JP2019082359A - Monitoring device and monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a monitoring device and a monitoring system capable of monitoring the state of a surface such as a road surface with high accuracy. In order to achieve the above object, a monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a transmission member, an emission unit, and a detection unit. The transmissive member has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The emitting unit emits a first electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization state on the second surface of the transmitting member. The detection unit detects a second electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization component among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a monitoring device capable of monitoring the surface condition of a road surface or a structure, and a monitoring system.

  It is important in terms of safety management to monitor the icing and icing conditions of the road surface and the runway surface (hereinafter referred to as "the road surface"). For the monitoring, there is known a technique of measuring the depth of snow by measuring the distance by irradiating a laser, a sound wave or the like from the outside on the road surface. There is also known a technique of measuring the state of snowfall or the like by irradiating an electromagnetic wave from the outside.

  However, when implementing the above-mentioned technology, installing a monitoring device on or near the road surface is likely to cause traffic problems. Also, installing a monitoring device above the airport runway and around it affects the safety of take-off and landing on the aircraft, so there are major limitations on installation.

  In Patent Document 1, it is possible to embed in the road surface or the inside of a structure, and determine the presence or absence of snow etc. (snow, ice, water, volcanic ash, sand, etc.) locally attached to the road surface or the surface of the structure. A snow and ice monitoring device capable of monitoring detailed snow depth and quality conditions is disclosed.

  By embedding this snow and ice monitoring device inside the runway, it is possible to avoid an obstacle to the aircraft. In addition, it is possible to monitor the detailed condition regarding the depth and quality of snow cover on the entire runway while preventing damage or the like due to the collision of foreign matter from the outside (see paragraph [0011] of Patent Document 1) ].

JP, 2016-170069, A

  As described above, it is very important to monitor the condition of the road surface or the surface of the structure with high accuracy, and a technique capable of improving the accuracy of monitoring is required.

  In view of the circumstances as described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring device and a monitoring system that can monitor the state of a surface such as a road surface with high accuracy.

In order to achieve the above object, a monitoring device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a transmitting member, an emitting unit, and a detecting unit.
The transmissive member has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface.
The emitting unit emits a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined polarization state to the second surface of the transmitting member.
The detection unit detects a second electromagnetic wave of a predetermined polarization component among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface.

  In this monitoring device, the first electromagnetic wave of the predetermined polarization state is emitted to the second surface of the transmission member. Further, of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface, the second electromagnetic wave having a predetermined polarization component is detected. This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The first electromagnetic wave may be linear polarization having a first polarization direction. In this case, the second electromagnetic wave may be linear polarization having a second polarization direction intersecting with the first polarization direction.
This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The second electromagnetic wave may have the second polarization direction substantially orthogonal to the first polarization direction.
Thus, it is possible to cut off the specular reflection component reflected by the first or second surface of the transmission member, and it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the state of the deposit.

The emitting unit may include an electromagnetic wave source, and a first extracting unit that extracts the first electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the electromagnetic wave source.
This makes it possible to easily generate the first electromagnetic wave.

The emitting unit may have a laser light source that emits a laser beam as the first electromagnetic wave.
This makes it possible to easily generate the first electromagnetic wave.

The detection unit may have a second extraction unit that extracts the second electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second surface, and a sensor unit that detects the extracted second electromagnetic wave. Good.
This makes it possible to easily detect the second electromagnetic wave.

The sensor unit may be an imaging unit configured to image the extracted second electromagnetic wave.
This makes it possible to easily detect the second electromagnetic wave.

The monitoring device may further include a changing unit capable of changing at least one of a first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave and a second polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave.
This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The detection unit may generate measurement data based on the detected second electromagnetic wave.
This makes it possible to detect with high accuracy the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface based on the measurement data, and to monitor the state of the surface such as the road surface with high accuracy.

The emitting unit may emit at least one of a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength, a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength band, and a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength width.
This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The emitting unit may emit a plurality of first electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths, wavelength bands, or wavelength widths.
This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The emitting unit may emit the first electromagnetic wave having directivity.
This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The monitoring device may further include a moving unit capable of changing at least one of the position of the emitting unit, the attitude of the emitting unit, the position of the detecting unit, and the attitude of the detecting unit.
This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The detection unit may have a sensor unit that detects the second electromagnetic wave. In this case, the moving unit may include an emitting position of the first electromagnetic wave, an incident angle of the first electromagnetic wave with respect to the second surface, a detection position of the sensor unit, and the sensor unit with respect to the second surface. At least one of the angles of the optical axis may be changeable.
This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The monitoring device may further include a coaxial mechanism portion in which an incident optical axis of the first electromagnetic wave with respect to the second surface and an optical axis of the sensor portion are substantially coaxial with each other.
This makes it possible to miniaturize the apparatus and to improve the freedom of selection of the installation place of the apparatus.

The first electromagnetic wave may be circular polarization or elliptical polarization.
This makes it possible to detect with high precision the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface, and to monitor with high precision the state of the surface such as the road surface.

The detection unit may detect a third electromagnetic wave of a polarization component different from the second electromagnetic wave among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface.
As a result, based on the detection results of the second and third electromagnetic waves, it is possible to detect the state of the deposit deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and monitor the state of the surface such as the road surface with high accuracy. It becomes possible.

A monitoring system according to an aspect of the present invention includes the monitoring device and a computer.
The computer generates deposit information on deposits deposited on the first surface based on the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave detected by the monitoring device.

  With this monitoring system, it is possible to generate deposit information regarding deposits deposited on the first surface with high accuracy, and it is possible to monitor the state of the surface such as the road surface with high accuracy.

The deposit information is in accordance with the type, thickness, density, particle size, moisture content, temperature, deposition distribution, coefficient of friction, uniformity of particles, information indicative of slipperiness of the deposit, and predetermined criteria. It may include at least one of the evaluated values.
This enables high-precision monitoring.

The evaluation value according to the predetermined standard may include a runway status code defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization.
As a result, management of the runway based on the runway status code is easily realized.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to monitor the state of the surface such as a road surface with high accuracy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the snow ice monitoring system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of a monitoring apparatus. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the measurement data transmitted from a monitoring apparatus. It is a block diagram showing an example of functional composition of an analysis device. It is a flow chart which shows an example of snow ice monitoring operation. It is a graph which shows an example of the radiative transfer model of snow. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a monitoring image. It is a graph which shows the relationship between snow thickness and the largest diameter of the light reception area | region in measurement image data. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the monitoring apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram showing an example of functional composition of an analysis device concerning a 3rd embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structural example of the monitoring apparatus which concerns on other embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment
[Snow and ice monitoring system]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration example of a snow and ice monitoring system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The snow and ice monitoring system 100 includes a monitoring device 10, an analysis device 30, a database 40, and a display 50.

  The monitoring device 10 is embedded in the runway 1 of the airport (in the ground). The monitoring device 10 monitors the condition of the surface 2 of the runway 1 and transmits measurement data on the surface 2 of the runway 1 to the analysis device 30 as a result of the monitoring. In the present embodiment, the surface of the runway 1 corresponds to the surface to be measured.

  The form of communication for transmitting measurement data is not limited. For example, measurement data is transmitted via a network such as a wide area network (WAN) or a local area network (LAN). Alternatively, the measurement data may be transmitted by wireless communication using a high frequency signal or the like. Besides, any communication form that enables wireless or wired communication may be constructed.

  The analysis device 30 receives the measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device 10. The analysis device 30 generates snow and ice information on snow (snow and ice) 3 deposited on the surface 2 of the runway 1 based on the features of the measurement data.

  In the present disclosure, ice and water are also described as being included in one of the types of snow (one in the state of snow). For example, the thickness of snow includes the thickness of ice deposited on the surface 2 of the runway 1. In addition, the state in which the surface 2 of the runway 1 is wet with water is also regarded as the state in which water, which is one type of snow, is deposited.

  In the present embodiment, the snow 3 corresponds to a deposit deposited on the surface to be measured. Moreover, snow and ice information corresponds to deposit information on deposits deposited on the surface to be measured.

  The snow and ice information includes, for example, the type of snow 3, the thickness (the amount of deposition), the density, the amount of water, the temperature, the distribution of deposition, and the like. Further, as the snow and ice information, an estimated value of the estimated value of the friction coefficient of the surface 2 of the runway 1 on which the snow 3 is deposited, and an evaluation value obtained by evaluating the state of the runway 1 on which the snow 3 is deposited according to a predetermined standard. As such evaluation value, for example, a runway condition code (RWYCC: Runway Condition Code) defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is mentioned. The evaluation value according to a predetermined standard can also be referred to as a converted amount to a numerical value according to the predetermined standard. In addition, another evaluation standard, an indicator, etc. may be adopted as a predetermined standard.

  It is not limited what kind of information is generated as the snow and ice information on snow 3 and any physical quantity on the snow 3 deposited, the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 on which the snow 3 deposited, the timing at which the snow 3 deposited Any information about snow 3 such as the outside air temperature may be generated. Also, arbitrary information on slipperiness, such as arbitrary information that is an indicator of slipperiness, may be generated as deposit information.

