JP2023524700A - 正極スクラップを用いた活物質の再使用方法 - Google Patents
正極スクラップを用いた活物質の再使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023524700A JP2023524700A JP2022566240A JP2022566240A JP2023524700A JP 2023524700 A JP2023524700 A JP 2023524700A JP 2022566240 A JP2022566240 A JP 2022566240A JP 2022566240 A JP2022566240 A JP 2022566240A JP 2023524700 A JP2023524700 A JP 2023524700A
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- lithium
- positive electrode
- reusing
- material layer
- Prior art date
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Links
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 46
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004412 Bulk moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910003005 LiNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 etc. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical group [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002993 LiMnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical class [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MORCTKJOZRLKHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxoboron Chemical compound [Li].O=[B] MORCTKJOZRLKHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical class [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni] ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010887 waste solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element
- C01G51/42—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図3は、本発明の実験例による各段階別の結果物の写真である。
正極スクラップとしてNCMリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物からなる正極活物質を用いたものと、LCO活物質を用いたものを準備した。本発明による活物質の再使用方法のうち乾式粉砕段階を行って粉末形態の活物質を分離した後、熱処理を550℃の空気中で30分間行った。その後、一部に対しては本発明による活物質の再使用方法のうちの洗浄を行うためにLiOH水溶液に10分間浸漬し、他の一部は洗浄しなかった。活物質中のLi/金属モル比及び残存LiFの含量を調べるためにF残存量の分析を行い、その結果を表1に示した。
正極スクラップとしてNCMリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物:導電材であるカーボンブラック:バインダーであるPVdF=96.25:1.5:2.25の組成を有する正極スクラップを準備した。
下記の実施例及び比較例のような方法で各々正極活物質を準備し、電気化学性能を評価した。実施例及び比較例から各々回収するか、または準備した正極活物質を96.25wt%、導電材であるカーボンブラックは1.5wt%、バインダーであるPVdFは2.25wt%を秤量してNMPに混合してスラリーを作って正極を製造した後、セル(Coin Half Cell,CHC)を製造し、電気化学性能を評価した。電圧は3~4.3V条件にし、初期フォーメーション(formation)充放電は0.1C/0.1Cで行った。セルを構成する電解液は、カーボネート系であって、エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)=3:7にし、添加剤が一部入っているものを使用した。放電条件は、0.5C/1Cと0.5C/2Cを用いた。
下記の実施例及び比較例のような方法で各々正極活物質を準備し、電気化学性能を評価した。
上述したような本発明の活物質の再使用方法によって再使用活物質を収去した。NCM系リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物である活物質を有する正極板を打ち抜けた後に捨てられる正極スクラップを準備し、段階S20、段階S25を共に行って粉末形態の活物質層を得た。段階30で熱処理を550℃の空気中で30分間行った。段階S40で、洗浄をLiOHを用いて10分間行った。段階S50では、原材料活物質中のリチウムと他の金属とのモル比(ICP分析)を基準にして、工程中にリチウムを0.09モル比でさらに添加できる量のリチウム前駆体(Li2CO3)を投入し、750℃で15時間アニーリングした。理論上、フラッシュな活物質の場合、リチウムと他の金属とのモル比が1:1であるが、これを確認する装備であるICP装備の平均誤差が±0.05、望ましくは、±0.02程度であるため、ICP測定による原材料活物質のリチウムと他の金属とのモル比が1±0.05:1になり得る。本実験においては、ICP分析からその分析割合を基準にしてリチウム前駆体を添加した。
実施例3に加え、段階S60の活物質の表面保護層の回復工程も行った。
再使用活物質ではなく、フレッシュなNCM系リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物を使用した。
上述したように本発明の活物質の再使用方法のうち段階S30の熱処理のみを行い、バインダー、導電材を除去した。本発明の活物質の再使用方法のうち段階S25を行わなかったため、段階S30を行う間にAl集電体が分離された。段階S30は、実施例3と同じ条件で行った。本発明の活物質の再使用方法のうち段階S40の表面改質と、段階S50の結晶構造回復及び段階S60の表面コーティング工程は行わなかった。
比較例7に加え、上述したような本発明の活物質再使用方法のうち、段階S40の表面改質までをさらに行って活物質を収去した。即ち、表面改質は行うが、本発明の活物質再使用方法のうち段階S50の結晶構造回復及び段階S60の表面コーティング工程は行わなかった。段階S40は、実施例3と同じ条件で行った。
比較例7に加え、上述したような本発明の活物質再使用方法のうち、段階S40の表面改質は行わず、段階S50の結晶構造回復までのみを行ってNCM系リチウム複合遷移金属酸化物である活物質を収去した。結晶構造回復のためのアニーリング時には、実施例3とは異なり、リチウム前駆体を添加せず行った。
実施例3と同様に、段階S30、S40及びS50までのみを行った。但し、段階S25は行わなかった。結晶構造回復のためのアニーリング時には、実施例3と異なり、リチウム前駆体を添加せず行った。
20 正極活物質層
30 正極シート
40 正極板
50 正極スクラップ
Claims (15)
- (a-1)集電体上のリチウム複合遷移金属酸化物からなる正極活物質層を含む正極スクラップを乾式粉砕して前記活物質層を粉末形態で脱離して前記集電体と分離する段階と、
(a-2)粉末形態で脱離した前記活物質層を空気中で熱処理して前記活物質層中のバインダーと導電材を熱分解することで活物質を回収する段階と、
(b)回収された活物質を水溶液状態で塩基性を示すリチウム化合物水溶液で洗浄して乾燥する段階と、
(c)洗浄された活物質にリチウム前駆体を添加してアニーリングして再使用可能な活物質を得る段階と、を含む、正極活物質の再使用方法。 - (d)アニーリングされた活物質に表面コーティングする段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記乾式粉砕は、ピンミル、ディスクミル、カッティングミル及びハンマーミルのいずれか一つを用いることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記乾式粉砕する前、前記正極スクラップをシュレッディングまたはカッティングする段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記熱処理は、300~1,000℃で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム化合物水溶液は、0%超過15%以下のリチウム前駆体を含むように製造され、前記洗浄は1時間以内に行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記洗浄は、前記回収された活物質を前記リチウム化合物水溶液に含浸すると共に攪拌して行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆体は、LiOH、Li2CO3、LiNO3及びLi2Oのいずれか一つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆体を、前記活物質層に使用された原材料活物質中のリチウムと他の金属との割合に対し、損失されたリチウムの割合分を補い得る量で添加することを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆体を、リチウム添加量が0.001~0.4モル比となる量で添加することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記リチウム前駆体は、リチウムと他の金属とのモル比を1:1基準にして、リチウムを0.0001~0.1モル比となる量でさらに添加することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記アニーリングを400~1,000℃の空気中で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記アニーリングの段階の温度は、前記リチウム前駆体の融点を超過する温度であることを特徴とする、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記表面コーティングの段階は、金属、有機金属及び炭素成分のいずれか一種以上を固相または液相方式で表面にコーティングした後、100~1,200℃で熱処理することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
- 前記再使用可能な活物質は、下記の化学式1で表されることを特徴とする、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質の再使用方法。
LiaNixMnyCozMwO2+δ (化学式1)
(前記化学式1において、Mは、B、W、Al、Ti及びMgからなる群より選択される一種以上を含み、1<a≦1.1、0≦x<0.95、0≦y<0.8、0≦z<1.0、0≦w≦0.1、-0.02≦δ≦0.02、x+y+z+w=1である。)
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