JP2019164295A - Image formation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an image formation apparatus which can improve the discharge stability of a developer containing toner from a supply container even under a high temperature and high humidity environment.SOLUTION: An image formation apparatus includes a developer supply container 60 including: a developer storage chamber 61; a groove part 62 as a conveyance part which conveys with the rotation; a developer discharge chamber 63 which has a discharge port 64; and a pump part 65, and discharging the developer to a development device with the intake and exhaust operation of the pump part. The toner contains polyester resin as the binder resin. Mw of tetrahydrofuran solubles of the toner is equal to or greater than 10,000 and equal to or less than 60,000, and Mw/Mn is equal to or greater than 5 and equal to or less than 10. In the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption near 1500 cmwith respect to the peak absorption near 720 cmis equal to or less than 0.6, and the ratio of peak absorption near 820 cmwith respect to the peak absorption near 720 cmis equal to or less than 0.4.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus.

  A method of visualizing image information through an electrostatic charge image such as electrophotography is currently used in various fields. In electrophotography, an electrostatic image (latent image) is formed on an image carrier by an electrification and exposure process (electrostatic image formation process), and the electrostatic image developing toner (hereinafter simply referred to as “toner”) The electrostatic charge image is developed with a developer for developing an electrostatic charge image (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “developer”) (development process), and the developed toner image is transferred to a transfer medium. It is visualized through a transfer process of transferring and a fixing process of fixing the toner image transferred to the transfer target.

  In general, the toner includes a binder resin, a colorant, a release agent, and the like. As the binder resin, a polyester resin, a styrene-acrylic resin, or the like is used, and the polyester resin is synthesized from an acid component monomer (polyhydric carboxylic acid) and an alcohol component monomer (polyhydric alcohol) (for example, , See Patent Document 1).

  In an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer using an electrophotographic method, a developer replenishing container that is detachable from the developing apparatus is provided for replenishing the developer to a developing apparatus having a developing container for containing the developer. Used. In this developer replenishing container, in general, the developer for replenishment in the developer containing chamber is agitated by a stirring and conveying member having a paddle-like or ladder-like stirring blade, conveyed to a discharge port, and discharged to the developing container of the developing device. To replenish (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).

JP-A-2005-195589 JP 2001-350335 A JP 2002-108086 A

By the way, a toner containing a polyester resin as a binder resin, where Mw is the weight average molecular weight obtained by gel permeation chromatography measurement of the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner and Mw is the number average molecular weight. and 10,000 to 60,000, Mw / Mn is 5 or more and 10 or less, in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 0 and at .6 or less, 720 cm specific toner ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 is 0.4 or less to the peak absorption around ^-1, albeit advantage fixed image is hard to crack, the specific toner Width of decrease in surface elastic modulus of toner after being left in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment than other toners Is big. For this reason, the specific toner has higher hygroscopicity than toners other than the specific toner, and therefore, the toner particles have high cohesion between the toner particles. In addition, external additives are easily embedded in the toner surface due to plasticization of the toner surface, and easily adhere to the wall surface of the developer replenishing container, the inside of the developing device, the conveying member, the conveying path, etc. There is a problem in that toner aggregation and clogging due to toner adhering to a member, a conveyance path, and the like occur and toner discharge is not stable. In particular, when the agitating / conveying member is used, there is a problem that sliding between the agitating / conveying member and the developer storage chamber and toner compression in the vicinity of the discharge port occur, and toner discharge is not stable.

An object of the present invention is to contain a polyester resin as a binder resin, the Mw of the toner soluble in tetrahydrofuran is from 10,000 to 60,000, the Mw / Mn is from 5 to 10, and the toner red in the outer absorption spectrometry, and 0.6 or less is the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1, the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 0 .4 or less toner is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, as compared to the case of using a developer supply container that stirs and transports by a stirrer-conveying member having a paddle-shaped or ladder-shaped stirrer blade. An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus capable of improving the developer discharge stability.

The invention according to claim 1 includes a developing container that contains a developer containing toner, and a developing device that forms a toner image by developing an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image carrier using the developer. And a developer storage chamber for storing a developer for replenishment, a transport unit for transporting the developer in the developer storage chamber as it rotates, and a discharge port for discharging the developer transported by the transport unit. A developer supply chamber, and a developer supply container for discharging the developer to the developer container by an intake operation and an exhaust operation through the discharge port, and the toner is used as a binder resin. Mw is 10,000 when the weight average molecular weight is Mw and the number average molecular weight is Mn. And the above 60,000, Mw / Mn is 5 or more and 10 or less, in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 0.6 or less , and the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption around 720 cm ^-1 is 0.4 or less, an image forming apparatus.

The invention according to claim 2, in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around the 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption of around the 720 cm ^-1 is 0.5 or less, around the 720 cm ^-1 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the peak absorption in the vicinity of 820 cm ^{−1 to} the peak absorption is 0.3 or less.

The invention according to claim 3, in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around the 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption of around the 720 cm ^-1 is 0.2 or more, around the 720 cm ^-1 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the peak absorption in the vicinity of 820 cm ^{−1 to} the peak absorption is 0.05 or more.

The invention according to claim 4, in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around the 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about the 1500 cm ^-1 is 0.5 or less, according to claim 1 to 3 The image forming apparatus according to any one of the above.

The invention according to claim 5, in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around the 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about the 1500 cm ^-1 is 0.4 or less, according to claim 1 to 4 The image forming apparatus according to any one of the above.

  The invention according to claim 6 alternately performs an intake operation and an exhaust operation through the discharge port, and stirs the developer by intake air in the vicinity of the discharge port and discharges the developer to the developer container by exhaust gas. Item 6. The image forming apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 5.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the developer supply container discharges the developer into the developer container in a fixed amount.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the binder resin contains a polyester resin, the Mw of the toner soluble in tetrahydrofuran is 10,000 or more and 60,000 or less, and Mw / Mn is 5 or more and 10 or less. , in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner is 0.6 or less is the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1, the peak absorption at about 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 When a toner having a ratio of 0.4 or less is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, compared to the case of using a developer supply container that stirs and transports by a stirrer-conveying member having a paddle-like or ladder-like stirrer blade. An image forming apparatus capable of improving the discharge stability of a developer containing toner is provided.

According to the invention of claim 2, wherein 720 cm ratio of the peak absorption around the 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption around ^-1 exceeds 0.5, near the 820 cm ^-1 to the peak of absorption around the 720 cm ^-1 As compared with the case where the ratio of the peak absorption of the toner exceeds 0.3, an image forming apparatus capable of further improving the discharge stability of the developer containing toner is provided.

According to the invention of claim 3, wherein 720 cm ratio of the peak absorption around the 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption around ^-1 is less than 0.2, the relative peak absorption around the 720 cm ^-1 820 cm ^-1 Provided is an image forming apparatus capable of further improving the discharge stability of a developer containing toner as compared with a case where the ratio of peak absorption in the vicinity is less than 0.05.

According to the invention of claim 4, as compared with the case where the ratio of the peak absorption around the 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about the 1500 cm ^-1 is greater than 0.5, the discharge stability of the developer containing toner An image forming apparatus that can be further improved is provided.

According to the invention of claim 5, as compared with the case where the ratio of the peak absorption around the 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about the 1500 cm ^-1 is greater than 0.4, the discharge stability of the developer containing toner An image forming apparatus that can be further improved is provided.

