JP2019519668A - イオン伝導膜 - Google Patents
イオン伝導膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2019519668A JP2019519668A JP2018551973A JP2018551973A JP2019519668A JP 2019519668 A JP2019519668 A JP 2019519668A JP 2018551973 A JP2018551973 A JP 2018551973A JP 2018551973 A JP2018551973 A JP 2018551973A JP 2019519668 A JP2019519668 A JP 2019519668A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- cathode
- vinylbenzyl
- solution
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 302
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- -1 cyclic amine Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WLUJHMKCLOIRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC=1NC(C)=[N+](C)C=1C WLUJHMKCLOIRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 139
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 92
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 81
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 42
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- VJJZJBUCDWKPLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxyapigenin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VJJZJBUCDWKPLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 33
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 229920003060 Poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) Polymers 0.000 description 18
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920002852 poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 241000724182 Macron Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013580 millipore water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920002465 poly[5-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid] polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 9
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DAPCTEDTWWVEHV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-benzyl-2-ethenyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound N1C=C[N+](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C=C DAPCTEDTWWVEHV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- GNCJRTJOPHONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1(C)NC=NC1(C)C GNCJRTJOPHONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 101001115830 Homo sapiens Prostate-associated microseminoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102100025013 Prostate-associated microseminoprotein Human genes 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000013500 performance material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SLBOQBILGNEPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloroprop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 SLBOQBILGNEPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WLUJHMKCLOIRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole Chemical compound CC=1N=C(C)N(C)C=1C WLUJHMKCLOIRSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPBDEYXQESPTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-ethenylphenyl)methyl]-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C1=[N+](C)C=CN1CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IPBDEYXQESPTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1H-indol-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[NH2+]C=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- RNZVYTQTFUNUFU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2,4,5-trimethyl-3-(1-phenylbut-3-en-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C(=C)C([N+]1=C(NC(=C1C)C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RNZVYTQTFUNUFU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- AMSDWLOANMAILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-imidazol-1-ylethanol Chemical compound OCCN1C=CN=C1 AMSDWLOANMAILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAEWLJOJLLFCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-ethenylphenyl)methyl]-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C1=C[N+](C)=C(C)N1CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 IAEWLJOJLLFCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZTADBVRQBOEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-ethenylphenyl)methyl]pyridin-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(C=C)=CC=C1C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 RZTADBVRQBOEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1C=CN=C1 STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFURNOQUNVHWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=NC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C LFURNOQUNVHWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIHGPLIXGGMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC2=C1 OMIHGPLIXGGMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920010448 Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) PPO Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002848 Pt–Ru Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous dimethyl-acetamide Natural products CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003965 capillary gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005829 chemical entities Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004647 photon scanning tunneling microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000075 poly(4-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2268—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, and by reactions not involving this type of bond
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
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- C25B3/25—Reduction
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
- C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
(1)カソードは、以下のように作製される:
(a)30mgの銀ナノ粒子(20-40nm, ストック#45509, Alfa Aesar, マサチューセッツ州ワードヒル(Ward Hill))を0.1mlの脱イオン水(18.2メガオーム, EMD Millipore、マサチューセッツ州ビレリカ(Billerica))及び0.2mlのイソプロパノール(ストック#3032-16, Macron Fine Chemicals, Avantor Performance Materials, ペンシルヴァニア州センターバレー(Centre Valley))と混合することにより銀インクを調製する。次に、混合物を1分間超音波処理する。
(b)銀ナノ粒子インクを、2.5cm×2.5cmの面積を占めるガス拡散層(Sigracet 35 BC GDL, Ion Power Inc., デラウェア州ニューキャッスル(New Castle))上に手塗りする。
(2)アノードは、以下のように作製される:
(a)15mgのRuO2(ストック#11804, Alfa Aesar)を0.2mlの脱イオン水(18.2メガオーム, Millipore)、0.2mlのイソプロパノール(Macromon#3032-16)及び0.1mlの5%ナフィオン(Nafion)溶液(1100EW, DuPont, デラウェア州ウィルミントン(Wilmington))と混合することによりRuO2インクを調製する。
(b)RuO2インクを、2.5cm×2.5cmの面積を占めるガス拡散層(Sigracet 35 BC GDL, Ion Power)上に手塗りする。
