JP2018522938A - 難聴の処置のためのセトロンファミリーのカルシニューリン阻害剤 - Google Patents
難聴の処置のためのセトロンファミリーのカルシニューリン阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018522938A JP2018522938A JP2018512485A JP2018512485A JP2018522938A JP 2018522938 A JP2018522938 A JP 2018522938A JP 2018512485 A JP2018512485 A JP 2018512485A JP 2018512485 A JP2018512485 A JP 2018512485A JP 2018522938 A JP2018522938 A JP 2018522938A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/538—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
Description
の基、
または式:
の基、
または式:
の基を表す)
またはその薬学的に許容可能なその塩である。
本発明において、次の用語は次の意味を有する:
−「難聴」は、標準的な聴力図における3連続周波数での少なくとも10dB、好ましくは少なくとも20dB、より好ましくは少なくとも30dBの難聴を指す。難聴は、片側性(すなわち対象の一方の耳のみ罹患)または両側性(すなわち対象の両側の耳が罹患)であり得る。
−「感音難聴」は、感覚有毛細胞および蝸牛のニューロン、または聴覚神経のニューロン、または中枢性の聴覚認知もしくは情報処理のより高い局面に対する異常および/または損傷により引き起こされる難聴のタイプを指す。感覚有毛細胞および蝸牛もしくは聴覚神経のニューロンは、出生時に異常であり得るか、または生後、損傷を受け得る(感音難聴の可能性のある原因の一覧については下記参照)。
−「処置」または「処置する」は、治療的処置および予防的または防止手段の両方を指し;その目的は、難聴を防ぐかまたは遅延させる(軽減する)ことである。処置を必要とする者としては、既に難聴である者ならびに難聴になる傾向がある者または難聴を防止すべき者が挙げられる。対象は、本発明に従う治療量の化合物を投与された後、対象が観察可能および/または測定可能な聴力の改善および/またはクオリティーオブライフ問題の改善を示す場合、難聴に対する「処置」が奏効している。処置の奏効および難聴の改善を評価するための上記パラメータは、例えば聴力検査によるなど、医師にとってよく知られる通常の手順により容易に測定可能である。
−「治療的有効量」は、標的に対して著しい負のまたは有害な副作用を引き起こすことなく、(1)難聴の発症を遅延させるもしくは予防する;(2)難聴の進行、増悪または悪化を遅延させるもしくは停止させる;(3)難聴の症状の回復をもたらす;(4)難聴の重症度もしくは発生率を低下させる;または(5)難聴を治癒することを目的とする、化合物のレベルまたは量を意味する。治療的有効量は、予防または防止的作用の場合、難聴の発症前に投与され得る。あるいはまたはさらに、治療的有効量は、治療作用の場合、難聴発症後に投与され得る。
−「薬学的に許容可能」とは、医薬組成物の成分が互いに適合性であり、それが投与される対象にとって有害ではないことを意味する。
−「薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤」は、動物、好ましくはヒトに投与されたときに、有害な反応、アレルギー性反応または他の望ましくない反応を生じない賦形剤を指す。これには、ありとあらゆる溶媒、分散媒、コーティング、抗菌および抗真菌剤、等張および吸収遅延剤などが含まれる。ヒトに投与する場合、調製物は、規制当局、例えばFDA OfficeまたはEMAなどにより要求される無菌性、発熱性、一般的安全性および純度の基準に適合すべきである。
−「対象」という用語は、本明細書中で、哺乳動物、好ましくはヒトを指す。一実施形態において、対象は、医療を受けることを待っている、または医療を受けている、医学的手順の対象であった/対象である/対象となろう、または疾患の発生について監視されている、「患者」、すなわち温血動物、より好ましくはヒトであり得る。
−「アルキル」は、1〜12個の炭素原子、好ましくは1〜8個の炭素原子を有する、任意の飽和直鎖状または分岐状炭化水素鎖を指し、より好ましくはメチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、n−ブチル、sec−ブチル、イソブチル、tert−ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、ヘプチルまたはオクチルである。
