JP2019190093A - Fabric form, slope face protection structure and slope face protection method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fabric form in which mortar component oozing out from a top surface of a mat is reduced.SOLUTION: In a fabric form having a bag portion composed of a two-layer fabric of an upper layer fabric and a lower layer fabric, the bag portion has a frazier permeability of the upper layer fabric of 30 cm/cm*sec or less, the frazier permeability of the lower layer fabric is greater than the frazier permeability of the upper layer fabric, and the difference in the frazier permeability between the upper layer fabric and the lower layer fabric is 10 cm/cm*sec or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a cloth formwork, a slope protection structure and a slope protection method using the same.

In the slope protection structure, it is not necessary to lay foundation concrete or lay back-filled crushed stone, and because it can be constructed by a small number of people, it is cheaper than the conventional tension block method. Formwork methods have become popular in recent years.
This construction method is a method in which a cloth form frame made of a bag portion prepared in advance is laid on, for example, a slope, and mortar is injected inside to harden (see Patent Document 1).

When the mortar is poured into the cloth formwork, it is poured in a state of containing a large amount of water in order to uniformly spread the bag. Excess water exudes out of the fabric during the solidification process and is discharged, but at this time, a part of the mortar component also precipitates on the fabric. If an excessive mortar component (NORO) remains on the cloth, it solidifies and closes the cloth, resulting in a decrease in water permeability.
Further, when the mortar component deposited on the cloth is solidified, especially when the color of the cloth is colored green or black, the mortar becomes sticky in white and the appearance is impaired.

For this reason, the mortar component deposited on the cloth is removed by washing the entire protective structure (mat) with water after mortar injection.
In the conventional cloth formwork, when a large amount of mortar components are deposited on the surface, particularly on the top surface of the mat, it takes time for cleaning, and there is a problem that work time and labor time and labor cost are increased.

JP 2006-037455 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional situation, and provides a cloth formwork, a slope protection structure, and a slope protection construction method in which the mortar component oozes out from the top surface of the mat. Objective.

As a result of continuing intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have conceived that the above problems can be solved by making the breathability different between the upper layer fabric and the lower layer fabric, thereby completing the present invention. It came to do.
That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1]
A cloth formwork having a bag portion composed of a two-layer fabric of an upper layer fabric and a lower layer fabric,
The bag portion has a fragile air permeability of the upper layer fabric of 30 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or less,
The fragile breathability of the lower layer fabric is greater than the fragile breathability of the upper layer fabric, and the difference in the fragile breathability between the upper layer fabric and the lower layer fabric is 10 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more. Cloth formwork.
[2]
The cloth formwork according to [1], wherein a cover factor of the upper layer cloth is 750 or more.
[3]
The cloth mold according to [1] or [2], wherein the upper layer fabric is a plain weave.
[4]
The cloth mold according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the lower layer fabric is a twill weave or a mixed weave of a twill weave and a plain weave.
[5]
The cloth mold according to any one of [1] to [4], having a plurality of filter portions made of a single layer woven fabric formed in islands at predetermined intervals inside the bag portion.
[6]
[1]-[5] The cloth formwork in any one of [5] is used, and this cloth formwork is the slope protection structure distribute | arranged by making the said upper layer cloth side into the upper side.
[7]
The following steps:
(1) A step of laying the cloth formwork according to any one of [1] to [5] on a slope with the upper fabric side as an upper side,
(2) a step of placing mortar or concrete inside the bag portion of the cloth formwork, and (3) a step of dehydrating excess water contained in the mortar or concrete through the fabric of the cloth formwork, and (4) After dehydrating excess water contained in the mortar or concrete, washing the surface of the cloth formwork with water;
Slope protection construction method.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a cloth mold, a slope protection structure, and a slope protection construction method in which the mortar component oozes out from the top surface of the mat. As a result, the burden of the cleaning work can be reduced, and as a result, the construction time and cost can be reduced. Moreover, the thickness of the mat can be made uniform.

The top view which shows the example of 1 structure of the cloth formwork of this invention. Sectional drawing of a cloth formwork after placing mortar. Sectional drawing which shows typically the slope protection structure using the cloth formwork of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows typically a mode that the dehydration from a lower layer cloth is collected in an Example. In an Example, the perspective view which shows typically a mode that the dehydration from upper layer cloth is collected.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a configuration example of a cloth mold according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cloth mold after the mortar 10 is placed. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a slope protection structure using the cloth form of the present invention.

