JP2019015604A - 測定装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
光源部には、水に大きく吸収される1.94μmの波長λ1、紙の原料の大部分であるセルロースに大きく吸収される2.1μmの波長λ2、水、セルロースのいずれにも吸収されない1.7μmの波長λ3のそれぞれの波長を放射する発光素子21a〜21cを配置した基板SBを設置する。基板SBとして、例えば、プリント基板、セラミックス基材が用いられる。内面反射鏡の入射端22aには、発光素子を極力接近させる。
内面反射鏡22は、角錐型の形状を有し、光源部から放射される赤外線を紙の方向に反射する。従って、光源部から放射された赤外線は紙Pを透過し、検出器33は紙を透過した赤外線を受光する。水分率を算出するために、検出器33は、次の波長λ1〜λ3を有する赤外線の吸光度を測定する。
保護窓31は、集光器32への紙Pその他の物体の付着を回避し、発光素子21a〜21cから出射される近赤外光を透過する物質からなる。かかる物質は、例えば、珪酸塩(ガラス)である。
図3に示す例では、集光器32は、表面から裏面まで通貫した開口部を有する複合放物面型集光器(CPC:Compound Parabolic Concentrator)である。開口部の内側面に形成された反射面32aの形状は、複合放物面である。反射面32aは、Z軸を回転軸として回転対称性を有する。反射面32aとZ軸を通る断面とが交差する曲線は、放物線となる。反射面32aと、その回転軸を通りX軸に平行な断面とが交差する放物線上のX座標とZ座標との関係は、式(1)で表される。
窓材34は、受光素子35の周囲を覆い、出射端32cから出射される近赤外光を透過する物質からなる。これにより、受光素子35に他の物体が接触することが回避される。
受光素子35は、出射端32cから出射され、窓材34を透過した近赤外光を受光する。受光素子35は、その表面(受光面)が光軸AXに垂直、かつその中心を光軸AXの延長線上とする位置に設置される。入射端32bの開口面積は、出射端32cの開口面積よりも大きいため、受光素子35に近赤外光が照射される照射面積よりも大きい。そのため、集光器32を介さずに受光される場合よりも、照射される近赤外光の強度が高くなる。受光素子35は、受光した光の強度に応じた電圧を発生し、発生した電圧を有する検出信号を取り出すためのリード線36が取り付けられている。取り出された電気信号の電流、電圧または抵抗変化により、その受光素子35に到来した光の強度が検出される。
検出回路は、受光素子35から入力された検出信号を増幅された後で近赤外光の波長成分毎に分離して、波長λ1、λ2、λ3の近赤外光に対応した測定信号S1、S2、S3を生成し、それぞれの強度を検出する。検出回路は、検出した測定信号S1、S2、S3の強度を演算処理部に通知する。発光素子21a〜21cはそれぞれ異なる周波数で変調した強度をもって点灯しているので、検出回路は、受光素子35で検出した信号の周波数で弁別して、それぞれの波長の信号成分を検出することができる。
上述したように、波長λ1の近赤外光の大部分は、紙Pを透過する際に紙Pに含まれる水により吸収され、波長λ2の近赤外光の大部分は、紙Pを透過する際に紙Pの成分であるセルロースにより吸収される。これに対し、波長λ3の近赤外光は、紙Pならびに紙Pに含まれる水とも吸収量が少ない。このため、紙Pを透過した波長λ1,λ2の近赤外光の強度は、波長λ3の近赤外光の強度に比べて小さくなる。
これに対して、本実施形態に係る集光器32は、入射角、即ち紙Pからの見込み角θとして許容受光角以内となる近赤外光を集光することができる。他方、立体角は、2次元平面上の見込み角θのほぼ二乗に比例する。集光器32の許容受光角を45度と仮定すると、従来の赤外線吸収型水分計の受光素子の立体角に対する本実施形態に係る集光器32の立体角の比率は、28(≒(45/8.5)2)倍となる。集光器32により受光素子35が取り込まれる光の強度はほぼ立体角に比例するので、本実施形態における検出器33の感度が従来の28倍に増加したことに相当する。従って、従来の赤外線吸収型水分計では測定できなかった高坪量(例えば、1000g/m2以上)の紙Pであっても、本実施形態に係る測定装置1単独で、坪量計等を用いずに水分率を測定することができる。また、マイクロ波水分計と比較して測定径が小径であるため、測定分解能が高く空間的に詳細な測定が可能となる。このことは、水分量の測定ひいては紙の製造工程における生産性の向上に貢献する。
この構成により、第1波長成分の強度と第3波長成分の強度から検査対象物中の液体の量が、第2波長成分の強度と第3波長成分の強度から検査対象物の主成分の量を定めることができる。従って、これらの液体や主成分の量もしくは率を測定するために、複雑な演算や装置構成を要しない。
上述の実施形態では3波長の光源として半導体光源を用いる場合を例にして説明したが、光源は半導体光源に限るものではなく、例えば、ハロゲンランプなどの広い波長域の光を放射する光源に必要な波長を透過させる光学帯域透過フィルターを用いてもよい。
光源の点灯方法もそれぞれ異なる周波数で変調して点灯する方法に替えて、光源が互いに異なる時刻にそれぞれの波長の光を照射し、検出器33は、その波長毎の点灯時刻に同期して各波長の信号成分を検出するようにしてもよい。
反射面32aの形状が通常の回転放物面である場合には、集光器32の裏面が開口されずに出射端32cが設けられなくてもよい。この形状のもとで受光素子35の表面に反射面32aの焦点が配置されるように、受光素子35を支持する支持材が反射面32aに囲まれる空間内に設けられてもよい。
Claims (7)
- 検査対象物を透過した電磁波の検出結果に基づいて、前記検査対象物の特性を測定する測定装置であって、
前記検査対象物に電磁波を照射する照射部と、
前記検査対象物を透過した電磁波のうち、前記検査対象物に対向する入射端への入射角が所定の入射角以内である電磁波を特定の集光面に導く反射面を有する集光部と、
前記集光面に導かれた電磁波を検出する検出部と、
を備える測定装置。 - 前記特定の集光面は、前記検出部に対向する出射端における開口面である、
請求項1に記載の測定装置。 - 前記反射面の形状は、複合放物面である
請求項1または請求項2に記載の測定装置。 - 前記集光部の入射端の開口面積は、前記検査対象物に電磁波が照射される照射面積よりも大である
請求項1から請求稿3のいずれか一項に記載の測定装置。 - 前記検査対象物の形状は、シート状である
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の測定装置。 - 前記電磁波は、複数の波長の成分を含む赤外線、可視光線または紫外線であり、
前記特性は、前記検査対象物に含まれる液体の量又は率である
請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の測定装置。 - 前記電磁波は、前記検査対象物の主成分による吸収率よりも前記検査対象物に含まれる前記液体による吸収率が高い第1波長成分と、
前記液体による吸収率よりも前記主成分による吸収率が高い第2波長成分と、
前記液体による吸収率が前記第1波長成分よりも低く、かつ前記主成分による吸収率が前記第2波長成分よりも低い第3波長成分と、
を含む請求項6に記載の測定装置。
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