JP2019514393A - 細胞に基づくネオ抗原ワクチンおよびその使用 - Google Patents
細胞に基づくネオ抗原ワクチンおよびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、National Institutes of Healthによって付与されたCA114536およびCA136551の下、政府の支援を受けてなされた。政府は、本発明に一定の権利を有する。
本願に関連する配列表は、紙コピーの代わりにテキスト形式で提供され、これによって参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。配列表を含むテキストファイルの名称は、360056_440WO_SEQUENCE_LISTING.txtである。このテキストファイルは181KBであり、2017年5月3日に作成されたものであり、EFS−Web経由で電子的に提出されることになる。
一部の態様では、本開示は、1種または複数種の外因性ネオ抗原を発現するT細胞などの免疫細胞を含む免疫原性組成物またはワクチンを提供する。
ある特定の態様では、本開示は、1種または複数種の外因性ネオ抗原および免疫原性エンハンサーを含む免疫細胞(例えば、T細胞)を提供する。一部の実施形態では、本明細書に開示した外因性ネオ抗原および免疫原性エンハンサーを含む免疫細胞を、ネオ抗原に対する免疫応答を誘発または追加刺激するための免疫原性組成物またはワクチンに使用することができる。例えば、本明細書に記載する実施形態のいずれかでは、T細胞を、外因性ネオ抗原を発現するように改変する。そのような操作されたT細胞によって送達されるネオ抗原は、被験体に投与された際の免疫原性が高く、ネオ抗原(複数可)の1つまたは複数のエピトープに対する高頻度の長続きするT細胞応答を誘発することができる。ネオ抗原を産生する細胞を有することが分かっている被験体に移入されたT細胞は、ネオ抗原刺激が起こり得る二次リンパ器官に効率的に移動することができ、また、ネオ抗原を産生する細胞に対して、他のT細胞を間接的に(樹状細胞によって媒介される)または直接的に活性化することができる。さらに、長続きするT細胞応答が生じることにより、ネオ抗原(例えば、腫瘍ネオ抗原)に関連する疾患の再燃または再発が防止され得る。
別の態様では、本開示は、1種または複数種のネオ抗原および免疫原性エンハンサーをコードする核酸分子、ならびにそのようなネオ抗原および免疫原性エンハンサーを宿主細胞(例えば、T細胞)において発現させるための発現構築物を提供する。
さらなる態様では、外因性ネオ抗原および免疫原性エンハンサー、ならびに任意選択で任意の他の活性な分子を発現する免疫細胞またはリンパ球を調製するための方法およびキットが提供される。
一部の態様では、医薬組成物、免疫原性、組成物、およびワクチンが提供される。一部の実施形態では、ロバストな免疫細胞応答を誘発するまたは追加刺激するための治療ワクチンが提供される。ある特定の実施形態では、ワクチンは、外因性ネオ抗原を発現するように改変された免疫細胞を含む。
外因性抗原を発現するT細胞は、抗原に対する応答をin vivoで刺激および追加刺激し得る
候補ネオ抗原を発現するように遺伝子操作された自己T細胞遺伝子(「TVAX」)を用いたワクチン接種を調査するためのマウスモデルを開発した。このモデルは、TVAX作用の機構を試験するため、およびワクチン免疫を強化するための戦略を評価するために使用することができる。オボアルブミン(「OVA」)をモデル抗原として使用した。なぜなら、OVA特異的T細胞を定量するための試薬が容易に入手可能であり、また、OVA発現腫瘍は腫瘍根絶の免疫機構を調査するために広く使用されているからである(Dranoff、Nat. Rev. Immunol.、12巻:61頁、2012年)。OVAを発現するように形質導入されたマウスT細胞が免疫原性であるかどうかを決定するために、野生型B6マウス(The Jackson Laboratory、USA)に、少数の、CD45.1で類遺伝子的に標識したナイーブOVA特異的OT−1 CD8+T細胞を播種し、次いで、2つの用量レベルの、全長OVAを発現する野生型T細胞(本明細書では、「TOVA」細胞と称される)のうちの一方、またはGFPを発現する対照T細胞を用いてワクチン接種した。抗原特異的OT−1細胞のin vivoにおける拡大を、類遺伝子性CD45.1マーカーを用いて追跡した。
T細胞に基づくワクチンを開発するためのマウスモデル
実施例1のTOVAモデルなどのマウスモデルを、TVAXの効果の基礎をなす機構を解明するため、T細胞に基づくワクチンレジメンを開発するため、およびT細胞の腫瘍関連抗原に対する免疫応答を誘発する能力を潜在的に向上させる追加の遺伝子改変を同定するために使用することができる。実施例3〜8にTOVAマウスモデルを使用した一連の実験を記載する。以下の材料および方法を使用した。
全てのマウス実験を実施例1において上記の通り6週齢の雄C57BL/6マウスで実施した。一部の実験では、ワクチンを構築するためのT細胞ドナーを、ベータアクチンプロモーターの制御下でニワトリオボアルブミンを発現するB6バックグラウンドマウス(The Jackson Laboratory)から得た。オボアルブミンSIINFEKLエピトープ(本発明においてモデルネオ抗原として使用される)に特異的なTCRについてトランスジェニックであるOT−IマウスをCD45.1マウスと交配させて(どちらもThe Jackson Laboratoryから入手した)、OT−IトランスジェニックTCRについてヘテロ接合性であり、類遺伝子性CD45.1マーカーについてホモ接合性であるマウスを作出した。
