JP2020507309A - 家禽生産の方法への乾燥過酸化水素(dhp)ガスの適用 - Google Patents
家禽生産の方法への乾燥過酸化水素(dhp)ガスの適用 Download PDFInfo
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K41/00—Incubators for poultry
- A01K41/02—Heating arrangements
- A01K41/023—Devices for regulating temperature
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K45/00—Other aviculture appliances, e.g. devices for determining whether a bird is about to lay
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Abstract
Description
インキュベーターは、PHPG生成システムを組み込むように製造するか、以下の例12に示すようにPHPG生成システムを後付けするように変更できる。インキュベーション期間及び条件は種によって異なり、これらの条件は当技術分野で周知である。
表1:食中毒の医療費(2015年)
表1:DHP生産の触媒
表2:Q2ヒナのカテゴリー(van de Ven(2012)より)
表3:家禽の疾患
表4:家禽の一般的な寄生虫
実施形態1:家禽卵を家禽スペースに配置すること、乾燥過酸化水素(DHP)を家禽スペースに0.01百万分率(ppm)〜10ppmの濃度で供給すること、及び家禽卵を家禽スペースに保管期間維持することを含む、家禽卵を改善する方法。
例
本明細書の過酸化水素ガスは、ドレーゲルポリトロンに基づく方法を使用して測定することができる。ポリトロンセンサーには、センサーを通過する空気を環境に強制するためのポンプが装備されている。過酸化水素はセンサーによって還元される。センサーは、発生する還元反応の結合電圧を測定し、アルゴリズムを使用して、全体の電圧測定方法に基づいてDHP濃度を示す読み取り値を提供する。検出されたDHPの量は、排気された空気の量で除算される。
孵化卵は飼育場から入手し、卵は標準的な卵の洗浄及び準備手順にかけられる。孵化したヒナを収集し、標準的な手順(卵殻と孵化していない卵の分離、カウントなど)に従って準備する。ヒナは確立された方法に従って等級分けされる。van de Ven et al., “Significance of chick quality score in broiler production,” Animal 6(10):1677-1683; Boerjan, “Programs for single stage incubation and chick quality,” Avian Poultry Biology Reviews 13:237-238 (2002); Tona et al, “Effects of egg storage time on spread of hatch, chick quality and chick juvenile growth,” Poultry Science 82:736-741 (2003)を参照。
2016年5月に、DHP生成装置は西部の「卵室」(受け入れエリア)に設置される。卵室は施設の積み込みと受け取りエリアに隣接しており、配達中は毎日2〜3時間外部にさらされる。卵室の寸法は、約60x14x11ft(18x4.2x33.5m)である。入ってくる卵に加えて、卵室には余分な輸送箱とパレットがある。卵室エリアのHVACシステムには2つの供給ダクトがあり、3つのDHPデバイスがそれぞれ2つの供給ダクトに取り付けられている。DHPレベルは、0.1ppm〜0.2ppmに決定される。このレベルのDHPは、ハエや汚染の原因となる他の不要な昆虫を排除するのに十分である。そのようなレベルは、細菌、ウイルス、及び真菌の病原体の減少を提供する。
表5:ヒナ生産に対するDHPの影響
2016年8月、西部の施設はさらに改変され、DHPの技術がセッティングインキュベーターを含むインキュベーションエリアに導入された(Jamesway)。DHPは、HVACシステムを介して孵化用ハッチャー通路(hatcher hallway)に供給される。セッターインキュベーターは、業界標準の条件:温度37℃〜38℃、40%〜70%の相対湿度、に設定されている。セッティングインキュベーション室は、約0.5ppmのDHPレベルに維持される。これにより、DHPが既存の空気取り入れ口からインキュベーターに入ることができる。インキュベーター内のDHPのレベルは決定されていない。
例2及び3の方法に従って孵化したヒナは、ブロイラー施設に輸送され、成熟するまで飼育される。成長方法への追加の変更は行われない。月に合計約400万個の卵がセットされ、販売可能なヒナは成長施設に送られる。表6に示すように、DHP処理は販売可能なヒナの割合を改善するだけでなく、成長施設に送られるヒナの全体的な品質を大幅に改善する。例2及び3で説明したように、除外の低減とヒナの品質の向上により、4,000,000個の卵セットごとに平均62,000個のヒナが販売される。成長施設では、約7.8%の死亡率の減少により、ヒナの優れた品質が明らかである。これにより、300,000以上のブロイラーの全体的な生産量が増加する。ブロイラーの卸売価格は、現在1ポンドあたり0.85ドルと見積もられている。約4ポンド(1.8kg)の平均枝肉重量で、ブロイラー生産に対するDHPの改善は、月額1,000,000ドル以上と評価される。Web(http:/// nationalchickencouncil.org)を参照。
表6:DHP処理後の月毎のブロイラー生産の増加
28日後、サルモネラ卵の表面上の孵化場の環境では、83.3パーセント低減され、このレベルが維持される。
例7:DHP処理を組み込んだ孵化手順