In the following description, the case where the mortar 10 is filled and solidified inside the bag portion 2 will be described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, concrete may be filled. .
The cloth formwork 1 of this embodiment has a bag portion 2 composed of a two-layer fabric 5 of an upper layer fabric 3 and a lower layer fabric 4. In the cloth mold 1, the fragile breathability of the upper layer fabric 3 is 30 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or less in the bag portion 2, and the fragile breathability of the lower layer fabric 4 is larger than the fragile breathability of the upper layer fabric 3. And the difference of the fragile air permeability of the upper fabric 3 and the lower fabric 4 is 10 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more.
In this embodiment, the upper layer cloth 3 and the lower layer cloth 4 constituting the bag portion 2 have different fragile air permeability. Specifically, the water permeability from the lower layer fabric 4 is made larger than the water permeability from the upper layer fabric 3 by making the fragile breathability of the lower layer fabric 4 larger than that of the upper layer fabric 3. In other words, by reducing the water permeability of the upper layer fabric 3, the amount of the mortar component (noro) that exudes to the upper layer fabric 3 can be reduced, and the labor and time of the cleaning operation after filling the mortar can be greatly reduced.

In the cloth mold 1, the bag portion 2 is composed of a two-layer fabric 5. The two-layer fabric 5 is composed of an upper layer fabric 3 and a lower layer fabric 4, and is usually obtained by weaving in a bag weave. A mortar 10 or the like is placed in the gap between the two-layer fabric 5. The cloth formwork 1 is laid on, for example, a slope 20 with the upper cloth 3 side as the upper side (front side) (see FIG. 3).
The bag part 2 is provided with an injection port (not shown), from which a mortar 10 or the like is placed in a gap formed by the upper layer cloth 3 and the lower layer cloth 4 of the bag part 2.

In the cloth mold 1 of the present embodiment, the fragile air permeability of the upper layer cloth 3 is 30 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or less. If the fragile breathability of the upper fabric 3 is greater than 30 cm ³ / cm ² · sec, the water permeability of the upper fabric 3 will increase, and the amount of dehydration from the upper fabric 3 will not be sufficiently reduced.
By setting the fragile air permeability of the upper layer fabric 3 to 30 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or less, the amount of dehydration from the upper layer fabric 3 can be sufficiently reduced. However, if the fragile air permeability is too low, the water permeability is reduced and water drainage is worsened. Therefore, the fragile air permeability is preferably 1 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more.
The Frazier permeability is measured by a method based on the JIS L1096A method (Fragile method).

Further, the fragile air permeability of the lower layer fabric 4 is larger than that of the upper layer fabric 3, and the difference in the fragile air permeability between the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4 is 10 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more.
If the difference in fragile air permeability between the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4 is less than 10 cm ³ / cm ² · sec, a difference in water permeability between the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4 is provided, and the amount of dehydration from the upper layer fabric 3 The effect of the present invention to reduce the amount cannot be sufficiently obtained. The effect of this invention can fully be acquired because the difference of the Frazier breathability of the upper layer cloth 3 and the lower layer cloth 4 shall be 10 cm < ³ > / cm < ² > / second or more.

The cover factor (cloth filling degree) of the upper layer fabric 3 is preferably 750 or more. By setting the cover factor to 750 or more, it is possible to reduce the Frazier breathability of the upper layer fabric 3, and thus the water permeability. However, if the cover factor is too large, the air permeability and the water permeability are also reduced, and the water drainage becomes worse. Therefore, the cover factor is preferably 1000 or less.
The cover factor can be obtained by calculation from the count of the raw yarn used and the fabric density. Specifically, the warp direction cover factor is (√ warp total fineness (dtex) x warp density (line / 2.54 cm)), and the weft direction cover factor is (√ weft total fineness (dtex) x weft density (Book / 2.54 cm)). Further, the density per warp and weft fabric is measured per inch (2.54 cm) with a densimeter.

The upper layer fabric 3 is preferably a plain weave. By making the upper layer fabric 3 into a plain weave, the weave density can be increased and the cover factor can be increased. The lower layer fabric 4 is preferably a weave or a mixed weave of a weave and a plain weave.
By changing the weaving specifications between the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4, the fragile breathability and thus the water permeability of the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4 can be made different.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cloth mold 1 may have a plurality of filter portions 6 made of a single layer fabric 7 formed in an island shape at a predetermined interval inside the bag portion 2. By having the filter part 6, drainage becomes favorable and workability | operativity improves. Further, it is possible to reduce the need for the chipping work after the construction, and it is possible to reduce labor costs and labor costs. In addition, in the protective structure after construction, the effect of escaping rain water from the slope can be sufficiently obtained.