mtIL12構築物(Panら、Mol. Ther.、20巻(5号):927〜937頁(2012年))のコード配列をPCRによって増幅し、NEBuilderクローニングキット(NEB)を使用してレトロウイルスベクターMP71(Engelsら、Hum. Gene Ther.、14巻(12号):1155〜1168頁(2003年))のNotI−EcoRI部位にクローニングしてプラスミドpJV1を作製した。コドン最適化されたマウスGM−CSFをコードする合成DNA断片を合成し(Life Sciences)、MP71のNotI−EcoRI部位にクローニングしてpJV8を作製した。プラスミドpJV99を、N末端において融合するマウスCD19の切断型をコードする直鎖DNA断片をニワトリオボアルブミン由来のSIINFEKLエピトープおよびListeria monocytogenesリステリオリシンOのLLO190エピトープ(NEKYAQAYPNVS)(グリシン−セリンリンカーで連結したエピトープ)をコードする直鎖配列と融合させ、これをレトロウイルスベクターMP71のNotI−EcoRI部位にクローニングすることによって作製した。プラスミドpJV94を、Robert Schrieberおよび共同研究者により同定された(Gubinら、Nature、515巻(7528号):577〜581頁(2014年))マウスLama4およびAlg8遺伝子の変異したエピトープを含有する配列でpJV72のSIINFEKL配列を置き換えることによって得た。上記の参考文献および供給源からのプラスミド、構築物、ベクター、およびその配列は、それらの全体として参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
5〜10週齢のマウスドナー由来の総T細胞を、EasySep(商標)マウスCD8精製キット(STEMCELL Technologies、Vancouver、BC、Canada)を使用して脾臓から単離し、マウスIL−2を補充したマウスT細胞培地中、マウスCD3/CD28 dynabeads(Thermo Fisher Scientific(Waltham、MA、USA))を用いて刺激した。リン酸カルシウムトランスフェクションを使用してPlat−E細胞(Cell Biolabs,Inc.、San Diego、CA、USA)にプラスミドレトロウイルス構築物をトランスフェクトすることによってレトロウイルスを産生させ、トランスフェクションから+2日目および+3日目にウイルス上清を回収した。ウイルス上清を遠心分離によってレトロネクチン(retronectin)上に濃縮し、刺激の+1日目および+2日目にT細胞にウイルスを用いて形質導入した。抗原の形質導入を、mCD19発現;抗IL12抗体(Biolegend)を用いた膜係留型IL−12、およびELISAによるGM−CSFによってモニターした。刺激の+3日目に、細胞を、マウスIL−15を補充した培地に移動させ、刺激の+5日目にビーズを除去し、刺激の+6日目に細胞を凍結保存したまたはマウスに移入した。一部の実験については、OVAを構成的に発現するドナー由来のT細胞に、膜係留型IL−12および/または分泌型GM−CSFを含有するウイルスを用いて同時形質導入した。他の実験については、野生型ドナー由来のT細胞に、膜係留型IL−12および/もしくは分泌型GM−CSFを含有するウイルスならびに/または抗原を含有するウイルスの組み合わせを用いて形質導入した。
OT−Iマウスが関与する実験では、EasySepキットを使用してCD8+細胞を単離し、ワクチン接種実験に関してはワクチン接種の前日にマウス当たり500個の細胞を移入し、B16腫瘍実験に関してはマウス当たり100個の細胞を移入した。2×105個のワクチン細胞を刺激用量のために移入し、腫瘍実験ではこれを14日ごとに反復した。追加刺激用量を、注射前にマウスIL15を含有する培地中で終夜静置した凍結保存細胞を使用して実施した。
免疫原性エンハンサーの発現によりTvax免疫応答が改善される
理論により拘束されることを望むものではないが、本開示のTVAX細胞は、例えば二次リンパ組織および腫瘍部位にネオ抗原の提示を局在化させ、そして濃縮し得る。モデルTAAを提示するT細胞に基づくワクチンは、マウス黒色腫モデルにおけるある程度の有効性を以前示したが、この効果のためには多数の既存の抗原特異的T細胞が必要である。Tvax細胞をそれらの免疫原性が増大するように改変し、それによりこの必要性を克服することができるかどうかを調査した。本実験では、マウスにトランスジェニックドナーCD45.1+/+TCROT−1+/−CD8+T細胞500個を注射した。注射後+1日目に、マウスにT細胞ワクチン(TOVA細胞2×105個)を投与した。3群のTOVA細胞は、膜係留型IL−12、分泌型GM−CSFまたはその両方をさらに発現するものであった。次いで、+7日目にマウスから採血し、T細胞をCD45.1について染色した。図5A。この実験からのデータは図5Bに示されている。免疫原性エンハンサーのいずれかまたは両方を発現するTOVA細胞を注射した動物では、非改変TOVAを受けた動物と比べてOT−1特異的CD8+T細胞の有意な増加が示された。mtIL−12と分泌型GM−CSFの同時発現により最も強力な最適化効果が生じた。これらのデータから、mtIL−12およびGM−CSFなどの免疫原性エンハンサー分子を発現するように改変されたTVAX細胞はロバストな増殖およびメモリー形成を誘導することが示される。そのような細胞は、多数の既存の抗原特異的T細胞を必要とせずに治療的利益を達成するために有用であり得る。
TVAX細胞によるCD8刺激は交差提示によって起こる
TVAXによる刺激または追加刺激は、TVAXによる直接提示によってまたは宿主DCからの交差提示によって起こり得る。TVAXによる直接提示が起こるかどうかを試験するために、マウスに、CD4.5+/+TCROT−1+/−CD8+T細胞500個を注射し、次いで、クラスI MHC+細胞またはb2m−/−TOVA細胞2×105個を用いてワクチン接種し、採血し、CD45.1について染色した(図6A)。図6Bに示されている通り、MHC I+細胞を注射した群とb2m−/−TOVA細胞を注射した群の間で有意差は見られず、また、OT−1特異的CD8+T細胞の百分率は免疫エンハンサー分子の発現で上昇した。これらのデータから、CD8刺激にTVAXによる直接提示は必要ないことが示される。
TVAXは内因性CD8およびCD4応答を刺激する
次に、TVAXが内因性CD8およびCD4応答を刺激し得るかどうかを問うた。CD8実験に関しては、マウスに、模擬対照、mtIL−12およびGM−CSFを発現するが抗原は発現しないT細胞、OVAのみを発現するT細胞、または抗原および両方の免疫原性エンハンサー分子を発現するT細胞を注射した。注射後+7日目に、OVA特異的CD8+T細胞についてのテトラマー染色を実施した。CD4実験に関しては、マウスに、模擬対照、ウイルスにより形質導入されたCD4モデル抗原(LLO190)を発現するが免疫原性エンハンサーは発現しないT細胞、または抗原およびアジュバント分子を発現するT細胞を注射した。+7日目に、細胞内インターフェロン染色を実施した(図7A)。図7Bに示されている通り、抗原と免疫原性エンハンサー分子の同時発現により、他の試験群よりも有意に高いCD8テトラマー染色が示された。CD4実験においても同様の結果が見られ、抗原および免疫原性エンハンサーを同時発現するT細胞の注射により、はるかに高レベルの細胞内サイトカインがもたらされた(図7C)。
