JP2023506375A - 選択性、活性及び耐毒性を改善するための区分化アンモニアスリップ触媒 - Google Patents
選択性、活性及び耐毒性を改善するための区分化アンモニアスリップ触媒 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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Abstract
Description
第1の触媒領域は、約250℃未満、約200℃未満又は約150℃未満などの低温での完全な酸化を含む、NH3をNOx及びH2Oに完全に酸化することができる。第1のPGMは、Pt、又はPtとPdとの組合せとすることができる。好ましくは、第1のPGMはPtである。ある種の実施形態では、第1の触媒領域は、第1の触媒領域に存在する貴金属の総重量に基づき、少なくとも約30重量パーセント、少なくとも約50重量パーセント、少なくとも約60重量パーセント、少なくとも約75重量パーセント又は少なくとも約90重量パーセントのPtを含有することができる。
アンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体表面における第2のPGMと第1のSCR触媒との組合せは、(a)アンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体表面における第2のPGMと第1のSCR触媒とのブレンド、又は(b)第1のSCR触媒を含む上部層及びアンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体表面における第2のPGMを含む底部層を有する二層であって、底部層が基材表面に位置することができる二層、のどちらか一方である。好ましくは、第2の触媒領域は、アンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体表面における第2のPGMと第1のSCR触媒とのブレンドである。
さまざまな実施形態では、本組成物は、1種、2種又は3種のSCR触媒を含むことができる。本組成物中に常に存在する、第1のSCR触媒は、(1)アンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体表面におけるPtとのブレンド中に存在する、又は(2)触媒が二層中に存在し、Ptが底部層中に存在する場合、上部層中に存在する、のどちらか一方とすることができる。第1のSCR触媒は、第1の遷移金属及び第1のモレキュラーシーブを含むことができる。第1の遷移金属は、Cu、Fe、Mn又はそれらの組合せとすることができる。第1のSCR触媒は、好ましくはCu-SCR触媒又はFe-SCR触媒、より好ましくはCu-SCR触媒である。Cu-SCR触媒は、銅及びモレキュラーシーブを含む。Fe-SCR触媒は、鉄及びモレキュラーシーブを含む。モレキュラーシーブは、以下に更に記載されている。モレキュラーシーブは、アルミノケイ酸塩、アルミノリン酸塩(AlPO)、シリコ-アルミノリン酸塩(SAPO)、又はそれらの混合物とすることができる。銅又は鉄は、モレキュラーシーブの骨格内、及び/又はモレキュラーシーブ内部の骨格外(交換可能)部位に位置することができる。
一部の実施形態では、本発明の触媒物品は、第3の触媒領域を更に含むことができる。第3の触媒領域は、第2のSCR触媒とすることができる。第2のSCR触媒は、上記の第1のSCR触媒と同じとすることができる。代替的に、第2のSCR触媒は、第1のSCR触媒と異なり得る。
一部の実施形態では、本発明の触媒物品は、第4の触媒領域を更に含むことができる。第4の触媒領域は、第3のSCR触媒とすることができる。第3のSCR触媒は、上記の第1及び/又は第2のSCR触媒と同じとすることができるか、又はこれらと異なることができる。
(1) SCR+ASC+DPF+本発明の触媒物品
(2) SCR+本発明の触媒物品+DPF+SCR ASC
(3) DOC/PNA又はLNT>DPF>SCR>本発明の触媒物品
アルミナ上のPtのウォッシュコートを含む底部層を、セラミック製基材の前面に適用した。このウォッシュコートを、真空を使用して基材の長さの約50%の距離まで、真空を使用して基材から引き下げた。物品を乾燥し、ブリック全体が小さな重なり領域を有する底部層でコーティングされるようにするため、プロセスをブリックの後部にも繰り返した。このブリックを約1時間、約500℃で焼成した。この物品表面のPt及びアルミナの担持量は、それぞれ、2g/ft3及び0.35g/in3であった。
アルミナ上のPtのウォッシュコートを含む層を、セラミック製基材の後面に適用した。このウォッシュコートを、真空を使用して基材の長さの約70%の距離まで、真空を使用して基材から引き下げた。この物品を乾燥して、約1時間、約500℃で焼成した。この物品表面のPt及びアルミナの担持量は、それぞれ、1g/ft3及び0.35g/in3であった。
比較例触媒3は、Pt担持量を除いて、比較例触媒1と同じ方法で作製した。底部層における比較例触媒3のPt担持量は、3g/ft3であった。
触媒4は、Pt担持量を除いて、触媒2と同じ方法で作製した。底部層に関するPt担持量(アルミナ表面のPt)は、1.5g/ft3であり、第2の層のPt担持量は、1.5g/ft3であった。
表1は、10.5×3インチ、400/4のセラミック製ブリック表面に調製する場合、1400m3/時で測定した、比較例触媒1及び触媒2のコールドフロー背圧を比較している。表1に示されるとおり、触媒2は、比較例触媒1よりも約16%低い背圧を示した。
DOC-CSF-SCRのみ
DOC-CSF-SCR、次に比較例触媒1
DOC-CSF-SCR、次に触媒2
実施例2は、本システムに1.2のNOxに対するアンモニアの比で投入した場合の、世界統一過渡サイクル(WHTC)の間の、エンジン試験床における、参照システム、比較例システム1及びシステム2に関して測定した、排気管排出を比較している。
実施例3は、本システムに1.2となるNOxに対するアンモニアの比で投入した場合の、WHTCサイクルの間の、エンジン試験床における、比較例システム1及びシステム2に関して測定した、N2Oの排気管排出を比較している。触媒作用は、寿命エージングをシミュレーションするため、580℃/100時間/10%の水での水熱エージング後に試験した。
実施例4は、180kの空間速度において、500ppm NH3又は500ppm NH3/500ppm NO(ANR=1.0)のどちらか一方のガス条件下、SCATで試験したときの、比較例触媒1、触媒2、比較例触媒3及び触媒4の、N2O生成を伴うNH3酸化及び選択的接触還元(「SCR」)を比較する。触媒は、調製直後のもの、及び550℃/100時間/10%水での水熱エージング後の両方で試験した。
