の濃度を低下させた環境水を流出させられる。 The main discharge line 60 discharges the low-concentration water that flows out of the primary separator 10. The primary separator 10, which is a cyclone separator, does not become clogged and can always discharge environmental water with a reduced concentration of suspended solids into the main discharge line 60.

中間ライン７０は、沈降分離器２０で高濃度水から浮遊固形物の重質画分が除去され、浮遊固形物中のマイクロプラスチックの比率を高めた中間処理水をろ過器３０に導入する。中間ライン７０は、ろ過器３０のメンテナンスのために流路を遮断する遮断弁７１を有することが好ましい。 The intermediate line 70 introduces intermediate treated water, which has had the heavy fraction of suspended solids removed from the concentrated water in the settling separator 20 and has an increased ratio of microplastics in the suspended solids, into the filter 30. The intermediate line 70 preferably has a shutoff valve 71 that shuts off the flow path for maintenance of the filter 30.

ろ過水ライン８０は、本実施形態では、ろ過器３０において浮遊固形物が除去されたろ過水を主排出ライン６０に導入するが、ろ過水を別途系外に排出してもよい。例として、ろ過水ライン８０は加圧ポンプ（図示せず）を備え、ろ過水を主排出ライン６０に導入するよう構成されてもよい。また、主排出ライン６０は環境水を需要設備に供給し、ろ過水ライン８０は、ろ過水を系外に排出するよう構成されてもよい。二次供給ライン５０は、ろ過器３０からのろ過水の流出量、ひいては一次分離器１０からの高濃度水の流出量および沈降分離器２０からの中間処理水の流出量を調整する調整弁８１を有することが好ましい。 In this embodiment, the filtrate line 80 introduces the filtrate from which suspended solids have been removed in the filter 30 into the main discharge line 60, but the filtrate may also be discharged separately outside the system. For example, the filtrate line 80 may be equipped with a pressure pump (not shown) and configured to introduce the filtrate into the main discharge line 60. Alternatively, the main discharge line 60 may supply environmental water to a demand facility, and the filtrate line 80 may be configured to discharge the filtrate outside the system. The secondary supply line 50 preferably has an adjustment valve 81 that adjusts the amount of filtrate outflowing from the filter 30, and thus the amount of concentrated water outflowing from the primary separator 10 and the amount of intermediate treated water outflowing from the sedimentation separator 20.

スラッジ排出ライン９０は、沈降分離器２０の環境水の入口よりも下方から、沈降した浮遊固形物の重質画分を少量の排水と共に排出する。スラッジ排出ライン９０は、浮遊固形物を含む環境水の排出量を調整するために調整弁９１を有してもよい。スラッジ排出ライン９０は、間欠的に浮遊固形物の重質画分を排出してもよく、沈降分離器２０から中間ライン７０に排出される環境水の流量に対して十分に小さい流量で連続的に重質画分を含む排水を排出してもよい。スラッジ排出ライン９０から排出される重質画分は、産業廃棄物として処理されてもよいが、砂等を主体とすると考えられるため環境に放出してもよい。スラッジ排出ライン９０により、沈降分離器２０の底部から浮遊固形物の重質画分を排出することで、沈降分離器２０の分離能力の低下を防止できる。 The sludge discharge line 90 discharges the heavy fraction of the settled suspended solids together with a small amount of wastewater from below the inlet of the environmental water of the settling separator 20. The sludge discharge line 90 may have an adjustment valve 91 to adjust the discharge amount of the environmental water containing the suspended solids. The sludge discharge line 90 may discharge the heavy fraction of the suspended solids intermittently, or may continuously discharge wastewater containing the heavy fraction at a flow rate sufficiently small compared to the flow rate of the environmental water discharged from the settling separator 20 to the intermediate line 70. The heavy fraction discharged from the sludge discharge line 90 may be treated as industrial waste, but may also be discharged into the environment since it is considered to be mainly composed of sand, etc. By discharging the heavy fraction of the suspended solids from the bottom of the settling separator 20 through the sludge discharge line 90, a decrease in the separation capacity of the settling separator 20 can be prevented.

バイパスライン１００は、ろ過器３０の閉塞時や、ろ過器３０から浮遊固形物を回収する作業を行う間、一次分離器１０から流出する高濃度水を二次供給ライン５０からろ過水ライン８０に直接流出させる。図示する実施形態において、バイパスライン１００は、差圧計３１が所定の圧力を検出したときに開放される自動弁１０１を有する。これにより、ろ過器３０の閉塞を自動的に検知し、フィルター交換等の必要な作業を行うことができる。なお、一次分離器１０を通さずに一次供給ライン４０から主排出ライン６０に環境水を直接流入させることもできるが、二次供給ライン５０にバイパスライン１００を設けることで、比較的小径の配管によりバイパスライン１００を構成できる。 When the filter 30 is clogged or while the suspended solids are being collected from the filter 30, the bypass line 100 allows the high-concentration water flowing out from the primary separator 10 to flow directly from the secondary supply line 50 to the filtrate line 80. In the illustrated embodiment, the bypass line 100 has an automatic valve 101 that opens when the differential pressure gauge 31 detects a predetermined pressure. This allows the filter 30 to be automatically detected as clogged and necessary work such as filter replacement to be performed. Note that environmental water can also be directly flowed from the primary supply line 40 to the main discharge line 60 without passing through the primary separator 10, but by providing the bypass line 100 to the secondary supply line 50, the bypass line 100 can be configured using piping with a relatively small diameter.