mtIL12を有するTVAXは移植可能腫瘍モデルにおいて治療的に有効である
ネオ抗原を対象とした場合のTvaxの効果を移植可能腫瘍モデルにおいて試験することができる。B16F10移植可能黒色腫モデルは、重度に変異した腫瘍である。移植可能モデルでは慢性の抗原曝露に対する寛容性の問題が十分に対処されないが、B16モデルは免疫原性が低く、したがって、免疫療法の比較的ストリンジェントな試験であると考えられる。
TVAXはマウスネオ抗原に対する免疫応答を誘導する
OVAなどのモデル抗原に対するT細胞応答は、がんに存在する抗原に対する応答よりも惹起するのが容易である。ネオ抗原特異的T細胞の効果を評価するために、mtIL12+GM−CSF+T細胞を形質導入して、マウス肉腫ネオ抗原Lama4またはAlg8(Gubinら、Nature、515巻(7528号):577〜581頁(2014年)に記載されている)、および任意選択でCD4ヘルパー抗原LLO190を発現させた(図9A)。表示した日にマウスから採血し、抗原特異的細胞を、テトラマー陽性である、血液中のCD8+T細胞の割合として測定した。模擬ワクチン接種動物の分析からの、この実験におけるこれらのテトラマーについての検出限界は0.1%であった。群当たりN=3。エラーバーは、平均値の標準誤差を表す。注射後13日目にテトラマー染色を実施した。結果は図9Bに示されている。アジュバント分子を発現するT細胞により、両方のネオ抗原に対するロバストなワクチン応答が誘導され、ヘルパー抗原の追加の存在下で最高レベルのテトラマー染色(CD8+T細胞の百分率として)が見られた。
Tovaにより誘導される免疫応答は、ワクチン追加刺激によって高められる
ワクチンレジメンは、多くの場合、最初の刺激投与、その後、次の1回または複数回の追加刺激注射からなる。実施例7に記載の実験の後、マウスを、LLO190 CD4抗原と融合したalg8およびlama4ネオ抗原のタンデムなミニ遺伝子をコードするウイルス、ならびに膜係留型IL−12および分泌型GM−CSFをコードする2種の追加のウイルスを用いて形質導入した同系T細胞2×105個の静脈内注射によって刺激した。+28日目に、マウスを、ネオ抗原alg8およびlama4をコードするウイルスをレトロウイルスにより形質導入した同系T細胞4×105個の静脈内注射によって追加刺激した。データは図9Cに示されている。表示した日にマウスから採血し、抗原特異的細胞を、テトラマー陽性である血液中のCD8+T細胞の割合として測定した。模擬ワクチン接種動物の分析からの、この実験におけるこれらのテトラマーについての検出限界は0.1%であった。群当たりN=3。エラーバーは、平均値の標準誤差を表す。図9Cに示されている通り、追加刺激注射により免疫応答が有意に増大した。
ヒトT細胞における外因性遺伝子の安定な組み込みのためのトランスポゾン系
個人向けのがんワクチンを開発するためには、患者の腫瘍において予測されるネオ抗原に基づいて各患者に対する新しいワクチン構築物を作製する必要がある。結果として、T細胞遺伝子改変のための臨床グレードのレトロウイルスの作製は実施不能である。したがって、piggyBac(PB)トランスポゾンを使用して、T細胞への形質導入のための非ウイルス遺伝子送達方法を開発した。抗原を発現するT細胞の精製および拡大が可能になるようにPB系を適合させるために、改変T細胞をCD19発現に基づいて選択するために、細胞表面マーカーである切断型ヒトCD19(tCD19)もコードするように構築物を設計した。
単球由来樹状細胞へのRNA電気穿孔により、末梢血由来のメモリーCD8+およびCD4+T細胞が効率的に拡大する
成功裏のワクチン試験には、免疫原性抗原の正確な予測およびワクチンの製造、ならびにワクチン接種の前に存在するまたはワクチンに応答して誘発された抗原特異的T細胞応答を同定および定量化するための信頼できるツールが必要である。T細胞に基づくネオ抗原ワクチンに関しては、免疫原性ネオ抗原についてスクリーニングするためにTvax細胞を使用することができるが、クラスII抗原の直接提示についてのそれらの効率は、抗原をクラスIおよびクラスII MHCの両方でCD4+およびCD8+T細胞の両方に直接提示し、また、T細胞をin vitroで最適に刺激するための共刺激分子を発現する樹状細胞(DC)または活性化B細胞の効率よりも低い。
非小細胞肺がん(NSCLC)および黒色腫の臨床試料からの候補ネオ抗原の同定
血液試料および腫瘍試料を非小細胞肺がん(NSCLC)患者(4)および黒色腫患者(2)から得た。DNAを保存用の固定組織から単離し、SureSelect(Agilent Technologies)、その後、ペアエンド100配列決定を使用してエキソーム捕捉を実施した。MuTect(Cibulskisら、Nature Biotechnology、31巻:213頁、2013年)、VarScan(Koboldtら、Bioinformatics、25巻:2283頁、2009年;Koboldtら、Genome Research、22巻:568頁、2012年)、およびStrelka(Saundersら、Bioinformatics、28巻:1811頁、2012年)からのミスセンス変異の連合を、Cancer Genome Atlasデータセットからの50の同様の腫瘍のトリム平均発現を使用して、百万当たり0.5を上回る転写物の発現についてフィルタリングした(上位および下位の十分位数は除去した)。ナンセンスに媒介される減衰を受けないフレームシフト変異を、VarScanとStrelkaの連合を使用して同定した。この手法を使用して、ナンセンスに媒介される減衰を受けなかった265のミスセンス変異および8のフレームシフト変異を同定した。図10、上の概略図を参照されたい。
免疫原性ネオ抗原の同定および特徴付け