  Thereby, it becomes possible to monitor the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 with high precision, and to utilize the monitoring result effectively. The monitoring result includes both information derived based on the snow and ice information and the snow and ice information itself.

  The analysis device 30 can generate and output at least one of text data, image data, and audio data as output data including snow and ice information. For example, a monitoring image 60 including snow and ice information is generated and output to the display 50. For example, the manager 5a in the control room or the like of the airport can determine the management guideline or the like of the runway 1 by confirming the monitoring image 60 displayed on the display 50a.

  Further, the image data of the monitoring image 60 is transmitted to the aircraft 6 by radio or the like by the analysis device 30. As a result, the pilot 5b can determine whether or not to take off and land on the runway 1 by confirming the monitoring image 60 displayed on the display 50b in the cockpit. Also, the image data of the monitoring image 60 may be transmitted to the display 50c that can be viewed by the operation manager 5c on the ground. As a result, the operation manager 5c on the ground can determine whether or not to take off and land on the runway 1 by confirming the monitoring image 60.

  Of course, the analysis device 30 may generate audio data including snow and ice information. A voice including snow and ice information is output through a speaker in a control room or the like on the ground, such as a control room or the like. As a result, the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the operation manager 5c on the ground can select an appropriate response according to the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1.

  In addition, text data including numerical data or the like that is snow and ice information may be generated and output to the display 50. For example, in a state where a predetermined image is displayed on the displays 50a, 50b, and 50c, text data including snow and ice information is displayed above or below the screen. As a result, the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the operation manager 5c on the ground can easily grasp the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1, and can select an appropriate response.

  The database 40 stores the measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device 10 and the history of snow / ice information generated by the analysis device 30. In addition, various data used for the snow and ice monitoring system 100 are stored.

[Monitoring device]
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a configuration example of the monitoring device 10. The monitoring device 10 includes a housing 11, a transmitting member 12, a transmitting unit 13, a receiving unit 14, a moving mechanism 15, and a control block 16.

  The housing unit 11 has an internal space S, and is embedded inside the runway 1 so that the top surface 11 a of the housing unit 11 has substantially the same height as the surface 2 of the runway 1. Further, an opening 17 is formed on the upper surface 11 a of the housing unit 11. The shape of the housing 11 (the shape of the internal space S) and the shape of the opening 17 are not limited. For example, the case part 11 which has a cylindrical shape and in which the circular opening 17 is formed may be used. Alternatively, the casing 11 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape and having the rectangular opening 17 may be used.

  The transmitting member 12 is a member having transparency, and is fitted into the opening 17 formed in the upper surface 11 a of the housing unit 11 without a gap. The transmitting member 12 has a first surface 12 a and a second surface 12 b opposite to the first surface 12 a. The first surface 12 a is disposed on the runway 1 side, and the second surface 12 b is disposed on the inner space S side.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the transmitting member 12 is provided in the opening 17 of the housing 11 so that the first surface 12 a has the same height as the surface 2 of the runway 1. It becomes possible to acquire measurement data about surface 2 of runway 1 which is a measurement object surface by this. The first surface 12 a of the transmitting member 12 is a surface included in the surface to be measured. However, the first surface 12 a is not necessarily the same height as the surface 2 of the runway 1, and the heights may be different.

  The specific material of the transmissive member 12 is not limited, and a member having desired resistance such as tempered glass or reinforced plastic may be used appropriately. Moreover, having transparency means that both a transparent state and a semitransparent state are included with respect to a measurement wave (electromagnetic wave) emitted from the transmission unit 13, and it is necessarily transparent / semitransparent to visible light. It does not have to be.

  The transmission unit 13 is provided at a predetermined position in the internal space S of the housing unit 11 and includes a transmitter 18, a polarization plate (polarizer) 19, and a rotation mechanism 20. In the present embodiment, the transmitter 18 can emit a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths.

  The transmitter 18 is, for example, a laser oscillator (laser light source), and may itself be capable of transmitting laser light of a plurality of different wavelengths. Alternatively, the transmitter unit 13 may be provided with a plurality of transmitters 18 capable of transmitting laser beams of different wavelengths. The wavelength band and the wavelength width of the laser beam are not limited, and a wide band laser beam, a narrow band laser beam and the like may be appropriately used as the measurement wave.

  In addition, as the transmitter 18, for example, another light source such as an LED or a lamp light source may be used. The wavelength band or wavelength width of the emitted electromagnetic wave is not limited, and may be set as appropriate. The “electromagnetic wave” includes light of any wavelength range, such as infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light.

  The polarization plate (polarizer) 19 is disposed on the optical axis O1 of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the transmitter 18. The polarization plate (polarizer) 19 extracts a linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E 1 from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the transmitter 18. Accordingly, the transmission unit 13 emits the first electromagnetic wave E1 of linear polarization having the first polarization direction. In the present embodiment, the first electromagnetic wave E1 corresponds to an electromagnetic wave in a predetermined polarization state.

  The first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 corresponds to the polarization direction of the polarization plate (polarizer) 19. The specific configuration of the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 is not limited, and may be designed arbitrarily.

  The rotation mechanism 20 can rotate the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 around the optical axis O1 of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the transmitter 18. Thereby, it is possible to arbitrarily change the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted from the transmission unit 13. The specific configuration of the rotation mechanism 20 is not limited, and can be realized by any actuator mechanism including, for example, a motor and a gear mechanism. Of course any other configuration may be employed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the transmitting unit 13 is installed toward the second surface 12 b of the transmitting member 12. As a result, the linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1 is emitted to the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 along the optical axis O1. In the present embodiment, the transmitting unit 13 functions as an emitting unit. The transmitter 18 corresponds to an electromagnetic wave source, and the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 corresponds to a first extraction unit.

  As schematically shown in FIG. 2, a part of the first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted from the transmission unit 13 is reflected and scattered by the snow 3 deposited on the first surface 12 a of the transmission member 12. Further, a part of the first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted from the transmission unit 13 is reflected by the first surface 12a or the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12. Therefore, from the second surface 12 b of the transmission member 12, the scattered wave (scattered light) E 2 reflected and scattered by the snow 3 and the reflection reflected by the first surface 12 a and the second surface 12 b of the transmission member 12 An electromagnetic wave E4 including the wave E3 is emitted.

  Of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12, the scattered wave (scattered light) E2 reflected / scattered by the snow 3 can also be referred to as a scattered component by the snow 3. In the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12, the reflected wave E3 reflected by the first surface 12a or the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 can also be referred to as a reflection component. is there.

  The scattered wave E2 to be the scattering component is also disturbed in the polarization state due to the irregular reflection, and becomes an electromagnetic wave including a component in the polarization direction different from the first polarization direction. On the other hand, the reflected wave E3 to be a reflection component is an electromagnetic wave generated by regular reflection (mirror reflection), and is an electromagnetic wave whose polarization state is substantially maintained before and after reflection. That is, the reflected wave E3 is an electromagnetic wave having a polarization direction substantially equal to the first polarization direction.

  The receiving unit 14 is provided at a position facing the transmitting unit 13 in the internal space S of the housing 11 at a predetermined distance. The receiving unit 14 includes a receiver 21, a polarization plate (analyzer) 22, and a rotation mechanism 23.

  The receiver 21 can detect the intensity distribution of the incident electromagnetic wave. The receiver 21 is, for example, a two-dimensional optical sensor such as a CCD or a CMOS camera, and may be capable of detecting two-dimensional intensity distribution of a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths by itself. Alternatively, a plurality of receivers 21 may be installed in the receiving unit 14, and one-dimensional or two-dimensional intensity distribution of a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths as a whole may be detected.

  The polarization plate (analyzer) 22 is disposed on the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21. The polarization plate (analyzer) 22 extracts the second electromagnetic wave E5 of linear polarization having the second polarization direction among the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12. The second polarization direction of the extracted second electromagnetic wave E5 corresponds to the polarization direction of the polarization plate (analyzer) 22. The specific configuration of the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 is not limited and may be arbitrarily designed. In the present embodiment, the second electromagnetic wave E1 corresponds to an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined polarization component.

  The rotation mechanism 23 can rotate the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 about the optical axis O 2 of the receiver 21. Thereby, it is possible to arbitrarily change the second polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 extracted by the polarization plate (analyzer) 22. The specific configuration of the rotation mechanism is not limited and may be arbitrarily designed.

  In the present embodiment, the change unit is realized by the rotation mechanism 20 of the transmission unit 13 and the rotation mechanism 23 of the reception unit 14. As in the present embodiment, both the rotation mechanism 20 of the transmission unit 13 and the rotation mechanism 23 of the reception unit 14 may be rotatable, or only one of them may be rotatable. That is, both of the first and second polarization directions may be changeable, or either one may be changeable.

