JP2021073333A - バイオガス精製機において活性炭を不活性化する方法 - Google Patents
バイオガス精製機において活性炭を不活性化する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 42
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 31
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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Abstract
Description
本出願書類では、2015年6月1日に提出され、「バイオガス精製機において活性炭を不活性化する方法」と題した米国仮出願第62/169,090号明細書の優先権を請求し、この参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明については、特定の好適な変形形態を参照してかなり詳細に説明したが、他の変形形態も可能である。したがって、添付の請求項の精神および範囲は、本明細書に含まれる説明および好適な変形形態に限定されるべきではない。本発明の様々な観点は、以下の制限されない例を参照して説明される。以下の例は説明の目的のみであり、いかなる方法でも本発明を制限するものとは解釈されない。
活性炭を充填した吸着槽内を流れる二酸化炭素で酸素を置換する際の動態について、工学的設計の目的で研究した。カーボンが充填されたカラムを不活性化するために必要な吸着床容積数はCO2ガス速度の関数として決定した。同様に、メタンが装填された活性炭カラムをCO2を流すことで不活性化する方法が研究され、輸送および安全性規制に準拠するために必要なパージの程度が決定された。
本試験の目的は、「使用済み」バイオガスカーボンフィルターシステムからメタンを安全に除去するためのCO2パージ流の有効性を評価し、そのため、すべての輸送および廃棄作業前の「安全性を確保する」ことであった。
Claims (14)
- バイオガスを精製する方法であって、
吸着材を含む吸着槽を提供する工程と、
前記吸着材をフラッシングガス(flushing gas)で洗い出し、洗い出し済み吸着材を作成する工程と、
前記洗い出し済み吸着材に前記バイオガスを接触させる工程と、
を有する方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記吸着材は、炭素質チャー(carbonaceous char)、活性炭、再活性炭、カーボンブラック、黒鉛、ゼオライト、シリカ、シリカゲル、アルミナ粘土、金属酸化物、またはそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記吸着材は、触媒吸着材、酸化触媒吸着材、焼成触媒吸着材、酸化焼成触媒吸着材、およびそれらの組み合わせから選択される方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記フラッシングガスは二酸化炭素である方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法であって、バイオガス精製からの排ガスを再利用する工程と、前記吸着材に前記再利用排ガスを接触させる工程とを有する方法。
- 請求項5記載の方法において、前記再利用排ガスは二酸化炭素を含む方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法であって、さらに、二酸化炭素からバイオメタンを分離する工程を有し、前記二酸化炭素は前記フラッシングガスである方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記バイオガスはバイオメタンである方法。
- バイオガス精製システムであって、
少なくとも2つの吸着槽と、
前記少なくとも2つの吸着槽それぞれに二酸化炭素を供給するように構成された配管によって、前記少なくとも2つの吸着槽それぞれに操作可能に接続した、二酸化炭素からバイオメタンを分離するように構成および配置された分離機と、
前記配管それぞれに操作可能に接続し、かつ前記少なくとも2つの吸着槽それぞれに個別に二酸化炭素を供給するように配置されたバルブと、
を有するバイオガス精製システム。 - 請求項9記載のバイオガス精製システムにおいて、前記少なくとも2つの吸着槽それぞれが、各吸着槽から前記分離機にバイオガスを供給するように構成された配管によって、前記分離機に操作可能に接続しているバイオガス精製システム。
- 請求項9記載のバイオガス精製システムにおいて、前記少なくとも2つの吸着槽それぞれは、空気抜き弁をさらに有するバイオガス精製システム。
- 請求項9記載のバイオガス精製システムであって、さらに、各吸着槽にバイオガスを供給するように構成された配管によって、前記少なくとも2つの吸着槽に操作可能に接続したバイオガス供給源を有するバイオガス精製システム。
- 請求項9記載のバイオガス精製システムにおいて、前記分離機は、圧力スイング吸着槽であるバイオガス精製システム。
- 請求項9記載のバイオガス精製システムであって、さらに、バイオガス圧縮システム、硫化水素洗浄システム、除湿配管、1若しくはそれ以上の圧縮機、バイオガス洗浄システム、給水システム、蓄圧器、分析・処理システム、またはそれらの組み合わせを有するバイオガス精製システム。
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