−「ハロゲン」は、フッ素、塩素、臭素またはヨウ素を指す。
−「アルコキシ」は、アルキルが上記で定められるとおりである、任意の−O−アルキル基を指す。適切なアルコキシ基としては、例えばメトキシ、エトキシ、n−プロポキシ、イソプロポキシ、n−ブトキシ、f−ブトキシ、sec−ブトキシ、n−ペントキシ、ペンチルオキシ、ヘキシルオキシ、ヘプチルオキシまたはオクチルオキシが挙げられる。
−「アミノ」は、1個以上の水素原子の有機ラジカルとの置換によるアンモニアのNH3由来の任意の化合物を指す。アミノは、好ましくは、−NH2、−NHRおよび−NRR’(式中、RおよびR’は好ましくはアルキル基である)を指す。したがって、「アミノ」はモノアルキルアミノおよびジアルキルアミノ基を含む。
−「アシルアミノ」は、基−NRC(O)アルキル、−NRC(O)シクロアルキル、−NRC(O)シクロアルケニル、−NRC(O)アルケニル、−NRC(O)アルキニル、−NRC(O)アリール、−NRC(O)ヘテロアリールおよび−NRC(O)複素環を指し、ここでRは水素またはアルキルである。好ましくは、「アシルアミノ」は、C2−5アルカノイルアミノ、例えばアセチルアミノ、プロピオニルアミノ、ブチリルアミノまたはピバロイルアミノを指す。
−「アルキルアミノ」は、アミノ部分がモノまたはジアルキルにより置換され、アルキルが上記で定められるとおりである、任意の−N−アルキル基を指す。適切なアルキルアミノ基としては、メチルアミノ、エチルアミノ、プロピルアミノ、イソプロピルアミノ、ブチルアミノ、ヘキシルアミノ、オクチルアミノ、ジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ、ジプロピルアミノ、ジイソプロピルアミノ、ジブチルアミノ、ジヘキシルアミノまたはジオクチルアミノが挙げられるが限定されない。
−「フェニルアルキル」は、アルキル部分を含むフェニル基を指し、好ましくは前記フェニルアルキルは、「フェニルC1−4アルキル」、すなわち1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル部分を含む基である。適切なフェニルアルキル化合物としては、ベンジル、2−フェニルエチル、1−フェニルエチル、3−フェニルプロピルおよび4−フェニルブチルが挙げられるが限定されない。フェニル核の置換基は、1〜3個のハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基、アルキル基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、カルボキシ基およびアルコキシカルボニル基を含む群から選択され得る。
−「フェノキシアルキル」はアルキル部分を含むフェノキシ基を指し、好ましくはこのフェノキシアルキルは、「フェノキシC1−4アルキル」、すなわち1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル部分を含む基である。適切なフェニルアルキル化合物としては、フェノキシメチル、2−フェノキシエチル、3−フェノキシプロピルおよび4−フェノキシブチルが挙げられるが限定されない。フェニル核の置換基は、1〜3個のハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基、アルキル基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、カルボキシ基およびアルコキシカルボニル基を含む群から選択され得る。
−数値に先行する「約」は、その数値のプラスマイナス10%を意味する。
の基、
または式:
の基、
または式:
の基を表す)
または薬学的に許容可能なその塩である。
本発明を次の実施例によりさらに説明する。
細胞培養
記載のように7日齢Wistarラット仔の小脳から小脳顆粒細胞を解離させた(Kramerら、2003,Mol Cell Neurosci 23:325−330)。簡潔に述べると、小脳を取り出し、HBSS−BSA中ですすぎ、細かく刻み、0.025%トリプシンで消化し、37℃で15分間インキュベートした。消化を停止させるために、10%ウシ胎仔血清を含有するDMEMを添加し;次いで、沈降した組織をピペットで出し入れすることを通じて単細胞懸濁液を得た。遠心沈降後、Burkerチャンバー中でトリパンブルー排除試験を使用して細胞数を計数した。この方法は、生存細胞が、その細胞膜が無傷であるがゆえにトリパンブルーを排除する能力に基づき、それによって染色されないが、非生存細胞は色素を取り込む。ポリ−L−リジンでコーティングされたポリスチレン12ウェル組織培養プレート(CELLSTAR)上で、10%ウシ胎仔血清、100μg/mLピルビン酸塩および100μg/mLゲンタマイシンを補給したDMEM Hepes改変培地中で3.2x105/cm2で細胞を播種した。