JP2022544578A - T細胞レパトアを決定するための標的ハイブリッドキャプチャー法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
ゲノムDNAを含む試料を得る工程;
前記試料からゲノムDNAを単離する工程;
連続ハイブリダイゼーションにより、前記単離したゲノムDNAから再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子を捕捉する工程;
第2の伸長配列を増幅する工程;および
第2の伸長配列をシーケンスする工程
を含む。
いくつかの実施形態において、前記連続ハイブリダイゼーションは、
前記再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子の第1の部分に特異的な第1のプローブセットを前記ゲノムDNAにハイブリダイズさせて、ハイブリダイズされた配列を得る工程;
第1のプローブセットを伸長して第1の伸長配列を得る工程;
第1の伸長配列を精製または単離する工程;
前記再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子の第2の部分に特異的な第2のプローブセットを前記精製した第1の伸長配列にハイブリダイズさせる工程;および/または
第2のプローブセットを伸長して第2の伸長配列を得る工程
を含む。
別段の記載がない限り、本明細書で使用されている技術用語および科学用語は、当技術分野の当業者によって一般に理解される意味を有する。本明細書で引用されたすべての特許、出願、公開出願およびその他の刊行物は、別段の記載がない限り、いずれも引用によりその全体が本明細書に明示的に援用される。本明細書に記載の用語に対して複数の定義がある場合には、別段の記載がない限り、この節に記載の定義を優先するものとする。
(i)Fab断片(VHドメイン、VLドメイン、CLドメインおよびCH1ドメインからなる1価の断片);
(ii)F(ab’)2断片(ヒンジ領域のジスルフィド架橋によって連結された2つのFab断片を含む二価の断片);
(iii)VHドメインおよびCH1ドメインからなるFd断片;
(iv)抗体の片方の腕のVHドメインおよびVLドメインからなるFv断片;
(v)VHドメインからなるdAb断片;ならびに
(vi)単離された相補性決定領域(CDR);または
(vii)合成リンカーによって連結されていてもよい単離された2つ以上のCDRの組み合わせ
が挙げられる。
T細胞はそれぞれ固有のT細胞受容体(TCR)を持つ。TCRは、細胞表面上にあるタンパク質二量体である。TCRは、血中循環T細胞の場合はα鎖とβ鎖からなり、腸管に存在するT細胞の場合はγ鎖とδ鎖からなる(発達の過程で発現されるタンパク質鎖にはさらに別の種類のものもある)。図1は、T細胞の発達過程で見られるTCR遺伝子の成熟を示す。T細胞は、感染症および潜在的がん細胞を撃退する獲得免疫系の一部を構成する。腫瘍に対抗するためにT細胞を活性化させる治療法は、高い将来性が期待されている。一方、B細胞は、抗体を産生することにより、適応免疫応答の別の主要な部隊として活動する。B細胞のレパトアに関する知見が非常に有益な臨床応用も数多く存在する。α鎖とβ鎖からなるTCRを有するT細胞は、生体を循環しており、がん細胞および腸管以外の感染症の撃退を担っており、腫瘍学に関連している。
本明細書で提供される実施形態のいくつかは、標的ハイブリッドキャプチャー法を用いてTCRを濃縮する方法およびそのためのシステムに関する。図3は、標的ハイブリッドキャプチャー法を用いてTCRの濃縮を行う一実施形態の模式図を示す。いくつかの実施形態において、以下の工程が含まれていてもよい。
1)J領域プローブのUMI配列-リード2の最初の4塩基
2)J領域プローブ配列-リード2の最後の20塩基(この20塩基の配列が固有のものではないこともあるため、2つまたは3つのα鎖配列を一緒に集約する。)
3)V領域プローブ配列-リード1の5~14番目の塩基(各V領域プローブに固有のタグを付加する識別子である。)
4)CDR3配列(例えば、リード1の60~69番目の塩基)
1)プローブ同士の相互作用により形成されたクローン。これらのクローンから形成されたリードは短く、ベクターの末端配列(例えば、GCCGTCTTCTGCTTG(配列番号268))またはJ領域プローブのACC4プライマー配列(例えば、GGTAGTGTAGACTTA(配列番号269))を有しうる。このアーチファクトによって、計数すべきでないクローンの数が増加する。
2)一塩基の読み取りエラーによるクローンの喪失。本明細書で述べる分類システムは、読み取りエラーのない30塩基(J領域の20塩基とV領域の10塩基)をクローンとして計数するものであってもよい。ミスマッチに寛容な解析では、現在の計数要件では除外されているクローンの数も計数に含まれるため、計数されるクローンの数が増加しうる。
ライブラリーを使用しない標的ゲノム解析
様々な供給源から回収したゲノムDNA試料を、Oragene唾液採取キットで精製した。抑制PCR法による後処理、全長の増幅またはシーケンスを行うことができるオリゴヌクレオチドを図15に示す。抑制PCR法による後処理、全長の増幅またはシーケンスを行うことができるこれらのオリゴヌクレオチドには、アダプターのパートナー鎖(配列番号1)、アダプターのライゲーション鎖(配列番号2)、インデックス1付きシーケンスプライマー(配列番号3)、ライブラリーを使用しないフォワードシーケンスプライマー(配列番号4)、後処理用増幅プライマー(配列番号5)、ライブラリーを使用しない増幅フォワードプライマー(配列番号6)、インデックスN701付きリバースプライマー(配列番号7)、インデックスN702付きリバースプライマー(配列番号8)、インデックスN703付きリバースプライマー(配列番号9)、およびインデックスN703付きリバースプライマー(配列番号10)が含まれていた。この研究においてシーケンスした試料を表4に示す。
