JP2019059005A - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine tool that can be made compact while preventing interference between a tool changer and a spindle head. A machine tool (1) sets a tool change position (K) at which a spindle head (6) moves during a tool change operation, at an end of each machine stroke range of the XYZ axes and at an end on the ATC device (40) side. Therefore, the ATC device 40 can perform the tool change of the spindle at a position outside the moving range of the spindle head 6. Since the machine tool 1 does not need a moving stroke range for tool exchange, the XYZ axes for moving the spindle head 6 can be set to an optimum length. Since the XYZ axes can be set to the optimum length, for example, the X-axis moving mechanism, the Y-axis moving mechanism, the Z-axis moving mechanism 103, the base 2 serving as a base thereof, and the protective covers 15 and 16 covering each moving mechanism are provided. Can also be optimized. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can be made compact while preventing interference between the ATC device 40 and the spindle head 6. [Selection diagram] FIG.

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool.

  At the time of tool change, the machine tool described in Patent Document 1 applies an external force to a spindle head using a lever of a tool changer to clamp / unclamp a tool holder on the spindle. The machine tool needs to arrange the tool changer so that the spindle head and the lever of the tool changer do not interfere within the movement range of the spindle head. Therefore, the machine tool can avoid interference between the spindle head and the lever of the tool changer by, for example, providing a machine movement stroke range for tool change not used during machining.

Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2006-106849

  If a machine movement stroke range for tool change not used at the time of machining is provided, the movement mechanism of the spindle head, the structure serving as the foundation thereof, the cover covering them, etc. become large. As a result, since the machine tool as a whole becomes large, the manufacturing cost of the machine tool is increased, and the installation area is also increased.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that can be made compact while preventing interference between the tool changer and the spindle head.

  The machine tool according to claim 1 is provided so as to be movable in three axial directions orthogonal to each other and the main shaft for detachably mounting a tool, and rotatably supports the main spindle in one axial direction of the three axial directions. A spindle head, a movable part provided on the spindle head for applying a clamping force to drive a clamp mechanism for clamping and unclamping the tool mounted on the spindle, and a proximity to a movement range of the spindle head And a tool changer for changing the tool of the spindle, and the tool changer, which is driven when the spindle head moves to the tool change position by the tool change to apply an external force to the movable portion In a machine tool provided with a lever, the tool change position is the tool change in the movement stroke range in each of the three movement axes in the three axial directions constituting the movement range. Disposed at the end portion on the side close to the location, the tool changer, at the inner movement range, characterized in that the said spindle head lever is disposed at a position not to interfere. During tool change, the spindle head moves to the tool change position. The tool change position is the end of the movement stroke range of each movement axis. Therefore, the tool changer can perform tool change of the spindle at a position outside the movement range of the spindle head. The machine tool can design the moving axis to an optimal length since the conventional moving stroke range for tool change is not required. The present invention allows the size of the machine tool to be compact since the moving axis can be made to an optimal length. Since the movement axis can be set to an optimal length, for example, guide mechanisms for guiding the spindle head in three axial directions, structures serving as a foundation for them, a cover covering them, and the like can also be optimized. The present invention can reduce the size of the machine tool, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the machine tool and reducing the installation area of the machine tool to an optimum size. The tool changer is disposed at a position where the spindle head and the lever do not interfere within the movement range of the spindle head. Therefore, the machine tool can prevent the spindle head from interfering with the lever of the tool changer when the spindle head moves in the movement range. At the time of tool change, the lever of the tool changer is driven to apply an external force to the movable portion of the spindle head, and the clamp mechanism is driven. Therefore, the machine tool can clamp and unclamp a tool at the time of tool change. "To detachably attach a tool" is equivalent to "to removably attach a tool holder" for supporting a tool. The “tool change position” is, for example, a coordinate position represented by machine coordinates within respective movement stroke ranges in different three axial directions, and means a coordinate position of a spindle head moving at the time of tool change.

  3. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the three axial directions are an X-axis direction which is a lateral direction, a Y-axis direction which is a longitudinal direction, and a Z-axis direction which is a vertical direction. A vertical machine tool extending in the Z-axis direction, wherein the movable portion is formed in a rod-like shape extending rearward from the spindle head in the Y-axis direction, and a rearward facing tip portion is pushed forward from the rear Drive the clamp mechanism, and the lever is positioned behind the movable portion when the spindle head moves to the tool replacement position, and is moved forward by moving the movable portion forwardly. It is good to push forward. Therefore, the vertical type machine tool can design the movement stroke range of each of X axis, Y axis, and Z axis which is a movement axis for moving the spindle head to an optimum length.

