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JP2020087549A - Heater unit and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Heater unit and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP2020087549A
JP2020087549A JP2018216126A JP2018216126A JP2020087549A JP 2020087549 A JP2020087549 A JP 2020087549A JP 2018216126 A JP2018216126 A JP 2018216126A JP 2018216126 A JP2018216126 A JP 2018216126A JP 2020087549 A JP2020087549 A JP 2020087549A
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JP7061553B2 (en
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政博 上城
Masahiro Kamishiro
政博 上城
谷口 政秀
Masahide Taniguchi
政秀 谷口
康行 松浦
Yasuyuki Matsuura
康行 松浦
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Nichicon Corp
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Abstract

To provide a heater unit, having a simple manufacturing process, excellent in bonding strength between a PTC ceramic element and an electrode and smoothness of an electrode surface.SOLUTION: A heater unit 1 includes: a flat plate-shaped positive temperature coefficient ceramic element 2; and electrodes 3a, 3b located on both main surfaces of the positive temperature coefficient ceramic element 2. The electrodes 3a, 3b are formed by cold spraying using a metal powder made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a median diameter of 20 μm or less and have a thickness of 40 μm or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、正温度係数(Positive Temperature Coefficient, PTC)セラミック素子を発熱源に用いたヒーターユニットおよびその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a heater unit using a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) ceramic element as a heat source and a manufacturing method thereof.

従来、定温ヒーターや局所加熱ヒーターとして、自己温度制御機能を有するPTCセラミック素子を発熱源に用いたヒーターユニットが様々な分野で使用されている。その一例として、特許文献1には、平板状を有するPTCセラミック素子と、その両主面上に設けられたアルミニウムからなる電極とを備えた車載用のヒーターユニットが開示されている。このヒーターユニットでは、PTCセラミック素子と電極とがシリコーン系接着剤を介して接着されている。 Conventionally, as a constant temperature heater or a local heating heater, a heater unit using a PTC ceramic element having a self-temperature control function as a heat source has been used in various fields. As an example thereof, Patent Document 1 discloses a vehicle-mounted heater unit including a PTC ceramic element having a flat plate shape and electrodes made of aluminum provided on both main surfaces thereof. In this heater unit, the PTC ceramic element and the electrode are bonded together via a silicone adhesive.

また、PTCセラミック素子上への電極の形成方法に関しては、特許文献2により、溶線式フレーム溶射、粉末式フレーム溶射、溶棒式フレーム溶射、高速フレーム溶射、電気式溶射、アーク溶射、プラズマ溶射、線爆溶射、コールドスプレー溶射等の手法を用いるこことも知られている。 Regarding the method of forming the electrode on the PTC ceramic element, according to Patent Document 2, a wire flame flame spraying, a powder flame flame spraying, a melt bar flame flame spraying, a high speed flame flame spraying, an electric flame spraying, an arc flame spraying, a plasma flame spraying, It is also known here to use techniques such as line explosion spraying and cold spray spraying.

特許第4455473号公報Japanese Patent No. 4455473 特開2015−46462号公報JP, 2015-46462, A

しかしながら、シリコーン系接着剤を用いた電極の形成は、製造工程が多段階となるため、製造コストの増加が避けられないとの問題があった。また、各種溶射による電極の形成は、ヒーターユニットとして使用する際に必要とされる、PTCセラミック素子と形成した電極との間の接合強度および電極表面の平滑性が得られにくいとの問題があった。 However, the formation of an electrode using a silicone-based adhesive has a problem in that an increase in manufacturing cost cannot be avoided because the manufacturing process has multiple stages. Further, the formation of electrodes by various thermal spraying has a problem that it is difficult to obtain the bonding strength between the PTC ceramic element and the formed electrodes and the smoothness of the electrode surface, which are required when using as a heater unit. It was

本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、その課題とするところは、製造工程がシンプルで、しかも、PTCセラミック素子−電極間の接合強度および電極表面の平滑性が優れたヒーターユニットおよびその製造方法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention that the manufacturing process is simple and the bonding strength between the PTC ceramic element and the electrode and the smoothness of the electrode surface are excellent. It is to provide a heater unit and a manufacturing method thereof.