  According to the invention of claim 6, the intake operation and the exhaust operation through the discharge port are alternately performed, and the developer is stirred by the intake air in the vicinity of the discharge port, and is not discharged to the developer container by the exhaust gas. As compared with the case, an image forming apparatus capable of further improving the discharge stability of the developer containing toner is provided.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus capable of further improving the discharge stability of the developer containing toner as compared with the case where the developer supply container does not quantitatively discharge the developer into the developer container. Provided.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a developer supply container in the image forming apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating another example of a developer supply container in the image forming apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a conventional developer supply container used in Comparative Example 1. FIG. It is an example of the infrared absorption spectrum of a toner.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. This embodiment is an example for carrying out the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

<Image forming apparatus>
The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes, for example, an image carrier, a charging unit that charges the surface of the image carrier, and an electrostatic image that forms an electrostatic image (latent image) on the surface of the charged image carrier. Forming means, developing means for developing an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image holding body with toner to form a toner image, transfer means for transferring the developed toner image to a transfer target, Fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred to the transfer medium. The image forming apparatus according to the present exemplary embodiment may include an image carrier cleaning unit that removes residual toner and the like remaining on the surface of the image carrier after the transfer and cleans it as necessary.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is, for example, an image holder 10 that rotates in a direction indicated by an arrow a, and an image holder 10 that is opposed to the image holder 10, for example, above the image holder 10. A charging device 20 provided as a charging unit for charging the surface of the image carrier 10 and an exposure device 30 as an electrostatic image forming unit for forming an electrostatic image on the surface of the image carrier 10 charged by the charging device 20. A developing device 40 as a developing unit that develops the electrostatic image formed on the surface of the image carrier 10 by the exposure device 30 using toner and forms a toner image; and the transferred toner image is transferred. A primary transfer device 51 as a transfer means for transferring to a belt-like intermediate transfer body 50 as a body, a secondary transfer device 52 as a transfer means for transferring to a recording medium P as a transfer target, and a transfer target. Transferred to the recording medium P Comprising a fixing device 80 as a fixing means for fixing a toner image, a. The intermediate transfer member 50 travels in the direction indicated by the arrow b while contacting the image carrier 10. The image forming apparatus 100 may include a cleaning device 70 that cleans the surface of the image carrier 10.

  In the image forming apparatus 100, the charging device 20, the exposure device 30, the developing device 40, the intermediate transfer member 50, and the cleaning device 70 are arranged in this order in the clockwise direction on, for example, the circumference surrounding the image carrier 10. Has been.

  The intermediate transfer member 50 is held by the supporting rollers 50A and 50B, the back roller 50C, and the driving roller 50D while being applied with tension from the inside of the belt, and is driven in the direction of the arrow b as the driving roller 50D rotates. Is done. At a position opposite to the image carrier 10 inside the intermediate transfer member 50, the intermediate transfer member 50 is charged to a polarity different from the charging polarity of the toner, and the outer surface of the intermediate transfer member 50 is placed on the image carrier 10. A primary transfer device 51 for adsorbing toner is provided. The recording medium P such as recording paper is charged to a polarity different from the charging polarity of the toner, for example, on the outer side below the intermediate transfer member 50, and the toner image formed on the intermediate transfer member 50 is transferred onto the recording medium P. A secondary transfer device 52 is provided to face the back roller 50C.

  For example, below the intermediate transfer member 50, a recording medium supply device 53 that supplies the recording medium P to the secondary transfer device 52 and a recording medium P on which a toner image is formed in the secondary transfer device 52 are conveyed. And a fixing device 80 for fixing the toner image.

  The recording medium supply device 53 includes a pair of conveying rollers 53A and a guide plate 53B that guides the recording medium P conveyed by the conveying rollers 53A toward the secondary transfer device 52. The fixing device 80 heats and presses the recording medium P onto which the toner image has been transferred by the secondary transfer device 52 to fix the toner image, for example, a fixing roller 81 that is a pair of heat rollers, and a fixing roller 81. And a conveyance body 82 that conveys the recording medium P toward the recording medium.

  The recording medium P is conveyed in the direction indicated by the arrow c by the recording medium supply device 53, the secondary transfer device 52, and the fixing device 80.

  The intermediate transfer member 50 is further provided with an intermediate transfer member cleaning device 54 having a cleaning blade 55 for removing the toner remaining on the intermediate transfer member 50 after the toner image is transferred to the recording medium P in the secondary transfer device 52. ing.

  Examples of the image carrier 10 include an inorganic photoreceptor in which a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive substrate is made of an inorganic material, an organic photoreceptor in which a photosensitive layer is made of an organic material, and the like. Examples of the organic photoreceptor include a function-separated type photoreceptor in which a charge generation layer that generates charges upon exposure and a charge transport layer that transports charges are stacked on a conductive substrate. Further, a photoconductor in which a single-layer type photosensitive layer in which the same layer has a function of generating a charge and a function of transporting a charge is provided on a conductive substrate. Furthermore, examples of the inorganic photoreceptor include a photoreceptor in which a photosensitive layer made of amorphous silicon is provided on a conductive substrate. Note that the shape of the image carrier 10 according to the present embodiment is a cylindrical shape, but is not limited thereto, and other shapes such as a sheet shape and a plate shape may be employed.

  Examples of the charging device 20 include a contact charger using a conductive charging roller, a charging brush, a charging film, a charging rubber blade, a charging tube, and the like. Examples of the charging device 20 include other examples such as a non-contact type roller charger, a scorotron charger using a corona discharge, and a corotron charger. In the present embodiment, as an example, a scorotron charger using corona discharge is used. The charging polarity on the surface of the image carrier 10 by the charging device 20 is not limited, but in the present embodiment, it is negative.

  Examples of the exposure device 30 include optical system devices that expose the surface of the image carrier 10 with light such as semiconductor laser light, LED light, and liquid crystal shutter light in an image-like manner. The wavelength of the light source is preferably in the spectral sensitivity region of the image carrier 10. The wavelength of the semiconductor laser is preferably near infrared having an oscillation wavelength of around 780 nm, for example. However, the wavelength is not limited to this, and a laser having an oscillation wavelength of 600 nm or a laser having an oscillation wavelength of 400 nm to 450 nm may be adopted as a blue laser. Further, as the exposure apparatus 30, for example, a surface emitting laser light source of a multi-beam output type may be employed for color image formation.

  The developing device 40 is disposed, for example, facing the image carrier 10 in the developing area, and includes a developer containing toner (a one-component developer containing toner or a two-component developer containing toner and carrier). A developing container 41 is provided. The developing container 41 includes a developing container main body 41A and a developing container cover 41B that closes the upper end thereof. In the present specification, the developing area refers to an area where the developing device 40 develops an electrostatic charge image formed on the image carrier 10.

  The developing container main body 41A has, for example, a developing roll chamber 42A that accommodates the developing roll 42 therein, and is adjacent to the first stirring chamber 43A and the first stirring chamber 43A adjacent to the developing roll chamber 42A. And a second stirring chamber 44A. In the developing roll chamber 42A, for example, a layer thickness regulating member 45 is provided for regulating the developer layer thickness on the surface of the developing roll 42 when the developing container cover 41B is attached to the developing container main body 41A. ing.

  The first stirring chamber 43A and the second stirring chamber 44A are partitioned by, for example, a partition wall 41C. Although not shown, the first stirring chamber 43A and the second stirring chamber 44A are open at both ends in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction of the developing device) of the partition wall 41C and communicate with the first stirring chamber 43A and the second stirring chamber 43A. A circulation stirring chamber is constituted by the chamber 44A.

  The developing roll 42 is disposed in the developing roll chamber 42 </ b> A so as to face the image carrier 10. Although not shown, the developing roll 42 is, for example, a sleeve provided outside a magnetic roll (fixed magnet) having magnetism. The developer in the first stirring chamber 43A is adsorbed on the surface of the developing roll 42 by the magnetic force of the magnetic roll and is transported to the developing area. Further, the developing roller 42 has a roll shaft supported rotatably on the developing container main body 41A. Here, the developing roll 42 and the image holding body 10 rotate in the opposite directions, and the developer adsorbed on the surface of the developing roll 42 at the opposite portion is developed from the same direction as the traveling direction of the image holding body 10. It is transported to the area.

  A bias power source (not shown) is connected to the sleeve of the developing roll 42 so that a developing bias is applied to the developing region. The developing bias according to the present embodiment is a bias in which an alternating current component (DC) from an alternating current power supply is superimposed on a direct current component (AC) from a direct current power supply so that an alternating electric field is applied. Note that the polarity of the DC bias voltage applied to the developing roll 42 is opposite to the charging polarity of the toner, but is positive in this embodiment.

  In the first stirring chamber 43A and the second stirring chamber 44A, a first stirring member 43 and a second stirring member 44 that convey the developer while stirring are arranged, respectively. The first stirring member 43 includes, for example, a first rotation shaft that extends in the axial direction of the developing roll 42 and a stirring conveyance blade (protrusion) that is helically fixed to the outer periphery of the rotation shaft. Moreover, the 2nd stirring member 44 is also comprised by the 2nd rotating shaft and the stirring conveyance blade | wing (projection part), for example. The first stirring member 43 and the second stirring member 44 are rotatably supported by the developing container main body 41A. Further, the first stirring member 43 and the second stirring member 44 are arranged such that the developer in the first stirring chamber 43A and the second stirring chamber 44A is conveyed in the opposite directions by rotation thereof. . In this embodiment, the developer in the developing container 41 is stirred and conveyed by the first stirring member 43 and the second stirring member 44 and is charged. Although there is no restriction | limiting in the charge polarity of a developing agent, In this embodiment, it is set as negative polarity.