患者に特異的なMHCアレルへのネオ抗原結合を予測するため、およびTVAX細胞に組み入れるための候補ネオ抗原を選択するために、配列バリアントのコンピュータによる分析を使用した。試料をNSCLC患者4名および黒色腫患者2名から得、ゲノム分析に供した。発現した、タンパク質をコードするバリアントを実施例11において上記の通り同定した。HLAタイピングをエキソームデータからOptiType(Szolekら、Bioinformatics、30巻(23号):3310〜3316頁(2014年))を使用して決定し、ミスセンス変異およびフレームシフト変異を、自己MHCアレルに結合することが予測される新規ペプチドの形成についてNetMHCpan(Trolleら、Bioinformatics、31巻(13号):2174〜2181頁(2015年))を使用して分析した。
NSCLCを処置する方法
免疫チェックポイント分子阻害剤療法を受けているNSCLC患者におけるネオ抗原反応性T細胞を用いた処置の相関的縦断的研究を行う。研究用コア針生検材料をNSCLC患者から免疫チェックポイント遮断療法の開始前に得る。これらの患者の血液中で既存のネオ抗原特異的T細胞応答が同定できる場合には、これらの抗原特異的T細胞に関連する独特のT細胞受容体ベータ(TCRB)配列を同定する(Adaptive Biotechnologies)。TCRBの全体的な配列決定は、TCR頻度の感度が高く、定量的な尺度であるので、この技術を使用して、免疫チェックポイント阻害療法中のこれらの患者の腫瘍および縦断的な血液試料中のネオ抗原特異的T細胞を列挙する。テトラマー試薬をCD8+抗原特異的T細胞に対して作製し、これにより、細胞表現型の縦断的分析が可能になる。次いで、肺がん免疫療法中にネオ抗原特異的T細胞の表現型および局在を観察する。腫瘍遺伝子発現および微小環境の知見と組み合わせて、これらの観察から、応答についての予測的なバイオマーカー、または処置に対する抵抗性の機構が示唆され得る。
自己TVAXによるネオ抗原特異的T細胞の活性化
この原理証明実験では、ヒト肺がん患者由来のT細胞を、piggy bacトランスポゾン系を使用して、ネオ抗原を発現するように改変し、ネオ抗原に特異的な内因性T細胞を活性化するために使用した。プラスミドpJV53を、マウスIgκ鎖に由来するER標的化シグナルペプチド(配列番号1)をコードする直鎖断片と、ヒト肺がん患者において同定されたTERF1変異、およびT2A skip配列に連結されたヒトクラスI MHCのC末端ドメイン、および切断型ヒトCD19をコードする配列を、piggy bacトランスポゾン配列を含有するベクターPB713B(System Biosciences、Palo Alto、CA、USA)にクローニングすることによって作製した。piggy bacトランスポザーゼを含有するプラスミドpb200pa−1をSystem Biosciencesから得た。Nakazawaら(J. Immunother.、32巻(8号):826頁(2009年))の方法に従って、TERF1トランスポゾンを細胞に導入した。簡単に述べると、凍結保存したヒトPBMCを、5ng/mlの組換えヒトIL−15を含有する培地中で終夜静置し、次いで、2bヌクレオフェクター(Lonza、Basel、SU)を製造者の指示に従って使用し、プログラムU−014を使用して、溶液V中5ugのトランスポゾンpJV53および5ugのトランスポザーゼpb200pa−1プラスミドDNAでヌクレオフェクトした。細胞を、5ng/mlのIL−15を伴うCTL中で24時間静置し、次いで、5ng/mlのIL−15を伴うCTL中で3/28ヒトdynabeadsを7日間用いて刺激した。刺激の+7日目に、CD19マイクロビーズ(Miltenyi Bio)を製造者の指示に従って使用し、表面マーカー切断型CD19を使用して改変細胞を濃縮し、次いで、以前に記載されている通り迅速な拡大プロトコールによって拡大させた。迅速な拡大の+21日目に細胞を抗原の提示についてアッセイした。
がん患者由来のネオ抗原の同定および試験
血液試料および腫瘍試料を肺がん患者および黒色腫がん患者から実施例11に記載の通り得た。公的に入手可能なアルゴリズムMutectおよびStrelkaを使用して、全エキソーム配列決定によって候補変異を同定した。これらのアルゴリズムの両方により同定された変異をバリアントアレル頻度によってフィルタリングし、Cancer Genome Atlasにおける同様の腫瘍からの発現によって、または腫瘍のRNA seqが利用可能な場合にはこれによって順位づけた。各患者からの上位の約46変異をスクリーニングのために選択した。
Claims (110)
- 疾患または障害に関連する外因性ネオ抗原をコードするポリヌクレオチドおよび免疫原性エンハンサーをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含むT細胞。
- 前記ネオ抗原が、腫瘍ネオ抗原を含む、請求項1に記載のT細胞。
- 複数のネオ抗原を含む、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 2種から約20種までのネオ抗原を含む、請求項3に記載のT細胞。
- 2種から約10種までのネオ抗原を含む、請求項3または4に記載のT細胞。
- ナイーブT細胞、セントラルメモリーT細胞、ナイーブセントラルメモリーT細胞、エフェクターメモリーT細胞、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせである、請求項1から5までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- CD4+T細胞、CD8+T細胞またはその両方である、請求項1から6までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- ヒトT細胞である、請求項1から7までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 前記免疫原性エンハンサーが、IL−12、GM−CSF、誘導性細胞死因子、細菌フラジェリン、CD80、CD137L、CD40L、分泌型IL−2、CD25非依存的にT細胞に結合する分泌型IL−2、分泌型IL−15、分泌型IL−15−IL−15Rα複合体、分泌型IFNβ、分泌型IFN−α1、分泌型IL−7、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 前記免疫原性エンハンサーが、IL−12を含む、請求項1から9までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 前記IL−12が、前記T細胞の細胞表面に局在するIL−12融合タンパク質を含む、請求項10に記載のT細胞。
