JP2020158039A - Method for loading and discharging solid material - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method that can prevent a solid material (e.g., incineration main ash) having the nature of being solidified with the passage of time in the presence of moisture from firmly adhering to a loading surface (e.g., a surface of a loading platform) of loading means (e.g., truck) of the solid material by solidification, and can easily discharge the solid material from the loading surface of the loading means.SOLUTION: A method for loading and discharging a solid material is provided for loading the solid material to the loading means having a loading surface to load the solid material such as incineration main ash, and then, for discharging it. The method for loading and discharging the solid material comprises: an adhesion prevention layer formation step of forming an adhesion prevention layer comprising particulate matter (matter comprising, e.g., porous calcium silicate hydrate) on the loading surface for preventing strong adhesion of the solid material to the loading surface; a solid material loading step of loading the solid material on the upper surface of the adhesion prevention layer; and a solid material discharging step of discharging the solid material from the loading means.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a method for loading and discharging a solid substance (for example, incineration main ash).

When discharging a load such as mud or snow from the truck bed, it may be difficult to discharge the entire load due to friction between the load and the surface of the load.
In order to alleviate this problem, various techniques have been conventionally proposed.
For example, in Patent Document 1, by covering a box-shaped loading platform with a plastic molded body (for example, one having a sheet-like shape), a smooth movement function of luggage (for example, soil dressing, residual soil or snow) is provided. Vehicles characterized by being equipped are described.
Patent Document 2 describes a friction-reducing coating containing a powder-soluble polymer on a vessel wall (for example, a truck bed) that comes into contact with water-containing particles / mud (for example, sludge, solidified soil, mud, soil or snow). A method for forming a friction-reducing film, which comprises supplying a forming agent and adhering a powder water-soluble polymer swollen in the presence of water to a vessel wall to form a film of the water-soluble polymer is described. ..

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-306674 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-93977

When the incineration main ash is loaded and transported on a loading platform or container of a loading means (for example, a vehicle) such as a truck (for example, a dump truck), a water-hard component (for example, calcium aluminate) contained in the incineration main ash is contained. , Calcium silicate, etc.) reacts with water to form solidification, and the incineration main ash is transferred to the loading platform through the solidified product (for example, calcium aluminate hydrate, calcium silicate hydrate, etc.). It may adhere firmly to such things. In this case, there is a problem that it becomes difficult to discharge the incineration main ash from the loading means.
An object of the present invention is that a solid material (for example, incineration main ash) having a property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of moisture is solidified to cause the solid material to be loaded (for example, a truck). ) Can be prevented from firmly adhering to the loading surface (for example, the surface of the loading platform), and the solid matter can be easily discharged from the loading surface of the loading means.

As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, the present invention has put the above on a loading means (for example, a truck) having a loading surface (for example, a surface of a loading platform) for loading a solid substance such as incineration main ash. When a solid substance is loaded, a powder or granular substance (for example, a porous calcium silicate hydrate) for preventing the solid substance from firmly adhering to the loading surface on the loading surface in advance. ) Shall be formed to achieve the above object, and the present invention has been completed.

The present invention provides the following [1] to [6].
[1] A loading means having a loading surface for loading a solid substance (also referred to as "consolidating solid substance" in the present specification) having a property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of moisture. A method for loading and discharging a solid material, which is for loading and then discharging the solid material, and for preventing the solid material from firmly adhering to the loading surface. An adhesion prevention layer forming step of forming an adhesion prevention layer composed of powder particles (also referred to as “adhesion prevention powder particles” in the present specification) and the solid material are loaded on the upper surface of the adhesion prevention layer. A method for loading and discharging a solid material, which comprises a solid material loading step and a solid material discharging step of discharging the solid material from the loading means.
[2] The loading and discharging of the solid matter according to the above [1], wherein the solid matter comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of incineration main ash, incineration fly ash, coal ash, and flue gas desulfurization sludge. Method.
[3] Loading and discharging of the solid matter according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the powdery granules contain those having a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 4 mm at a ratio of 70% by mass or more. Method.
[4] Any of the above [1] to [3], wherein the powdery granule consists of one or more selected from the group consisting of porous calcium silicate hydrate, pearlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, and vermiculite. The method for loading and unloading solid matter according to the above.
[5] The method for loading and discharging a solid substance according to any one of the above [1] to [4], wherein the thickness of the adhesion prevention layer is 0.1 to 10 cm.
[6] The method for loading and unloading a solid object according to any one of [1] to [5] above, wherein the loading means is a vehicle and the loading surface is a loading platform surface.

