JP2018514557A - Stat3経路阻害薬およびキナーゼ阻害薬を用いて癌を治療するための方法 - Google Patents
Stat3経路阻害薬およびキナーゼ阻害薬を用いて癌を治療するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
1.幹細胞性−本明細書において使用される場合、幹細胞性は、自己再生して癌細胞へと分化する能力を意味する(Gupta PBら,Nat.Med.2009; 15(9):1010〜1012)。CSCは、癌細胞集団全体の少数部分のみであるが(Clarke P,Biol.Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 11(2付録2):14〜16)、CSCは、腫瘍のバルクを構成する癌細胞の異種性系譜を生じる可能性がある(Guptaら,2009を参照されたい)。さらに、CSCは、異なる部位へ移動する能力を有すると同時に、幹細胞性特性を保持し、したがって、これらの部位において腫瘍の再成長を保持する(Jordan CTら.N.Engl.J.Med.2006; 355(12):1253〜1261)。
2.異常なシグナル伝達経路−CSC幹細胞性は、シグナル伝達経路の調節不全と関係しており、この調節不全が腫瘍を再成長させおよび異なる部位へ移動する能力に寄与し得る。正常幹細胞において、幹細胞性シグナル伝達経路は、高度に制御されており、遺伝的に正常である。対照的に、CSCにおける幹細胞性シグナル伝達経路は調節不全であり、これらの細胞は、自己再生して癌細胞へと分化することができる(Ajaniら.2015を参照されたい)。幹細胞性シグナル伝達経路の調節不全は、化学療法および放射線療法に対するCSCの抵抗性に寄与し、ならびに癌の再発および転移に寄与する。CSCにおける幹細胞性の誘導および維持に関与する例示的な幹細胞性シグナル伝達経路には、JAK/STAT、Wnt/β−カテニン、ヘッジホッグ、ノッチ、およびNanogが含まれる(Boman BMら,J.Clin.Oncol.2008; 26(17):2828〜2838)。
3.従来療法に対する抵抗性−エビデンスは、CSCが従来の化学療法および放射線に対する抵抗性を有することを示唆する。このような抵抗性に潜む詳細な機序は十分にわかっていないが、CSCの幹細胞性経路(Bomanら,2008を参照されたい)は、腫瘍の微小環境およびシグナル伝達経路の異常な調節とともに(Borovski T.ら,Cancer Res.2011; 71(3):634〜639)、このような抵抗性に寄与し得る。
4.腫瘍の再発および転移に寄与する能力−化学療法および放射線は腫瘍における細胞のほとんどを殺滅し得るが、CSCは従来療法に抵抗性があるので、撲滅されていないCSCは、原発部位でまたは離れた部位で腫瘍の再成長または再発をもたらし得る(Jordanら.2006を参照されたい)。先に記載したように、CSCは、異なる部位へ移動する能力を獲得し得、微小環境との相互作用を通じてこれらの部位で幹細胞性を維持し得、転移性腫瘍成長を可能にし得る(Bomanら.2008を参照されたい)。
式A
を有する化合物、プロドラッグ、誘導体、これらのうちのいずれかの医薬として許容され得る塩、およびこれらのうちのいずれかの溶媒和物から選択される治療有効量の化合物Aの少なくとも1つの化合物、ならびに
式B
を有する化合物、プロドラッグ、誘導体、これらのうちのいずれかの医薬として許容され得る塩、およびこれらのうちのいずれかの溶媒和物から選択される治療有効量の化合物Bの少なくとも1つの化合物を投与することを含む、癌を治療するための方法が本明細書に開示される。
を有する化合物、プロドラッグ、誘導体、これらのうちのいずれかの医薬として許容され得る塩、およびこれらのうちのいずれかの溶媒和物から選択される化合物を意味する。
を有する化合物、プロドラッグ、誘導体、これらのうちのいずれかの医薬として許容され得る塩、およびこれらのうちのいずれかの溶媒和物から選択される化合物を意味する。
実施例は、本発明の異なる様相をさらに説明するために以下に提供される。実施例は、本発明を実施するための有用な方法論も説明する。これらの実施例は、請求される本発明を制限するものではない。