- 前記IL−12融合タンパク質が、(a)IL−12ドメイン;および(b)膜貫通ドメインを含む、請求項11に記載のT細胞。
- 前記IL−12融合タンパク質が、(c)前記融合タンパク質を分泌経路に導くシグナルドメインをさらに含む、請求項12に記載のT細胞。
- 前記免疫原性エンハンサーが、IL−12およびGM−CSFを含む、請求項9から13までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 前記免疫原性エンハンサーが、誘導性細胞死因子を含む、請求項9から14までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 前記誘導性細胞死因子が、セリン/トレオニンキナーゼ3(RIPK3)と相互作用する受容体を含む、請求項15に記載のT細胞。
- 前記誘導性細胞死因子が、細胞死シグナル伝達ドメインおよびマルチマー形成ドメインを含む融合タンパク質を含む、請求項15に記載のT細胞。
- 前記細胞死シグナル伝達ドメインが、RIPK3キナーゼドメインを含み、前記マルチマー形成ドメインが、FK506結合タンパク質またはそのマルチマー形成部分を含む、請求項17に記載のT細胞。
- 前記免疫原性エンハンサーが、細菌フラジェリンを含む、請求項9から18までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 前記細菌フラジェリンが、Salmonellaフェーズ1フラジェリンを含む、請求項19に記載のT細胞。
- 前記細菌フラジェリンが、前記T細胞の細胞表面に局在する細菌フラジェリン融合タンパク質を含む、請求項19または20に記載のT細胞。
- 前記細菌フラジェリン融合タンパク質が、(a)細菌フラジェリンドメイン;および(b)膜貫通ドメインを含む、請求項21に記載のT細胞。
- 前記細菌フラジェリン融合タンパク質が、(c)前記融合タンパク質を分泌経路に導くシグナルドメインをさらに含む、請求項22に記載のT細胞。
- 外因性共刺激分子をさらに含む、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 前記共刺激分子が、CD80、CD86、B7RP1、CD137L、OX40L、CD70、CD30L、CD154、ICAM−1、CD2BP2、LIGHT、KLRD1、CD83に特異的に結合するリガンド、CD137(4−1BB)のアゴニスト、CD134(OX−40)のアゴニスト、CD27のアゴニスト、CD28のアゴニスト、CD40のアゴニスト、CD122のアゴニスト、GITRのアゴニスト、ICOSのアゴニスト、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む、請求項24に記載のT細胞。
- 前記共刺激分子が、CD80を含む、請求項25に記載のT細胞。
- 前記共刺激分子が、CD137Lを含む、請求項24から26までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 前記共刺激分子が、前記T細胞の細胞表面に局在する、請求項24から27までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞。
- 疾患または障害に関連する外因性ネオ抗原と、免疫細胞の細胞表面に局在するIL−12融合タンパク質を含む免疫原性エンハンサーとを含む免疫細胞であって、B細胞、ナチュラルキラー細胞、樹状細胞、マクロファージ、単球、巨核球、肥満細胞、血小板、赤血球、および顆粒球から選択される免疫細胞。
- 前記IL−12融合タンパク質が、(a)IL−12ドメイン;および(b)膜貫通ドメインを含む、請求項29に記載の免疫細胞。
- 前記IL−12融合タンパク質が、(c)前記融合タンパク質を分泌経路に導くシグナルドメインをさらに含む、請求項30に記載の免疫細胞。
- GM−CSF、誘導性細胞死因子、細菌フラジェリン、CD80、CD137L、CD40L、分泌型IL−2、CD25非依存的にT細胞に結合する分泌型IL−2、分泌型IL−15、分泌型IL−15−IL−15Rα複合体、分泌型IFNβ、分泌型IFN−α1、分泌型IL−7、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせから選択される第2の免疫原性エンハンサーをさらに含む、請求項30から32までのいずれか一項に記載の免疫細胞。
- (a)請求項1から28までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞または請求項29から32までのいずれか一項に記載の免疫細胞、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせ、および(b)薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤もしくは賦形剤を含む、組成物。
- 疾患または障害を処置するための方法であって、請求項1から28までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞、請求項29から32までのいずれか一項に記載の免疫細胞、または請求項33に記載の組成物を有効量でそれを必要とするヒト被験体に投与するステップを含む、方法。