  The movable portion of the machine tool according to claim 3 drives the clamp mechanism by being pressed in a predetermined direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the main shaft, and the lever extends the main shaft From the basic posture extending parallel to the direction, one end in the length direction is rockingly driven around a rocking axis provided on the other end side, the lever being the basic posture The one end portion is disposed at a position at which a gap is opened in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction with respect to the movable portion when the spindle head is positioned at the tool replacement position, centering on the swing axis The movable portion may be pressed in the predetermined direction by swinging driving in the predetermined direction. When changing the tool, the lever in the basic position extends parallel to the direction in which the main shaft extends. Therefore, since the machine tool can arrange one end of the lever near the movable portion, the movable portion can be pressed quickly by swinging the lever in the predetermined direction. Therefore, the machine tool can shorten the tool change time.

  The inventions of claims 1-3 described above can be arbitrarily combined. For example, at least any one of the configurations of claim 2 and claim 3 may be provided without including all or part of claim 1. However, in particular, it is preferable that the configuration and the combination of at least one of the second and third aspects be provided. Optional components of claims 1-3 may be extracted and combined. The applicant has the intention to obtain patent rights for these configurations as well.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a machine tool 1; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the machine tool 1; FIG. 2 is a front view of the machine tool 1; FIG. 2 is a right side view of the machine tool 1; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I in FIG. The elements on larger scale in the W area shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. In the following description, left and right, front and back, up and down indicated by arrows in the drawings are used. The left-right direction, the front-rear direction, and the up-down direction of the machine tool 1 shown in FIG. 1 are the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction of the machine tool 1, respectively. The machine tool 1 is a vertical machine tool in which the main spindle 7 extends in the Z-axis direction. The machine tool 1 is a machine for processing a work material by rotating the main spindle 7 equipped with a tool and relatively moving the main spindle 7 and the rotary table 11 with the work material fixed on the upper surface in the XYZ axial directions. It is. The operation of the machine tool 1 is controlled by a numerical controller (not shown).

  The structure of the machine tool 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. The machine tool 1 includes a base 2, a column 5, a spindle head 6, a spindle 7, a table device 10, an ATC device 40, and the like.

  The base portion 2 is an iron member having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view extending in the Y-axis direction. The base 2 includes a pedestal 20 (see FIG. 4) on the upper surface rear side. The pedestal portion 20 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. The pedestal 20 includes an X-axis moving mechanism 101 on the top surface. The X-axis moving mechanism 101 supports the carrier 12 (see FIGS. 1 and 4) movably in the X-axis direction. The X-axis moving mechanism 101 includes a pair of X-axis rails (not shown) extending in the X-axis direction, an X-axis ball screw (not shown), an X-axis motor 21 and the like. The pair of X axis rails are provided on the upper surface of the pedestal portion 20. The X-axis ball screw extends in the X-axis direction and is provided between a pair of X-axis rails. The carrier 12 is movable along the X-axis rail. The carrier 12 is provided at its bottom with a nut (not shown). The nut is screwed into the X-axis ball screw. The X-axis motor 21 moves the carrier 12 together with the nut in the X-axis direction by rotating an X-axis ball screw.

  The carrier 12 is provided with a Y-axis moving mechanism (not shown) on the top surface. The Y-axis moving mechanism supports the column 5 movably in the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis moving mechanism includes a pair of Y-axis rails extending in the Y-axis direction, a Y-axis ball screw, a Y-axis motor, and the like. The Y-axis ball screw extends in the Y-axis direction and is provided between a pair of Y-axis rails. The column 5 is movable along a pair of Y-axis rails. The column 5 is provided at its lower part with a nut (not shown). The nut is screwed into the Y-axis ball screw. The Y-axis motor moves the column 5 together with the nut in the Y-axis direction by rotating a Y-axis ball screw. The column 5 is movable in the X-axis direction via the carrier 12. That is, the column 5 is movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the X-axis moving mechanism 101, the carrier 12, the Y-axis moving mechanism, and the like.