24時間後、非ニューロン細胞の増殖を阻害するために10μMシトシンアラビノフラノシドを添加した。25mM KCl(K25)を含有する培地中で全ての薬理学的介入をこの時点で開始し、これにより、顆粒細胞の脱分極が起こり、結果的に遺伝子発現機構が活性化された。さらに、顆粒ニューロンの生存能はこの環境でより高く、したがって、数日間にわたり細胞を維持する可能性をもたらす。実際に、CGN培養物が適切なカルシニューリン活性および細胞成熟および脱分極を維持するためには培地中に25mM KClが必要である(Kramerら、2003,Mol Cell Neurosci 23:325−330;Vallanoら、2006,Neuropharmacology 50:651−660)。
マラカイトグリーン、モリブデン酸、および放出された遊離リン酸塩との間で形成される緑色複合体の定量に基づく比色分析アッセイキットを使用して、CGNにおいてホスファターゼカルシニューリン活性を評価した。擦り取ることによってCGNをプレートから剥がし、氷冷トリス緩衝液溶液(TBS)中ですすぎ、計数した。提供される1mLの溶解緩衝液中で約1000万個の細胞を溶解して、4℃にて150,000xgで45分間遠心沈降し、分析まで−70℃で上清を保管した。カルシニューリン活性アッセイ前に、ゲルろ過によって遊離リン酸塩およびヌクレオチドを細胞抽出物から除去した。リン酸塩の完全な除去を確実にするために、リン酸塩の存在下で緑色になるマラカイトグリーン試薬を添加した。特異的なカルシニューリン基質をリン酸塩不含細胞抽出物に添加し、適切なインキュベーション時間後、マラカイトグリーン試薬を適用した。分光光度計において反応からの急速な緑色形成を測定した。発色は試料のカルシニューリンホスファターゼ活性に比例する。620nmで読み取った吸光度の値をK25対照処置(100%)に対する%カルシニューリン活性に変換した。1つ1つの処置に対して、5つの独立した培養物を評価し、各試料を3つ組で実施する。
一元配置ANOVAを使用して統計分析を行い、続いて多重比較のためにテューキー事後検定を行った。結果は平均±SDで与え、p値が0.05以下の場合、有意とみなす。
図1で示されるように、オンダンセトロンHCl、トロピセトロンHCl、ラモセトロンHClおよびアザセトロンHClは全て、カルシニューリンホスファターゼ活性を有意に阻害し、一方でグラニセトロンHClは効果がなかった。オンダンセトロンHClおよびトロピセトロンHClの場合、カルシニューリン阻害は10〜1000nMで有意であり、ラモセトロンHClの場合は100および1000nMで有意であり、一方でアザセトロンHClのカルシニューリン阻害効果は、この特定のアッセイ実行に対する対照および試験条件の両方のばらつきの増加により、1000nMのみで有意に達した。カルシニューリン阻害は、トロピセトロンHCl、ラモセトロンHClおよびアザセトロンHClの濃度を増加させると様々な程度に増加したが、一方でオンダンセトロンHClでは濃度を増加させると逆に減少した。これにより、セトロンファミリー化合物によるカルシニューリン阻害が化合物特異的であり、クラス効果ではないことが明らかとなる。
動物
実験は全て、French Ministry of Agriculture regulationsおよびEuropean Community Council Directive no.86/609/EEC、OJL 358に従い、7週齢雄Wistarラット(CERJ,Le Genest,France)を使用して行った。ラットには標準飼料を自由に摂取させ、12時間明暗サイクル下で維持した。
聴性脳幹反応(ABR)および歪成分耳音響放射(DPOAE)は、実験期間全体にわたり、動物を90mg/kgケタミンおよび10mg/kgキシラジンを使用して深く麻酔をかけ、音響減衰キュービクル(Med Associates Inc.,St.Albans,VT,USA)内の35℃の再循環式温熱パッド上に置いて、RZ6聴性ワークステーション(Tucker−Davis Technologies,Alachua,FL,USA)を使用して記録していた。
4匹ずつのラットの群において、動物を121dBオクターブ帯域ノイズ(8〜16kHz)に2時間にわたり曝露し、3回転/分で回転する30cm直径のプラットフォーム上に置いた特注の円形ケージの個々の区画に入れた(Aqila Innovation,Valbonne,France)。RZ6 SigGenソフトウェアにより生成させた、較正したオクターブ帯域ノイズをブリッジモード(bridge mode)でCrown D−75増幅器(Crown Audio,Elkhart,IN,USA)によりさらに増幅し、プラットフォームの中心からそれぞれ10cmで、回転プラットフォームの39cm上に置いた4個のBeyma CP16圧縮ツイーター(Acustica Beyma S.L.,Moncada,Valencia,Spain)によって送った。