- ネオ抗原の発現に関連する疾患または障害を有するヒト被験体を処置するための方法であって、請求項1から28までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞、請求項29から32までのいずれか一項に記載の免疫細胞、または請求項33に記載の組成物を有効量で前記被験体に投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記疾患または前記障害の再燃または再発が防止される、請求項34または35に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞、前記免疫細胞、または前記組成物が複数回投与される、請求項34から36までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 投与間の期間が、1週間、2週間、3週間、および1カ月から選択される、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患または前記障害が、ウイルス感染、細菌感染、過剰増殖性障害、または自己免疫疾患である、請求項34から38までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患または前記障害が、過剰増殖性疾患または障害である、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖性疾患または障害が血液学的悪性疾患または固形がんである、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖性疾患または障害が、急性リンパ芽球性白血病(ALL)、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)、慢性好酸球性白血病(CEL)、骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)、非ホジキンリンパ腫(NHL)および多発性骨髄腫(MM)から選択される血液学的悪性疾患である、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖性疾患または障害が、胆管がん、膀胱がん、骨および軟部組織癌腫、脳腫瘍、乳がん、子宮頸がん、結腸がん、結腸直腸腺癌、結腸直腸がん、類腱腫、胚性がん、子宮内膜がん、食道がん、胃がん、胃腺癌、多形膠芽腫、婦人科腫瘍、頭頸部扁平上皮癌、肝臓がん、肺がん、中皮腫、悪性黒色腫、神経芽腫、骨肉腫、卵巣がん、膵臓がん、膵管腺癌、原発性星状細胞腫瘍、原発性甲状腺がん、前立腺がん、腎臓がん、腎細胞癌、横紋筋肉腫、皮膚がん、軟部組織肉腫、精巣胚細胞腫瘍、尿路上皮がん、子宮肉腫および子宮がんから選択される固形がんである、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖性疾患または障害が肺がんである、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰増殖性疾患または障害が悪性黒色腫である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞または前記免疫細胞が、前記ヒト被験体に対して同系、同種異系、または自己のものである、請求項34から45までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞または前記免疫細胞が、前記ヒト被験体に対して自己のものである、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 追加の補助治療剤を投与するステップをさらに含む、請求項34から47までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記リンパ球または前記組成物が、前記補助治療剤と同時にまたは逐次的に投与される、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 前記補助治療剤が、化学療法;免疫チェックポイント分子の阻害剤;共刺激分子;免疫原性を高める分子;細胞療法;またはワクチンを含む、請求項48または49に記載の方法。
- 前記補助治療剤が、化学療法を含む、請求項48から50までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記補助治療剤が、免疫チェックポイント分子の阻害剤を含む、請求項48から51までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント分子の阻害剤が、PD−1、PD−L1、またはPD−L2、LAG3、CTLA4、B7−H3、B7−H4、CD244/2B4、HVEM、BTLA、CD160、TIM3、GAL9、KIR、PVR1G(CD112R)、PVRL2、アデノシン、A2aR、免疫抑制性サイトカイン、IDO、アルギナーゼ、VISTA、TIGIT、LAIR1、CEACAM−1、CEACAM−3、CEACAM−5、Treg細胞、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせの活性または発現を遮断する作用物質を含む、請求項52に記載の方法。
- 前記PD−1、PD−L1、またはPD−L2の活性または発現を遮断する作用物質が、PD−1に結合する抗体を含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記補助治療剤が、共刺激分子を含む、請求項48から54までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記共刺激分子が、CD80、CD86、B7RP1、CD137L、OX40L、CD70、CD30L、CD154、ICAM−1、CD2BP2、LIGHT、KLRD1、CD83に特異的に結合するリガンド、CD137(4−1BB)のアゴニスト、CD134(OX−40)のアゴニスト、CD27のアゴニスト、CD28のアゴニスト、CD40のアゴニスト、CD122のアゴニスト、GITRのアゴニスト、ICOSのアゴニスト、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記共刺激分子が、CD80を含む、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記共刺激分子が、CD137Lを含む、請求項56または57に記載の方法。
- 前記補助治療剤が、ワクチンを含む、請求項48から58までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- アジュバントを投与するステップをさらに含む、請求項34から59までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アジュバントが、ミョウバンまたはアルミニウム塩、GM−CSF、ガンマイヌリン、ISCOM、リポソーム、MF59、モノホスホリルリピドA、ビロソームおよび他のウイルス様粒子、またはAquilaのQS−21 stimulonを含む、請求項60に記載の方法。