ライブラリーを使用しないシーケンスライブラリーの作製
実施例1および実施例2で述べた方法を使用して、Coriell医学研究所から入手した4つの試料からDNAシーケンスライブラリーを作製した。最終的なPCR工程において、4つの試料のそれぞれに個別のインデックスコードを付加してコード化した。このようなライブラリーの作製の顕著な特徴として、ライブラリーを使用しない方法を採用する場合、収集した試料のすべてを個別に処理することが必要であるが、このような方法は望ましいものではない。最終的なライブラリーの構成成分(プール前のものを別々に示す)を図23のゲルの写真に示す。「一般的な」ライブラリーでは、通常、175bp以上からスメアが延びる。このゲルの写真において、最も小さな断片は300bpを超えている。同様に、最も大きな断片も750bp以上だと見られる。大きな断片を使用すると、最適なライブラリーは得られない。これらの試料をいずれも、各試料に対して80%の比率のビーズを使用して2回精製した。これらの試料をプールして、16.9ng/μLすなわち約65nMのプールを作製した。平均インサートサイズは400bpと推定された。プールしたこれらの試料をシーケンスした。
ゲノムDNAのプロファイル解析
以下の実施例では、1μgのゲノムDNAのプロファイル解析について実証する。このゲノムDNAは、全血細胞、バフィーコート、末梢血単核細胞、または本明細書で述べるその他の試料もしくは組織から単離されたものであってもよい。実際に、このような試料はいずれも、α鎖とβ鎖からなるTCRを持つT細胞を含む有核白血球の供給源として類似したものである。このプロトコルで述べる各工程を図3~9に示す。
・V領域へのハイブリダイゼーション後に使用するPCRプライマー568(配列番号229)
・フォワードシーケンシングプライマー571(配列番号230)
・リバースシーケンシングプライマー573(配列番号231)
・インデックス付きシーケンシングプライマー606(配列番号235)
Claims (30)
- 再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子を同定する方法であって、
a.ゲノムDNAを含む試料を得る工程;
b.前記試料からゲノムDNAを単離する工程;
c.i.再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子の第1の部分に特異的な第1のプローブセットを前記ゲノムDNAにハイブリダイズさせて、ハイブリダイズされた配列を得る工程;
ii.第1のプローブセットを伸長して第1の伸長配列を得る工程;
iii.第1の伸長配列を精製または単離する工程;
iv.前記再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子の第2の部分に特異的な第2のプローブセットを前記精製した第1の伸長配列にハイブリダイズさせる工程;および
v.第2のプローブセットを伸長して第2の伸長配列を得る工程
を含む連続ハイブリダイゼーションにより、前記単離したゲノムDNAから前記再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子を捕捉する工程;
d.第2の伸長配列を増幅する工程;ならびに
e.第2の伸長配列をシーケンスする工程
を含む、方法。 - 連続ハイブリダイゼーションを行う前に、前記ゲノムDNAを断片化し、末端修復を行う工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記試料が組織または生体液から得られたものである、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記試料が、腫瘍組織、腫瘍組織の近傍の領域、臓器組織、末梢組織、リンパ液、尿、脳脊髄液、バフィーコートからの単離物、全血、末梢血、骨髄、羊水、母乳、血漿、血清、房水、硝子体液、蝸牛液、唾液、便、汗、膣分泌物、精液、胆汁、涙液、粘液、喀痰または嘔吐物から得られたものである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記試料が、適応免疫細胞を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記試料が、1種以上の免疫細胞、例えばT細胞を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子が、T細胞受容体(TCR)α鎖遺伝子(TRA)、TCRβ鎖遺伝子(TRB)、TCRδ鎖遺伝子(TRD)、TCRγ鎖遺伝子(TRG)、抗体重鎖遺伝子(IGH)、抗体κ軽鎖遺伝子(IGK)、および/または抗体λ軽鎖遺伝子(IGL)によりコードされるものである、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子の第1の部分が、該再構成された適応免疫応答遺伝子のV領域、D領域またはJ領域を含むCDR3をコードする領域である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第1の伸長配列が、T4 