本発明者は、種々検討を行った結果、上記各種溶射のうちのコールドスプレー溶射であれば、使用する金属粉の粒径と電極の厚みとを調整することにより満足のいく接合強度および平滑性が同時に得られることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。 As a result of various investigations, the present inventor has found that, in the case of cold spraying among the various types of thermal spraying described above, satisfactory bonding strength and smoothness can be obtained by adjusting the particle size of the metal powder used and the thickness of the electrode. The present invention has been completed by finding that the above can be obtained at the same time.

すなわち、本発明に係るヒーターユニットの製造方法は、正温度係数セラミック素子を準備する素子準備工程と、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金からなる金属粉を用いたコールドスプレー溶射により正温度係数セラミック素子に電極を形成する電極形成工程とを備え、電極形成工程は、金属粉のメジアン径が20μm以下であり、かつ電極の厚みが40μm以下となるようにコールドスプレー溶射の溶射時間が設定されていることを特徴とする。 That is, the heater unit manufacturing method according to the present invention comprises an element preparation step of preparing a positive temperature coefficient ceramic element and an electrode formed on the positive temperature coefficient ceramic element by cold spray spraying using a metal powder made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In the electrode forming step, the median diameter of the metal powder is 20 μm or less, and the thermal spraying time of cold spraying is set so that the thickness of the electrode is 40 μm or less. To do.

また、本発明に係るヒーターユニットは、平板状の正温度係数セラミック素子と、正温度係数セラミック素子の両主面上に位置する電極とを備え、電極は、メジアン径が20μm以下のアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金からなる金属粉を用いたコールドスプレー溶射により形成されたものであり、40μm以下の厚みを有することを特徴とする。 The heater unit according to the present invention includes a flat positive temperature coefficient ceramic element and electrodes located on both main surfaces of the positive temperature coefficient ceramic element, and the electrode is aluminum or aluminum having a median diameter of 20 μm or less. It is formed by cold spray spraying using a metal powder made of an alloy, and is characterized by having a thickness of 40 μm or less.

本発明によれば、製造工程がシンプルで、しかも、PTCセラミック素子−電極間の接合強度および電極表面の平滑性が優れたヒーターユニットおよびその製造方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a heater unit having a simple manufacturing process, excellent bonding strength between the PTC ceramic element and the electrode, and smoothness of the electrode surface, and a manufacturing method thereof.

本発明の実施例および比較例に係るヒーターユニットの(A)平面図および(B)側面図である。It is a (A) top view and a (B) side view of a heater unit concerning an example of the present invention and a comparative example. 本発明の実施例および比較例に係るヒーターユニットに対して行った第2試験の一部の結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows a part of result of the 2nd test performed to the heater unit concerning the example and comparative example of the present invention.

以下、添付図面を参照しながら、本発明に係るヒーターユニットおよびその製造方法について説明する。 Hereinafter, a heater unit and a manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図1に示すように、本発明に係るヒーターユニット1は、平板状のPTCセラミック素子2と、その両主面上に位置する電極3a,3bとを備えている。PTCセラミック素子2は、キュリー温度が240℃で、寸法が24mm(縦)×15mm(横)×2mm(厚み)である。電極3a,3bは、純度99.7%のアルミニウム粉を使用したコールドスプレー溶射により形成したもので、寸法が23mm(縦)×14mm(横)である。上記の構成は、以下に説明する全ての実施例および比較例において共通している。 As shown in FIG. 1, the heater unit 1 according to the present invention includes a flat PTC ceramic element 2 and electrodes 3a and 3b located on both main surfaces thereof. The PTC ceramic element 2 has a Curie temperature of 240° C. and dimensions of 24 mm (length)×15 mm (width)×2 mm (thickness). The electrodes 3a and 3b are formed by cold spray spraying using aluminum powder having a purity of 99.7%, and have dimensions of 23 mm (length)×14 mm (width). The above configuration is common to all the examples and comparative examples described below.