  The carrier 12 includes a protective cover 15 on the right side, a protective cover 16 on the left side, and a protective cover 17 on the rear. The protective cover 15 covers the X-axis moving mechanism 101 exposed from the right side of the carrier 12 to the right. The protective cover 16 covers the X-axis moving mechanism 101 exposed from the left side of the carrier 12 to the left. The protective cover 17 covers the Y-axis moving mechanism exposed from the rear of the carrier 12 to the rear. The protective covers 15 to 17 move following the movement of the carrier 12. The protective covers 15 to 17 prevent chips and cutting fluid from entering the X-axis moving mechanism 101 and the Y-axis moving mechanism. The carrier 12 is provided with a cover member 18 on the top surface where the Y-axis moving mechanism is exposed. The base end (rear end) of the cover member 18 is fixed to the front end of the lower portion of the column 5. The front end of the cover member 18 hangs down on the front side of the carrier 12. A roller (not shown) provided on the upper portion of the carrier 12 slidably supports the lower surface of the cover member 18 in the Y-axis direction. The cover member 18 moves in the Y axis direction together with the column 5. Therefore, the cover member 18 can always cover the Y-axis moving mechanism exposed in front of the column 5.

  The column 5 has a Z-axis moving mechanism 103 (see FIGS. 2, 3 and 5) on the front surface. The Z-axis moving mechanism 103 movably supports the spindle head 6 in the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis moving mechanism 103 includes a pair of Z-axis rails 35 and 35 extending in the Z-axis direction, a Z-axis ball screw 36 (see FIG. 5), a Z-axis motor 19 and the like. The Z-axis ball screw 36 extends in the Z-axis direction and is disposed between the Z-axis rails 35 and 35. The spindle head 6 is movable along the Z-axis rails 35, 35. The spindle head 6 has a nut 68 (see FIG. 5) on the back. The nut 68 is screwed into the Z-axis ball screw 36. The Z-axis motor 19 is supported at the top front of the column 5. The Z-axis motor 19 moves the spindle head 6 together with the nut 68 in the Z-axis direction by rotating the Z-axis ball screw 36. The column 5 has a Z-axis shutter 30 (see FIGS. 3 and 5) on the front surface. The Z-axis shutter 30 expands and contracts as the spindle head 6 moves up and down. The Z-axis shutter 30 prevents chips and cutting fluid from entering the Z-axis moving mechanism 103.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the spindle head 6 rotatably supports the spindle 7 therein. The main shaft 7 extends in the Z-axis direction. The spindle head 6 fixes the spindle motor 8 at the top. The main shaft 7 is coupled with a drive shaft 8 A extending downward of the main shaft motor 8 by a coupling 25. The main shaft 7 includes a tapered mounting hole (not shown), a holder holding portion (not shown), a drawbar 70 and the like. A taper mounting hole is provided at the lower end of the main shaft 7. The tapered mounting hole is located below the spindle head 6. The holder holding portion is provided in an axial hole (not shown) passing through the center of the main shaft 7 and above the taper mounting hole. The drawbar 70 is coaxially inserted into the axial hole of the main shaft 7. The drawbar 70 is always biased upward by a spring. The tool holder is mounted in the taper mounting hole of the spindle 7. The tool holder supports the tool. When the tool holder is mounted in the taper mounting hole, the holder clamping unit clamps the tool holder. When the drawbar 70 presses the holder holding portion downward, the holder holding portion releases the clamp of the tool holder.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the spindle head 6 is provided with a swing arm 60 at the rear upper portion inside. The swing arm 60 is substantially L-shaped and is swingable around a support shaft 61. The spindle 61 extends in the left and right direction inside the spindle head 6 and is fixed to the left and right side walls of the spindle head 6. The swing arm 60 includes a longitudinal arm portion 63 and a transverse arm portion 62. The vertical arm portion 63 extends obliquely upward from the support shaft 61 with respect to the column 5 side. The horizontal arm portion 62 extends substantially horizontally from the support shaft 61 forward of the column 5. The tip end portion 62A of the lateral arm portion 62 can be engaged from above with a pin 71 protruding perpendicularly to the upper end portion of the draw bar 70. When the swing arm 60 is viewed from the left side, a tension spring (not shown) always biases the swing arm 60 counterclockwise. Therefore, the swing arm 60 always releases the downward pressing of the pin 71 by the lateral arm portion 62.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the spindle head 6 is provided with a rod support 91 on the side of the ATC device 40 at the top. The rod support portion 91 supports the push rod 92 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction. The push rod 92 extends in the front-rear direction. The vertical arm portion 63 of the swing arm 60 includes an abutting portion 63A on the right side surface of the upper end portion (tip portion). The abutting portion 63A abuts on the front end portion of the push rod 92, and is always urged rearward by a tension spring. Therefore, the rear end of the push rod 92 always protrudes rearward from the rod support 91 by a predetermined distance. As described later, when the rear end of the push rod 92 is pressed forward, the tool holder can be removed from the tapered mounting hole of the main shaft 7.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the table device 10 is provided in front of the pedestal portion 20 on the upper surface of the base portion 2. The table apparatus 10 is provided with a rotary table 11 at the top. The rotary table 11 is provided so as to be capable of rotating at a high speed by 360 ° around a rotation axis parallel to the Z-axis direction by a table motor (not shown). The upper surface of the rotary table 11 is adjusted to be substantially rectangular in plan view and horizontally. The rotary table 11 is provided with pallets P1 and P2 at positions aligned in the longitudinal direction of the rotary table 11, sandwiching the rotation axis at the center on the upper surface. The material to be cut can be fixed to one or both of the pallets P1 and P2 using a jig (not shown) or the like. The table device 10 fixes the position of the rotary table 11 so that the longitudinal direction of the rotary table 11 is parallel to the Y-axis direction during processing of the work material. The table device 10 arranges one of the pallets P1 and P2 below the spindle head 6.