インフィールド硫酸化(in-field sulfation)をシミュレーションするために、比較例触媒1及び触媒2に、硫黄をドープした燃料中で長時間にわたる低温エンジンエージングを施した。これに続いて、比較例触媒1及び触媒2を、それぞれ、比較例システム1及びシステム2において試験した。システムにそれぞれ、温度350℃~500℃に昇温して、30分間、4回のWHTCを施し、次に、4×WHTCを繰り返した。一連の4回のWHTCはそれぞれ、250℃/ANR=1.2での、定常状態での試験点も含んだ。WHTCサイクルは、性能チェックとして働く一方、昇温してのエンジンの駆動は、触媒を二硫酸化するため、エンジン管理制御をシミュレーションするものである。清浄な熱水オーブンでのエージング済み試料も試験した。比較例触媒1及び触媒2に入る汚染物質を理解するため、参照システム(DOC-CSF及びV-SCR)を同じ4回のWHTCレジメンにわたり試験し、すべての場合において同じ成分を使用した。
実施例6は、180kの空間速度において、500ppm NH3のガス条件下、SCATで試験したときの、比較例触媒3及び触媒4の、N2O生成を伴うNH3酸化を比較する。触媒は、調製直後のものとエンジンでのエージング後の両方で試験した。触媒は、V-SCRの下流のSCR/受動ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタ/V-SCR/ASC構成でエージングした。比較例触媒3及び触媒4の1×3インチのコアを大型試験用ブリックの内側に設置した。実際の駆動条件はテストベンチでの過渡サイクルによって表され、調節後負荷点が加速熱エージング及び化学エージングを模倣するようやはり考慮した(すなわち、定常状態の条件を過渡サイクルに追加した)。エージング条件は、150℃~470℃の温度範囲内の過渡サイクルを含み、この場合、連続的に駆動した全サイクルの各々の長さをほぼ45分間とした。エンジンエージングの全長は1000時間とした。
Claims (37)
- 排気ガスを処理するための触媒物品であって、
軸長さLを有する、入口端部及び出口端部を備える基材と、
第1の白金族金属(PGM)成分及び担体を含む第1の触媒領域と、
アンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体表面の第2のPGM成分及び第1のSCR触媒を含む第2の触媒領域と、
を備え、
前記第1の触媒領域が、少なくとも別の触媒領域によって被覆されている、
触媒物品。 - 前記第1のPGM成分がPtである、請求項1に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2のPGM成分がPtである、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2のPGM成分に対する前記第1のPGM成分の比が5:1~1:5である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記担体が、アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、チタニア、セリア及びそれらの物理混合物又は複合材である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1の触媒領域が、前記軸長さLの30~99パーセント分、延在している、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2の触媒領域が、前記アンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体表面の前記第2のPGMと第1のSCR触媒とのブレンドを含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体が、シリカ又はゼオライトを含むシリカ担体である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記ゼオライトが、≧100、好ましくは≧500のシリカ対アルミナ比を有する、請求項8に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2の触媒領域が、前記軸長さLの30~99パーセント分、延在している、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2の触媒領域が、前記第1の触媒領域の少なくとも10%を被覆している、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2の触媒領域が、前記第1の触媒領域の100%を被覆している、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1のSCR触媒が、第1の遷移金属及び第1のモレキュラーシーブを含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1の遷移金属が、Cu、Fe、Mn又はそれらの混合物である、請求項13に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1のモレキュラーシーブが、小細孔、中細孔若しくは大細孔モレキュラーシーブ、又はそれらの混合物である、請求項13又は14に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記アンモニア吸蔵性が低い担体表面の前記第2のPGMの量に対する前記第1のSCR触媒の量の比が、これらの成分の重量に基づき、0:1~300:1の範囲、好ましくは3:1~300:1(これらを含む)の範囲にある、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 第3の触媒領域を更に含む、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第3の触媒領域が第2のSCR触媒を含む、請求項17に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2のSCR触媒が、卑金属、卑金属の酸化物、貴金属、モレキュラーシーブ、第2の遷移金属交換モレキュラーシーブ又はそれらの混合物を含む、請求項18に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2のSCR触媒が、前記第2の遷移金属交換モレキュラーシーブである、請求項19に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2の遷移金属が、Cu、Fe、Mn又はそれらの混合物である、請求項20に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第3の触媒領域が、別の担体を更に含む、請求項18~21のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第3の触媒領域が、前記第1の触媒領域の100%を被覆している、請求項17~22のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 