[実施例1]
実施例1では、メジアン径が10μmのアルミニウム粉を使用するとともに、電極3a,3bの厚みが18μmとなるように溶射時間を設定した。
[Example 1]
In Example 1, aluminum powder having a median diameter of 10 μm was used, and the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 18 μm.

[実施例2,3]
実施例2,3では、実施例1と同様、メジアン径が10μmのアルミニウム粉を使用した。また、実施例2では、電極3a,3bの厚みが26μmとなるように溶射時間を設定し、実施例3では、電極3a,3bの厚みが30μmとなるように溶射時間を設定した。
[Examples 2 and 3]
In Examples 2 and 3, as in Example 1, aluminum powder having a median diameter of 10 μm was used. In Example 2, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 26 μm, and in Example 3, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 30 μm.

[実施例4]
実施例4では、メジアン径が20μmのアルミニウム粉を使用するとともに、電極3a,3bの厚みが18μmとなるように溶射時間を設定した。
[Example 4]
In Example 4, aluminum powder having a median diameter of 20 μm was used, and the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 18 μm.

[実施例5−7]
実施例5−7では、実施例4と同様、メジアン径が20μmのアルミニウム粉を使用した。また、実施例5では、電極3a,3bの厚みが28μmとなるように溶射時間を設定し、実施例6では、電極3a,3bの厚みが34μmとなるように溶射時間を設定し、実施例7では、電極3a,3bの厚みが41μmとなるように溶射時間を設定した。
[Example 5-7]
In Example 5-7, aluminum powder having a median diameter of 20 μm was used as in Example 4. In Example 5, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 28 μm, and in Example 6, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 34 μm. In No. 7, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 41 μm.

[比較例1−5]
比較例1−5では、実施例4と同様、メジアン径が20μmのアルミニウム粉を使用した。また、比較例1では、電極3a,3bの厚みが51μmとなるように溶射時間を設定し、比較例2では、電極3a,3bの厚みが65μmとなるように溶射時間を設定し、比較例3では、電極3a,3bの厚みが73μmとなるように溶射時間を設定し、比較例4では、電極3a,3bの厚みが82μmとなるように溶射時間を設定し、比較例5では、電極3a,3bの厚みが102μmとなるように溶射時間を設定した。
[Comparative Example 1-5]
In Comparative Example 1-5, similarly to Example 4, aluminum powder having a median diameter of 20 μm was used. In Comparative Example 1, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 51 μm, and in Comparative Example 2, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 65 μm. In 3, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 73 μm, in Comparative Example 4, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 82 μm, and in Comparative Example 5, the electrode was used. The thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of 3a and 3b was 102 μm.

[比較例6]
比較例6では、メジアン径が30μmのアルミニウム粉を使用するとともに、電極3a,3bの厚みが40μmとなるように溶射時間を設定した。
[Comparative Example 6]
In Comparative Example 6, aluminum powder having a median diameter of 30 μm was used, and the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 40 μm.

[比較例7,8]
比較例7,8では、比較例6と同様、メジアン径が30μmのアルミニウム粉を使用した。また、比較例7では、電極3a,3bの厚みが50μmとなるように溶射時間を設定し、比較例8では、電極3a,3bの厚みが62μmとなるように溶射時間を設定した。
[Comparative Examples 7 and 8]
In Comparative Examples 7 and 8, similarly to Comparative Example 6, aluminum powder having a median diameter of 30 μm was used. Further, in Comparative Example 7, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 50 μm, and in Comparative Example 8, the thermal spraying time was set so that the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b was 62 μm.