  In the present embodiment, the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (polarizer) (the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are substantially orthogonal to each other). The rotation angle of the analyzer 22 is controlled. That is, the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are set to have a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the reflected wave E3 reflected by the first surface 12a and the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 is restricted by the polarization plate (analyzer) 22. That is, the reflected wave E3 can not pass through the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 and is not detected by the receiver 21. On the other hand, the scattered wave E2 reflected and scattered by the snow 3 has a disordered polarization state due to irregular reflection, and has a component of the second polarization direction substantially orthogonal to the first polarization direction. The component in the second polarization direction passes through the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 and is detected by the receiver 21 as a second electromagnetic wave E5.

  That is, in the present embodiment, in the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12, the reflected wave E3 reflected by the first surface 12a or the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 is cut. Is possible. Thereby, the state of the snow 3 deposited on the first surface 12 a of the transmission member 12 can be detected with high accuracy based on the second electromagnetic wave E5 which is a component of the scattered wave E2 in the second polarization direction. It becomes possible. The snow 3 corresponds to a deposit deposited on the first surface 12a.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the receiving unit 14 is installed toward the second surface 12 b of the transmitting member 12. Thereby, it is possible to detect with high accuracy the intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 traveling along the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21 from the second surface 12b.

  In the present embodiment, the receiving unit 14 functions as a detection unit. The receiver 21 corresponds to a sensor unit that detects the second electromagnetic wave E5, and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 corresponds to a second extraction unit. In the present embodiment, the receiver 21 also functions as an imaging unit for imaging the second electromagnetic wave E5. Of course, any device other than the imaging device may be used as a sensor unit that detects the second electromagnetic wave E5.

  The moving mechanism 15 can change the position of the transmission unit 13, the attitude of the transmission unit 13, the position of the reception unit 14, and the attitude of the reception unit 14. That is, the moving mechanism 15 can change the exit position where the first electromagnetic wave E1 is emitted, and the incident angle θ1 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 with respect to the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12. Further, the moving mechanism 15 can change the detection position of the receiver 21 and the angle θ2 of the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21 with respect to the second surface 12b.

  The moving mechanism 15 can also change the distance t between the transmitting unit 13 and the receiving unit 14. Of course, among the above-described plurality of parameters such as each position and angle, at least one or any plurality of parameters may be changeable.

  The changeable range of each parameter is not limited. For example, the incident angle θ1 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 with respect to the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12 is in the range of 0 ° to 90 ° toward the receiving unit 14 side, where the angle at which the first electromagnetic wave E1 is vertically incident is 0 °. Is set appropriately. The angle θ2 of the optical axis O2 of the receiver 21 with respect to the second surface 12b is 0 ° to 90 ° toward the transmission unit 13 with the angle perpendicular to the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 as 0 °. It is suitably set in the range of °. Of course, it is not necessarily limited to this.

  By making it possible to change the position of the transmitting unit 13, the attitude of the transmitting unit 13, the position of the receiving unit 14, and the attitude of the receiving unit 14 by the moving mechanism 15, it is possible to obtain measurement data with high accuracy. Become.

  In addition, the housing | casing part of the transmission unit 13 is fixed, and the position and attitude | position of the transmitter 18 or the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 may be changed. Similarly, the housing of the receiving unit 14 may be fixed, and the position and orientation of the receiver 21 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 may be changed. The polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 may be disposed inside the casing of the transmission unit 13 or the reception unit 14, or may be disposed outside.

  The specific configuration of the moving mechanism 15 is not limited, and can be realized by any actuator mechanism including, for example, a motor and a gear mechanism. Of course any other configuration may be employed. Of course, a configuration in which the position of the transmitting unit 13, the attitude of the transmitting unit 13, the position of the receiving unit 14, and the attitude of the receiving unit 14 may be manually changed may be employed. In the present embodiment, the moving mechanism 15 corresponds to a moving unit.

  The control block 16 includes a power supply unit (not shown), a control unit, a communication unit, and the like. The power supply unit supplies power to the transmission unit 13 and the reception unit 14. The specific configuration of the power supply unit is not limited.

  The control unit controls the operation of each of the transmission unit 13 and the reception unit 14, and emits the first electromagnetic wave E1 of the predetermined wavelength, detects the intensity of the two-dimensional distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 of the predetermined wavelength, the first And control of the second polarization direction. In the present embodiment, the control unit transmits measurement data including the intensity signal (measurement signal) obtained by the receiver 21 of the receiving unit 14 to the analyzer 30 shown in FIG. 1 via the communication unit.

  In the present embodiment, the control unit of the control block 16 functions as a detection unit. The measurement data generated by the control unit is included in the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave.

  The control unit has, for example, a hardware configuration necessary for a computer such as a CPU and a memory (RAM, ROM). As the control unit, for example, a device such as PLD (Programmable Logic Device) such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or other application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) may be used. As a communication unit, arbitrary configurations, such as arbitrary wireless modules, may be used, for example.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device 10 to the analysis device 30. As shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the two-dimensional intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic waves E5 of different wavelengths is transmitted as measurement data. Specifically, an image signal including intensity information (luminance information) of each pixel generated by the receiver 21 is transmitted as measurement data.

  In the present embodiment, the image signal generated by the receiver 21 corresponds to measurement image data obtained by irradiating the measurement wave toward the surface to be measured. Hereinafter, the image signal is referred to as measurement image data.

  FIGS. 3A to 3C are diagrams schematically showing measurement image data obtained when the first electromagnetic waves E1 having different wavelengths are irradiated in a state where snow 3 is deposited on the transmitting member 12. FIG.

  The first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted toward the transmitting member 12 is reflected and scattered by the snow 3 and emitted from the transmitting member 12 toward the receiving unit 14 as a scattered wave E2. An image signal of the second electromagnetic wave E5 which is a component of the second polarization direction of the scattered wave E2 is generated as measurement image data.

  For example, three types of images (image signals) illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C are generated by emitting the first electromagnetic waves E1 having different first to third wavelengths λ1 to λ3. These images are two-dimensional light scattering images of the second electromagnetic wave E5 obtained by emission of the first electromagnetic wave E1. That is, it is a two-dimensional light scattering image of each of the second electromagnetic waves E5 of the first to third wavelengths λ1 to λ3. These three types of two-dimensional light scattering images (image signals) are transmitted to the analysis device 30 as measurement image data.

  In the present embodiment, the three types of measurement image data are obtained by irradiating the plurality of first electromagnetic waves E1 having different wavelengths toward the surface to be measured, and a plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of first electromagnetic waves E1. It corresponds to data. Of course, the plurality of measurement data are not limited to three types of measurement image data, and two or more arbitrary numbers of measurement image data may be generated. Of course, only one type of measurement image data obtained by irradiation of the first electromagnetic wave E1 of one type of wavelength may be transmitted to the analysis device 30, and snow and ice information may be generated.

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the analysis device 30. As shown in FIG. The analysis device 30 has hardware necessary for the configuration of the computer, such as a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and an HDD. For example, a PC (Personal Computer) is used as the analysis device 30, but any other computer may be used.

  The CPU loads the program according to the present technology stored in the ROM or the HDD into the RAM and executes the program to obtain the measurement data acquisition unit 31, the snow and ice information generation unit 32, and the monitoring image generation unit which are functional blocks shown in FIG. 33 and an audio data generation unit 34 are realized. And the information processing method concerning this art is performed by these functional blocks. Dedicated hardware may be used as appropriate to realize each functional block. In the present embodiment, the analysis device 30 corresponds to an information processing device.

  The program is installed in the analysis device 30 via, for example, various recording media. Alternatively, the program may be installed via the Internet or the like.

[Snow and ice monitoring operation]
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the snow and ice monitoring operation. The “runway snow and ice monitoring device” in the figure corresponds to the monitoring device 10, and the “snow and ice condition analysis computer” corresponds to the analysis device 30. The "snow and ice condition and control pointer display" in the figure corresponds to the display 50 shown in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, measurement is first performed by the monitoring device 10 as Step 0. Specifically, measurement image data of snow 3 deposited on the first surface 12 a of the transmitting member 12 is generated. In this embodiment, three types of measurement image data obtained by emitting the first electromagnetic wave E1 of the first to third wavelengths λ1 to λ3 as illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C are generated, and an analyzer Sent to 30. The transmitted measurement image data is acquired by the measurement data acquisition unit 31 shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the measurement data acquisition unit 31 functions as an acquisition unit.

  Next, as step 1, snow and ice information on snow deposited on the first surface 12a of the transparent member 12 (snow deposited on the surface 2 of the runway 1) is generated by the analysis device 30 based on the features of the measurement image data Be done. As shown in FIG. 5, in the present embodiment, the type of snow 3 (snow quality) and the thickness of the snow 3 (snow thickness) are first calculated by the snow and ice information generation unit 32 shown in FIG.