第4の触媒領域を更に含む、請求項17~23のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第4の触媒領域が第3のSCR触媒を含む、請求項24に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第3のSCR触媒が、卑金属、卑金属の酸化物、貴金属、モレキュラーシーブ、第3の遷移金属交換モレキュラーシーブ又はそれらの混合物を含む、請求項25に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第4の触媒領域が、入口端部で始まり、前記軸長さL未満の分、延在している、請求項24~26のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1の触媒領域が、前記出口端部で始まり、前記軸長さL未満、延在している、請求項27に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2の触媒領域が、前記出口端部で始まり、前記軸長さL未満、延在している、請求項27又は28に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第2の触媒領域が、前記入口端部で始まり、前記軸長さL未満、延在している、請求項27~29のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第3の触媒領域が、前記出口端部で始まり、前記軸長さL未満、延在している、請求項27~30のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第3の触媒領域が、前記入口端部で始まり、前記軸長さL未満、延在している、請求項27~31のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記基材がフロースルーモノリスである、請求項1~32のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1の触媒領域が、前記基材表面に直接、担持されている/堆積されている、請求項1~33のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 請求項1~34のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品を含む、燃焼排気ガス流を処理するための、排出物処理システム。
- DOC、DPF、少なくとも1種の追加のSCR、少なくとも1種のASC又はそれらの組合せを更に含む、請求項35に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記排気ガスを請求項1~34のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品に接触させることを含む、内燃エンジンからの排気ガスを処理する、方法。
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BRPI0919655B1 (pt) | 2008-10-22 | 2019-04-24 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Fosfato de ferro e lítio tipo olivina, mistura de cátodo, bateria de lítio secundária e método para preparar o fosfato de ferro e lítio |
US9579638B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2017-02-28 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Ammonia slip catalyst |
US10201807B2 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2019-02-12 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Ammonia slip catalyst designed to be first in an SCR system |
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US9937489B2 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2018-04-10 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Exhaust system without a DOC having an ASC acting as a DOC in a system with an SCR catalyst before the ASC |
BR112017027173B1 (pt) | 2015-06-18 | 2021-09-28 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Catalisador de vazamento de amônia, método para melhorar o rendimento de n2 de amônia em um gás de escape, e, método para reduzir a formação de n2o de nh3 em um gás de escape |
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EP3411147A4 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2019-07-10 | BASF Corporation | MULTILAYER CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
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US10500571B2 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2019-12-10 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | ASC with platinum group metal in multiple layers |
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