このようにして製造した実施例1−7および比較例1−8に係るヒーターユニット1に対し、接合強度に関する第1試験と、熱伝達特性に関する第2試験とを行った。
(第1試験)
この試験では、PTCセラミック素子2と電極3a,3bとの間の接合強度を評価するために、電極3a,3bの表面に貼り付けたセロハンテープ(セキスイ社製、型番:No.252)を素早くめくり上げ、電極3a,3bの少なくとも一部がPTCセラミック素子2から剥がれたか否かを確認した。
(第2試験)
この試験では、ヒーターユニット1を0.3mm厚の一対のSUS板で挟み込んで該SUS板と電極3a,3bとを圧接させ、SUS板−電極3a−PTCセラミック素子2−電極3b−SUS板間の熱伝達特性を評価するために、SUS板にAC100Vを印加し続けたときの該SUS板の表面温度の変化を熱電対で測定した。
The heater unit 1 according to Example 1-7 and Comparative Example 1-8 manufactured in this manner was subjected to a first test regarding bonding strength and a second test regarding heat transfer characteristics.
(First test)
In this test, in order to evaluate the bonding strength between the PTC ceramic element 2 and the electrodes 3a and 3b, a cellophane tape (manufactured by Sekisui, model number: No. 252) attached to the surfaces of the electrodes 3a and 3b was quickly used. It was turned up and it was confirmed whether at least a part of the electrodes 3a and 3b was peeled off from the PTC ceramic element 2.
(Second test)
In this test, the heater unit 1 was sandwiched by a pair of SUS plates having a thickness of 0.3 mm, and the SUS plate and the electrodes 3a and 3b were brought into pressure contact with each other, and the SUS plate-electrode 3a-PTC ceramic element 2-electrode 3b-SUS plate was interposed In order to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics of the SUS plate, a change in the surface temperature of the SUS plate when AC 100 V was continuously applied to the SUS plate was measured with a thermocouple.

第1試験および第2試験の結果をまとめると、表1および図2の通りとなる。

Figure 2020087549
ここで、第1試験の結果の“○”は、電極3a,3bの剥がれが確認されなかったことを示している。また、第2試験の結果の“○”は、60秒以内にSUS板の表面温度がPTCセラミック素子2のキュリー温度である240℃の近傍に達したことを示している。 The results of the first test and the second test are summarized in Table 1 and FIG.
Figure 2020087549
Here, “◯” in the result of the first test indicates that peeling of the electrodes 3a and 3b was not confirmed. Further, “◯” in the result of the second test shows that the surface temperature of the SUS plate reached the vicinity of 240° C. which is the Curie temperature of the PTC ceramic element 2 within 60 seconds.

第1試験の結果は、PTCセラミック素子2と電極3a,3bとの間の接合強度が、電極3a,3bの厚みに関係していることを示している。より詳しくは、第1試験の結果は、電極3a,3bの厚みを50μm以下とすれば、良好な接合強度が得られることを示している。 The results of the first test show that the bonding strength between the PTC ceramic element 2 and the electrodes 3a, 3b is related to the thickness of the electrodes 3a, 3b. More specifically, the result of the first test shows that good bonding strength can be obtained when the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b is 50 μm or less.

一方、第2試験の結果は、SUS板−電極3a−PTCセラミック素子2−電極3b−SUS板間の熱伝達特性が、使用したアルミニウム粉のメジアン径および電極3a,3bの厚みの両方に関係していることを示している。より詳しくは、第2試験の結果は、使用するアルミニウム粉のメジアン径を20μm以下とし、かつ電極3a,3bの厚みを40μm以下とすれば、良好な熱伝達特性が得られることを示している。 On the other hand, the result of the second test shows that the heat transfer characteristics between the SUS plate-electrode 3a-PTC ceramic element 2-electrode 3b-SUS plate are related to both the median diameter of the aluminum powder used and the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b. It shows that it is doing. More specifically, the result of the second test shows that good heat transfer characteristics can be obtained when the median diameter of the aluminum powder used is 20 μm or less and the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b is 40 μm or less. ..

ここで、アルミニウム粉のメジアン径および電極3a,3bの厚みを上記の通りにすることにより良好な熱伝達特性が得られるのは、電極3a,3bの表面の平滑性が向上し、電極3a,3bとSUS板との接触面積が増大するためだと考えられる。したがって、使用するアルミニウム粉のメジアン径を20μm以下とし、かつ電極3a,3bの厚みを40μm以下とすることは、十分に平坦な電極3a,3bを得るための条件であるとも言える。 Here, by setting the median diameter of the aluminum powder and the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b as described above, good heat transfer characteristics can be obtained because the smoothness of the surfaces of the electrodes 3a and 3b is improved and It is considered that this is because the contact area between the 3b and the SUS plate increases. Therefore, it can be said that setting the median diameter of the aluminum powder to be used to 20 μm or less and the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b to 40 μm or less is a condition for obtaining the sufficiently flat electrodes 3a and 3b.