  One end of the second stirring chamber 44A in the longitudinal direction is connected to one end of a supply transport path 46 for supplying the replenishment developer to the second stirring chamber 44A. Is connected to a developer supply container 60 for storing and supplying a supply developer. Accordingly, in the image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, the replenishment developer is supplied from the developer replenishment container 60 to the developing container 41 (second stirring chamber 44A) of the developing device 40 through the replenishment conveyance path 46. It is the composition which becomes. The detailed configuration of the developer supply container 60 will be described later.

  Examples of the primary transfer device 51 and the secondary transfer device 52 include a contact transfer charger using a belt, a roller, a film, and a rubber blade, a scorotron transfer charger using a corona discharge, a corotron transfer charger, and the like. A transfer charger known per se can be used. In order to move the toner adhering to the image carrier 10 to the intermediate transfer member 50, a transfer bias is applied to the primary transfer device 51. Further, in order to move the toner attached to the intermediate transfer member 50 to the recording medium P, a transfer bias is applied to the secondary transfer device 52 from a power source (not shown).

  As the intermediate transfer member 50, for example, a belt-like member (intermediate transfer belt) such as polyimide, polyamideimide, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester, rubber containing a conductive agent is used. Further, as the form of the intermediate transfer member, a cylindrical one is used in addition to the belt shape.

  The cleaning device 70 includes, for example, a housing 71 and a cleaning blade 72 disposed so as to protrude from the housing 71. The cleaning blade 72 may be supported by the end portion of the casing 71 or may be separately supported by a support member (holder). The form supported at the end of the body 71 is adopted.

<Developer supply container>
FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of an example of a developer supply container 60 that supplies the developer for supply to the developing device 40. The developer supply container 60 includes, for example, a cylindrical developer storage chamber 61 that stores a developer for supply, and a spiral groove 62 as a transport unit that transports the developer in the developer storage chamber 61 as the developer rotates. And a developer discharge chamber 63 having, for example, a cylindrical shape, having a discharge port 64 for discharging the developer conveyed by the groove 62. By the intake operation and the exhaust operation through the discharge port 64, FIG. The developer is discharged into the developing container 41 (second stirring chamber 44A) of the developing device 40. The developer supply container 60 may be detachable from the developing device 40.

  In the developer supply container 60 of FIG. 2, for example, as an intake / exhaust means for performing an intake operation and an exhaust operation through the discharge port 64 so as to connect the developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63. A pump unit 65 is provided. Further, the developer supply container 60 communicates with the outside through a discharge port 64 and is configured to be sealed from the outside except for the discharge port 64. That is, the developer is discharged from the discharge port 64 by increasing or decreasing the internal pressure of the developer supply container 60 by the pump unit 65. The developer replenishing container 60 is required to have an airtightness enough to maintain a stable discharge performance.

  In the developer supply container 60, the developer storage chamber 61, the pump unit 65, and the developer discharge chamber 63 rotate integrally in response to an external driving force (rotational force), and the developer supply chamber 61 is placed on the inner surface of the developer storage chamber 61. The developer is conveyed to the developer discharge chamber 63 by the formed spiral groove 62. The pump unit 65 is provided so as to act on at least the developer discharge chamber 63, and the volume thereof is variable along with the expansion and contraction motion. Here, when the pump unit 65 is expanded and contracted, the intake operation and the exhaust operation through the discharge port 64 are alternately performed, and the developer conveyed by the groove 62 is sucked in the vicinity of the discharge port 64 by the intake air. The mixture is stirred and discharged to the developing container 41 by exhaust.

In the developer supply container 60 of FIG. 1, the internal developer is crushed by the air flow toward the developer supply container 60 by the intake operation, and the fluidity of the developer is ensured. Therefore, the polyester resin is contained as the binder resin, the Mw of the tetrahydrofuran soluble part of the toner is 10,000 to 60,000, the Mw / Mn is 5 to 10 and the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner in, 720 cm ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption around ^-1 is 0.6 or less, 720 cm to the peak absorption around ^-1 820 cm ratio of the peak absorption around ^-1 with 0.4 When a certain toner is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the developer containing toner is discharged compared to the case where a developer supply container that stirs and conveys by a stirring and conveying member having a paddle-like or ladder-like stirring blade is used. Stability can be improved. Further, occurrence of image defects such as black spots (discharge of toner lump onto the image) in the formed image is suppressed, and the fixability is improved.

  By such a developer supply container 60, the intake operation and the exhaust operation through the discharge port 64 are alternately performed, and the developer is stirred by the intake air in the vicinity of the discharge port 64 and discharged to the developer container 41 by the exhaust gas. Can do. The developer replenishing container 60 is preferably capable of quantitatively discharging the developer into the developing container 41. For quantitative discharge, for example, the exhaust operation may be performed with a predetermined discharge amount. Here, “quantitative discharge” means that the standard deviation of the developer discharge amount is within 55.

  The developer storage chamber 61 has, for example, a hollow cylindrical shape that is provided so as to extend in the rotation axis direction of the developer storage chamber 61. On the inner surface of the cylindrical developer storage chamber 61, a transport unit that transports the developer stored in the developer storage chamber 61 toward the discharge port 64 of the developer discharge chamber 63 along with its rotation. A groove portion 62 that protrudes inward in a spiral shape is provided.

  The developer discharge chamber 63 has, for example, a hollow cylindrical shape provided so as to extend in the rotation axis direction of the developer discharge chamber 63. The developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63 are connected by a pump unit 62.

  The material constituting the developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63 may be any material that can withstand pressure, and is not particularly limited. For example, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), polyester, polyethylene And resins such as polypropylene.

  The shapes of the developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63 may be a conical shape, a disk shape, or the like in addition to the cylindrical shape.

  The pump unit 65 functions as an intake / exhaust mechanism that alternately performs an intake operation and an exhaust operation via the discharge port 64 of the developer discharge chamber 63. That is, the pump unit 65 functions as an airflow generation mechanism that alternately and repeatedly generates an airflow that goes to the inside of the developer supply container 60 through the discharge port 64 and an airflow that goes from the developer supply container 60 to the outside.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the pump unit 65 is provided, for example, between the developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63, and is connected and fixed to the developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63. Yes. That is, the pump unit 65 is configured to be able to rotate integrally with the developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63 by a driving force received from the outside. The pump unit 65 is configured to accommodate the developer therein. The developer accommodating space in the pump unit 65 plays a role in fluidizing the developer during the intake operation.

  The pump unit 65 has, for example, a bellows shape with a variable volume such as a resin whose volume is variable with reciprocation. Specifically, it has a bellows shape in which a plurality of mountain folds and valley folds are periodically and alternately formed. Therefore, the pump unit 65 can repeatedly perform compression and expansion alternately by a driving force received from the outside. By adopting such a pump unit 65, the internal pressures of the developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63 of the developer supply container 60 are set in advance to be higher than atmospheric pressure and lower than atmospheric pressure. It can be repeatedly changed alternately at a predetermined cycle. As a result, the developer in the developer discharge chamber 63 can be efficiently discharged from the discharge port 64.

  The material constituting the pump unit 65 is not particularly limited as long as it has a telescopic function and can change the internal pressure of the developer supply container 60 by changing the internal volume. For example, ABS (acrylonitrile) can be used. -Butadiene / styrene copolymer), polystyrene, polyester, polyethylene, and other thin resins, rubber, and other stretchable materials.

  If the developer accommodating chamber 61, the developer discharge chamber 63, and the pump unit 65 have the functions described above by adjusting the thickness of the resin material, etc., they are made of the same material, for example, an injection molding method or a blower. What was integrally shape | molded using the shaping | molding method etc. may be used.

  Examples of the transport unit that transports the developer in the developer storage chamber 61 with rotation include the groove 62 that protrudes inward in a spiral shape as described above.