DNAポリメラーゼとT4遺伝子32タンパク質を用いて複製される、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記伸長が、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)を含む溶液中で行われる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記PEGの平均分子量が8000ダルトン(PEG8000)である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記PEGの含有量が約7.5%w/vである、請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- 第1の伸長配列に増幅アダプターをライゲートする工程をさらに含む、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記増幅が、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)により行われる、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第1のプローブセットが、ヒトTCRα(TRA)、ヒトTCRβ(TRB)、ヒトTCRγ(TRG)、ヒトTCRδ(TRG)、ヒト抗体重鎖(IGH)、ヒト抗体κ軽鎖(IGK)またはヒト抗体λ軽鎖(IGL)のJ領域配列を含む、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第1のプローブセットが、ヒトTRA、ヒトTRB、ヒトTRG、ヒトTRD、ヒトIGH、ヒトIGKおよび/またはヒトIGLのV領域配列を含む、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第2のプローブセットが、ヒトTRA、ヒトTRB、ヒトTRG、ヒトTRD、ヒトIGH、ヒトIGKおよび/またはヒトIGLのJ領域配列を含む、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第2のプローブセットが、ヒトTRA、ヒトTRB、ヒトTRG、ヒトTRD、ヒトIGH、ヒトIGKおよび/またはヒトIGLのV領域配列を含む、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第1のプローブセットが、特定のクローンを同定するためのDNA配列タグを含む、請求項1~18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記DNA配列タグが、NN、NNN、NNNN、NNNNN、NNNNNN、NNNNNNN、NNNNNNNN、NNNNNNNNNまたはNNNNNNNNNN(NはA、T、GまたはCである)で示される核酸配列を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記DNA配列タグ、第1のプローブセット、第2のプローブセットおよび前記捕捉された配列がいずれも情報科学に基づいたクローンの同定に使用される、請求項19または20に記載の方法。
- 前記試料が、複数の再構成されたゲノム配列を含む、請求項1~23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記試料中の特定のT細胞クローンもしくは特定のB細胞クローンまたはその両方の頻度を測定することにより、該試料中のT細胞の免疫レパトアもしくはB細胞レパトアまたはその両方を決定する工程をさらに含む、請求項1~24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 全血試料中における血中循環核酸、TCRレパトアまたは抗体レパトアのプロファイルを解析する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記プロファイル解析が、試料中の核酸集団、TCRレパトアまたは抗体レパトアの特性を決定することを含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 1つの全血試料中の血中循環核酸と免疫レパトアを評価する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 解析を行う前に、全ゲノム増幅により1個の細胞中のゲノムDNAの量を増加させる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- シングルセル解析を使用することにより、1個の細胞中のTCRのα鎖とβ鎖の組み合わせを同定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1のプローブセットが、配列番号62~128のいずれかで定義される1つ以上の配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有する核酸を含む、請求項1~28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 第2のプローブセットが、配列番号129~227のいずれかで定義される1つ以上の配列と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有する核酸を含む、請求項1~29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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