- ネオ抗原をコードする核酸分子を含むトランスポゾン発現構築物。
- (a)プロモーター;(b)第1のpiggyBacトランスポゾン逆方向反復;(b)前記ネオ抗原をコードする前記核酸分子;および(c)第2のpiggyBacトランスポゾン逆方向反復を含み、前記ネオ抗原をコードする前記核酸分子が、前記第1のpiggyBacトランスポゾン逆方向反復と前記第2のpiggyBacトランスポゾン逆方向反復の間に位置する、請求項62に記載のトランスポゾン発現構築物。
- 前記トランスポゾン発現構築物が、プラスミド中に存在する、請求項62または63に記載のトランスポゾン発現構築物。
- 細胞表面マーカーをコードする核酸分子をさらに含む、請求項62から64までのいずれか一項に記載のトランスポゾン発現構築物。
- 前記細胞表面マーカーが、切断型ヒトCD19、切断型ヒトEGFR、切断型ヒトNGFR、切断型ヒトCD34、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む、請求項65に記載のトランスポゾン発現構築物。
- IL−12、GM−CSF、誘導性細胞死因子、細菌フラジェリン、CD80、CD137L、CD40L、分泌型IL−2、CD25非依存的にT細胞に結合する分泌型IL−2、分泌型IL−15、分泌型IL−15−IL−15受容体アルファ複合体、分泌型IFNβ、分泌型IFN−α1、分泌型IL−7、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせから選択される免疫原性エンハンサーをコードする核酸分子をさらに含む、請求項62から66までのいずれか一項に記載のトランスポゾン発現構築物。
- 請求項62から67までのいずれか一項に記載のトランスポゾン発現構築物を含むキット。
- 請求項62から67までのいずれか一項に記載のトランスポゾン発現構築物を含む宿主細胞。
- piggyBacトランスポザーゼをコードする核酸分子を含むpiggyBacトランスポザーゼ酵素発現構築物をさらに含む、請求項69に記載の宿主細胞。
- 免疫系細胞である、請求項69または70に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記免疫系細胞が、樹状細胞、T細胞、B細胞、ナチュラルキラー細胞、マクロファージ、単球、巨核球、肥満細胞、血小板、赤血球、または顆粒球である、請求項71に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記免疫系細胞が、T細胞である、請求項72に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記T細胞が、ナイーブT細胞、セントラルメモリーT細胞、ナイーブセントラルメモリーT細胞、エフェクターメモリーT細胞、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせである、請求項73に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記T細胞が、CD4+T細胞、CD8+T細胞またはその両方である、請求項73または74に記載の宿主細胞。
- ヒト細胞である、請求項69から75までのいずれか一項に記載の宿主細胞。
- ウイルスベクターをさらに含む、請求項69から76までのいずれか一項に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記ウイルスベクターが、レトロウイルスベクターである、請求項77に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記ウイルスベクターが、レンチウイルスベクターである、請求項80に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記ウイルスベクターが、IL−12、GM−CSF、誘導性細胞死因子、細菌フラジェリン、CD80、CD137L、CD40L、分泌型IL−2、CD25非依存的にT細胞に結合する分泌型IL−2、分泌型IL−15、分泌型IL−15−IL−15受容体アルファ複合体、分泌型IFNβ、分泌型IFN−α1、分泌型IL−7、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせから選択される免疫原性エンハンサーをコードする核酸分子をさらに含む、請求項77から79までのいずれか一項に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記ウイルスベクターが、(a)前記宿主細胞の細胞表面に局在する融合タンパク質中に含まれるIL−12をコードする核酸分子および(b)GM−CSFをコードする核酸分子を含む、請求項80に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記ウイルスベクターが、共刺激分子をコードする核酸分子を含む、請求項77から81までのいずれか一項に記載の宿主細胞。
- 前記核酸分子が、CD80、CD86、B7RP1、CD137L、OX40L、CD70、CD30L、CD154、ICAM−1、CD2BP2、LIGHT、KLRD1、CD83に特異的に結合するリガンド、CD137(4−1BB)のアゴニスト、CD134(OX−40)のアゴニスト、CD27のアゴニスト、CD28のアゴニスト、CD40のアゴニスト、CD122のアゴニスト、GITRのアゴニスト、ICOSのアゴニスト、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む共刺激分子をコードする、請求項82に記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項69から83までのいずれか一項に記載の宿主細胞および薬学的に許容される担体、希釈剤または賦形剤を含む組成物。