  The shape, size, number, and the like of the discharge ports 64 may be determined as appropriate based on the flow characteristics of the developer, and are not particularly limited. Examples of the shape of the discharge port 64 include a polygonal shape such as a rectangular shape, a circular shape, and an elliptical shape. The number of the discharge ports 64 may be one or plural.

  FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of another example of the developer supply container 60 that supplies the developer for supply to the developing device 40. The developer supply container 60 of FIG. 3 includes, for example, a cylindrical developer storage chamber 61, a pump unit 65 for performing an intake operation and an exhaust operation via the discharge port 64, and a cylindrical developer discharge chamber, for example. 63, a pump 65 is connected to one end of the developer storage chamber 61, and the other end of the developer storage chamber 61 is connected to the developer discharge chamber 63.

  In the developer supply container 60 of FIG. 3, the pump unit 65, the developer storage chamber 61, and the developer discharge chamber 63 rotate integrally in response to external driving force (rotational force), and the developer storage chamber 61. The developer is conveyed to the developer discharge chamber 63 by the spiral groove 62 formed on the inner surface of the developer. The pump unit 65 is provided so as to act on at least the developer storage chamber 61 and the developer discharge chamber 63, and the volume thereof is variable along with the expansion and contraction motion. Here, when the pump unit 65 is expanded and contracted, the intake operation and the exhaust operation through the discharge port 64 are alternately performed, and the developer conveyed by the groove 62 is sucked in the vicinity of the discharge port 64 by the intake air. The mixture is stirred and discharged to the developing container 41 by exhaust.

In the developer supply container 60 of FIG. 3, the internal developer is crushed by the air flow toward the developer supply container 60 by the intake operation, and the fluidity of the developer is ensured. Therefore, the polyester resin is contained as the binder resin, the Mw of the tetrahydrofuran soluble part of the toner is 10,000 to 60,000, the Mw / Mn is 5 to 10 and the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner in, 720 cm ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption around ^-1 is 0.6 or less, 720 cm to the peak absorption around ^-1 820 cm ratio of the peak absorption around ^-1 with 0.4 When a certain toner is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the developer containing toner is discharged compared to the case where a developer supply container that stirs and conveys by a stirring and conveying member having a paddle-like or ladder-like stirring blade is used. Stability can be improved. Further, occurrence of image defects such as black spots (discharge of toner lump onto the image) in the formed image is suppressed, and the fixability is improved.

  As an intake / exhaust unit for performing the intake operation and the exhaust operation via the discharge port 64, the bellows-like pump unit 65 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is given as an example. Any structure can be used as long as it can perform the intake operation and the exhaust operation, and the structure is not particularly limited. As another example, for example, there is a mechanism in which an air pump or the like is provided outside, and this is connected to a developer supply container with a pipe or the like to suck and exhaust.

<Toner for electrostatic image development>
The toner used in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment contains a polyester resin as a binder resin, and the weight average molecular weight obtained by gel permeation chromatography measurement of the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner is Mw, and the number average molecular weight. Mw is 10,000 or more and 60,000 or less, Mw / Mn is 5 or more and 10 or less, and 1500 cm ^{−1 with} respect to the peak absorption near 720 cm ⁻¹ in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner. the ratio of the peak absorption around is not less than 0.6, the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption around 720 cm ^-1 is the toner is 0.4 or less.

(Binder resin)
The toner according to the exemplary embodiment preferably includes a polyester resin as a binder resin, and a polyester resin as a main component of the binder resin. The polyester resin may be a crystalline polyester resin, an amorphous polyester resin, or a mixture of a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous polyester resin. The polyester resin is synthesized from an acid component monomer (polyhydric carboxylic acid) and an alcohol component monomer (polyhydric alcohol). In this embodiment, the “acid-derived constituent component” refers to a component before synthesis of the polyester resin. Indicates a constituent site that was an acid component, and “alcohol-derived constituent component” indicates a constituent site that was an alcohol component before the synthesis of the polyester resin. The main component means 50 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin in the toner.

  Here, the “crystallinity” of the “crystalline resin” means that the resin or toner has a clear endothermic peak in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instead of a stepwise endothermic change. Specifically, in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using a differential scanning calorimeter (equipment name: DSC-50 type) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation equipped with an automatic tangential processing system, a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./min. When the temperature from the onset point to the top of the endothermic peak when the temperature is raised again at 10 ° C./min is within 10 ° C., it is a “clear” endothermic peak. Suppose there is. The point of the flat part of the baseline in the DSC curve and the point of the flat part of the falling part from the base line are specified, and the intersection of the tangents of the flat part between the two points is set as an “onset point” by the automatic tangent processing system. Desired. On the other hand, a resin in which a stepwise endothermic change is recognized instead of a clear endothermic peak means an “amorphous resin”, which is a solid at room temperature and is thermoplasticized at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature. Further, the “amorphous resin” does not show an endothermic peak corresponding to the crystalline melting point in addition to the stepwise endothermic point corresponding to the glass transition in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

[Acid-derived components]
The acid-derived component is not particularly limited, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids are preferably used. Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelic acid, sebacic acid, 1,9-nonanedicarboxylic acid, and 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid. 1,11-undecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,13-tridecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,18-octadecanedicarboxylic acid, etc. Or lower alkyl esters and acid anhydrides thereof, but are not limited thereto. Examples of the aromatic carboxylic acid include lower alkyl esters and acid anhydrides of aromatic carboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. Moreover, alicyclic carboxylic acids, such as cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, etc. are mentioned. In order to secure better fixing properties, it is preferable to use a trivalent or higher carboxylic acid (trimellitic acid or acid anhydride thereof) together with a dicarboxylic acid in order to form a crosslinked structure or a branched structure. Specific examples of the alkenyl succinic acid include dodecenyl succinic acid, dodecyl succinic acid, stearyl succinic acid, octyl succinic acid, octenyl succinic acid and the like.

[Alcohol-derived components]
The alcohol-derived constituent component is not particularly limited, and examples of the aliphatic diol include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,13-tridecanediol, 1,14-tetradecanediol, 1,18-octadecanediol, 1,20-eicosanediol and the like can be mentioned. In addition, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, alicyclic diols such as cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A Aromatic diols such as are used. Further, in order to ensure good fixability, a trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol (glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol) may be used in combination with the diol in order to take a crosslinked structure or a branched structure.

  The toner according to the exemplary embodiment has Mw, Mw / Mn of the specific tetrahydrofuran-soluble component, and bisphenol such as bisphenol A as a component derived from alcohol in order to satisfy the requirements of peak absorption in infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner. A toner containing a bisphenol component-free polyester resin containing no derivative is preferred, and a toner containing a bisphenol component-free polyester resin containing an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol as a component is more preferred. That is, it is desirable not to use hydrogenated bisphenol A, an ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, a propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, etc. among the above-mentioned alcohol-derived components.

  Bisphenol derivatives such as bisphenol A are highly hydrophobic alcohol component monomers, polyester resins not containing bisphenol components usually have a high ester group concentration, and toners containing this as a binder resin have cracked fixed images. There is an advantage that it is difficult. On the other hand, a toner containing a polyester resin not containing a bisphenol component as a binder resin is left after being left in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment than a toner containing a polyester resin containing a bisphenol component containing a bisphenol derivative as an alcohol-derived component. The decrease in the surface elastic modulus of the toner is large. Therefore, since the toner containing the polyester resin not containing the bisphenol component has higher hygroscopicity than the toner containing the polyester resin containing the bisphenol component, the cohesiveness between the toner particles is high. In addition, external additives are easily embedded in the toner surface due to plasticization of the toner surface, and easily adhere to the wall surface of the developer replenishing container, the inside of the developing device, the conveying member, the conveying path, etc. There is a problem in that toner aggregation and clogging due to toner adhering to a member, a conveyance path, and the like occur and toner discharge is not stable. In particular, when an agitating / conveying member having a paddle-like or ladder-like agitating blade is used, sliding between the agitating / conveying member and the developer storage chamber and toner compression near the discharge port occur, and toner discharge is not stable. There was a problem.

  However, as described above, by using the developer supply container, when such toner is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the toner is stirred and transported by a stirring and transporting member having a paddle-shaped or ladder-shaped stirring blade. Compared to the case where a developer supply container is used, the discharge stability of the developer containing toner can be improved.