  As the snow quality, for example, "frost (FROST)" "dry snow (DRY SNOW)" "slash (SLUSH)" "wet snow (WET SNOW)" "compressed snow" "ice (ICE)" " It includes arbitrary snow conditions such as new snow (FRESH) and "smooth snow (GRANULAR)". In addition, as snow and ice information regarding snow, information such as "DRY" which is a state without snow, or information such as "wet (DRY)" and "STANDING WATER" may be generated. These pieces of information may be treated in the same manner as the snow quality information.

  As snow thickness, for example, information in mm is generated. Of course, snow thickness information may be generated in units of arbitrary thickness such as 5 mm, 10 mm, 50 mm, and the like.

  A method of calculating the snow quality and the snow thickness will be described based on the characteristics of the image measurement data exemplified in FIGS. 3A to 3C.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of a snowfall radiative transfer model. The albedo (ratio of reflected light to incident light) varies with wavelength based on the snow transfer model (re = 50 μm in the figure corresponds to fresh snow, and 1000 μm corresponds to rough snow). As a result, the amount of light reflected / scattered largely changes with respect to snow quality and wavelength, and snow thickness and snow quality can be calculated from the relationship of reflection / scattering intensity to light wavelength.

  Therefore, snow (ice, water, etc. present on the transmitting member 12 is emitted by irradiating the first electromagnetic wave E1 of a plurality of different wavelengths and detecting the two-dimensional intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 for each wavelength. It is possible to separate and obtain the quality and thickness of 3) with high accuracy. As a result, it becomes possible to monitor the state regarding snow 3 in detail.

  For example, as the thickness of the snow 3 deposited on the transmission member 12 increases, the amount of the scattered wave E2 reflected and scattered by the snow 3 increases. Accordingly, the amount of the scattered wave E2 emitted from the transmitting member 12 toward the receiving unit 14 increases, and the amount of the second electromagnetic wave E5 which is a component of the second polarization direction also increases. Therefore, the maximum diameter (maximum diameter of the light receiving area) of the second electromagnetic wave E5 included in the measurement image data of the second electromagnetic wave E5 is increased. That is, since the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 changes according to the snow thickness, it is possible to monitor the snow thickness with high accuracy based on the feature of the measurement image data.

  It was also found that the amount of the scattered wave E2 reflected and scattered by the snow 3 changes in accordance with the change in the water content (water content) and particle size of the snow 3 deposited on the transmitting member 12. Therefore, it is possible to monitor not only the snow thickness but also the water content and particle size with high accuracy based on the characteristics of the measurement image data. Based on the water content and particle size, it is possible to identify snow quality such as the aforementioned "dry snow (DRY SNOW)".

  In this embodiment, an electromagnetic wave of a wavelength where the amount of light reflected / scattered largely changes according to a change of snow thickness, and an electromagnetic wave of a wavelength where an amount of light reflected / scattered largely changes according to a change of water content Three types of first electromagnetic waves E1 of an electromagnetic wave of a wavelength where the amount of light reflected and scattered largely changes according to a change in particle diameter are used as measurement waves.

  And, based on the characteristics of a plurality of measurement image data corresponding to these three types of first electromagnetic waves E1, that is, the three measurement image data illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C, snow thickness, water content, and particle size are high. It is possible to monitor with accuracy. In addition, in each pixel of the receiver 21, the threshold value regarding a luminance value may be set. An image signal may be generated with zero luminance for luminance values below the threshold. This makes it possible to improve the accuracy of monitoring based on the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5.

  In the present embodiment, the snow thickness, the water content, and the particle size correspond to a plurality of different types of deposit information corresponding to a plurality of measurement image data. The specific wavelength values for monitoring each of the snow thickness, the water content, and the particle diameter with high accuracy can be appropriately set by calibration or the like.

  Information calculated as snow and ice information is not limited to snow thickness, water content, and particle size, and other parameters such as density, temperature, uniformity of particles, etc. may be calculated. By appropriately setting the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1, it is possible to calculate an arbitrary parameter that changes the absorption characteristic or the scattering characteristic of the snow 3 based on the feature of the measurement image data.

  The features of the measurement image data include not only the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5, but also the position, area (area of the light receiving area), shape (flatness, roundness, etc.) of the second electromagnetic wave E5, within the light receiving area An optional feature regarding a two-dimensional distribution such as intensity (luminance) may be adopted, such as the intensity inclination (inclination of luminance), the intensity at the central portion of the light receiving region, the average of the intensity, and the like. This makes it possible to monitor snow thickness, water content, and particle size with high accuracy.

  In the present embodiment, the snow and ice information generation unit 32 generates snow and ice information according to a predetermined machine learning algorithm. For example, machine learning algorithms using DNN (Deep Neural Network) such as RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), MLP (Multilayer Perceptron), etc. Used. Besides, any machine learning algorithm that executes supervised learning method, unsupervised learning method, semi-supervised learning method, reinforcement learning method and the like may be used.

  For example, by constructing an AI (Artificial Intelligence) that performs deep learning (deep learning), it becomes possible to generate very accurate snow and ice information. Note that feature amounts defined by an operator or the like for performing learning by a machine learning algorithm, and feature amounts extracted by the algorithm are also included in the features of the measurement image data according to the present embodiment.

  Referring back to FIG. 5, in the present embodiment, linking the calculated snow quality and thickness with the runway status code is executed as Step 1. That is, a runway state code is generated as snow and ice information. The method of linking these pieces of information is not limited. For example, the snow quality and thickness necessary to derive the runway status code may be directly calculated, or the snow quality and thickness calculated in step 1 may be appropriately calculated to derive the runway status code. It may be converted. Of course, other parameters such as the outside temperature may be referred to as appropriate to derive the runway status code.

  Next, in step 2, the analysis device 30 determines the need for snow removal on the runway 1. Further, it is determined whether or not the runway 1 is to be taken off and land. These processes are typically performed based on the snow quality and thickness and the runway status code calculated in step 1.

  The processing of step 2 is also executed by the snow and ice information generation unit 32. That is, in the present embodiment, information indicating whether there is a need for a snow removal operation and whether takeoff and landing are possible is generated as snow and ice information on snow 3 deposited on the transparent member 12 (snow deposited on runway 1) 3 . Thus, information on the management guidelines, judgment information on operation, etc. may be generated as snow and ice information.

  Information indicating whether or not the snow removal work is necessary directly based on the measurement image data acquired in step 0, not the snow quality and snow thickness generated in step 1, but the runway status code, And information indicating whether take-off and landing are possible may be generated. Of course, a predetermined machine learning algorithm may be used.

  In step 3, the analysis device 30 generates output data including the snow and ice information generated in steps 1 and 2. In the present embodiment, the monitoring image generation unit 33 generates a monitoring image 60 including snow and ice information. Further, the audio data generation unit 34 generates audio data including snow and ice information. In the present embodiment, the monitoring image generation unit 33 and the audio data generation unit 34 function as an output unit.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing an example of the monitoring image 60. As shown in FIG. The monitoring image 60 includes a measurement image data display unit 61, a snow quality (type of snow) display unit 62, a snow thickness display unit 63, a runway status code display unit 64, a snow removal necessity display unit 65, takeoff and landing An availability display unit 66 is provided.

  The measurement image data display unit 61 displays the measurement image data transmitted from the monitoring device 10. In the present embodiment, three types of two-dimensional light scattering images exemplified in FIGS. 3A to 3C are displayed. The snow quality display unit 62 displays the snow quality calculated in step 1. The snow thickness display section 63 displays the snow thickness calculated in step 1. The runway status code display unit 64 displays the runway status code generated in step 1.

  In the snow removal necessity display section 65, the presence or absence of the necessity of the snow removal work generated as snow and ice information in step 2 is displayed. The takeoff / landing availability display unit 66 displays information indicating whether takeoff or landing, which is generated as snow and ice information in step 2, is possible.

  As step 4, the monitoring image 60 is output and displayed on the display 50a that can be viewed by the manager 5a of the airport (runway 1). Moreover, the monitoring image 60 is displayed on the display 50b which can view the pilot 5b of an aircraft. Of course, the monitoring image 60 may be displayed on the display 50c that can be viewed by the operation manager 5c on the ground.

  As a result, by confirming the monitoring image 60, the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the operation manager 5c on the ground can easily grasp the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1, and the management guidelines and the like are easily made. It is possible to decide on For example, the manager 5a can easily determine the necessity of snow removal, and can easily manage the runway 1 based on the runway status code. Further, the pilot 5b of the aircraft can easily determine whether or not the runway 1 can be taken off and land without directly confirming the surface 2 of the runway 1. Of course, it becomes possible to perform operations etc. based on the runway status code. In addition, the operation manager 5c on the ground can easily determine whether or not to take off and land on the runway 1, and, for example, it is possible to comprehensively determine an appropriate response together with the result of direct confirmation on the site. It becomes possible.

  In step 4, audio data including snow and ice information may be generated. A voice including snow and ice information is output through a speaker in a control room or the like on the ground, such as a control room or the like. As a result, the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the operation manager 5c on the ground can select an appropriate response according to the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1.

  The configuration of the monitoring image 60 is not limited, and an arbitrary image (GUI) may be generated and displayed. Also, the snow and ice information included in the monitoring image 60 is not limited, and arbitrary snow and ice information may be displayed.