According to the present invention, a solidified solid such as incinerated main ash gradually solidifies by reaction with water (particularly, the water contained in the solidified solid), and the solid is solidified. It is possible to effectively prevent the vehicle from firmly adhering to the loading surface (for example, the surface of the loading platform) of the loading means (for example, a truck). Then, the solid matter can be easily discharged from the loading surface of the loading means.

In the method for loading and discharging a solid material of the present invention, the solid material is loaded on a loading means having a loading surface for loading the solid material having a property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of moisture. After that, it is a method of loading and discharging a solid substance for discharging, and is an adhesion prevention layer made of powdery particles for preventing the solid substance from firmly adhering to the loading surface. The solid substance loading step of loading the solid substance on the upper surface of the adhesion preventing layer, and the solid substance discharging step of discharging the solid substance from the loading means are included.
In the present specification, the "solid substance having the property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of water" is contained in the solid substance due to the fact that it contains a trace amount of water-hardening component. A substance (particularly a powdery substance) in which the reaction gradually progresses due to water or other water (for example, rainwater due to rainfall when the solid material is loaded) and solidifies within one week. ..

Examples of solids (solidifying solids) that have the property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of moisture include incineration main ash, incineration fly ash, coal ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and the like. .. These examples may be subject to loading and unloading in the present invention, either alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the loading means include vehicles such as trucks (for example, dump trucks) and freight cars, and stationary containers. The vehicle is used to move a consolidated solid such as incineration main ash to a specific place. Stationary containers are used to store consolidated solids such as incinerator ash for a specific period of time.
Further, examples of the loading surface for loading a consolidated solid material such as incinerator ash include the surface of the loading platform of a vehicle, the bottom surface of a stationary container, and the like.
Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described in detail for each step.

[Adhesion prevention layer forming process]
The adhesion prevention layer forming step is a step of forming powder particles on the loading surface of the loading means (for example, the surface of the truck bed) to prevent strong adhesion of solid solids such as incineration main ash to the loading surface. This is a step of forming an adhesion prevention layer made of an object.
Here, the powdery granular material means a powdery substance, a granular substance, or a substance containing both of them. In the present specification, the powdery substance means a substance having a particle size of 0.5 mm or less. The granular product means a product having a particle size of more than 0.5 mm.
Examples of the powder granules for preventing adhesion include porous calcium silicate hydrate, pearlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, vermiculite and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Of these, porous calcium silicate hydrate is preferably used from the viewpoint of easy availability and ease of treatment in the treatment of consolidated solids after discharge (for example, conversion of incinerated main ash into cement raw material). Be done.

Examples of the porous calcium silicate hydrate include tovamorite, zonotrite, CSH gel, foschagit, gyrolite, finbrandite and the like.
Of these, tobamolite is preferable from the viewpoint of availability and economy. Natural minerals may be used as the tobamolite, but from the viewpoint of easy availability, it is preferable to use lightweight cellular concrete containing tobamolite as a main component.
Here, the lightweight aerated concrete is made of tobermorite and unreacted silica stone, and has a porosity of about 80% by volume. Here, the porosity refers to the ratio of the total volume of voids in the total volume of concrete.
The ratio of tovamorite in the lightweight aerated concrete is usually about 65 to 80% by volume, assuming that the entire solid phase excluding the void portion inside the lightweight aerated concrete is 100% by volume.
Lightweight cellular concrete can be obtained by autoclaving a raw material (for example, a cured product consisting of a mixture thereof) containing, for example, siliceous stone powder, cement, quicklime powder, foaming agent (for example, aluminum powder), water and the like. ..