- 請求項1から28までのいずれか一項に記載のT細胞を調製する方法であって、前記T細胞に、(a)被験体の試料中で同定されたネオ抗原をコードする核酸分子を含有するpiggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミド;および(b)piggyBacトランスポザーゼをコードする核酸分子を含むプラスミドを導入し、それにより、前記T細胞を調製するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記試料の全エキソームまたはRNA配列決定を使用して前記ネオ抗原を同定するステップ;および前記ネオ抗原をコードする前記核酸分子を前記piggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミドに挿入するステップをさらに含む、請求項85に記載のT細胞を調製する方法。
- ネオ抗原をコードする前記核酸分子が、タンデムなミニ遺伝子を含む、請求項85または86に記載の方法。
- 前記タンデムなミニ遺伝子が、2種から約20種までのネオ抗原を含む、請求項87に記載の方法。
- 前記タンデムなミニ遺伝子が、2種から約10種までのネオ抗原を含む、請求項87または88に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞が、前記被験体に対して同系、同種異系、または自己のものである、請求項85から89までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞が、前記被験体に対して自己のものである、請求項90に記載の方法。
- 前記piggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミドおよび前記piggyBacトランスポザーゼをコードする核酸分子を含むプラスミドが、前記T細胞にex vivoで導入される、請求項85から91までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞に免疫原性エンハンサーをコードする核酸分子を含むプラスミドを導入するステップをさらに含む、請求項85から92までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫原性エンハンサーをコードする核酸分子が、前記piggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミド中に含まれる、請求項93に記載の方法。
- 請求項29から32までのいずれか一項に記載の免疫細胞を調製する方法であって、前記免疫細胞に(a)被験体の試料中で同定されたネオ抗原をコードする核酸分子を含有するpiggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミド、(b)piggyBacトランスポザーゼをコードする核酸分子を含むプラスミド、および(c)前記T細胞の細胞表面に局在するIL−12融合タンパク質をコードする核酸分子を導入し、それにより、前記免疫細胞を調製するステップを含む、方法。
- (c)の核酸分子によりコードされるIL−12融合タンパク質が、IL−12ドメインおよび膜貫通ドメインを含む、請求項95に記載の方法。
- (c)の核酸分子によりコードされるIL−12融合タンパク質が、前記融合タンパク質を分泌経路に導くシグナルドメインをさらに含む、請求項96に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12融合タンパク質をコードする核酸分子が、プラスミド中に含まれる、請求項95から97までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−12融合タンパク質をコードする核酸分子が、(a)のpiggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミド中に含まれる、請求項95から98までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記試料の全エキソームまたはRNA配列決定を使用して前記ネオ抗原を同定するステップ;および前記ネオ抗原をコードする前記核酸分子を前記piggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミドに挿入するステップをさらに含む、請求項95から99までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- ネオ抗原をコードする前記核酸分子が、タンデムなミニ遺伝子を含む、請求項95から100までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記タンデムなミニ遺伝子が、2種から約20種までのネオ抗原を含む、請求項101に記載の方法。
- 前記タンデムなミニ遺伝子が、2種から約10種までのネオ抗原を含む、請求項101または102に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞が、前記被験体に対して同系、同種異系、または自己のものである、請求項95から103までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞が、前記被験体に対して自己のものである、請求項104に記載の方法。
- 前記piggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミドおよび前記piggyBacトランスポザーゼをコードする核酸分子を含むプラスミドが、前記免疫細胞にex vivoで導入される、請求項95から105までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫細胞に第2の免疫原性エンハンサーをコードする核酸分子を含むプラスミドを導入するステップをさらに含む、請求項95から106までのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の免疫原性エンハンサーが、GM−CSFを含む、請求項107に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の免疫原性エンハンサーをコードする核酸分子が、ネオ抗原をコードする核酸分子を含む前記piggyBacトランスポゾンプラスミド中に含まれる、請求項107または108に記載の方法。
- 前記GM−CSFをコードする核酸分子を含むプラスミドが前記免疫細胞にex vivoで導入される、請求項109に記載の方法。
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