(3)例えば流延又は押出などの従来の手段により「試験」材料の50〜300マイクロメートルの厚さの膜を作製する。
(4)銀及び酸化ルテニウム触媒が膜に面するように、膜をアノードとカソードとの間に挟む。
(5)サーペンタイン流動場を有するFuel Cell Technologies(ニューメキシコ州アルバカーキー(Albuquerque))の5cm2燃料電池ハードウェアアセンブリに膜電極アセンブリを取り付ける。
(6)セルを室温及び室圧にして、50℃で加湿された二酸化炭素を5sccmの流量でカソードに供給し、アノード側を室温及び室圧で大気に開放し、セルに3.0Vを印加し、セルを室温で30分間動作させた後、カソードアウトプットの組成を分析する。
(7)選択率は次のように計算される。
本明細書で使用される「CO2の電気化学的変換」という用語は、プロセスの任意の工程において二酸化炭素、炭酸塩又は炭酸水素塩が別の化学物質に変換される任意の電気化学的プロセスを指す。
の配位子が包含される。
の配位子が包含される。
P+(R12R13R14R15)
(式中、R12〜R15は、水素、ハライド、線状アルキル、分岐アルキル、環状アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、ヘテロアルキルアリール、及びそれらのポリマー、例えば本明細書に記載のビニルベンジルコポリマーからそれぞれ独立に選択される。)
の配位子が包含される。
N(R16R17R18)
の化学種を指す。
図1は、典型的にはグラファイト又はグラファイト複合材料で形成されたリジッドな流動場プレート34及び36の間に挟まれた膜電極アセンブリ32を含む燃料電池ハードウェアアセンブリ30を示す。膜電極アセンブリ32は、2つの電極、すなわちアノード44とカソード46の間に挟まれたポリマー電解質(イオン交換)膜42からなる。アノード44及びカソード46は、典型的には、例えば炭素繊維紙などの多孔質導電性シート材料から形成され、平坦な主表面を有する。電極44及び46は、電気化学的に活性になるように、膜42との界面でそれらの主表面上に配置された触媒材料の薄層を有する。
具体的実施例1は、ヘルパー膜を有する電解槽を作製する手順を例示する。具体的実施例1の実施形態は、CO2変換のために使用される初期の電気化学セルに対して改善された性能を示す。
比較例1は、「有機生成物混合物の一部としてのメタノールの選択性を与えることができ、メタノールへの二酸化炭素のファラデー収率は30%〜95%であり、残りは水素を発生する」と主張した‘583号公報の教示にしたがって構成された電解槽の定常電流及びファラデー効率を測定した。メタノールへの二酸化炭素の95%ファラデー収率、残りの水素の進化。しかし、‘583号公報は、カソードが液体フリーである場合に30%〜95%のファラデー収率を示すデータを提供していない。比較例1では、‘583号公報の教示にしたがって電池を組み立て、液体フリーカソードを用いてファラデー効率を室温で測定した。
比較例2は、ナフィオン、スルホン化ポリ(エーテルエーテルケトン)「SPEEK」、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)、CMI-7000、AMI 7001、リン酸ドープPBI又はNeosepta膜が、表1に記載した先行文献に記載されているように前処理された場合に、ヘルパー膜として機能するかどうかを決定するために行った。
この実施例の目的は、膜ドーピングの変化がCO2変換のために膜を活性化することができるかどうかを決定することであった。AMI−7001及びCMI−7000は、PSMMIM及びPSDMIMと同じポリスチレン骨格を有するが、異なるアミン基を有して、それらを活性化させることができるであろうから、AMI−7001及びCMI−7000を試験例として選択した。
具体的実施例3の目的は、ヘルパー膜の別の例を提供することである。
具体的実施例4の目的は、ピリジニウム基を有するヘルパー膜の例を提供することである。
この実施例の目的は、性能に及ぼすポリマー中のアミンの割合の効果を調べることであった。ヘルパー膜は、様々な組成のメチルイミダゾリウム−ポリ(4−ビニルベンジルクロリド−co−スチレン)クロリド(PSMIM−Cl)ポリマー溶液から作製した。
この実施例の目的は、強化されたヘルパー膜の例を提供することである。特に、メチルイミダゾリウム−ポリ(4−ビニルベンジルクロリド−co−スチレン)クロリド(PSMIM−Cl)と、ポリマーマトリックス、例えばポリベンゾイミダゾール(PBI)、ポリ(2,6−ジメチル−1,2−フェニレンオキシド)(PPO)、ナイロン6/6、又はポリエチレン(PE)とのブレンドから製造されたヘルパー膜が提供される。
この実施例の目的は、スチレンを含まないヘルパー膜を同定することである。特に、メチルメタクリレート(MMA)と、ブチルアクリレート(BA)と、VBCの1−メチルイミダゾール付加物とのターポリマー(これをメチルイミダゾリウム−ポリ(ビニルベンジルクロリド1−co−メチルメタクリレート−co−ブチルアクリレート)クロリド(PVMBMIM−Cl)と呼ぶ)は、ヘルパー膜であることが分かった。
開始剤として2,2’−アゾビス(2-メチルプロピオニトリル)(AIBN)を使用し、窒素ガス(S.J. Smith)保護下、トルエン中で、4−ビニルベンジルクロリド(VBC)、メチルメタクリレート(MMA)及びブチルアクリレートの反応からのポリ(VBC−co−MMA−co−BA)の合成。次に、(2)ポリ(VBC−co−MMA−co−BA)を1−メチルイミダゾールと室温で24時間以上反応させてPVMBMIM−Clポリマー溶液を得た。
この実施例の目的は、保水性を改善するために親水性材料を膜に添加することができることを示すことである。この実施例では、膜の作製中に吸湿性酸化物材料を導入して、膜における水の取り込み及び保水性を改善した。吸湿性酸化物材料としては、シリカ(SiC)、ジルコニア(ZrC)、及びチタニア(TiC)が挙げられる。この例では、ジルコニアを試験した。
この実施例の目的は、保水性を改善するために潮解性物質ZnBrを膜に添加することができることを示すことである。
この実験の目的は、ヘルパー膜が水電解槽に有用であることを示すことである。
この例は、ヘルパー膜がアルカリ膜燃料電池発電装置にも有用であることを示す。
この実施例の目的は、メチルイミダゾリウム−ポリ(2,6−ジメチル−1,4−フェニレンオキシド)ブロミド(PPOMIM−Br)ポリマー溶液から作製されたヘルパー膜を提供することである。
低臭素化率のPPO−Br#14を文献(Reactive & Functional Polymers 70 (2010) 944-950)に従って合成した。詳細手順は以下のように要約することができる:NBS(2.84g,15.96mmol)(Sigma-Aldrich)及びAIBN(0.12g,0.73mmol)を、クロロベンゼン(200ml)中のPPO(2.839,24.08mmol)(Sigma-Aldrich)の溶液に加えた。混合物を、窒素保護下、125〜135℃で4〜6時間撹拌し、次に、反応混合物を過剰のメタノールに加えて生成物を沈殿させた。ろ過し、メタノールで数回洗浄した後、ポリマーを、真空下、室温で2日間以上乾燥させた。2.45gの淡黄色粉末を収集した(収率:51.14%)。PPO−Brの臭素化率は、核磁気共鳴(NMR)のメチルピーク及びメチレンピークの積分から計算した(18.3%):