  For example, the present invention is not limited to the case where the same monitoring image 60 is generated, and a monitoring image for management to be provided to the administrator 5a, a monitoring image for pilot to be provided to the pilot 5b, and a ground operation manager 5c. The operation manager monitoring images to be provided to each may be separately configured. Of course, the monitoring image 60 may be freely customizable by the manager 5a, the pilot 5b, and the operation manager 5c on the ground. That is, snow and ice information to be confirmed may be appropriately selected.

  Further, the contents (letters, symbols, images) of the snow ice information to be displayed, its arrangement, size, color arrangement, etc. may be manually or automatically changeable according to the environment or situation. With regard to the audio data, the audio content may be changed as appropriate based on the environment, the situation, the generated snow and ice information and the like. For example, a warning or information to be transmitted may be appropriately determined, and audio data to be output may be appropriately generated.

  In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a plurality of monitoring devices 10 are often installed at a plurality of locations of the runway 1. In such a case, for example, for each monitoring device 10, a monitoring image 60 illustrated in FIG. 7 may be generated. This makes it possible to grasp the surface condition at each point of the runway 1.

  Also, snow and ice information generated based on measurement data measured by each monitoring device 10 may be integrated, and a monitoring image 60 including the integrated snow and ice information may be generated. For example, the surface condition (snow and ice information) at each point may be integrated to generate and display snow quality, snow thickness, runway condition code, necessity of snow removal, and availability of takeoff and landing. Thereby, it is possible to grasp the entire state of the runway 1.

  The method of integrating a plurality of pieces of snow and ice information is not limited, and information obtained by averaging snow quality and thickness of each point is displayed. Alternatively, weighting may be performed depending on the point at which the monitoring device 10 is installed. For example, the measurement data of the monitoring device 10 installed at the center of the runway 1 and the snow and ice information generated therefrom are weighted heavily. On the other hand, the measurement data etc. of the monitoring device 10 installed at the position of the end of the runway 1 has a small weighting. Such processing is also possible.

  In addition, snow and ice information may be generated and displayed for each area of runway 1. When one monitoring device 10 is installed in each area, snow ice information is generated based on the measurement data transmitted from the monitoring device 10 and displayed in the monitoring image 60. When a plurality of monitoring devices 10 are installed in each area, for example, measurement data and snow and ice information are integrated and displayed in the monitoring image 60.

  Alternatively, among the snow and ice information generated at each point, the information with the worst state may be selected and displayed in the monitoring image 60. For example, it is assumed that snow ice information is generated for one point that snow removal is necessary and take-off and landing are impossible. In this case, even if snow and ice information indicating that there is no need for snow removal and take-off and landing is generated for multiple other points, snow and ice information indicating that take-off and landing is not possible is displayed. Be done. Such processing is also possible.

[Prediction of measurement data and snow and ice information]
In the present embodiment, prediction information for predicting the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1, which is the surface to be measured, based on at least one of measurement data (measurement image data) acquired from the monitoring device 10 and generated snow and ice information It is possible to generate. For example, it is possible to generate prediction information for predicting how snow quality, snow thickness, runway status code, necessity of snow removal work, and whether or not takeoff and landing are transitioning in the future.

  The prediction information is generated based on, for example, measurement data stored in the database 40 shown in FIG. 1, historical information such as snow and ice information, and the like, a predetermined prediction model, prediction data, and the like. For example, it is possible to generate prediction information including snow quality and thickness such as after 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, etc. based on weather information etc. acquired via a weather radar etc. installed at an airport It is. Of course, any machine learning algorithm may be used to generate prediction information. By generating prediction information, it is possible to accurately determine airport management guidelines, operation plans and the like.

  Predicted measurement data on the surface 2 of the runway 1, which is the surface to be measured, may be generated based on the characteristics of the measurement data acquired from the monitoring device 10. For example, predicted measurement data is generated to predict how the two-dimensional light scattering image changes as illustrated in FIGS. 3A-C. And prediction information may be generated based on this prediction measurement data.

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of snow and the maximum diameter of the light receiving area in the measurement image data. The inventor conducted an experiment to detect the difference in the amount of snowfall (snow thickness) by the maximum diameter of the light receiving area in the measurement image data.

  Specifically, in a laboratory adjusted to -20 ° C., a glass water tank constituting the casing 11 and the transmitting member 12 illustrated in FIG. 2 is prepared. A transmission unit 13 including a polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and a reception unit 14 including a polarization plate (analyzer) 22 are installed below the upper surface of the water tank as the transmission member 12.

  The transmitting unit 13 and the receiving unit 14 are installed on dedicated stages, and have mechanisms capable of manually changing the distance and angle of each. The polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 are arranged such that the polarization directions are substantially orthogonal. That is, each polarization plate is arranged such that a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship is realized.

  A laser light source is used as the transmitter 18, and the transmission unit 13 emits a first electromagnetic wave E1 in a linearly polarized state at an angle of 15 ° with respect to the vertical. The receiver 21 uses a CCD camera and is disposed so that it can receive the scattered wave E2 in the vertical direction and detect a two-dimensional intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 transmitted through the polarization plate (analyzer) 22. Do.

  Under the above conditions, the thickness of the snow placed in the water tank is changed from 5 mm to 40 mm, and the result of measuring the maximum diameter of the detected second electromagnetic wave E5 is as shown in FIG. 8A. It can be seen that the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 changes according to the thickness of the snow, and the thickness of the snow can be detected.

  FIG. 8B is a detection result when the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 of the transmission unit 13 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 of the reception unit 14 are removed. Here, the maximum diameter of all the electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic waves E4 including the scattered wave E2 and the reflected wave E3) emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12 is detected. It can be seen that the detection accuracy of the snow thickness is lower than when the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 are provided.

  As described above, in the snow and ice monitoring system 100 according to the present embodiment, the monitoring device 10 emits the linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1 to the second surface 12b of the transmitting member 12. Further, of the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b, the second electromagnetic wave E5 of linear polarization is detected. Then, the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are set to have a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship.

  Thus, it is possible to cut the reflected wave E3 reflected by the first surface 12a or the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 among the electromagnetic waves E4 emitted from the second surface 12b of the transmission member 12 As a result, it becomes possible to detect only the second electromagnetic wave E5 having the information of the snow 3 deposited on the first surface 12a of the transmission member 12. As a result, the state of the snow 3 can be detected with high accuracy based on the second electromagnetic wave E5, and the surface 2 of the runway 1, which is the surface to be measured, can be monitored with high accuracy.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, monitoring of snow 3 can be performed based on a plurality of measurement image data obtained by emitting a plurality of first electromagnetic waves E1 having different wavelengths. This can further improve the monitoring accuracy. For example, it is possible not only to determine the presence or absence of the snow 3 present in the transmitting member 12 but also to extract information on the shape, distribution, size, amount and the like of the snow 3 with high accuracy. Also, the depth (thickness) and quality of the snow 3 can be separated and determined with higher accuracy.

  As shown in FIG. 8B, when the specular reflection (specular reflection) component reflected by the transmitting member 12 can not be cut, the monitoring accuracy of the snow 3 is lowered. It is also conceivable to avoid the specular reflection component from the transmitting member 12 by appropriately designing the positions and attitudes of the transmitting unit 13 and the receiving unit 14. However, in this case, the installation design of the transmission unit 13 and the reception unit 14 is very limited, making it difficult to miniaturize the device.

  In this embodiment, by providing the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22, it is possible to cut off the specular reflection (specular reflection) component reflected by the transmission member 12. Therefore, the degree of freedom in the arrangement of the transmission unit 13 and the reception unit 14 can be improved, and the device can be miniaturized. This makes it possible to improve the degree of freedom in selecting the installation place of the device, and also facilitates embedding the device in a necessary place such as a road surface or the inside of a structure. Furthermore, it is possible to improve the freedom of selection of the shape and material of the transmission member 12.

  For example, the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are changed while maintaining the substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship. That is, the polarization plate (polarizer) 19 and the polarization plate (analyzer) 22 are respectively rotated while maintaining the substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship. It is also possible to monitor the state of the snow 3 with high accuracy based on the detection result (measurement data) of the second electromagnetic wave E5 obtained at that time.

  The present technology is not limited to the case where the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 are set to have a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship. By setting the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction to cross each other, it is possible to suppress the specular reflection component from the transmitting member 12 and improve the monitoring accuracy. is there. The crossing angles of the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction may be appropriately set so that the desired monitoring accuracy is exhibited.

  Moreover, in the monitoring apparatus 10 which concerns on this embodiment, it is possible to change the position and attitude | position of the transmission unit 13 suitably. As a result, it becomes possible to optimally irradiate the first electromagnetic wave E1 of linear polarization according to the installation environment and the state of snow 3 or the like. As a result, highly accurate measurement resolution can be obtained, and it becomes possible to monitor the state regarding the depth and quality of the detailed snow 3 with high accuracy.