As shown in FIG. 2, the lower layer cloth 4 and the upper layer cloth 3 are connected to each other in an island shape with a predetermined interval. That is, the warp and the weft constituting the lower layer fabric 4 and the upper layer fabric 3 are partially woven as a single layer fabric 7 to form the filter portion 6.
As shown in FIG. 1, the filter part 6 is provided in the island shape in the two-layer fabric 5, and is distribute | arranged by the specific space | interval. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the magnitude | size, number, and arrangement | positioning of the filter part 6, Although it selects suitably according to a construction site etc., the one where a space | interval with a narrow space | interval can obtain a more planar placing surface. For example, in FIG. 1, the filter units 6 are arranged in parallel in the vertical and horizontal directions, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a staggered shape may be used.

  As described above, in the cloth mold 1 of the present invention, the amount of dehydration from the upper layer cloth 3 can be reduced, so that the mortar component oozes out from the upper surface of the protective structure (mat). Thereby, the burden of the cleaning work after construction can be reduced, and as a result, construction time and cost can be reduced. Moreover, the thickness of the mat can be made uniform.

Such a cloth mold 1 is manufactured as follows, for example.
The bag portion 2 forming the cloth mold 1 is obtained by weaving a two-layer fabric 5 composed of an upper layer fabric 3 and a lower layer fabric 4 woven with warp and weft.
At this time, by changing the weaving specifications between the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4, the Frazier air permeability and therefore the water permeability between the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4 can be made different.
The upper layer fabric 3 is preferably a plain weave. By making the upper layer fabric 3 into a plain weave, the weave density can be increased, the cover factor can be increased, and the air permeability can be decreased. The lower layer fabric 4 is preferably a weave or a mixed weave of a weave and a plain weave.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the thread | yarn raw material used for the bag part 2, For example, nylon 6, nylon 66, polyamide, polyester, vinylon, a polypropylene, a polyvinylidene chloride etc. are used. The thickness and density of the yarn are selected within a range in which the strength of the bag portion 2 at the time of placing and the surplus water of the slurry after placing can be squeezed out. For example, the thickness of the yarn is 400 to 3300 dtex ( The range of dtex) and the yarn density are selected in the range of 40 to 7 yarns / inch (16 to 27 yarns / cm) for both warp and weft yarns.
The warp and weft may be the same material and color, or may be different materials and colors. In addition, it is preferable to use the thread | yarn which shows substantially the same characteristic for both the warp and the weft in the high elongation of the thread. This is to make the expansion deformation of the bag portion 2 substantially the same when placing. In general, the fabric strength of the bag portion 2 can be obtained at the site of placing the fabric by carrying out fabric design and production control with a lower limit of 150 kg / 3 cm width.
Moreover, when weaving the two-layer fabric 5 composed of the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4, the plurality of filter portions 6 may be formed by forming a plurality of single layer fabrics 7 in an island shape at a predetermined interval. .

The upper layer fabric 3, the lower layer fabric 4 and the filter unit 6 can be woven by a rapier loom incorporating an electronic jacquard device or other known looms such as dobby, tappet, mechanical jacquard, jet loom and the like.
Note that when the mortar 10 is injected inside the cloth mold 1, the cloth mold 1 shrinks somewhat, and the size of the cloth mold 1 (bag portion 2) is designed in consideration of this shrinkage.

Next, a slope protection method using the cloth mold 1 of the present invention will be described.
The slope protection method of the present invention is a slope protection method using the cloth mold 1 described above, and includes the following steps:
(1) laying the cloth formwork 1 on the slope 20 with the upper-layer cloth 3 side as an upper side;
(2) A step of placing a mortar (or concrete) 10 inside the bag portion 2 of the cloth mold 1;
(3) a step of dewatering the excess water amount contained in the mortar (or concrete) 10 through the cloth of the cloth formwork 1, and (4) a cloth formwork after dehydrating the excess water amount contained in the mortar (or concrete) 10 Washing the surface of 1 with water.
Details will be described below.

(1) The fabric mold 1 is laid on the slope 20 with the upper fabric 3 side as the upper side.
First, the fabric formwork 1 is laid on the slope 20 with the upper fabric 3 side as the upper side (front side) (see FIG. 3).
Before laying the cloth formwork 1 on the slope 20, it is preferable to form the slope 20 at the construction site. In the case of bank slope, for example, in the case of a bank, cutting or embankment is performed based on the plan cross-sectional view to eliminate the unevenness of the ground and to remove trees, grass, roots and the like.
In addition, when the slope 20 to be protected is larger than a certain degree, a plurality of units of the cloth form 1 of a predetermined size are prepared and transported to a construction site, while confirming the shape of the construction site on the site, The units of the cloth mold 1 may be combined as appropriate to form the cloth mold 1 in accordance with the size and shape of the slope 20 at the construction site.
While aligning, for example, a single pipe for suspension is placed at the top of the slope, and the cloth form 1 is suspended on the slope by a predetermined method such as hanging the single pipe through the cloth form 1. Lay and fix.