  The method for producing the polyester resin is not particularly limited, and may be produced by a general polyester polymerization method in which an acid component and an alcohol component are reacted. Examples thereof include direct polycondensation and transesterification. What is necessary is just to produce it properly according to a kind. The molar ratio (acid component / alcohol component) when the acid component reacts with the alcohol component varies depending on the reaction conditions and the like, and cannot be generally stated, but is usually about 1/1.

  The polyester resin may be produced, for example, at a polymerization temperature of 180 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower, and may be reacted while removing the water and alcohol generated during condensation by reducing the pressure in the reaction system as necessary. . When the monomer is not dissolved or compatible at the reaction temperature, the polymerization reaction may be partially accelerated or delayed, and many uncolored particles may be generated. It may be added and dissolved as a solubilizer. The polycondensation reaction may be carried out while distilling off the solubilizing solvent. If a monomer with poor compatibility is present in the copolymerization reaction, the monomer with poor compatibility and the monomer and the acid or alcohol to be polycondensed are condensed in advance and then polymerized together with the main component. It may be condensed.

  Catalysts that may be used in the production of the polyester resin include alkali metal compounds such as sodium and lithium; alkaline earth metal compounds such as magnesium and calcium; metals such as zinc, manganese, antimony, titanium, tin, zirconium, and germanium Compound; Phosphorous acid compound, phosphoric acid compound, amine compound and the like. Among these, for example, it is preferable to use a tin-containing catalyst such as tin, tin formate, tin oxalate, tetraphenyltin, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin oxide, and diphenyltin oxide.

  In the present embodiment, a compound having a hydrophilic polar group may be used as long as it is copolymerizable as a resin for an electrostatic charge image developing toner. Specific examples include dicarboxylic acid compounds in which an aromatic ring such as sulfonyl-terephthalic acid sodium salt or 3-sulfonylisophthalic acid sodium salt is directly substituted when the resin used is a polyester.

  The weight average molecular weight Mw of the polyester resin is preferably 10,000 or more, and more preferably 25,000 or more and 50,000 or less. When this polyester resin is included, it is excellent in rubbing property. When the weight average molecular weight Mw of the polyester resin is less than 10,000, the toner is easily separated even if it contains a gel component. Therefore, problems derived from the released resin (filming, increase in fine powder due to brittleness, powder Deterioration of body fluidity) may occur.

  The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the binder resin or the like is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The molecular weight measurement by GPC is carried out with a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent using a Tosoh GPC / HLC-8120 as a measuring device and a Tosoh column / TSKgel SuperHM-M (15 cm). The weight average molecular weight is calculated from the measurement result using a molecular weight calibration curve prepared with a monodisperse polystyrene standard sample.

  The toner according to the exemplary embodiment may include a resin other than the polyester resin. Although it does not restrict | limit especially as resin other than a polyester resin, Specifically, Styrenes, such as styrene, parachlorostyrene, (alpha) -methylstyrene; Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid n-propyl, butyl acrylate, Acrylic monomers such as lauryl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; methacrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate; and further acrylic Ethylenic unsaturated acid monomers such as acid, methacrylic acid and sodium styrenesulfonate; vinyl nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl methyl ketone and vinyl Vinyl ketones such as ruethyl ketone and vinyl isopropenyl ketone; homopolymers of olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene, copolymers obtained by combining two or more of these monomers, or mixtures thereof; , Epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, cellulose resin, polyether resin, etc., non-vinyl condensation resin, or a mixture of these with the vinyl resin, and vinyl monomers in the presence of these resins. Examples thereof include a graft polymer obtained by polymerization. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The content of the binder resin is, for example, in the range of 80% by mass to 95% by mass with respect to the entire toner.

  The toner used in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment preferably contains a crystalline resin as a binder resin. When the toner contains a crystalline resin, the hygroscopicity is further reduced.

  The content of the crystalline resin is preferably 3% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less with respect to the toner, and more preferably 5% by weight or more and 15% by weight or less. When the content of the crystalline resin is less than 3% by weight with respect to the toner, the toner is difficult to melt, so that it is necessary to increase the fixing temperature, and low-temperature fixing may be difficult, and exceeds 20% by weight. In addition, the charge retention may be deteriorated due to insufficient dispersion of the internal additive.

(Other components)
The toner according to the exemplary embodiment may contain other additives such as a colorant, a release agent, a charge control agent, and a metal oxide as necessary. These additives may be added internally by, for example, kneading into a binder resin, or may be added externally by, for example, mixing the particles after obtaining toner particles.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a coloring agent, A well-known pigment is used, A well-known dye may be included as needed. Specifically, the following pigments such as yellow, magenta, cyan, and black (black) are used.

  As yellow pigments, compounds represented by condensed azo compounds, isoindolinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, azo metal complex compounds, methine compounds, allylamide compounds and the like are used.

  As magenta pigments, condensed azo compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinones, quinacridone compounds, basic dye lake compounds, naphthol compounds, benzimidazolone compounds, thioindigo compounds, perylene compounds, and the like are used.

  Examples of cyan pigments include copper phthalocyanine compounds and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone compounds, basic dye lake compounds, and the like.

  As the black pigment, carbon black, aniline black, acetylene black, iron black and the like are used.

  The content of the colorant is, for example, in the range of 5% by mass to 20% by mass with respect to the entire toner.

  The release agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include plant waxes such as carnauba wax, wood wax and rice bran wax; animal waxes such as bees wax, insect wax, whale wax and wool wax; minerals such as montan wax and ozokerite. Synthetic waxes, synthetic fatty acid solid ester waxes such as Fischer-Tropsch wax (FT wax) having ester side chains, special fatty acid esters, polyhydric alcohol esters; paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, polytetrafluoroethylene wax, polyamide wax And synthetic waxes such as silicone compounds. A mold release agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

  The content of the release agent is, for example, in the range of 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the whole toner.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a charge control agent, A conventionally well-known charge control agent is used. For example, positively chargeable charge control agents such as nigrosine dyes, fatty acid-modified nigrosine dyes, carboxyl group-containing fatty acid-modified nigrosine dyes, quaternary ammonium salts, amine compounds, amide compounds, imide compounds, organometallic compounds; oxycarboxylic acids And negatively chargeable charge control agents such as metal complexes of azo compounds, metal complex dyes and salicylic acid derivatives. A charge control agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

  The metal oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, strontium titanate, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, and calcium titanate. A metal oxide may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.

(Toner characteristics)
When the weight average molecular weight obtained by the gel permeation chromatography measurement of the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner used in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment is Mw and the number average molecular weight is Mn, Mw is 10,000 or more and 60. 5,000 or less, and preferably 25,000 or more and 50,000 or less. A toner having Mw in this range is excellent in fixability. If the weight average molecular weight Mw obtained by gel permeation chromatography measurement of the tetrahydrofuran soluble part of the toner is less than 10,000, there is a high possibility that hot offset will occur during toner fixing even if the gel part is present. When the value exceeds 60,000, the minimum fixing temperature, that is, the temperature at which the toner image is not separated when the substrate on which the toner image is formed is folded is increased.

  Mw / Mn is 5 or more and 10 or less, and preferably 6 or more and 8 or less. If Mw / Mn is less than 5, the technical difficulty in the production of the binder resin is high and expensive. If it exceeds 10, the difference in meltability with respect to the fixing temperature is large, and the fixed image tends to be uneven. The quality of the fixed image is inferior.

  Here, the molecular weight distribution curve, each average molecular weight, and peak molecular weight in GPC measurement of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble content of the toner particles are measured as follows.

  First, 0.5 mg of toner particles (or toner) to be measured are dissolved in 1 g of THF (tetrahydrofuran), and after ultrasonic dispersion, the concentration is adjusted to 0.5%. Measured by GPC.

  “HLC-8120GPC, SC-8020 (manufactured by Tosoh)” is used as the GPC apparatus, two “TSKgel, SuperHM-H (6.0 mm ID × 15 cm, manufactured by Tosoh)” are used as the column, and THF is used as the eluent. As experimental conditions, an experiment is performed using a sample concentration of 0.5%, a flow rate of 0.6 mL / min, a sample injection amount of 10 μL, a measurement temperature of 40 ° C., and a RI (Refractive Index) detector. The calibration curve is “polystylen standard sample TSK standard” manufactured by Tosoh: “A-500”, “F-1”, “F-10”, “F-80”, “F-380”, “A-2500”. ”,“ F-4 ”,“ F-40 ”,“ F-128 ”, and“ F-700 ”.