  Further, the position and attitude of the receiving unit 14 can be changed as appropriate. Thereby, it is possible to optimally detect the one-dimensional or two-dimensional intensity distribution of the second electromagnetic wave E5 in accordance with the installation environment or the state of the snow 3 or the like. As a result, highly accurate measurement resolution can be obtained, and it becomes possible to monitor the state regarding the depth and quality of the detailed snow 3 with high accuracy.

  In the snow and ice monitoring system 100 according to the present embodiment, the snow and ice information is generated based on the feature of the measurement data of the surface 2 of the runway 1 which is the surface to be measured. Thereby, it becomes possible to monitor the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 with high precision, and to utilize the monitoring result effectively.

  For example, since it is possible to provide various analysis results such as snow quality, snow thickness, runway condition code, necessity of snow removal operation, and whether takeoff and landing are possible as monitoring results, the surface 2 of runway 1 It becomes possible to grasp the state of the very accurately.

  Also, by displaying the state of snow on the surface 2 of the runway 1, availability of takeoff and landing, necessity of snow removal, etc. in real time to the airport manager 5a, pilot 5b, ground operation manager 5c, etc. via the monitoring image 60. Since it is possible to prevent an overrun accident due to snow, a delay in operation, and a cancellation, it is possible to improve the operation safety and the operation efficiency. Further, by displaying the prediction of the runway surface condition, it is possible to further enhance the efficiency of the air navigation.

  Further, in the present embodiment, since the monitoring device 10 is embedded inside the runway 1, it is possible to avoid an obstacle to the aircraft. In addition, it is possible to monitor the state of detailed snow depth and quality of the entire runway while eliminating the influence on the accuracy of monitoring by the external natural environment and preventing damage etc. from foreign objects from the outside. Become

Second Embodiment
A snow and ice monitoring system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, the description will be omitted or simplified for portions similar to the configuration and operation in the snow and ice monitoring system 100 described in the above embodiment.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a configuration example of a monitoring device 210 according to the present embodiment. The monitoring device 210 includes a housing portion 211, a transmission member 212, a transmission unit 213, a reception unit 214, a holding mechanism 271, a half mirror 272, and a control block 216.

  The holding mechanism 271 holds the transmission unit 213, the half mirror 272, and the reception unit 214 at predetermined positions and postures in the internal space S of the housing unit 211.

  As shown in FIG. 9, in the present embodiment, the transmission unit 213 is held below the second surface 212 b of the transmission member 212 so as to be substantially parallel to the surface direction of the second surface 212 b. Therefore, from the transmitter 218 of the transmission unit 213, an electromagnetic wave to be a measurement wave is emitted along a direction substantially parallel to the surface direction of the second surface 212b. Then, the first electromagnetic wave E1 of linear polarization is emitted from the polarization plate (polarizer) 219 along the same direction.

  The half mirror 272 is held on the emission optical axis O3 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted from the transmission unit 213. The half mirror 272 is obliquely disposed so as to be able to reflect a part of the first electromagnetic wave E1 upward at an angle of about 45 ° with respect to the emission optical axis O2 of the first electromagnetic wave E1. Therefore, the first electromagnetic wave E1 reflected upward by the half mirror 272 is incident on the second surface 212b along a direction substantially perpendicular to the second surface 212b. As a result, the incident optical axis O4 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 with respect to the second surface 212b extends along a direction substantially perpendicular to the second surface 212b.

  The receiving unit 214 is held so as to face the second surface 212 b with the half mirror 272 interposed therebetween. Further, the receiving unit 214 is disposed such that the optical axis O2 of the receiver 221 is substantially coaxial with the incident optical axis O4 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 reflected by the half mirror 272. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the electromagnetic wave E4 (scattered wave E2 and reflected wave E3) emitted from the second surface 212b of the transmitting member 212 travels along the optical axis O2 and enters the half mirror 272. A part of the electromagnetic wave E4 transmitted through the half mirror 272 enters the polarization plate (analyzer) 222, and the second electromagnetic wave E5 of linearly polarized wave enters the receiver 221.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the incident optical axis O4 of the first electromagnetic wave E1 to the second surface 212b of the transmission member 212 and the optical axis O2 of the receiver 221 of the receiving unit 214 are coaxial with each other. The configuration is realized. This makes it possible to miniaturize the apparatus and to improve the freedom of selection of the installation place of the apparatus. In addition, it becomes easy to embed the device in a necessary place such as a road surface or the inside of a structure.

  In the present embodiment, the holding mechanism 271 and the half mirror 272 realize a coaxial mechanism. The configuration of the coaxial mechanism is not limited, and other types of beam splitters, other optical members, and the like may be used. Also, the transmitting unit 213 and the receiving unit 214 shown in FIG. 9 may be arranged in mutually opposite positions. Further, the holding mechanism 271 may be configured to be able to change the position and orientation of the transmitting unit 213 and the position and orientation of the receiving unit 214 in a range where the coaxial configuration is realized.

Third Embodiment
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of an analysis device 330 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The analysis device 330 includes a measurement wavelength determination unit 335 and an external control unit 336 as functional blocks.

  The measurement wavelength determination unit 335 determines the characteristics of the measurement wave emitted from the transmitter 18 of the monitoring device 10 based on at least one of the measurement data (measurement image data) acquired from the monitoring device 10 and the generated snow and ice information. It is possible to make a decision. In the present embodiment, the measurement wavelength determination unit 335 corresponds to a setting unit.

  For example, when the transmitter 18 can emit the first electromagnetic waves E1 of a plurality of wavelengths, the wavelength used for measurement is selected from the plurality of wavelengths. As described above, when the first electromagnetic wave E1 of the first to third wavelengths λ1 to λ3 having different absorption, scattering, and reflection characteristics is emitted, the first wavelength λ1, the second wavelength λ2, and the first wavelength Each of the three wavelengths λ3 can be appropriately selected and determined from a plurality of wavelengths.

  Alternatively, in the case where the transmitter 18 can continuously change the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 within the predetermined wavelength range, the first wavelength λ1, the second wavelength λ2, and the third wavelength Each of the wavelengths λ3 of

  In addition, a wavelength necessary for measurement may be selected from the first wavelength λ1, the second wavelength λ2, and the third wavelength λ3 in accordance with the measured snow quality and thickness. For example, the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is appropriately selected from the first wavelength λ1, the second wavelength λ2, and the third wavelength λ3 so that desired snow and ice information can be obtained according to the state of the snow 3 It is selected. Such processing is also possible.

  In addition, the characteristics of the measurement wave emitted from the transmitter 18, such as the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1, can be set by the operation of the administrator 5a or a specialized operator, etc., which is input via a predetermined computer such as a PC It may be That is, the characteristics of the measurement wave may be changeable manually.

  A specific example of setting of the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 will be described. For example, it is possible to set the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 based on snowfall prediction. For example, when information indicating that the snowfall amount is increased is generated as the prediction information, a wavelength suitable for snow thickness observation is selected in advance (a visible wavelength more likely to flow in the snow layer, etc.). For example, in the case where prediction information indicating that it will rain several minutes after snow accumulation is generated, a wavelength suitable for measuring the water content (water content ratio) is selected in advance.

  In addition, it is possible to set the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 based on the result of the snow thickness. For example, when snow thickness is first measured at a certain wavelength, it is determined that only thin snow thickness is accumulated. In this case, since it is necessary to measure the snow quality of the surface layer rather than the thickness of the snow, it shifts to the measurement by the wavelength such as near infrared which is effective for the particle size determination. When it is judged that the snow thickness is thick to some extent, emphasis is placed on snow thickness measurement by selecting a visible wavelength or the like that can penetrate the snow layer rather than the near infrared wavelength.

  Further, it is possible to set the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 based on the result of the water content. For example, when the moisture content is first measured at a certain wavelength, it is assumed that the moisture content is determined to be high to some extent. In this case, since an error may occur due to the moisture content in optical observation of the snow quality, a wavelength effective for moisture content measurement and a wavelength effective for snow quality measurement are simultaneously selected to compensate for the error. If it is determined that the moisture content is at a level not affected by the error, only the wavelength effective for snow quality observation is selected and the snow quality is mainly measured.

  It is also possible to determine the reliability of the generated snow and ice information, and to change the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1 when the reliability is lower than a predetermined threshold.

  As described above, by making it possible to set the characteristic of the measurement wave, it is possible to monitor the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 with high accuracy and to effectively use the monitoring result. The characteristic of the measurement wave is not limited to the wavelength of the first electromagnetic wave E1, and any characteristic such as the intensity, polarization state, and pulse interval of the first electromagnetic wave E1 may be determined. Also, any machine learning algorithm may be used to set the characteristics of the measurement wave.

  The intensity of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the gain of the receiver 21 may be manually or automatically selectable based on measurement data, snow and ice information, and the like. For example, when the range over (saturation) portion exists in the measurement data, the intensity (brightness) of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is lowered and the gain of the receiver 21 is decreased. If the entire measurement data is smaller than a predetermined threshold, the intensity (brightness) of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is increased and the gain of the receiver 21 is decreased. As described above, by appropriately changing the strength and the gain from the tendency of the measurement data, the optimum measurement can be performed.