(2) A mortar (or concrete) 10 is placed inside the bag portion 2 of the cloth form 1.
After the laying step, fluid (unsolidified) mortar 10 is injected between the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4. Thereafter, the site is maintained until the mortar 10 injected into the cloth form 1 is solidified, and the mortar 10 is solidified by managing the temperature necessary for solidification and managing the waterproofing.

(3) The excess water contained in the mortar (or concrete) 10 is dehydrated through the cloth pattern of the cloth mold 1.
Excess water contained in the mortar 10 is discharged through the cloth of the cloth mold 1 in the solidification process.
At this time, in the cloth form 1 of this embodiment, the upper layer fabric 3 and the lower layer fabric 4 have a difference in air permeability and thus water permeability, so that the amount of dehydration from the upper layer fabric 3 is reduced. As a result, the amount of mortar component leaching from the upper fabric 3 is reduced.

(4) After dehydrating the excess water contained in the mortar (or concrete) 10, the surface of the cloth mold 1 is washed with water.
After the moisture of the mortar 10 is sufficiently removed, the entire protective structure (mat) is washed with water. Since the amount of the mortar component leaching (sloping) from the upper layer fabric 3 is reduced, it is possible to reduce the labor of washing. Thereby, construction time and cost can be reduced. Moreover, the thickness of the mat can be made uniform.

Furthermore, when the cloth formwork 1 has the filter portion 6, drainage is good and workability is improved. Moreover, the necessity for the chipping work after construction can be reduced, and the labor cost can be reduced. In addition, in the protective structure after construction, the effect of escaping rain water from the slope can be sufficiently obtained.
In this way, the slope protection structure as shown in FIG. 3 is constructed.

  Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In the examples shown below, in order to confirm the effect of the present invention, it was produced and its water permeability was evaluated.
In the following examples, the air permeability was measured according to JIS L1096A (Fragile method) on the ground surface of the cloth formwork (excluding the reinforcing portion).
Warp / weft fabric density: Measured with a densimeter (number per inch).
The warp direction cover factor is (√ warp total fineness (dtex) x warp weave density (lines / 2.54 cm), and the weft direction cover factor is (√ weft total fineness (dtex) x weft weave density (lines / 2.54 cm) ).

(Example 1)
As the weaving yarn, a polyester yarn having a yarn fineness of 1100 dtex / 192f was used.
A cloth formwork having a width of 1 m and a length of 4 m as shown in FIG. 1 and having a double woven portion and a single woven portion was produced by bag weaving in which the upper layer fabric was a plain weave and the lower layer fabric was a diagonal weave. The weaving density (ground yarn only) was 26.6 warps / inch and 23.0 wefts / inch.

The cover factor of the obtained fabric mold was 881 for warp and 763 for weft. The Frazier air permeability, the upper layer fabric 6.6cm ³ / cm ² · sec, the lower layer fabric is 37.9cm ³ / cm ² · sec, the difference was 31.3cm ³ / cm ² · sec.

(Example 2)
As the weaving yarn, a polyester yarn having a yarn fineness of 1100 dtex / 192f was used.
A cloth formwork having a width of 1 m and a length of 4 m and having a double weaving portion and a single weaving portion was produced by bag weaving in which the upper layer fabric was a plain weave and the lower layer fabric was a mixed weave of a plain weave and an angle weave. The weaving density (ground yarn only) was 26.6 warps / inch and 23.0 wefts / inch.

The cover factor of the obtained fabric mold was 881 for warp and 763 for weft. The Frazier air permeability, the upper layer fabric 6.8cm ³ / cm ² · sec, the lower layer fabric is 20.7cm ³ / cm ² · sec, the difference was 13.9cm ³ / cm ² · sec.

(Comparative Example 1)
As the weaving yarn, a polyester yarn having a yarn fineness of 1100 dtex / 192f was used.
A cloth formwork having a width of 1 m and a length of 4 m and having a double weaving portion and a single weaving portion was produced by bag weaving with the upper layer fabric being a plain weave and the lower layer fabric being a plain weave. The weaving density (ground yarn only) was 21.9 warps / inch and 20.6 wefts / inch.