マイクロプラスチック回収システム１では、沈降分離器２０により砂等の浮遊固形物の重質画分を沈降分離してからろ過器３０によりろ過することで、ろ過器３０において回収される浮遊固形物におけるマイクロプラスチックの割合を高めることができる。これにより、ろ過器３０の負荷を軽減し閉塞を抑制できるので、環境水からマイクロプラスチックを効率的に回収できる。 In the microplastics recovery system 1, the heavy fraction of suspended solids such as sand is separated by settling using the sedimentation separator 20, and then filtered using the filter 30, thereby increasing the proportion of microplastics in the suspended solids recovered by the filter 30. This reduces the load on the filter 30 and suppresses clogging, allowing microplastics to be efficiently recovered from environmental water.

さらに、マイクロプラスチック回収システム１は、沈降分離器の上流側に一次分離器１０をそなえるため、一次分離器１０において環境水をマイクロプラスチックの含有量が小さい低濃度水とマイクロプラスチックの含有量が大きい高濃度水とに分離する一次処理を行うことができる。これにより、マイクロプラスチックの含有量が大きい高濃度水は環境水と比べて大幅に減容（例えば環境水量の５％以下）されるので、環境水の処理量に比して沈降分離器２０を小型化することができ、システム全体のコストを低減できる。また、沈降分離器、ろ過器、或いはそれらを連結する配管で閉塞等が発生した場合でも、環境水への影響を抑制できる。 Furthermore, since the microplastic recovery system 1 is equipped with a primary separator 10 upstream of the settling separator, primary treatment can be performed in the primary separator 10 to separate environmental water into low-concentration water with a low microplastic content and high-concentration water with a high microplastic content. As a result, the volume of the high-concentration water with a high microplastic content is significantly reduced compared to the environmental water (for example, 5% or less of the environmental water volume), so the settling separator 20 can be made smaller compared to the amount of environmental water to be treated, and the cost of the entire system can be reduced. Furthermore, even if a blockage occurs in the settling separator, filter, or the piping connecting them, the impact on the environmental water can be suppressed.

以上、本発明の各実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されることなく、種々の変更および変形が可能である。例として、マイクロプラスチック回収システム１は、一次分離器、一次供給ラインおよび主排出ラインを備えていなくてもよい。また、マイクロプラスチック回収システム１において、バイパスラインも手動で切り替えるなど任意の構成である。 Although each embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible. For example, the microplastics recovery system 1 does not need to include a primary separator, a primary supply line, and a main discharge line. In addition, the microplastics recovery system 1 may have any configuration, such as being manually switched over the bypass line.

１ マイクロプラスチック回収システム
１０ 一次分離器
２０ 沈降分離器
３０ ろ過器
３１ 差圧計
４０ 一次供給ライン
５０ 二次供給ライン
５１ 遮断弁
６０ 主排出ライン
７０ 中間ライン
７１ 遮断弁
８０ ろ過水ライン
８１ 調整弁
９０ スラッジ排出ライン
９１ 調整弁
１００ バイパスライン
１０１ 自動弁 1 Microplastic recovery system 10 Primary separator 20 Sedimentation separator 30 Filter 31 Differential pressure gauge 40 Primary supply line 50 Secondary supply line 51 Shutoff valve 60 Main discharge line 70 Intermediate line 71 Shutoff valve 80 Filtrate water line 81 Regulating valve 90 Sludge discharge line 91 Regulating valve 100 Bypass line 101 Automatic valve

Claims (5)

環境水からマイクロプラスチックを回収するマイクロプラスチック回収システムであって、
環境水の上昇流を形成し、環境水から浮遊固形物の重質画分を沈降分離する沈降分離器と、
前記沈降分離器により浮遊固形物の重質画分を除去した環境水をろ過するろ過器と、
を備える、マイクロプラスチック回収システム。 A microplastics recovery system for recovering microplastics from environmental water, comprising:
a sedimentation separator that forms an upward flow of the environmental water and separates a heavy fraction of suspended solids from the environmental water by sedimentation;
a filter for filtering the environmental water from which the heavy fraction of suspended solids has been removed by the sedimentation separator;
A microplastics collection system comprising: 前記沈降分離器における環境水の入口流速は、０．５ｍ／ｓ以上、１．５ｍ／ｓ以下である請求項１に記載のマイクロプラスチック回収システム。 The microplastics recovery system according to claim 1, wherein the inlet flow velocity of the environmental water in the sedimentation separator is 0.5 m/s or more and 1.5 m/s or less. 前記沈降分離器は、螺旋状の環境水の上昇流を形成する、請求項１または２に記載のマイクロプラスチック回収システム。 The microplastics recovery system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sedimentation separator forms a spiral upward flow of environmental water. 前記沈降分離器の上流側に、環境水を、浮遊固形物の濃度を低下させた環境水と浮遊固形物の濃度を上昇させた環境水とに分離する一次分離器をさらに備え、
前記沈降分離器には、前記一次分離器から流出する浮遊固形物の濃度を上昇させた環境水が導入される、請求項１または２に記載のマイクロプラスチック回収システム。 The system further includes a primary separator upstream of the settling separator for separating the environmental water into environmental water having a reduced concentration of suspended solids and environmental water having an increased concentration of suspended solids,
The microplastics recovery system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein environmental water having an increased concentration of suspended solids flowing out from the primary separator is introduced into the sedimentation separator. 前記沈降分離器の環境水の入口よりも下方から浮遊固形物の重質画分を排出する排出ラインを備える、請求項１または２に記載のマイクロプラスチック回収システム。 The microplastics recovery system according to claim 1 or 2, which is provided with a discharge line for discharging a heavy fraction of suspended solids from below the environmental water inlet of the sedimentation separator.
JP2023018680A 2023-02-09 2023-02-09 Microplastics Collection System Pending JP2024113587A (en)

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