  The toluene insoluble content of the toner particles is preferably 25% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less, more preferably 28% by mass or more and 38% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less. When the toluene insoluble content of the toner particles is set within the above range, the hygroscopicity of the toner particles is lowered, and the toner particle transportability is easily improved.

  Here, the toluene insoluble content of the toner particles is a constituent component of the toner particles insoluble in toluene. That is, the toluene-insoluble component is an insoluble component having a binder resin component (particularly, a high molecular weight component of the binder resin) insoluble in toluene as a main component (for example, 50% by mass or more). This toluene insoluble matter can be said to be an indicator of the content of the crosslinked resin contained in the toner. The toluene insoluble content is a value measured by the following method.

  1 g of weighed toner particles (or toner) is put into a weighed glass fiber cylindrical filter paper, and is attached to an extraction tube of a heated Soxhlet extraction apparatus. And toluene is inject | poured into a flask and it heats to 110 degreeC using a mantle heater. Further, the peripheral portion of the extraction tube is heated to 125 ° C. using a heater attached to the extraction tube. Extraction is performed at a reflux rate such that the extraction cycle is once in the range of 4 minutes to 5 minutes. After extraction for 10 hours, the cylindrical filter paper and the toner residue are taken out, dried and weighed. Then, the formula: toner particle (or toner) residue amount (mass%) = [(cylinder filter paper amount + toner residue amount) (g) −cylindrical filter paper amount (g)] ÷ toner particle (or toner) mass (g) × Based on 100, the toner particle (or toner) residue amount (% by mass) is calculated, and the toner particle (or toner) residue amount (% by mass) is defined as toluene insoluble matter (% by mass).

  The toner particle (or toner) residue is composed of an inorganic substance such as a colorant and an external additive, and a high molecular weight component of a binder resin. Further, when the toner particles include a release agent, the release agent is soluble in toluene because extraction is performed by heating.

  The toluene insoluble content of the toner particles is, for example, 1) a method of forming a crosslinked structure or a branched structure by adding a crosslinking agent to a polymer component having a reactive functional group at the terminal, and 2) at the terminal. It is adjusted by a method of forming a crosslinked structure or a branched structure with a polyvalent metal ion on a polymer component having an ionic functional group, and 3) a method of extending a resin chain length by a treatment with isocyanate or the like, or a method of forming a branch.

In the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 is 0.6 or less, preferably 0.5 or less, 720 cm ^-1 vicinity of The ratio of the peak absorption near 820 cm ^{−1 to} the peak absorption is 0.4 or less, and preferably 0.3 or less. Further, in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner according to the present embodiment, the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 is preferably 0.2 or more, 0.3 or more more preferably in the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.08 or more. The ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak of absorption around the 720 cm ^-1 is more than 0.6, it strength of the toner particles is liable to be lowered, is less than 0.2, the toner particles storability May decrease. Further, when the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak of absorption around the 720 cm ^-1 is more than 0.4, it strength of the toner particles is liable to be lowered, is less than 0.05, the storage of the toner particles May decrease.

In the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 1500 cm ^-1 is preferably 0.5 or less, and more preferably 0.4 or less. Further, in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner according to the present embodiment, the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 1500 cm ^-1 is preferably 0.1 or more, 0.15 or more More preferably. The ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak of absorption around the 1500 cm ^-1 is greater than 0.5, it strength of the toner particles is liable to be lowered, is less than 0.1, the toner particles storability May decrease.

Here, the peak absorption (absorbance) of each wavelength or wave number by infrared absorption spectrum analysis is measured by the following method. First, a measurement sample of the toner particles (or toner) to be measured is prepared by the KBr tablet method. Then, the measurement sample, an infrared spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation: FT-IR-410), the number of integration 300 times under the conditions of a resolution ^{4 cm -1,} wave number 500 cm ^-1 or more 4000 cm ^-1 or less Measure the range. Then, baseline correction is performed at an offset portion where there is no absorbed light, and absorbance at each wavelength or wave number is obtained. Incidentally, "720cm around ^-1", "820cm around ^-1", and "1500cm around ^-1", respectively wavenumber "720 ± 20 cm ^-1", "820 ± 20 cm ^-1", "1500 ± 20 cm ^-1" Point to.

Here, the peak in the vicinity of 720 cm ⁻¹ is a bending vibration based on the carbon-hydrogen bond (C—H bond) of the fatty chain, and is a peak derived from the fatty chain of the polyester resin. The peak in the vicinity of 820 cm ⁻¹ is an out-of-plane bending vibration based on the carbon-hydrogen bond (C—H bond) of the aromatic ring, and when the component contains a bisphenol derivative such as bisphenol A, the benzene ring of bisphenol It is a peak derived from adjacent hydrogen. The peak in the vicinity of 1500 cm ⁻¹ is a stretching vibration based on the carbon-carbon double bond (C═C bond) of the aromatic ring. When a bisphenol derivative such as bisphenol A is contained as a constituent component, the peak in the benzene ring of bisphenol It is a derived peak. The toner whose peak in the infrared absorption spectrum satisfies the above conditions is, for example, one that does not contain a bisphenol derivative such as bisphenol A as a constituent component, or has a bisphenol derivative content of 5 mol% or less of the total alcohol constituent components. .

FIG. 5 shows an example of the infrared absorption spectrum of the toner. In FIG. 5, absorption peaks near wave numbers 720 cm ⁻¹ , 820 cm ^−1, and 1500 cm ⁻¹ are indicated by arrows, respectively. In FIG. 5, 0.6 or less is the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1, the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 0.4 under an example of infrared absorption spectrum of the toner is less than the center, beyond the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 is 0.6 to the peak absorption around 720 cm ^-1, 820 cm to the peak absorption at around 720 cm ^-1 An example of an infrared absorption spectrum of a toner having a peak absorption ratio near ⁻¹ exceeding 0.4 is shown above.

  The volume average particle diameter D50v of the toner is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less. By being in the said range, adhesive force is high and developability is improved. In addition, the resolution of the image can be improved. The volume average particle diameter D50v of the toner is more preferably in the range of 0.8 μm or more and 4.0 μm or less, and further preferably in the range of 1.0 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less.

The volume average particle size D50v, the number average particle size distribution index (GSDp), the volume average particle size distribution index (GSDv), and the like of the toner are measured using a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device such as LA920 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.). Measured. Draw a cumulative distribution from the smaller diameter side for each particle size range (channel) divided based on the particle size distribution, and particles with a cumulative particle size of 16%, volume D16v, number D16p, and cumulative 50% The diameter is defined as volume D50v, number D50p, and the particle diameter at 84% cumulative is defined as volume D84v, number D84p. Using these, the volume average particle size distribution index (GSDv) is calculated as (D84v / D16v) ^1/2 and the number average particle size distribution index (GSDp) is calculated as (D84p / D16p) ^1/2 .

(Toner production method)
The method for producing the toner used in the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wet production methods such as a kneading and pulverizing method, a liquid emulsification method, and a polymerization method.

  For example, binder resin, and if necessary, colorant, other additives, etc. are put into a mixing device such as a Henschel mixer and mixed, and this mixture is melted with a twin screw extruder, Banbury mixer, roll mill, kneader, etc. After kneading, cooling with a drum flaker, etc., coarsely pulverizing with a pulverizer such as a hammer mill, and further pulverizing with a pulverizer such as a jet mill, followed by classification using an air classifier, etc. can get.

  Also, the binder resin, if necessary, the colorant and other additives were dissolved in a solvent such as ethyl acetate, and emulsified and suspended in water to which a dispersion stabilizer such as calcium carbonate was added, and the solvent was removed. Thereafter, particles obtained by removing the dispersion stabilizer are filtered and dried to obtain an in-liquid emulsified dry toner.

  In addition, a polymerizable monomer, a colorant, and a polymerization initiator (for example, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, isopropyl peroxycarbonate, cumene hydroperoxide, 2,4-dichloroylbenzoyl peroxide) that form a binder resin , Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, etc.) and other additives are added to the aqueous phase under stirring and granulated. After the polymerization reaction, the particles are filtered and dried to obtain a polymerized toner.

  The mixing ratio of each material (binder resin, colorant, other additives, etc.) for obtaining the toner may be set in consideration of required characteristics, low temperature fixability, color, and the like.