この実施例の目的は、スチレンを有しないメチルイミダゾリウム−ポリ(4−ビニルベンジルクロリド膜)もヘルパー膜であるかどうかを決定することである。
この実施例の目的は、ポリ(ビニルベンジルクロリド)(PVBC)とポリベンゾイミダゾール(PBI)とのブレンドから作製されたヘルパー膜を提供することである。
この例の目的は、錫カソード触媒及び上記の表4のPBI/PSMIM−Clアニオン交換膜#6を使用することによって、電気化学装置においてCO2をギ酸に変換する手順を説明することである。
この実施例の目的は、(2−ヒドロキシエチル)イミダゾリウム−ポリ(4−ビニルベンジルクロリド−co−スチレン)クロリド(PSIMOH−Cl)ポリマー溶液から作製された膜がヘルパー膜であることを示すことである。
この実施例の目的は、CO2電解について、スチレン、ビニルベンジルクロリド(VBC)及びビニルベンジル−Rsのターポリマーが、ニルベンジルクロリドが無視できるスチレンとビニルベンジル−Rsのコポリマーよりも優れていることを示すことである。
コポリマーをメタノール中で沈殿させ、徹底的に洗浄し、60℃で一晩乾燥させた。
(アセトニトリル0.0840g中に0.00024g)を、窒素流の保護下で混合した。混合物を78〜80℃に加熱し、48時間撹拌して、PSTMIM/アセトニトリル溶液を得た。次に、この具体的実施例17において上で述べたように膜を作製した。
これらの結果は、コポリマー及びターポリマーの両方がヘルパー膜であるが、スチレン、ビニルベンジル−Rs及びビニルベンジル−Rxのターポリマー(Rsは正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基であり、RxはCl、OH、及びOH−と膜中のポリマーとの間の反応生成物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの要素であり、ビニルベンジル−Rx基の全質量は、膜の全質量の0.3%を超える)は、ビニルベンジル−Rx基の全質量が膜の全質量の0.3%未満であるコポリマー又はターポリマーよりも優れていることを示している。
Claims (9)
- スチレン、ビニルベンジル−Rs及びビニルベンジル−Rxのターポリマーを含むアニオン伝導性ポリマー膜であって、
Rsは正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基であり、
Rxは、Cl、OH、及びOH又はClと単純なアミン又は環状アミン以外の化学種との反応生成物からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの要素であり、
前記ビニルベンジル−Rx基の全質量は前記膜の全質量の0.3%を超える、
アニオン伝導性ポリマー膜。 - 前記膜が10〜300マイクロメートルの厚さを有する、請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記ビニルベンジル−Rx基の全質量が、前記膜の全質量の0.3%〜25%である、請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記ビニルベンジル−Rx基の全質量が、前記膜の全質量の1%〜15%である、請求項3に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記ビニルベンジル−Rs基の全質量が、前記膜の全質量の15%〜90%である、請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記膜が、
(1)炭素繊維紙ガス拡散層上に6mg/cm2の銀ナノ粒子を含むカソードを作製すること;
(2)炭素繊維紙ガス拡散層上に3mg/cm2のRuO2を含むアノードを作製すること;
(3)ポリマー膜試験材料を作製すること;
(4)前記アノードと前記カソードの間に前記膜試験材料を挟むこと、前記カソード上に配置された銀ナノ粒子を有する前記カソードの面が前記膜の片面に面し、前記アノード上に配置されたRuO2を有する前記アノードの面が前記膜の反対面と面することで膜電極アセンブリが形成される;
(5)前記膜電極アセンブリを燃料電池ハードウェアアセンブリに取り付けること;
(6)前記燃料電池ハードウェアアセンブリが室温及び大気圧にある間に、50℃で加湿されたCO2の流れをカソード反応物流チャネルに導き、アノード反応物流チャネルを室温及び室圧で大気に開放したままにすること;
(7)前記アノードと前記カソードとの間の電気的接続を介して3.0Vのセル電圧を印加すること;
(8)セルを流れる電流及びカソード流チャネルの出口でのCO及びH2の濃度を測定すること;
(9)CO選択率を以下のように計算すること:
(10)前記膜の平均電流密度が少なくとも20mA/cm2(前記cm2は、触媒粒子により覆われた前記カソードガス拡散層の面積として測定され、)であり、前記CO選択率が3.0Vのセル電圧で少なくとも50%である場合に、前記膜をヘルパー膜として同定すること;
を含む試験を適用することにより同定することが可能なヘルパー膜である、請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。 - 前記正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基がイミダゾリウム又はピリジニウムである、請求項1に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基がアルキルピリジニウムである、請求項7に記載のポリマー膜。
- 前記正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基がテトラメチルイミダゾリウムである、請求項7に記載のポリマー膜。
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WO2017176599A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
KR20180132774A (ko) | 2018-12-12 |
JP6585859B2 (ja) | 2019-10-02 |
EP3440239A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
AU2017246207B2 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
AU2017246207A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
EP3440239B1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
CN108884579B (zh) | 2019-08-16 |
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