JP2019122958A - 排ガスからの汚染物質の再生回収 - Google Patents
排ガスからの汚染物質の再生回収 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019122958A JP2019122958A JP2019039633A JP2019039633A JP2019122958A JP 2019122958 A JP2019122958 A JP 2019122958A JP 2019039633 A JP2019039633 A JP 2019039633A JP 2019039633 A JP2019039633 A JP 2019039633A JP 2019122958 A JP2019122958 A JP 2019122958A
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- stripper
- sulfur dioxide
- absorber
- absorption
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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Abstract
Description
ストリッピングスチームを発生させるためのエネルギー源を提供するために、吸収液ストリッパ30からの1次ストリッパガス排出物33を、1次ストリッパガス排出物の圧力を増加させるのに適切な装置において圧縮する。適切な装置としては、機械圧縮器及び熱圧縮器(すなわち、スチームジェットエジェクタ)が挙げられる。図1で示されるように、1次ストリッパガス排出物は、好適にはスチームジェットエジェクタ36を通過することによって圧縮される。接触式硫酸プラントの排ガスから二酸化硫黄が回収される場合、三酸化硫黄の吸収熱回収において発生するスチームが、エジェクタの駆動スチームを提供し得る。
本発明の過程は、接触式硫酸プラントの排ガスからの二酸化硫黄の回収に適する。しかしながら、本過程は、比較的濃厚な二酸化硫黄ガスストリームを発生させる動作を含む、二酸化硫黄の回収を必要とする他の過程動作に適用することができる。供給ガスから二酸化硫黄を吸収する反応は、一般的に発熱性であるので、本過程が、ガスストリームを含む、例えば2〜4容量%以上の二酸化硫黄を含有する濃厚ガスから二酸化硫黄を回収するために使用される場合、吸収器においてかなりの反応熱が発生し、二酸化硫黄含有量は、10容量%、15容量%、20容量%、25容量%、30容量%、40容量%の高さに、またはさらに高くなり得る。例えば、二酸化硫黄濃度は、少なくとも約4容量%、または少なくとも約5容量%、または少なくとも約10容量%、または少なくとも約15容量%、または少なくとも約20容量%、または少なくとも約30容量%であり得る。
図8は、タンデムに動作する2つの別個の吸収回路及びストリッピング回路間で汚染物質ガスの吸収負荷を分けることによって、かなりのエネルギーの節減と同時に大幅に低い排出の達成が実現されるシステムを例示する。図8に関連して説明されるように、本過程は、二酸化硫黄の回収に適用される。しかしながら、本過程は、吸収したガスと溶媒、一般的に水との間に揮発度の総計差がある吸収液を生成するために、水性システムにおいて吸収を受ける他のガスの回収に適用することができる。そのような吸収システムでは、同時係属の米国特許出願第13/283,671号で開示されるように、吸収反応は、一般的に、非ゼロ次である。図10及び図11で例示されるように、吸収器における任意の所与のL/G及び溶媒とSO2との比率で、吸収器の排気ガス中の残留SO2濃度は、スチームと、SO2が吸収液から回収されるストリッパとの比率によって変動する。図12で例示されるように、その理由は、スチームとストリッパとの比率が低下するにつれて、吸収器に再循環される再生した吸収媒体中の残留SO2濃度が増加し、それによって、SO2を吸収するための駆動力が低減することにある。ガス流に対して直列である2つの吸収器の間で吸収負荷を分けることで、二酸化硫黄の大部分を、第1の濃厚ガス吸収器における適度のL/G及び溶媒とSO2との比率で、供給ガスから除去することを可能にし、非常に低減された二酸化硫黄含有量を有する希薄ガスを生成するが、一般的に、排出基準を満たす、及び/または目標の硫黄収率を満たすレベルまでは低減されない。次いで、許容可能な残留設計目標の濃度まで下がった、残りの二酸化硫黄が、同じく比較的適度のL/Gであるが比較的高い吸着剤とSO2との比率で、ガス流の方向で濃厚ガス吸収器の下流の希薄ガス吸収器において希薄ガスから除去され得る。
表A
(a)表に記載されたL/Gの値は、吸収媒体が20重量%のNaリンゴ酸塩を含有した場合の過程に関するものであり、この見出しで表される関係について、L/Gは、リンゴ酸塩含有量の変化に対して比例的に調整される
をプロットする。
Claims (10)
- 原料ガスから二酸化硫黄を除去し、そして、二酸化硫黄を回収するためのプロセスであって、
前記原料ガスを含む供給ガスストリームを、吸収器において、前記供給ガスストリームと向流的に流れると共に、前記二酸化硫黄のリンゴ酸の吸着剤を含む水性の二酸化硫黄吸収媒体と接触させ、それによって、二酸化硫黄を前記供給ガスストリームから前記二酸化硫黄吸収媒体に吸収し、そして、二酸化硫黄が除去された排気ガス、及び二酸化硫黄濃縮吸収液を生成することと、
前記二酸化硫黄濃縮吸収液を、吸収液ストリッパにおいて、ストリッピングスチームと接触させて、前記二酸化硫黄濃縮吸収液から二酸化硫黄を脱着させ、それによって、再生した二酸化硫黄吸収媒体、ならびに水蒸気及び二酸化硫黄を含むストリッパガス排出物を生成することと、
前記吸収液ストリッパの液体出口から、再生した二酸化硫黄吸収媒体を取り出し、前記吸収液ストリッパの蒸気出口からストリッパガス排出物を取り出すことと、
前記吸収器の基部における前記二酸化硫黄濃縮吸収液のpHを3.4〜4.2の間に維持するように、前記二酸化硫黄吸収媒体に所定の割合で酸又は塩基を加えることと、
を含む、プロセス。 - 前記吸収器を出る前記供給ガスストリームの前記SO2含有量は、450ppm未満である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記吸収器を出る前記供給ガスストリームの前記SO2含有量は、200ppm未満である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記吸収器を出る前記供給ガスストリームの前記SO2含有量は、100ppm未満である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記吸収器を出る前記供給ガスストリームの前記SO2含有量は、17ppm未満である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記二酸化硫黄吸収媒体のpHは、前記二酸化硫黄吸収媒体が前記吸収器を出る領域におけるpHに維持される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記二酸化硫黄吸収媒体のpHは、吸収に最も好ましい平衡をもたらすpH以下の値に維持される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記二酸化硫黄吸収媒体のpHは、吸収に最も好ましい平衡をもたらすpHと異なる値に維持される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記吸収器の底部における前記二酸化硫濃厚吸収液のpHは、3.4〜4.0の間の値に維持される、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記吸収液ストリッパにおける前記スチームの消費は、前記吸収液ストリッパにおいて前記液相から除去されるSO2に対して4.8〜7.5lbs/lb.SO2である、請求項9に記載のプロセス。
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