例8:DHP処理卵でのワクチン生産
例9:インキュベーターの改善
例10:DHPはインフルエンザA(H1N1)を排除する
表7:表面のインフルエンザA(H1N1)に対するDHPの影響
S. aureus ATCC 33592 (MRSA), A. brasiliensis ATCC 16404, 及び C. difficile (endospores) ATCC 43598についてのDHPの有効性試験は、例10の方法に従って試験された。S. aureus並びにA. brasiliensis及びC. difficileの全ての24及び48時間の試験培地は、0.1% Triton X-100で調製されている。S. aureusの6時間の試験培養液を、5.0%のウシ胎児血清を使用し、トリトンを使用しないで調製する。キャリア(スライド)は、条件ごとにテスト微生物ごとに2回、1x106CFU/キャリアの目標濃度で接種される。接種されたキャリアは、周囲温度で乾燥させられ、その後、接触時間を与えるためにそれぞれの条件に置かれる。S. aureusのキャリアは、6、24、及び48時間の接触時間を与えた。A.brasiliensisのキャリアは、12、24、及び48時間の接触時間を与えた。C.difficileのキャリアは、24時間、48時間、72時間の接触時間を与えた。それぞれの接触時間の後、担体を10.0mLのD/Eブロスに回収し、ボルテックスで混合し、希釈し、各微生物に適した増殖培地に播種する。環境条件は例1に記載のドレーゲルロールヘン及びドレーゲルポリトロン方法を使用して観察される。S. aureusについての結果を表8に示す。A. brasiliensisについての結果を表9に示す。C. difficileについての結果を表10に示した。(注:このアッセイの検出限界は5.0CFUである。検出可能なコロニーのないサンプルは、表に<5.00E+00として示されている)。
表8:S.aureusに対するDHPの効果
表9:A brasiliensisに対するDHPの効果
表10:C.difficileに対するDHPの効果
エアロゾル化された細菌やウイルスなどの空中浮遊病原体の伝播は、家禽生産施設における重大な懸念事項である。そのような病原体の導入は、群れを破滅させる可能性がある。家禽施設の生産空間へのDHPの適用に加えて、DHPは、労働者の休憩室、更衣室、備品室、納屋、オフィスなどの補助エリアの処理を通じて、空中浮遊病原体の伝播を防ぐことができる。DHPは、空気中の細菌やウイルスを殺すのに効果的である。
表11:DHPによるエアロゾル化した病原体の除去
例13:インキュベーターの改善
例14:DHPのEGGSの微生物負荷に対する影響
例15:DHPの技術の農場卵室への適用
表12:農場の卵室での前処理結果
表13:農場の卵室での処理結果
表14:卵室サイクルごとのROTの割合
表15:卵室サイクルあたりのROTの割合(基質構造の改善)
孵化場及びヒナ生産施設は、制御が困難な大量の細菌負荷を受けやすくなっている。動物自体に加えて、外部からの施設の著しい汚染がある。REF _Ref502234528 /h 表16に示すように、DHP処理は孵化場の細菌負荷を90%以上低減する。
表16:DHPは孵化場の細菌負荷を減らす
例17:オンサイト保管中のDHP処理による鶏のハッチングとヒナの体重の改善
表17:DHP処理有りのヒナ孵化データ
表18:DHP処理無しのヒナ孵化データ
表19:孵化インキュベーションに対するDHPの影響の概要
フィルター110、ファンアセンブリ120、ハウジング130、及びDHPガス生成システム140を備えるスタンドアロン型DHPガス生成装置が図15〜図19に示されている。
Claims (11)
- 家禽卵を家禽スペースに配置すること、
乾燥過酸化水素(DHP)を家禽スペースに0.01百万分率(ppm)〜10ppmの濃度で供給すること、及び
家禽卵を家禽スペースに保管期間維持すること
を含む、家禽卵を改善する方法。 - 乾燥過酸化水素ガス(DHPG)を0.01百万分率(ppm)〜10ppmの濃度で含む家禽スペース。
- 成長中の鳥の個体群にDHPガスを少なくとも0.01百万分率(ppm)の濃度で供給することを含む、家禽生産における飼料転換率を増加させる方法
- 家禽生産施設に乾燥過酸化水素ガス(DHPG)を少なくとも0.01百万分率(ppm)の濃度で供給することを含む、昆虫の侵入による家禽生産施設への損傷を低減する方法。
- 家禽生産施設に乾燥過酸化水素ガス(DHPG)を少なくとも0.01百万分率(ppm)の濃度で供給することを含む、家禽生産群の疾患を軽減する方法。
- 家禽生産施設に乾燥過酸化水素(DHP)ガスを少なくとも0.01百万分率(ppm)の濃度で供給することを含む、家禽の生産中に抗生物質の使用を低減する方法。
- 家禽生産施設に乾燥過酸化水素ガス(DHPG)を少なくとも0.01百万分率(ppm)の濃度で供給することを含む、家禽生産施設から発生する臭気を低減する方法。
- 導入された伝播病を有する家禽生産施設を特定すること、
家禽生産施設にPHPG発生装置を供給すること、
乾燥過酸化水素(DHP)ガスを少なくとも0.01百万分率(ppm)の濃度で生成することを含む、家禽施設における伝播病の蔓延を防止する方法。 - 家禽施設に過剰のPHPG生成装置を供給すること、
乾燥過酸化水素(DHP)ガスを少なくとも0.01百万分率(ppm)の濃度で生成することを含む、家禽施設で緊急疾患を処理する方法。 - インキュベーション前の保管中又は孵化インキュベーション中に希薄過酸化水素(DHP)ガスの存在下で家禽卵をインキュベーションすることを含む、臍炎のリスクを低減する方法。
- 複数のメス鶏から卵を収集すること、
卵を生理的ゼロ以下の温度で最大10百万分率のDHPガスを有する卵室に移送すること、
インキュベーションの前に卵を保存すること、及び
インキュベーターに移送するため、一定期間後に卵を取り除くこと、
を含む家禽卵の微生物量を減らす方法。
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