癌細胞におけるホスホSTAT3を阻害するための化合物A、化合物B、およびそれらの併用の効果を試験した。これらの試験のために、化合物Aを単独で用いて、化合物Bを単独で用いて、または化合物Aおよび化合物Bを併用してPanc−1膵癌細胞を処理した。図2に関して、併用処理のために、ヒト膵(Panc−1)癌細胞を化合物B(5μM)とともに20時間インキュベートした後、化合物B(5μM)および化合物A(1μM)とともに4時間共処理した。次に、細胞可溶化液を調製し、STAT3、p−STAT3、およびβアクチンのレベルについてウェスタンブロット法によって検討した。
癌細胞における幹細胞性関連転写因子Nanogを阻害する化合物Aおよび化合物Bを用いた併用処理の効果を試験した。これらの試験のために、化合物Aを単独で用いて、または化合物Bを単独で用いて、または化合物Aおよび化合物Bを併用して、MKN28胃癌細胞を処理した。図3に関して、ヒト胃(MKN28)癌細胞を化合物B(5μM)、化合物A(1μM)、または化合物Bおよび化合物A(それぞれ5μMおよび1μM)とともに24時間共処理した。次に、細胞可溶化液を調製し、Nanogおよびβアクチンのレベルについてウェスタンブロット法によって検討した。
バルクの癌細胞がクローン原性拡大を受ける能力に及ぼす化合物Aおよび化合物Bの併用処理を、コロニー形成アッセイによって検討した。これらの試験のために、ヒト腎癌細胞(786−0)、ヒト結腸癌細胞(RKO)、およびヒト結腸癌細胞(DLD−1)を、化合物Aを単独で用いて、化合物Bを単独で用いて、または化合物Aおよび化合物Bを併用して処理した。図4に関して、786−0ヒト腎癌細胞、RKOヒト結腸癌細胞、およびDLD−1ヒト結腸癌細胞を6穴プレート上へ1000個/ウェルで播種した。播種24時間後、細胞をビヒクル、化合物A(4時間)、化合物B(24時間)、または化合物Aおよび化合物B(24時間)へ、示される用量で曝露した。次に、細胞を10〜14日間培養し、固定し、ギムザ染色した。
癌幹細胞スフェア形成(すなわち、スフェア発生)に及ぼす化合物Aおよび化合物Bを併用した効果を試験した。これらの試験のために、DLD−1、RKO結腸癌細胞、およびACHN腎癌細胞を、Accutase(登録商標)細胞脱離溶液で脱離させ、PBSで洗浄し、CSC培地中に1×103個/mLの濃度で再懸濁した。72時間培養した後、結果として生じるCSCを化合物A(0.5〜1.0μM)、化合物B(1.25〜2.5μM)、または化合物Aおよび化合物Bの両方(それぞれ0.5〜1.0μMおよび1.25〜2.5μM)とともにインキュベートした。次に、CSCスフェアを72時間成長させておいた後、細胞生存能力を、CellTiter−Glo(登録商標)発光細胞生存能力アッセイ(Promega)を用いて測定した。
複数の薬剤に対する種々の薬力学的(PD)マーカーのレベルに及ぼす化合物Aおよび化合物Bの併用処理のインビボでの効果を試験した。ヒト結腸癌(SW480)のマウス異種移植モデルを用いた。
CSCをインビボで標的とする化合物A+化合物Bの併用の能力を、実施例5において先に説明したヒト結腸癌(SW480)のマウス異種移植モデルを用いて検討した。具体的には、マウスをビヒクル、化合物A(100mg/kg)、化合物B(50mg/kg)、または化合物A+化合物B(それぞれ100mg/kgおよび50mg/kg)を毎日、合計14回経口処理した。14日間の処理後、安楽死させたマウスから腫瘍を収集した。腫瘍組織の一部を、200U/mLのコラゲナーゼ(Sigma)および100U/mLのDNアーゼI(Sigma)を含有するDMEM(Gibco)を用いた37℃で30分間の酵素消化によって単細胞懸濁液へと解離させた。次に、結果として生じる細胞を40μmのストレーナーで濾過し、ACK溶解緩衝液(Thermo Fisher)中で室温で5分間インキュベートして、赤血球を除去した。トリパンブルー(Gibco)染色によって評価される1000個の生腫瘍細胞を1mLのスフェア培地中で懸濁し、低付着細胞培養12穴プレート上に三つ組で播種した。癌スフェア培地は、B−27(Gibco)、20ng/mlのEGF(R&D)、10ng/mlの塩基性FGF(bFGF)(R&D)、0.4%のBSA Gemini、および0.3%アガロースをDMEM/F12(Gibco)中に含んでいた。結果として生じる腫瘍スフェアを10日後に計数した。50個を超えるスフェアをスコア化した。