音響外傷誘導後直後から開始して、その後24時間ごとに反復し、14日間にわたり毎日腹腔内注射によって動物を処置した。セトロン化合物グラニセトロンHCl、オンダンセトロンHCl、トロピセトロンHClおよびアザセトロンHCl(Tocris Bioscience,Bristol,UK)を食塩水溶液中に溶解して(1.6mL/kg)送達し、一方でタクロリムス(Selleck Chemicals,Houston,TX,USA)は10%エタノール−100%/10%Kolliphor EL/1%Tween80/79%食塩水(1.0mL/kg)で構成される溶液中に溶解させた。プラセボ処置動物には、同じ処置スケジュールに従い、1.6mL/kgの食塩水の注射を行った。
第14日の聴力検査後、ペントバルビタール(100mg/kg)の腹腔内注射により動物に深く麻酔をかけた。蝸牛を摘出し、4%パラホルムアルデヒド、pH7.4で固定し、10%EDTA、pH7.4で脱灰し、次いでミオシンVIIa 1/1000で染色した。Zeiss AxioImager Z1/Apotome(Zeiss,France)を用いて内および外有毛細胞(IHCおよびOHC)を観察し、頂端から基底部までの感覚上皮の0.20mm長セグメントにおいて計数し、コクレオグラム(cochleogram)を得た。その後、各組織検体の全長を使用して、全長の2.5%の値域において頂端からの正規化距離の関数として群あたりのOHCの平均損失を計算した。細胞数は、頂端から全長の90%までであれば確実に得ることができ(ラットにおける0kHz〜50kHzまでの周波数特定性領域に対応、VibergおよびCanlon 2004)、一方で最後の10%は、切開中に受けた損傷ゆえに非常にばらつきが大きかった。
統計分析は、二元ANOVA(聴力検査データ:周波数および処置群。コクレオグラム(cochleogram):頂端からの正規化距離および処置群)を使用し、続いて多重比較のためのホルム−シダック事後検定により実施した。結果は平均±SEMとして与え、p値が0.05以下の場合、有意とみなす。
等モル濃度用量での、音響外傷後の3種類のカルシニューリン阻害セトロン化合物(アザセトロンHCl、4.22mg/kg、オンダンセトロンHCl、4mg/kgおよびトロピセトロンHCl、3.5mg/kg)およびカルシニューリン阻害効果がない1種類のセトロン化合物(グラニセトロンHCl、3.8mg/kg)の難聴軽減能を、無作為化およびプラセボ対照条件下で参照カルシニューリン阻害剤(タクロリムス、1.5mg/kg)の効果と比較した。音響外傷を誘導する3日前に各動物に対してベースラインのライン聴力検査(ABRおよびDPOAE測定)を行った。続いて、音響外傷から24時間および14日後に聴力検査測定を反復した。
Claims (15)
- 難聴の処置を必要とする対象における難聴の処置に使用するためのセトロンファミリーのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- アザセトロン、オンダンセトロン、トロピセトロン、ラモセトロン、ならびにそれらの類似体および薬学的に許容可能な塩を含む群から選択される、請求項1に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- アザセトロンまたはその類似体もしくは薬学的に許容可能な塩である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- アザセトロンの類似体が次の式のベンゾオキサジン化合物:
の基、
または式:
の基、
または式:
の基である)
またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩である、
請求項3に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。 - 前記アザセトロン類似体が、6−クロロ−3,4−ジヒドロ−2−メチル−3−オキソ−N−(3−キヌクリジニル)−2H−1,4−ベンゾオキサジン−8−カルボキサミド、6−クロロ−3,4−ジヒドロ−2,4−ジメチル−3−オキソ−N−(3−キヌクリジニル)−2H−ベンゾオキサジン−8−カルボキサミド、6−クロロ−2−エチル−3,4−ジヒドロ−4−メチル−3−オキソ−N−(3−キヌクリジニル)−2H−1,4−ベンゾオキサジン−8−カルボキサミド、6−クロロ−3,4−ジヒドロ−4−メチル−3−オキソ−N−(3−キヌクリジニル)−2H−1,4−ベンゾオキサジン−8−カルボキサミド、6−ブロモ−3,4−ジヒドロ−2,4−ジメチル−3−オキソ−N−(3−キヌクリジニル)−2H−1,4−ベンゾオキサジン−8−カルボキサミドおよび6−クロロ−3,4−ジヒドロ−2,2,4−トリメチル−3−オキソ−N−(3−キヌクリジニル)−2H−1,4−ベンゾオキサジン−8−カルボキサミド、ならびにその薬学的に許容可能なその塩を含む群から選択される、請求項3または請求項4に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 