  For example, while processing a work material fixed to the pallet P1, the operator fixes an unprocessed work material to the pallet P2. After the processing of the work material fixed to the pallet P1 is completed, the table apparatus 10 rotates the rotary table 11 by 180 ° to switch the positions of the pallets P1 and P2. The machine tool 1 starts processing of the unprocessed work material fixed to the pallet P2, while the operator removes the processed work material fixed to the pallet P1 and another unprocessed work material Fix the Therefore, the machine tool 1 can perform continuous processing of a plurality of workpieces using the rotary table 11.

  The ATC device 40 is supported on the right side of the spindle head 6 by a pair of columns 31 and 32 provided on the upper surface of the base 2 upper surface. The columns 31 and 32 are separated from each other in the front-rear direction, and extend upward from the upper surface of the base 2. The ATC device 40 receives a control signal from the numerical control device, and replaces and replaces the tool mounted in the tapered mounting hole of the spindle 7 with another tool designated by the NC program. The ATC apparatus 40 includes a main body 401, a tool magazine 41, a magazine motor 42, a pivot 43, a tool change arm 44, a tool change motor 45, and the like.

  The main body portion 401 is a substantially rectangular metal box made of metal and supported by columns 31 and 32. The main body portion 401 internally includes a lever member 47, a lever drive mechanism (not shown), and the like. The lever member 47 is a rod-like member extending in parallel to the Z-axis direction. An upper end portion of the lever member 47 protrudes upward from an opening (not shown) provided on the upper surface of the main body portion 401. The lower end portion of the lever member 47 is pivotably supported around a pivot shaft 49. The swing shaft 49 extends in the left and right direction inside the main body portion 401 and is fixed to the left and right side walls of the main body portion 401. Therefore, the upper end portion of the lever member 47 is movable in the front-rear direction about the swing shaft 49. In the present embodiment, a posture in which the lever member 47 extends in parallel to the Z-axis direction is taken as a basic posture. The lever driving mechanism receives a control signal from the numerical control device, and swings and drives the lever member 47 forward from the basic posture state by a motor, an air cylinder or the like. The lever member 47 includes an abutting portion 48 on the left side surface of the upper end portion. The contact portion 48 has a substantially cylindrical shape protruding leftward. As will be described later, when the spindle head 6 is moved to the tool replacement position K (see FIGS. 2 and 3) in order to perform tool replacement, as shown in FIG. The rear end portion of the push rod 92 supported by the rod support portion 91 provided on the head 6 is positioned.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the tool magazine 41 is fixed to the right side surface of the main body 401 and has a substantially elliptical shape elongated in the side view Y-axis direction. The tool magazine 41 has a substantially oval shaped tool passage inside, and accommodates a plurality of tool pots 41A along the tool passage. The tool pot 41A detachably mounts a tool holder. The lower end of the tool magazine 41 is provided with a tool changer (not shown) that opens downward. The magazine motor 42 is supported on the upper front side of the tool magazine 41. The plurality of tool pots 41A move in the tool path by the drive of the magazine motor 42. When the numerical control device detects that the tool holder supporting the predetermined tool has been conveyed to the tool changer of the tool magazine 41, the drive of the magazine motor 42 is stopped and the predetermined tool is positioned in the tool changer.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the pivot shaft 43 is formed in a cylindrical shape projecting downward from the lower portion of the main body portion 401, and supported rotatably and vertically movably around an axis. The tool changer arm 44 extends perpendicularly to the lower end of the pivot 43 and horizontally. The tool change arm 44 is provided with grips 44A and 44A at both ends. The grippers 44A and 44A connect the tool replacement motor 45 via a motion transmission device (not shown) provided in the main body 401, for the pivot shaft 43 that detachably grips the tool holder. The tool replacement motor 45 is supported at a substantially central portion in the front-rear direction on the upper surface of the main body portion 401. The motion transmission device includes, for example, a first transmission mechanism and a second transmission mechanism. The first transmission mechanism transmits the rotational force of the tool change motor 45 to the pivot shaft 43. The second transmission mechanism converts the rotational force of the tool replacement motor 45 into linear motion force in the vertical direction, and transmits it to the pivot shaft 43. The numerical control device controls the gripping operation of the gripping portions 44A and 44A, the up-down operation and the pivoting operation of the tool replacement arm 44 while the tool replacement motor 45 or the drive shaft driven thereby rotates once.