  The intensity of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the gain of the receiver 21 may be changed based on external weather information and the like. For example, if the external environment light is strong and the value of the measurement data is large, the intensity (brightness) of the first electromagnetic wave E1 is increased and the gain of the receiver 21 is decreased to make the S / N ratio of the data. Improve. Such processing is also possible.

  The external control unit 336 generates control information for controlling an external device based on at least one of the measurement data (measurement image data) acquired from the monitoring device 10 and the generated snow and ice information. For example, the external control unit 336 can transmit a signal for controlling an external device according to the measurement data and the snow and ice information processed by the environment, the condition and analysis device 230.

  As a result, for example, it becomes possible to quickly execute in real time, for example, the start of an alarm to draw attention due to snowfall, the lighting of a lamp notifying of the need for snow removal, etc., and the next action can be appropriately activated. It becomes possible. In the present embodiment, the external control unit 336 corresponds to a control information generation unit.

<Other Embodiments>
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various other embodiments can be realized.

  The other example of the identification method of the deposit based on the measurement data obtained by irradiating 1st electromagnetic waves E1 of linear polarization is demonstrated.

  The linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1 emitted toward the deposit is reflected and scattered by the deposit, and the polarization state changes. Based on the change in polarization state, it is possible to identify the type of deposit and the like. That is, it is possible to generate deposit information on deposits based on the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmitting member.

For example, considering the scattering characteristics of snow, ice, and water, it was found that multiple scattering occurs in the order of snow>ice> water. That is, snow is the largest and causes multiple scattering, and water causes the least scattering. Based on this consideration, it is possible to determine the state of each of snow, ice, and water based on the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmission member. Specifically, it is as follows.
The polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is large → the multiorder scattering is small → the state of water The polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is medium → the multiorder scattering is medium → the state of the ice The amount of polarization component, which is the basis of discrimination, can be set in advance by calibration or the like.

Also, considering the particle uniformity of the deposit, the higher the particle uniformity, the stronger the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4. It is therefore possible to determine the uniformity of the particles of the deposit on the basis of the proportion of polarization components. Specifically, it is as follows.
The polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is large → the polarization component is strong → the particle uniformity is high The polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is medium → the polarization component is medium → the particle uniformity is medium polarization of the electromagnetic wave E4 The component is small → the polarization component is weak → the uniformity of the particles is low. The amount of the polarization component to be the reference of discrimination can be set in advance by calibration or the like.

  As a method of detecting the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmitting member, for example, a method using a polarization plate (analyzer) as described above can be mentioned. That is, it is possible to detect the proportion of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 based on the proportion of the second electromagnetic wave E5 of the linear polarization extracted by the polarization plate (analyzer).

  For example, when the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 of the measurement image data generated by the receiver is large, it is determined that the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is large. If the maximum diameter of the second electromagnetic wave E5 is small, it is determined that the proportion of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 is small. The ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 may be detected based on the intensity of the second electromagnetic wave E5. For example, the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 may be calculated based on the average brightness or the like of the second electromagnetic wave E5 of the measurement image data.

  The direction in which the second radio wave direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 is to be set is not limited. That is, it is possible to detect the ratio of the polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 without limiting the rotation angle of the polarization plate (analyzer). Of course, as described above, by setting the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 to have a substantially orthogonal Nicol relationship, the transmission member It becomes possible to cut off the specular reflection component to be reflected, and it becomes possible to improve the detection accuracy.

  The second electromagnetic wave E5 of linear polarization and the third electromagnetic wave of linear polarization which is a polarization component different from the second electromagnetic wave E5 may be extracted from the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmitting member. And deposit information may be generated based on the 2nd electromagnetic wave E5 and the 3rd electromagnetic wave.

  The electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmitting member may include ambient light (electromagnetic wave) of the space on the side where the deposit is deposited. Since ambient light is non-polarized, the amount of ambient light components contained in the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the amount of ambient light components contained in the third electromagnetic wave are approximately equal to each other. On the other hand, since the scattered wave E2 reflected and scattered by the deposit among the electromagnetic wave E4 is an electromagnetic wave in which the first electromagnetic wave E1 of linear polarization is reflected and scattered, the polarization component has a bias. Therefore, the amount of the component of the scattered wave E2 included in the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the amount of the component of the scattered wave E2 included in the third electromagnetic wave are different from each other. Therefore, by taking the difference between the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave, it becomes possible to obtain measurement data in which the component of the environmental light is canceled, and it becomes possible to identify the state of the deposit with high accuracy. .

  The method of extracting the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave having mutually different polarization directions is not limited. For example, by rotating a polarization plate (analyzer), electromagnetic waves of two types of linearly polarized waves are extracted. It is possible. Alternatively, polarization plates (analyzers) whose rotational positions are different from each other may be alternately arranged on the optical axis of the receiver. Furthermore, a plurality of receivers may be installed in which polarization plates (analyzers) whose rotational positions are different from each other are installed.

  Alternatively, it is also possible to extract both the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave having different polarization directions by using a polarization beam splitter or the like that divides the electromagnetic wave according to the polarization state. By arranging the sensor unit on the optical axis of the extracted second electromagnetic wave E5 and on the optical path of the third electromagnetic wave, it is possible to detect both the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave. is there.

  The number of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves having different polarization directions and extracted from the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmitting member is not limited, and three or more linearly polarized electromagnetic waves are extracted and used as measurement data. It is also good. For example, the polarization plate (analyzer) may be sequentially rotated at a predetermined angle, and an electromagnetic wave measured at each rotational position may be used. By using the plurality of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, for example, it is also possible to extract the component of ambient light as a noise component. Of course, it is also possible to extract three or more linearly polarized electromagnetic waves using an optical element such as a polarization beam splitter.

  When the identification method exemplified above is executed, a predetermined machine learning algorithm may be used.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a configuration example of a monitoring device according to another embodiment. The monitoring device 410 includes a housing 411, a transmitting member 412, a transmitting unit 413, a plurality of receiving units 414, and a control block 416.

  The plurality of receiving units 414 are arranged in five rows from the transmitting unit 413 side. By installing a plurality of receiving units 414 in this manner, it becomes possible to measure snow quality and thickness for a wide range of snow 3 and monitor the state of the surface 2 of the runway 1 with high accuracy. It becomes possible. Further, by making the rotational positions of the polarization plates (analyzers) included in the respective receiving units 414 different, it is possible to extract electromagnetic waves having different polarization directions.

  The configurations of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are not limited, and may be arbitrarily configured. For example, in the above, a polarization plate (polarizer) is used as a first extraction unit in order to emit a linearly polarized first electromagnetic wave E1. The invention is not limited thereto, and a laser light source capable of emitting a linearly polarized laser beam may be used as the first electromagnetic wave E1. That is, it is possible to omit the first extraction unit. Thereby, it is possible to easily generate the first electromagnetic wave E1. For example, by rotating the laser light source, it is possible to arbitrarily control the first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1.

  In addition, an optical element (liquid crystal polarizer) or the like such as a liquid crystal variable wavelength plate may be installed in the transmission unit and the reception unit. The first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave E1 and the second polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave E5 may be electrically controlled. In addition, an optical element using a ferroelectric having transparency such as PLZT may be used.

  Circular polarization or elliptical polarization may be emitted as the first electromagnetic wave E1 in a predetermined polarization state. Then, based on the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmitting member, the state of the deposit may be detected. The method of emitting circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light is not limited, and any light source capable of emitting circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light may be used. Alternatively, an optical element such as a quarter wavelength plate capable of converting linear polarization into circular polarization may be used as appropriate.

  For example, the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 in the absence of deposits is measured in advance. Based on the difference between this polarization state and the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 measured at the time of monitoring of the sediment, it is possible to generate various sediment information including the state of the sediment and the like.

  The polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 can be measured, for example, based on a second electromagnetic wave of a predetermined polarization component of the electromagnetic wave E4 or a third electromagnetic wave that is a polarization component different from this. For example, it is possible to measure the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 based on the ratio of the second and third electromagnetic waves whose polarization directions are different from each other, which is obtained by rotating the polarization plate (analyzer). . Of course, the second and third electromagnetic waves may be extracted by the polarization beam splitter. The method of measuring the polarization state of the electromagnetic wave E4 is not limited, and a predetermined machine learning algorithm may be used.

  The second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave, which are predetermined polarization components of the electromagnetic wave E4 emitted from the transmitting member, are not limited to linear polarization, and may be circular polarization or elliptical polarization. The polarization states of the second electromagnetic wave E5 and the third electromagnetic wave may be different from each other.