<Developer>
In the present embodiment, the developer is not particularly limited except that it contains the toner according to the present embodiment, and an appropriate component composition may be taken according to the purpose. The developer in this embodiment becomes a one-component developer when toner is used alone, and becomes a two-component developer when used in combination with a carrier.

  For example, in the case of using a carrier, the carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known carriers. For example, resins described in JP-A Nos. 62-39879 and 56-11461 are disclosed. Known carriers such as a coated carrier can be used.

  Specific examples of the carrier include the following resin-coated carriers. Examples of the core particles of the carrier include normal iron powder, ferrite, and magnetite molding, and the volume average particle size is in the range of about 30 μm to 200 μm.

  Examples of the coating resin for the resin-coated carrier include styrenes such as styrene, parachlorostyrene, and α-methylstyrene; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, acrylic acid 2 -Α-methylene fatty acid monocarboxylic acids such as ethylhexyl, methyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate; nitrogen-containing acrylics such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, etc. Vinyl nitriles; vinyl pyridines such as 2-vinyl pyridine and 4-vinyl pyridine; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone, vinyl isopropenyl Homopolymers such as vinyl ketones such as ketones; olefins such as ethylene and propylene; vinyl-based fluorine-containing monomers such as vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoroethylene; and copolymers composed of two or more types of monomers Furthermore, silicone resins containing methyl silicone, methyl phenyl silicone, etc., polyesters containing bisphenol, glycol, etc., epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, polyamide resins, cellulose resins, polyether resins, polycarbonate resins and the like can be mentioned. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The coating amount of the coating resin is preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the core particles. preferable.

  For the production of the carrier, a heating type kneader, a heating type Henschel mixer, a UM mixer or the like may be used. Depending on the amount of the coating resin, a heating type fluidized rolling bed, a heating type kiln or the like may be used.

  The mixing ratio of the toner of the present embodiment and the carrier in the developer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not construed as being limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications, changes, and improvements can be made, and a range that satisfies the requirements of the present invention. Needless to say, this is feasible.

  Hereinafter, although an example and a comparative example are given and the present invention is explained more concretely in detail, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

<Measurement method>
The volume average particle diameter D50v of the toner was measured using Multisizer II (aperture diameter 50 μm, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.). Specifically, with respect to the particle size distribution measured by Multisizer II, a cumulative distribution of volume was drawn from the smaller diameter side with respect to the divided particle size range (channel), and the particle size at 50% accumulation was defined as D50v.

<Preparation of Amorphous Polyester Resin (A1)>
In a three-necked flask dried inside, 60 parts by mass of dimethyl terephthalate, 74 parts by mass of dimethyl fumarate, 30 parts by mass of dodecenyl succinic anhydride, 22 parts by mass of trimellitic acid, 138 parts by mass of propylene glycol, 0.3 mass of dibutyltin oxide Part was added. The temperature was raised under stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere, and after the reaction was carried out at 185 ° C. for 3 hours while removing water produced by the reaction, the temperature was raised to 240 ° C. while gradually reducing the pressure. After reacting for hours, it was cooled. Thus, an amorphous polyester resin (A1) having a weight average molecular weight Mw of 39,000 was produced.

<Preparation of Amorphous Polyester Resin (A2)>
Amorphous polyester was produced in the same manner as amorphous polyester resin (A1) except that the reaction was carried out at 190 ° C for 3 hours, the temperature was gradually raised to 220 ° C while reducing the pressure, and the reaction was further continued for 2.5 hours. Resin (A2) was produced. The weight average molecular weight Mw of the amorphous polyester resin (A2) was 26,000.

<Preparation of Amorphous Polyester Resin (A3)>
Instead of 138 parts by mass of propylene glycol, 128 parts by mass of propylene glycol and 19 parts by mass of butylene glycol were allowed to react at 195 ° C. for 4 hours, then the temperature was raised to 240 ° C. while gradually reducing the pressure, and further reacted for 6 hours. Amorphous polyester resin (A3) was produced in the same manner as amorphous polyester resin (A1) except that. The weight average molecular weight Mw of the amorphous polyester resin (A3) was 56,000.

<Preparation of crystalline polyester resin (B1)>
100 parts by mass of dimethyl sebacate, 67.8 parts by mass of hexanediol, and 0.10 parts by mass of dibutyltin oxide were added to a three-necked flask whose interior was dried. The temperature was raised with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere, and after reacting at 185 ° C. for 5 hours while removing water generated during the reaction, the temperature was raised to 220 ° C. while gradually reducing the pressure. After reacting for hours, it was cooled. Thus, a crystalline polyester resin (B1) having a weight average molecular weight of 33,700 was produced.

  The melting temperature of this crystalline polyester resin (B1) is described in the method for determining the melting temperature in JIS K7121-1987 “Method for measuring transition temperature of plastic” from the DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was 71 degreeC when it calculated | required by "melting peak temperature".

<Preparation of Amorphous Polyester Resin (A4)>
60 parts by mass of dimethyl terephthalate, 74 parts by mass of dimethyl fumarate, 30 parts by mass of dodecenyl succinic anhydride, 22 parts by mass of trimellitic acid, 137 parts by mass of bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, 191 parts by mass of bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct, dibutyltin An amorphous polyester resin (A4) was produced in the same manner as the amorphous polyester resin (A1) except that the amount of oxide was 0.3 parts by mass. The weight average molecular weight Mw of the amorphous polyester resin (A4) was 27,000.

<Preparation of Toner (1)>
73 parts by mass of an amorphous polyester resin (A1), 6 parts by mass of a crystalline polyester resin (B1), 7 parts by mass of a colorant (CI Pigment Red 122), and paraffin wax (melting) as a release agent A Henschel mixer (manufactured by Nihon Coke Kogyo Co., Ltd.) with 5 parts by mass of a temperature of 73 ° C., manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd. and 2 parts by mass of an ester wax (behenyl behenate, Unistar M-2222SL, manufactured by NOF Corporation) The mixture was stirred and mixed at a peripheral speed of 15 m / sec for 5 minutes, and the resulting stirred mixture was melt-kneaded with an extruder type continuous kneader. Here, the setting conditions of the extruder type continuous kneader were a supply side temperature of 160 ° C., a discharge side temperature of 130 ° C., a cooling roll supply side temperature of 40 ° C., and a discharge side temperature of 25 ° C. The temperature of the cooling belt was set to 10 ° C.

  The obtained melt-kneaded product is cooled, coarsely pulverized using a hammer mill, and then finely pulverized using a jet type pulverizer (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd.) so that the volume average particle diameter is 6.5 μm. Further, the mixture was classified using an elbow jet classifier (manufactured by Nippon Steel & Mining Co., Ltd., model: EJ-LABO) to remove fine powder and coarse powder, and toner (1) was obtained. The volume average particle diameter of the toner (1) was 7.0 μm.

As a result of measuring the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner (1) by GPC, the weight average molecular weight Mw was 37,000, the number average molecular weight Mn was 5,000, and the peak molecular weight was 9,500. From this, Mw / Mn was calculated as 7.4. Toner from the infrared absorption spectrum of (1), the ratio (A / C) of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 (C) (A), the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 (C) the ratio of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 for (B) (B / C) , to calculate the ratio (B / a) of the peak absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 1500cm ^-1 (a) (B) A / C was 0.5, B / C was 0.1, and B / A was 0.3. Further, the toluene insoluble content of the toner (1) was 34% by mass.

<Preparation of Toner (2)>
Toner (2) was prepared in the same manner as toner (1) except that amorphous polyester resin (A1) was changed to amorphous polyester resin (A2). The volume average particle diameter of the toner (2) was 6.8 μm. The weight average molecular weight Mw of the toner (2) was 25,000, the number average molecular weight Mn was 3,000, the peak molecular weight was 7,000, and Mw / Mn was 8.3. Toner (2) had an A / C of 0.6, a B / C of 0.2, and a B / A of 0.3. Further, the toluene insoluble content of the toner (2) was 28% by mass.