  The tool change operation by the ATC device 40 will be described. For convenience of explanation, the present embodiment may sometimes call "tool holder" abbreviated as "tool". In response to the control signal from the numerical control device, the spindle head 6 moves to the tool change position K described later. The rear end portion of the push rod 92 provided on the spindle head 6 is spaced apart forwardly of the contact portion 48 of the lever member 47 provided on the ATC device 40. The lever drive mechanism swings and drives the lever member 47. The lever member 47 pivots forward, and the abutment portion 48 abuts on the rear end portion of the push rod 92 and presses it forward. The push rod 92 moves forward and biases the contact portion 63A of the vertical arm portion 63 of the swing arm 60 forward. Then, the swing arm 60 rotates clockwise about the support shaft 61 against the biasing force of the tension spring. The lateral arm portion 62 engages with the pin 71 from above and presses the draw bar 70 downward against the biasing force of a spring provided inside the main shaft 7. The drawbar 70 biases the holder holding portion downward. The holder clamping unit releases the clamp of the tool. The tool can be removed from the taper mounting hole of the spindle 7.

  Then, the tool change arm 44 of the ATC device 40 pivots about the pivot 43 while rising to the origin, and the tool located in the tool change portion of the tool magazine 41 and the tool attached to the taper mounting hole of the spindle 7 are It grasps with grasping section 44A and 44A. With the gripping portions 44A and 44A gripping the tool, the tool exchange arm 44 descends together with the pivot shaft 43, and removes the tool from the tool magazine 41 and the spindle 7. Thereafter, the tool changer arm 44 pivots 180 ° with the pivot shaft 43. The tool on the spindle 7 side and the tool on the tool magazine 41 are interchanged. The tool change arm 44 ascends with the pivot 43. The tools gripped by the gripping portions 44A and 44A are respectively mounted in the tool pot 41A of the tool magazine 41 and the taper mounting holes of the spindle 7.

  The lever drive mechanism pivots the contact portion 48 of the lever member 47 rearward to return to the basic posture. The contact portion 48 of the lever member 47 separates from the rear end of the push rod 92. Since the swing arm 60 is not pressed by the push rod 92, the swing arm 60 rotates counterclockwise around the support shaft 61 by the biasing force of the tension spring. The tip 62A of the lateral arm 62 moves upward and separates from the pin 71. The drawbar 70 provided inside the main shaft 7 moves upward by the biasing force of the spring. Therefore, since the holder holding portion also moves upward, the tool mounted in the taper mounting hole of the spindle 7 is clamped. When the tool changer arm 44 pivots by a predetermined angle with the pivot shaft 43, the grips 44A and 44A open the tool. Thus, the tool change operation ends.