前記難聴が感音難聴である、請求項1〜5の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 前記難聴が少なくとも3連続周波数にわたる少なくとも約20dB、30、40、50、60、70、80、90dB以上の聴力低下である、請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 前記難聴が全ろうである、請求項1〜7の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 前記難聴が片側性または両側性である、請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 前記難聴が突発性感音難聴である、請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 前記難聴が騒音性感音難聴または加齢性難聴である、請求項1〜10の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 前記対象の難聴罹患が7日未満である、請求項1〜11の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 全身投与または局所投与または鼓室内注射される、請求項1〜12の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 1日1〜3回投与される、請求項1〜13の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
- 少なくとも30日間にわたり投与される、請求項1〜14の何れか1項に記載の使用のためのカルシニューリンの阻害剤。
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HUE066000T2 (hu) * | 2016-04-14 | 2024-06-28 | Sensorion | (+)-Azaszetron fül rendellenességek kezelésében történõ alkalmazásra |
KR102429935B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-14 | 2022-08-08 | 센소리온 | 귀 장애의 치료에 사용하기 위한 (+)-아자세트론 |
JP7044294B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-21 | 2022-03-30 | 学校法人慶應義塾 | 音響外傷難聴モデル動物の作製用の音響暴露装置 |
WO2019136382A1 (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | Laslo Olah | Hearing aid and method for use of same |
US11095992B2 (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2021-08-17 | Texas Institute Of Science, Inc. | Hearing aid and method for use of same |
CN108309964B (zh) * | 2018-04-04 | 2020-06-30 | 军事科学院军事医学研究院环境医学与作业医学研究所 | 二甲双胍在制备噪声性听力损失防治产品中的应用 |
WO2021014014A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-28 | Sensorion | Treatment and/or prevention of lesions in the central auditory nervous system |
US20250170139A1 (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2025-05-29 | Sensorion | Azasetron for the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss |
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