<Preparation of Toner (3)>
Toner (3) was prepared in the same manner as toner (1) except that amorphous polyester resin (A1) was changed to amorphous polyester resin (A3). The volume average particle diameter of the toner (3) is 7.5 μm. The weight average molecular weight Mw of the toner (3) was 60,000, the number average molecular weight Mn was 8,500, the peak molecular weight was 11,000, and Mw / Mn was 7.1. Toner (3) had an A / C of 0.5, a B / C of 0.2, and a B / A of 0.4. In addition, the toluene insoluble content of the toner (3) was 38% by mass.

<Preparation of Toner (4)>
A toner (4) was prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of the toner (1) except that the crystalline resin was not used in the preparation of the toner (4) and the amorphous polyester resin (A1) was changed to 79 parts by mass. The volume average particle diameter of the toner (4) was 7.1 μm. The weight average molecular weight Mw of the toner (4) was 39,000, the number average molecular weight Mn was 4,500, the peak molecular weight was 9,800, and Mw / Mn was 8.7. Toner (4) had an A / C of 0.6, a B / C of 0.1, and a B / A of 0.3. In addition, the toluene insoluble content of the toner (4) was 33% by mass.

<Preparation of Toner (5)>
A toner (5) was produced in the same manner as in the production of the toner (4) except that the amorphous polyester resin (A1) was changed to an amorphous polyester resin (A4). The volume average particle diameter of the toner (5) is 7.7 μm. The weight average molecular weight Mw of the toner (5) was 27,000, the number average molecular weight Mn was 5,000, the peak molecular weight was 7,500, and Mw / Mn was 5.4. Toner (5) had an A / C of 3.0, a B / C of 1.7, and a B / A of 0.6. In addition, the toluene insoluble content of the toner (5) was 31% by mass.

<Production of developer>
8 parts by mass of each toner and 100 parts by mass of the carrier were mixed with a V blender to obtain a developer. The carrier is 100 parts by mass of ferrite particles (volume average particle size: 50 μm), 14 parts by mass of toluene, and a styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (component ratio (molar ratio): styrene / methyl methacrylate = 90/10, (Weight average molecular weight Mw = 80,000) 2 parts by mass, first, the above components excluding ferrite particles are stirred for 10 minutes with a stirrer to prepare a coating solution, and then the coating solution and ferrite particles are mixed. It was obtained by putting in a vacuum degassing type kneader (manufactured by Inoue Seisakusho), stirring for 30 minutes at 60 ° C., further depressurizing while heating, degassing, drying, and then sieving at 105 μm. .

[Examples 1 to 4]
<Emission test>
Using toners (1) to (4), a developer supply container that can be attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 2 and an image forming apparatus (Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Apeos Port-VI C7771, K engine) at 28 ° C. Under high temperature and high humidity conditions of 85% RH, the amount of toner discharged was measured every second with a toner charge of 500 g. The suction operation and the exhaust operation through the discharge port are alternately performed for 00 seconds each, and the toner is stirred by the intake air in the vicinity of the discharge port and quantitatively discharged into the developing container by the exhaust. The rotation speed of the developer supply container was 20 rpm. The discharge amount (mg / s) when 100 g to 400 g of toner was discharged was measured, and the discharge stability was evaluated as a standard deviation. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Fixing test>
Using toners (1) to (4), using a developer supply container and an image forming apparatus (Apeos Port-VI C7771, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., K engine) shown in FIG. 2, high temperature and high humidity of 28 ° C. and 85% RH The fixing test was conducted under the conditions of a fixing temperature of 120 ° C. A3 paper (Fuji Xerox, P paper) was used. A patch image having a toner application amount (TMA) per unit area of 5 g / m ² was formed on the front end side of the paper, and a chart having a blank paper portion where no image was formed on the rear end side. Ten images of this image are repeatedly formed and sampled, and the presence or absence of black spots (discharge of toner lump onto the image) is visually observed to fix toner peeling (offset) in the patch area and re-fixability to the white paper area. The following criteria were evaluated as sex. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Fixability)
○: Toner from the patch part (image missing) and no re-fixing to the white paper part Δ: Toner from the patch part (image missing) no light re-fixing to the white paper part ×: Toner from the patch part There is peeling (image omission) and re-fixing to the blank page

[Comparative Example 1]
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the developer supply container 200 shown in FIG. 4 was used. A developer supply container 200 shown in FIG. 4 includes a cylindrical developer storage chamber 202 and an agitating and conveying member 204 having paddle-shaped agitating blades, and conveys toner as the agitating and conveying member 204 rotates. The toner is discharged from the discharge port 206 to the developing container of the developing device. The rotation speed of the agitating and conveying member 204 was 20 rpm. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Reference Example 1]
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 except that the toner (5) was used. The results are shown in Table 1.

[Example 5]
Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the developer supply container shown in FIG. 3 was used. The results are shown in Table 1.

Thus, in the examples, the polyester resin is included as the binder resin, the Mw of the tetrahydrofuran soluble portion of the toner is 10,000 or more and 60,000 or less, the Mw / Mn is 5 or more and 10 or less, and the toner the ratio of the infrared absorption spectrum analysis, and 0.6 or less is the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1, the peak absorption at about 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 Compared to the case of using a developer replenishing container that stirs and conveys by a stirring and conveying member having a paddle-like or ladder-like stirring blade when a toner having a toner of 0.4 or less is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. It was possible to improve the discharge stability of the developer containing. In addition, image defects such as black spots (discharge of toner lump onto the image) were suppressed in the formed image, and the fixability was improved.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Image holding body, 20 Charging apparatus, 30 Exposure apparatus, 40 Developing apparatus, 41 Developing container, 41A Developing container main body, 41B Developing container cover, 41C Partition wall, 42 Developing roll, 42A Developing roll chamber, 43 1st stirring member, 43A 1st stirring chamber, 44 2nd stirring member, 44A 2nd stirring chamber, 45 layer thickness regulating member, 46 replenishment conveyance path, 50 intermediate transfer member, 50A, 50B support roller, 50C back roller, 50D drive roller, 51 primary Transfer device, 52 Secondary transfer device, 53 Recording paper supply device, 53A Conveying roller, 53B Guide plate, 54 Intermediate transfer member cleaning device, 55, 72 Cleaning blade, 60, 200 Developer supply container, 61, 202 Developer accommodation Chamber, 62 groove portion, 63 developer discharge chamber, 64, 206 discharge port, 65 pump portion, 70 Cleaning device, 71 a housing, 80 a fixing device, 81 a fixing roller, 82 carrier, 100 image forming apparatus, 204 agitation transport member, P recording medium.

Claims (7)

A developing device that contains a developer containing a developer containing toner, and that develops an electrostatic image formed on the surface of the image carrier using the toner to form a toner image;
Development having a developer storage chamber for storing a replenishment developer, a transport section for transporting the developer in the developer storage chamber as it rotates, and a discharge port for discharging the developer transported by the transport section. A developer discharge container, and a developer supply container for discharging the developer to the developer container by an intake operation and an exhaust operation through the discharge port;
With
The toner is
As a binder resin, contains a polyester resin,
When the weight average molecular weight obtained by gel permeation chromatography measurement of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble content of the toner is Mw and the number average molecular weight is Mn, Mw is 10,000 or more and 60,000 or less, and Mw / Mn is 5 or more and 10 or less,
In the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner is 0.6 or less is the ratio of the peak absorption around 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1, the peak of absorption around 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about 720 cm ^-1 The ratio is 0.4 or less,
An image forming apparatus. In the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the 720 cm ratio of the peak absorption around the 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption around ^-1 is 0.5 or less, the relative peak absorption around the 720 cm ^-1 820 cm ^-1 The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of peak absorption in the vicinity is 0.3 or less. In the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the 720 cm ^-1 near ratio of the peak absorption around the 1500 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption is not less than 0.2, the relative peak absorption around the 720 cm ^-1 820 cm ^-1 The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of peak absorption in the vicinity is 0.05 or more. In the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around the 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about the 1500 cm ^-1 is equal to or more than 0.5, any one of claims 1 to 3 2. The image forming apparatus according to item 1. Characterized in that in the infrared absorption spectrum analysis of the toner, the ratio of the peak absorption around the 820 cm ^-1 to the peak absorption at about the 1500 cm ^-1 is 0.4 or less, any one of claims 1 to 4 2. The image forming apparatus according to item 1.   The intake operation and the exhaust operation through the discharge port are alternately performed, the developer is stirred by intake air in the vicinity of the discharge port, and discharged to the developer container by exhaust gas. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer supply container quantitatively discharges the developer into the developer container.