  The positional relationship between the tool change position K of the spindle head 6 and the machine stroke range of each of the XYZ axes will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The coordinate position of the spindle head 6 in the present embodiment is the lower end portion of the spindle head 6 and is the coordinate position of the center of the lower end portion of the spindle 7. The machine tool 1 sets a machine stroke range on each of XYZ axes which are movement axes of the spindle head 6. The machine stroke range is a range in which the spindle head 6 can move at the time of machining a workpiece. The area surrounded by the machine stroke ranges of the XYZ axes is the movement range of the spindle head 6. The machine stroke range of the X axis is the X axis stroke range, the machine stroke range of the Y axis is the Y axis stroke range, and the machine stroke range of the Z axis is the Z axis stroke range.

  The machine tool 1 processes a work material to be fixed to the pallet (pallet P1 in FIG. 2) which is the spindle head 6 side among the pallets P1 and P2 of the rotary table 11. Therefore, the X-axis stroke range and the Y-axis stroke range may be set to be located on the upper surface of the pallet P1 on the spindle head 6 side of the rotary table 11. In this embodiment, for example, the coordinate position of the right end portion on the ATC device 40 side of the X axis stroke range is X0, and the coordinate position of the left end portion on the opposite side is Xmax. The coordinate position of the rear end portion on the side of the spindle head 6 in the Y-axis stroke range is Y0, and the coordinate position of the front end portion on the opposite side is Ymax.

  The Z-axis stroke range may be set in consideration of the height of the workpiece or jig fixed on the rotary table 11. The upper end of the Z-axis stroke range may be set, for example, at the position of the tool change arm 44 of the ATC device 40. The lower end portion of the Z-axis stroke range may be set above the upper surface of the rotary table 11. In this embodiment, for example, the coordinate position of the upper end of the Z-axis stroke range is Z0, and the coordinate position of the lower end on the rotary table 11 side is Zmax.

  In the machine tool 1 having each machine stroke range of the XYZ axes as described above, the coordinate position of the tool change position K is set to the end positioned on the ATC device 40 side among the ends of each machine stroke range of the XYZ axes. Do. That is, the tool change position K (x, y, z) = (X0, Y0, Z0) of this embodiment is set. When the spindle head 6 is moved to the tool replacement position K at the time of tool change, the rear end of the push rod 92 provided on the spindle head 6 is in front of the contact portion 48 of the lever member 47 provided on the ATC device 40. Located apart. Therefore, the lever member 47 and the push rod 92 do not interfere at the closest position to each other. The machine tool 1 can press the push rod 92 by swinging the lever member 47 in the basic posture forward, and can release the clamp of the tool attached to the main shaft 7. Since the lever member 47 and the push rod 92 do not interfere with each other at the tool change position K where the spindle head 6 is closest to the ATC device 40, the lever member 47 and the spindle member 6 move to any position within the movement range. Since the push rods 92 are always at a separated position, they do not interfere with each other.

  As described above, the machine tool 1 sets the tool change position K for moving the spindle head 6 at the time of tool change operation to the end of each machine stroke range of the XYZ axes at the end on the ATC device 40 side. . Therefore, the ATC device 40 can perform tool replacement of the spindle 7 at a position outside the movement range of the spindle head 6. Since the machine tool 1 does not need the moving stroke range for tool change, it is possible to make the XYZ axes for moving the spindle head 6 into an optimal length. Since the XYZ axes can be made an optimal length, for example, the X-axis moving mechanism 101, the Y-axis moving mechanism, the Z-axis moving mechanism 103, the base 2 serving as a base for these, protective covers 15 to 17 covering each moving mechanism, etc. Can also be of optimal size. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can be made compact while preventing interference between the ATC device 40 and the spindle head 6. Therefore, the installation area of the machine tool 1 can also be made an optimal size. In this embodiment, since various parts constituting the machine tool 1 can be appropriately sized, cost reduction of various parts can also be expected. Since the ATC device 40 is disposed at a position where the spindle head 6 and the lever member 47 do not interfere within the movement range of the spindle head 6, the machine tool 1 performs ATC when the spindle head 6 moves in the movement range. Interference of the spindle head 6 with the lever member 47 of the device 40 can be prevented. During tool change operation, when the lever member 47 of the ATC device 40 swings, an external force is applied to the push rod 92 of the spindle head 6, and the swing arm 60 swings. By swinging the swing arm 60, the draw bar 70 inside the main spindle 7 can be pushed down, and the clamp of the tool mounted in the taper mounting hole can be released.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the lever member 47 provided in the ATC device 40 has a posture extending in parallel to the Z-axis direction as a basic posture, and from the basic posture, the pivot member 49 provided on the lower end side is the center. It is driven to swing forward. The contact portion 48 provided at the upper end of the lever member 47, which is the basic posture, is a position at which a gap is formed rearward with respect to the rear end of the push rod 92 when the spindle head 6 is positioned at the tool replacement position K. Place on Therefore, when the lever member 47 pivots forward about the pivot shaft 49, the contact portion 48 of the lever member 47 can push the push rod 92 forward. As described above, at the time of tool change operation, the lever member 47 in the basic posture extends in parallel to the Z-axis direction, so the contact portion 48 of the lever member 47 is disposed near the rear end of the push rod 92 it can. Therefore, since the push rod 92 can be pressed quickly by swinging the lever member 47 forward, the tool replacement time can be shortened.