Perlite is a foam obtained by heating mineral raw materials such as pearlite and diatomaceous earth at a high temperature.
Activated carbon is a porous substance containing carbon as a main component, which has been chemically treated or the like in order to enhance adsorption performance.
Silica shale is a shale containing amorphous silicic acid as a main component. A preferable example of siliceous shale is Wakkanai layer siliceous shale having a large number of pores (diatomaceous earth formed by rock formation in the Wakkanai region of Hokkaido).
Vermiculite is a foam obtained by heating vermiculite at a high temperature.

The adhesion-preventing powder granules used in this step preferably have a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 4 mm in an amount of 70% by mass or more (preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more). It is contained in the ratio of 70% by mass or more (preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more) having a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm. It is particularly preferable to contain those having a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 2.5 mm at a ratio of 70% by mass or more (preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more).
When the particle size is 0.1 mm or more, the adhesion-preventing powder particles supplied to the loading surface of the loading means (for example, the surface of the truck bed) are scattered around the loading surface in a strong wind. Can be suppressed. When the particle size is 4 mm or less, strong adhesion of the solidified solid to the loading surface can be prevented more effectively.
In the present specification, the particle size value is a value corresponding to the opening size of the sieve.

The "water absorption rate" of the adhesion-preventing powder granules used in this step is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 50% or more, as a value measured in accordance with the "Hillguard method" for measuring the maximum water capacity of soil. It is 60% or more, particularly preferably 70% or more.
When the value is 50% or more, it is possible to more effectively prevent the solid adhesion of the solidified solid to the loading surface.

The thickness of the adhesion prevention layer is preferably 0.1 cm or more, more preferably 0.2 cm or more, still more preferably, from the viewpoint of more effectively preventing the strong adhesion of the solidifying solid to the loading surface. Is 0.3 cm or more, more preferably 0.4 cm or more, and particularly preferably 0.5 cm or more.
The thickness is a viewpoint of avoiding inconvenience due to an excessive amount of the adhesion-preventing powder / granules (for example, an increase in cost and an increase in transportation burden when preparing a large amount of adhesion-prevention powder / granules). From, it is preferably 10 cm or less, more preferably 8 cm or less, further preferably 6 cm or less, still more preferably 4 cm or less, still more preferably 2 cm or less, and particularly preferably 1 cm or less.

[Solid loading process]
The solid material loading step is a step of loading a solidified solid material on the upper surface of the adhesion prevention layer formed in the adhesion prevention layer forming step.
The method of loading the consolidated solid material and the loading capacity of the consolidated solid material are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the type of loading means (for example, the size of the dump truck) and the like.
The thickness of the consolidated solid material loaded on the loading surface of the loading means is not particularly limited, but is usually 50 to 150 cm.

[Solid material discharge process]
The solid matter discharge step is a step of discharging the solidified solid matter from the loading means.
The method for discharging the solidified solid matter is not particularly limited. For example, when the loading means is a dump truck, the tiltable loading platform of the dump truck is tilted to incline the surface of the loading platform to prevent adhesion. Examples include a method of sliding off a solidified solid substance together with an object.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Material used]
(1) Consolidating solid matter; incineration main ash generated in a cleaning plant (moisture content: 30% by mass)
(2) Adhesion-preventing powder granules (material containing calcium silicate); crushed lightweight cellular concrete containing tovamorite (porous calcium silicate hydrate; water absorption rate: 70% or more)
The "moisture content" of the consolidated solid (containing water) is [(the mass of the consolidated solid containing water before drying)-(the mass of the consolidated solid after drying). )] × 100 / (mass of solidified solid matter including water before drying), which is a value calculated by the formula.
Further, the "water absorption rate" of the powder / granular material for preventing adhesion is a value measured in accordance with the "Hillguard method" as described above.