The cover factor of the obtained fabric mold was 726 for warp and 683 for weft. The Frazier air permeability, the upper layer fabric 35.2cm ³ / cm ² · sec, the lower layer fabric is 40.0cm ³ / cm ² · sec, the difference was 4.8cm ³ / cm ² · sec.

The cloth formwork produced as described above was placed on a slope with a 10% slope with the upper fabric side as the upper side.
At this time, in order to collect dehydration from the upper layer fabric and the lower layer fabric, a blue sheet was attached to each of the upper layer fabric and the lower layer fabric of the cloth mold. As shown in FIG. 4, in order to collect dewatering from the lower surface (back), a water collection reservoir 21 is dug and a blue sheet 22 is laid between the slope 20 and the fabric formwork 1 (lower fabric 4). It was. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, in order to collect dehydration from the upper surface (front), blue sheets 23 are sewn in a U-shape on each of the left and right sides and the lower side of the upper fabric 3 of the fabric mold 1. It was.

A 1: 2 mortar (600 kg cement, 1200 kg sand, 360 kg water) was prepared. The 0.5 m ³ of mortar, and injected from the mortar inlet fabric mold in pump, measuring the mortar excess amount of water discharged from the upper surface (front) and the side surface and the lower surface (back) of the protection structure (mat) did.
The excess water discharged from the lower surface (back) of the mat is collected in the water collection reservoir 21 through the blue sheet 22. The excess water discharged from the upper surface (front) of the mat accumulates on the blue sheet 23. These waters were collected and the amount was measured.

It was left to stand for 10 minutes, and after dehydration of the mortar surplus water from the mat was completed, it was washed by pouring water over the mat surface. At this time, the watering hose with an inner diameter of about 15 mm is washed with an estimated hose sprinkling flow rate of 13 L / min (calculated from the net article hose sprinkling amount of 200 L / 15 min), and the stick attached to the mat surface (upper cloth surface) is visually cleaned. The time until it was washed off was measured.
The amount of dewatering from the lower layer fabric, the amount of dewatering from the upper layer fabric, and the situation of the surface fabric and the time for washing with water were compared. The results are summarized in Table 1.

In Example 1, the amount of dewatered from the upper layer fabric was very small, and there was little stain (soil stain) due to the deposited mortar. In particular, there was little dirt immediately under the injection port, and washing with water was easy, and mat washing was completed in 2 minutes. Similarly, in Example 2, the amount of dewatered from the upper layer fabric was very small, and the amount of dirt was also small. In particular, it was the cleanest of the examples and comparative examples with little contamination immediately below the injection port. Washing with water was easy, and mat washing was completed in 2 minutes.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 in which the difference in air permeability between the upper layer fabric and the lower layer fabric was small, there was spillage of mortar, and mat washing required 30 to 40 minutes. In addition, sludge immediately under the injection port was remarkable.

  From the measurement of dewatering amount, in the examples, the amount of dewatering from the lower layer fabric was not increased, but the woven density of the upper layer fabric was increased to reduce the air permeability. It is thought that it contributed to the prevention of dirt.

  By using the cloth formwork according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the labor of cleaning at the time of placing, and it can be widely used as a slope protection structure.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Cloth formwork 2: Bag part 3: Upper layer cloth 4: Lower layer cloth 5: Two-layer fabric 6: Filter part 7: One layer fabric 10: Mortar

Claims (7)

A cloth formwork having a bag portion composed of a two-layer fabric of an upper layer fabric and a lower layer fabric,
The bag portion has a fragile air permeability of the upper layer fabric of 30 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or less,
The fragile breathability of the lower layer fabric is greater than the fragile breathability of the upper layer fabric, and the difference in the fragile breathability between the upper layer fabric and the lower layer fabric is 10 cm ³ / cm ² · sec or more. Cloth formwork.   The cloth formwork according to claim 1, wherein a cover factor of the upper layer cloth is 750 or more.   The cloth formwork according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper layer cloth is a plain weave.   The cloth formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lower layer fabric is a twill weave or a mixed weave of a twill weave and a plain weave.   The cloth-made form frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a plurality of filter portions made of a single-layer woven fabric and formed in an island shape at a predetermined interval inside the bag portion.   6. A slope protection structure in which the cloth formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, and the cloth formwork is disposed with the upper cloth side as an upper side. The following steps:
(1) A step of laying the cloth mold according to any one of claims 1 to 5 on a slope with the upper fabric side as an upper side,
(2) Placing mortar or concrete inside the bag portion of the cloth formwork,
(3) a step of dewatering excess water contained in the mortar or concrete through a cloth of the cloth mold, and (4) after dehydrating excess water contained in the mortar or concrete, the surface of the cloth mold Washing with water,
Slope protection construction method.

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