  The first electromagnetic wave E1 having directivity may be emitted from the transmission unit. This makes it possible to suppress the influence of an electromagnetic wave reaching the receiving unit directly from the transmitting unit, and to monitor the state regarding the detailed depth and quality of the deposit with higher accuracy. As a radiation source of the electromagnetic wave which has directivity, the laser light source which can radiate | emit the laser beam which has directivity, the light source equipped with directivity filters, such as a parallelization lens, etc. are mentioned, for example. By installing a polarization plate (polarizer) or the like on the optical axis of such a light source, it becomes possible to emit the first electromagnetic wave E1 of linear polarization having directivity.

  The scope to which the technology can be applied is not limited to snow and ice monitoring of airport runways. It is applicable to monitoring the surface condition of other structures such as roads, bridges and buildings. Further, the present invention is not limited to take-off and landing of an aircraft, and may be applied to determination regarding the traveling of another moving object such as a vehicle. With regard to sediments, this technology can be applied to arbitrary sediments such as snow, ice, water, mud, volcanic ash, dust, etc. It is also applicable to the detection of these and analysis of adhesion patterns, etc. It is. That is, the present technology is applicable to various fields.

  For example, by installing a monitoring device on the road surface, it is possible to display the surface condition of snow, sand, etc. on the road surface to the road administrator and utilize it for road management. For example, it becomes possible to easily carry out judgment of necessity of blockade of a road, selection of a detour etc. Further, by displaying a monitoring image or the like on a display panel of a general automobile, it is possible to notify the driver of the condition of the road surface in real time through, for example, a network or the like, and prevent accidents and improve traffic efficiency. Further, not only real-time surface condition but also road surface condition prediction display combined with prediction model of future snowfall condition etc. can be applied, and traffic efficiency can be further improved.

  It is also possible to notify the necessity of cleaning the runway and the possibility of takeoff and landing based on the deposition amount of volcanic ash, predicted deposition amount, etc., as the surface condition of the airport runway. Of course, it is also possible to apply the present technology to airport taxiways.

  As the deposit information, information on the layer structure of the deposit may be generated. For example, changes in the quality of snow or volcanic ash in the thickness direction, the state of each layer to be stacked, or the like may be generated as deposit information.

  In the above, a plurality of measurement data corresponding to a plurality of electromagnetic waves are acquired by irradiating a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths toward the surface to be measured. The invention is not limited thereto, and a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelength bands or wavelength widths may be irradiated toward the surface to be measured, and a plurality of measurement data corresponding to the plurality of electromagnetic waves may be acquired. For example, a broad band laser beam, a narrow band laser beam or the like is irradiated as a plurality of measurement waves (electromagnetic waves E1), and a plurality of measurement data corresponding to these laser beams are generated. Then, a plurality of deposit information corresponding to a plurality of measurement data may be generated.

  Of course, deposit information is generated based on one type of measurement data obtained by irradiation with one type of electromagnetic wave, such as an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength (single wavelength), an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength band, an electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength width. It is also possible.

  The monitoring device may be configured to be portable. This makes it possible, for example, to carry and install the monitoring device on a snowy mountain or a land near a volcano. And based on the measurement data transmitted from a monitoring apparatus, it becomes possible to monitor the state of the desired surface with high precision. For example, information such as the possibility of occurrence of an avalanche or the possibility of an eruption can be generated as deposit information or its prediction information.

  In the above, as a monitoring apparatus, the apparatus which produces | generates measurement data by irradiating electromagnetic waves was mentioned. The present invention is not limited to this, and another sensor device or the like that can measure the outside air temperature or the like as measurement data may be used as the monitoring device. In this case, the temperature which is measurement data may be used as it is as snow and ice information.

  Further, as the monitoring device, a device that outputs text data as measurement data may be used. For example, a configuration may be employed in which text data is generated based on measurement data obtained by any measurement method, and the text data is output as measurement text data. In addition, arbitrary data may be output as measurement data. Similar to the plurality of measurement image data described above, a plurality of measurement text data may be output, and a plurality of deposit information corresponding to the plurality of measurement text data may be generated.

  In the above, an analysis device has been exemplified as an embodiment of the information processing device according to the present technology. The information processing method according to the present technology may be executed by a cloud server without being limited to this. Alternatively, the information processing method according to the present technology may be executed by interlocking a plurality of computers that can communicate with each other.

  The information processing method according to the present technology by the computer system and the execution of the program are both performed when processing such as generation of deposit information is executed by a single computer and when each processing is executed by a different computer. Including. Also, execution of each process by a predetermined computer includes performing a part or all of the process on another computer and acquiring the result.

  That is, the information processing method and program according to the present technology can be applied to the configuration of cloud computing in which one function is shared and processed by a plurality of devices via a network.

  Among the features according to the present invention described above, it is also possible to combine at least two features. That is, various features described in each embodiment may be arbitrarily combined without distinction of each embodiment. In addition, the various effects described above are merely examples and are not limited, and other effects may be exhibited.

E1 ... first electromagnetic wave E5 ... second electromagnetic wave O2 ... optical axis of receiver O4 ... incident optical axis 3 ... snow 10, 210, 410 ... monitoring device 12, 212, 412 ... transmission member 12a ... first surface 12b , 212b ... second surface 13, 213, 413 ... transmitting unit 14, 214, 414 ... receiving unit 15 ... moving mechanism 16, 216, 416 ... control block 18, 218 ... transmitter 19, 219 ... polarization plate (polarizer )
20, 23 ... rotation mechanism 21, 221 ... receiver 22, 222 ... polarization plate (analyzer)
30, 230, 330 ... analysis apparatus 100 ... snow and ice monitoring system 271 ... holding mechanism 272 ... half mirror

Claims (20)

A transmissive member having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;
An emitting unit for emitting a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined polarization state to the second surface of the transmission member;
A monitoring unit configured to detect a second electromagnetic wave of a predetermined polarization component among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface; The monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein
The first electromagnetic wave is a linear polarization having a first polarization direction,
The second electromagnetic wave is a linear polarization having a second polarization direction intersecting with the first polarization direction. A monitoring device. The monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein
The second electromagnetic wave has the second polarization direction substantially orthogonal to the first polarization direction. It is a monitoring apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 3, Comprising:
A monitoring device, wherein the emitting unit has an electromagnetic wave source, and a first extracting unit that extracts the first electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the electromagnetic wave source. It is a monitoring apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 3, Comprising:
The said emission part has a laser light source which radiate | emits a laser beam as said 1st electromagnetic wave. Monitoring apparatus. The monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein
The monitoring device includes a second extraction unit that extracts the second electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second surface, and a sensor unit that detects the extracted second electromagnetic wave. The monitoring device according to claim 6, wherein
The said sensor part is an imaging part which images the said 2nd extracted electromagnetic wave. Monitoring apparatus. The monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:
A monitoring apparatus comprising: a changing unit capable of changing at least one of a first polarization direction of the first electromagnetic wave and a second polarization direction of the second electromagnetic wave. A monitoring device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
The monitoring unit generates measurement data based on the detected second electromagnetic wave. The monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein
The monitoring unit emits at least one of a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength, a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength band, and a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined wavelength width. The monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein
The monitoring unit emits a plurality of first electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths, wavelength bands, or wavelength widths. A monitoring device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
The monitoring unit emits the first electromagnetic wave having directivity. 13. A monitoring device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising
A monitoring device comprising a moving unit capable of changing at least one of the position of the emitting unit, the attitude of the emitting unit, the position of the detecting unit, and the attitude of the detecting unit. 14. The monitoring device according to claim 13, wherein
The detection unit includes a sensor unit that detects the second electromagnetic wave,
The moving unit includes an emitting position of the first electromagnetic wave, an incident angle of the first electromagnetic wave with respect to the second surface, a detection position of the sensor unit, and an optical axis of the sensor unit with respect to the second surface. A monitoring device that is capable of changing at least one of the angles. The monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein
The detection unit includes a sensor unit that detects the second electromagnetic wave,
The monitoring device further includes a coaxial mechanism portion in which an incident optical axis of the first electromagnetic wave with respect to the second surface and an optical axis of the sensor portion are substantially coaxial with each other. The monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein
The first electromagnetic wave is circular polarization or elliptical polarization. Monitoring device. 17. A monitoring device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
The detection unit detects a third electromagnetic wave of a polarization component different from the second electromagnetic wave among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface. A monitoring device. A transmissive member having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;
An emitting unit for emitting a first electromagnetic wave of a predetermined polarization state to the second surface of the transmission member;
A monitoring unit configured to detect a second electromagnetic wave of a predetermined polarization component among the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second surface;
A computer that generates deposit information on deposits deposited on the first surface based on the detection result of the second electromagnetic wave detected by the monitoring device. The monitoring system according to claim 18, wherein
The deposit information is in accordance with the type, thickness, density, particle size, moisture content, temperature, deposition distribution, coefficient of friction, uniformity of particles, information indicative of slipperiness of the deposit, and predetermined criteria. Monitoring system that includes at least one of the evaluated values. The monitoring system according to claim 19, wherein
The evaluation value according to the predetermined standard includes a runway status code defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization. Monitoring system.