[Example 1]
Inside a stainless steel mold for mortar strength test (only the top surface is open; inner dimensions: length 160 mm x width 136 mm x height 40 mm; the bottom surface imitates the loading surface of the loading means) In addition, anti-adhesion powder granules (calcium silicate-containing material; those having a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 2.5 mm are contained in a proportion of 90% by mass or more so as to have a thickness of 0.3 cm. The thing) was spread and the adhesion prevention layer was formed.
Next, 1,080 g of a solidified solid (incineration main ash) is loaded on the upper surface of the adhesion prevention layer, and vibration is applied to level the solid so that the thickness becomes uniform, and the solid has a thickness of about 3 cm. A layer was formed.
The upper surface of the solid material layer was covered with a food wrap film (made of synthetic resin), and an additional 20 kg of a weight was placed on the food wrap film so that a uniform load was applied to the upper surface of the solid material layer. .. As a result, the pressure applied to the bottom surface of the formwork is the same as the pressure applied to the surface of the loading platform of the 8-ton truck when 7 tons of incineration main ash is loaded on the loading platform surface (dimensions: 3,450 mm x 2,000 mm). It became a degree.

Next, the mold containing the solidified solid matter (incinerated main ash) was cured for 7 days in a room at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a relative humidity of 70%. Then, only the side surface forming portion was removed from the formwork to obtain a structure in which a solid material layer made of incinerated main ash was loaded on the bottom plate of the formwork via an adhesion prevention layer.
A digital force gauge (manufactured by Imada, model number: DS2-500N) is brought into contact with the side surface (width 136 mm x height 40 mm) of the solid material layer in this structure, and the gauge is used in the horizontal direction with respect to the solid material layer. The load at the time when the solid material layer started to slide (the load at the start of sliding) was measured. The load at the start of sliding was 19.5 N.

[Example 2]
The load at the start of sliding was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the adhesion prevention layer was changed from 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm. The load at the start of sliding was 14.2N.
[Comparative Example 1]
The load at the start of sliding was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an adhesion prevention layer made of a calcium silicate-containing material was not formed. The load at the start of sliding was 29.5N.
The above results are shown in Table 1.
From Table 1, as compared with Comparative Example 1, in Examples 1 and 2, the value of the load at the start of sliding was small, and the solid material layer made of the incineration main ash was strong against the surface imitating the loading surface of the loading means. It can be seen that the adhesion (29.5N in Comparative Example 1) is significantly alleviated.

Claims (6)

Loading of the solid material for loading the solid material on a loading means having a loading surface for loading the solid material having the property of solidifying with the passage of time in the presence of moisture, and then discharging the solid material. And the discharge method
An adhesion prevention layer forming step of forming an adhesion prevention layer made of powdery particles on the loading surface in order to prevent the solid matter from firmly adhering to the loading surface.
A solid material loading process for loading the solid material on the upper surface of the adhesion prevention layer,
A solid matter discharge process for discharging the solid matter from the loading means,
A method for loading and unloading a solid material, which comprises. The method for loading and discharging a solid material according to claim 1, wherein the solid material comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of incineration main ash, incineration fly ash, coal ash, and flue gas desulfurization sludge. The method for loading and discharging a solid substance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the powder granules contain those having a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 4 mm at a ratio of 70% by mass or more. The solid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the powdery granule consists of one or more selected from the group consisting of porous calcium silicate hydrate, pearlite, activated carbon, siliceous shale, and vermiculite. How to load and unload things. The method for loading and discharging a solid substance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the adhesion prevention layer is 0.1 to 10 cm. The method for loading and unloading a solid material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the loading means is a vehicle and the loading surface is a loading platform surface.