  In the above description, the holder holding portion, the drawbar 70, and the swing arm 60 are examples of the clamp mechanism of the present invention. The push rod 92 is an example of the movable part of the present invention. The lever member 47 is an example of the lever of the present invention. The rocking shaft 49 is an example of the rocking shaft of the present invention.

  It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment and various modifications can be made. The machine tool 1 of the above embodiment is a vertical machine tool in which the main axis extends in the Z-axis direction, but the present invention can also be applied to a horizontal machine tool in which the main axis extends in the horizontal direction.

  The table device 10 includes the rotary table 11, but may be a fixed table that does not rotate.

  The ATC device 40 is not limited to the one that performs tool replacement by the turning operation of the tool replacement arm 44 as in the above embodiment, but may be an ATC device that performs tool replacement by another method. The ATC device 40 is supported on the right side of the spindle head 6 but may be supported on the left side of the spindle head 6. In that case, the tool replacement position K may be set, for example, in a symmetrical position with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3.

  The push rod 92 of the above embodiment is separate from the swing arm 60, but may be manufactured integrally with the vertical arm portion 63 of the swing arm 60, for example.

  The shape of the lever member 47 does not have to be a bar extending upward as in the above embodiment. The lever member 47 is driven to swing forward about the swing shaft 49 provided on the lower end side, but the lever member 47 may be moved in parallel, for example, to push the push rod 92. .

Reference Signs List 1 machine tool 6 spindle head 7 spindle 40 ATC device 47 lever member 48 abutting portion 60 swing arm 70 draw bar 92 push rod

Claims (3)

A spindle for detachably mounting a tool,
A spindle head provided movably in three axial directions orthogonal to each other and rotatably supporting the spindle in one of the three axial directions;
A movable part provided on the spindle head and to which an external force is applied to drive a clamp mechanism for clamping and unclamping the tool mounted on the spindle;
A tool changer provided close to the movement range of the spindle head and performing tool exchange of the spindle;
A machine tool comprising: a lever provided in the tool changer and driven when the spindle head moves to the tool change position by the tool change to apply an external force to the movable portion;
The tool change position is disposed at an end on the side closer to the tool change device among movement stroke ranges in respective movement axes in the three axial directions constituting the movement range,
A machine tool characterized in that the tool changer is disposed at a position where the spindle head and the lever do not interfere within the movement range. The three axial directions are an X-axis direction which is a lateral direction, a Y-axis direction which is a longitudinal direction, and a Z-axis direction which is a vertical direction.
The machine tool is a vertical machine tool in which the spindle extends in the Z-axis direction.
The movable portion is formed in a rod-like shape extending rearward from the spindle head in the Y-axis direction, and drives the clamp mechanism by pressing a rearward-facing end portion forward from the rear side.
The lever is positioned behind the movable portion when the spindle head moves to the tool replacement position, and is driven to move forward to push the movable portion forward. The machine tool described in. The movable portion drives the clamp mechanism by being pressed in a predetermined direction orthogonal to the direction in which the main axis extends.
From the basic posture extending parallel to the direction in which the main shaft extends, one end of the lever in the longitudinal direction is pivotally driven about a swing axis provided on the other end side. ,
The one end portion of the lever, which is the basic posture, is disposed at a position where a gap is opened in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction with respect to the movable portion when the spindle head is positioned at the tool replacement position. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the movable portion is pressed in the predetermined direction by swinging driving in the predetermined direction side about the swing axis.

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