以上のように、メジアン径が20μm以下のアルミニウム粉を用いたコールドスプレー溶射により40μm以下の厚みを有する電極3a,3bを形成する実施例1−7によれば、PTCセラミック素子2と電極3a,3bとの間の接合強度が良好で、かつ電極3a,3bの表面が十分に平坦なヒーターユニット1を得ることができる。 As described above, according to the embodiment 1-7 in which the electrodes 3a and 3b having the thickness of 40 μm or less are formed by the cold spray spraying using the aluminum powder having the median diameter of 20 μm or less, the PTC ceramic element 2 and the electrode 3a, It is possible to obtain the heater unit 1 having good bonding strength with the electrode 3b and having the electrodes 3a and 3b having sufficiently flat surfaces.

なお、本発明は、上記実施例の構成に限定されない。例えば、PTCセラミック素子2の寸法および電極3a,3bの厚み以外の寸法は、任意に変更することができる。また、アルミニウムからなる金属粉の代わりにアルミニウム・亜鉛合金等のアルミニウム合金からなる金属粉を用いても、同様の効果を得ることができる。 The present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment. For example, the dimensions of the PTC ceramic element 2 and the dimensions other than the thickness of the electrodes 3a and 3b can be arbitrarily changed. Further, the same effect can be obtained by using a metal powder made of an aluminum alloy such as an aluminum-zinc alloy instead of the metal powder made of aluminum.

1 ヒーターユニット
2 PTCセラミック素子
3a,3b 電極
1 heater unit 2 PTC ceramic elements 3a, 3b electrodes

Claims (2)

正温度係数セラミック素子を準備する素子準備工程と、
アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金からなる金属粉を用いたコールドスプレー溶射により前記正温度係数セラミック素子に電極を形成する電極形成工程と、
を備え、
前記電極形成工程は、前記金属粉のメジアン径が20μm以下であり、かつ前記電極の厚みが40μm以下となるように前記コールドスプレー溶射の溶射時間が設定されていることを特徴とするヒーターユニットの製造方法。
An element preparation step of preparing a positive temperature coefficient ceramic element,
An electrode forming step of forming an electrode on the positive temperature coefficient ceramic element by cold spray spraying using a metal powder made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy,
Equipped with
In the electrode forming step, the thermal spraying time of the cold spray thermal spraying is set such that the median diameter of the metal powder is 20 μm or less and the thickness of the electrode is 40 μm or less. Production method.
平板状の正温度係数セラミック素子と、
前記正温度係数セラミック素子の両主面上に位置する電極と、
を備え、
前記電極は、メジアン径が20μm以下のアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金からなる金属粉を用いたコールドスプレー溶射により形成されたものであり、40μm以下の厚みを有することを特徴とするヒーターユニット。
A plate-shaped positive temperature coefficient ceramic element,
Electrodes located on both main surfaces of the positive temperature coefficient ceramic element,
Equipped with
The heater unit is characterized in that the electrode is formed by cold spray spraying using a metal powder made of aluminum or aluminum alloy having a median diameter of 20 μm or less, and has a thickness of 40 μm or less.
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Citations (6)

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JP2011129689A (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-30 Tdk Corp Terminal electrode and method of manufacturing terminal electrode
JP2012153581A (en) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-16 Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp Joining method of ceramic and aluminum
JP2013093302A (en) * 2011-10-07 2013-05-16 Ngk Insulators Ltd Heater
JP2015046462A (en) * 2013-08-28 2015-03-12 株式会社ネイブヒート Sintering molding heating element
JP2017130544A (en) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-27 株式会社日立製作所 Voltage Nonlinear Resistor

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