ヒト結腸癌のマウス異種移植モデルにおいて、SW480細胞を雄無胸腺ヌードマウスへと皮下接種し(8×106個/匹)、触知可能な腫瘍を形成させておいた。腫瘍がおよそ200mm3にいったん到達すると、動物をビヒクル、化合物A(100mg/kg)、化合物B(50mg/kg)、または化合物Aおよび化合物B(それぞれ100mg/kgおよび50mg/kg)を用いて、図8に示すように経口処理した。動物は合計9回投与された。併用療法として化合物Aおよび化合物Bを用いた処理は、化合物Aまたは化合物Bを単独で用いて処理した動物と比較して、腫瘍の成長を相乗的に阻害した。化合物A+化合物Bの併用に対する腫瘍成長阻害は、77%であると算出された(p=0.0005)。これらのデータは、化合物Aおよび化合物Bが、有効である投与計画において安全に投与されることができることを示唆し、ヒト結腸癌の治療のためのさらなる臨床評価を支持する。
Claims (19)
- 対象へ、
(a)癌細胞阻害薬、そのプロドラッグ、これらのうちのいずれかの医薬として許容され得る塩、およびそれらのうちのいずれかの溶媒和物から選択される治療有効量の少なくとも1つの癌幹細胞阻害薬、ならびに
(b)キナーゼ標的薬、そのプロドラッグ、これらのうちのいずれかの医薬として許容され得る塩、またはこれらのうちのいずれかの溶媒和物から選択される治療有効量の少なくとも1つのキナーゼ標的薬
を投与することを含む、前記対象における癌を治療する方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの癌幹細胞阻害薬は、STAT3経路阻害薬から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのキナーゼ標的薬は、キナーゼ阻害薬から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの癌幹細胞阻害薬は、2−(1−ヒドロキシエチル)−ナフト[2,3−b]フラン−4,9−ジオン、2−アセチル−7−クロロ−ナフト[2,3−b]フラン−4,9−ジオン、2−アセチル−7−フルオロ−ナフト[2,3−b]フラン−4,9−ジオン、2−アセチルナフト[2,3−b]フラン−4,9−ジオン、および2−エチル−ナフト[2,3−b]フラン−4,9−ジオンから選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 式Aの前記少なくとも1つの化合物は、約80mgから約960mgの範囲の量で1日2回経口投与される、請求項6〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 式Aの前記少なくとも1つの化合物は、約160mgから約240mgの範囲の量で1日2回経口投与される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 式Aの前記少なくとも1つの化合物は、約240mgの量で1日2回経口投与される、請求項11または12に記載の方法。
- 式Bの前記少なくとも1つの化合物は、約50mgから約600mgの範囲の量で1日1回経口投与される、請求項6〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 式Bの前記少なくとも1つの化合物は、約100mgから約300mgの範囲の量で1日1回経口投与される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 式Bの前記少なくとも1つの化合物は、毎日約100mgまたは毎日約200mgの量で経口投与される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記癌は、食道癌、胃食道接合部癌、胃食道腺癌、胃癌、軟骨肉腫、大腸腺癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、頭頚部癌、黒色腫、胃腺癌、肺癌、膵癌、腎細胞癌、肝細胞癌、子宮頸癌、脳腫瘍、多発性骨髄腫、白血病、リンパ腫、前立腺癌、胆管癌、子宮内膜癌、小腸腺癌、子宮肉腫、またはアドレノコルチコイド癌である、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記癌は、摘出不可能であり、進行性であり、難治性であり、再発性であり、または転移性である、請求項17に記載の方法。
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