JP2018199939A - Composite structure construction method, composite structure and composite structure construction apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To construct a composite structure using a hydraulic mixture efficiently at a construction site. When constructing a footing 10 which is a composite structure using a hydraulic mixture at a construction site G, first, the contour of a shell wall on which a print raw material 1 which is a first hydraulic mixture should be constructed is formed. A shell wall portion 11 having a section closed around the shell wall portion 11 is formed by laminating along the same section, and then the section 11k of the shell wall portion 11 is filled with the ready-mixed concrete 2 which is a second hydraulic mixture to form a filling section 17. To form. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for constructing a composite structure using a hydraulic mixture such as ready-mixed concrete.

In recent years, various techniques for constructing a composite structure using a hydraulic mixture by applying 3D printer technology have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). As an example of constructing this type of composite structure using 3D printer technology, first, a computer models the three-dimensional shape of the structure to be constructed, and then, from the modeled three-dimensional data, Generate two-dimensional data divided into layers.
And based on the two-dimensional data of each layer, the printing raw material using hydraulic mixtures, such as ready-mixed concrete, is discharged from the movable supply head, and the two-dimensional shape of each layer is constructed | assembled. Then, on the constructed two-dimensional shape layer, the printing raw materials are laminated one by one based on the two-dimensional data of the subsequent layers, thereby constructing a three-dimensional composite structure.

  Here, this kind of hydraulic mixture uses a hydration reaction in which cement reacts with water and solidifies. When a composite structure is constructed using 3D printer technology, a printing raw material supplied from a supply head is used. Since the solidification rate of the printing raw material is slower than the supply rate, a considerable time is required until the supplied printing raw material solidifies and reaches the required strength as a desired structure. Therefore, when the printing raw material is laminated again on the layer that is not completely solidified, there is a problem that the laminated shape is broken.

  Further, when one layer is laminated and the layer is completely solidified and then repeatedly laminated thereon, there is a problem that the working time is increased and the productivity is lowered. Furthermore, when constructing a structure in which a reinforcing bar or steel frame is embedded as a framework inside the composite structure, it is difficult to construct a composite structure in which such different materials exist in the printing raw material, depending on the conventional 3D printer technology. There is a problem. These problems become more prominent as the composite structure to be constructed becomes larger.

  For example, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, a plurality of robot arms corresponding to each of a plurality of types of members are integrated by a construction apparatus including a plurality of robot arms that can move three-dimensionally. It is said that even if the dissimilar material is a composite structure existing in the printing raw material, it can be constructed.

  Further, for example, in the technique described in Patent Document 2, using the 3D printer technology, two edges separated from each other in the opposite direction by, for example, a fast-curing material are simultaneously constructed from a plurality of supply heads. It is said that a wall composed of a composite structure can be constructed by simultaneously filling with a filler such as cement.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-108801 Japanese Patent No. 4527107

However, although the technique described in Patent Literature 1 is comprehensively constructed by a plurality of robot arms corresponding to each of a plurality of types of members, a printing material stacking process performed by a robot arm that discharges printing materials such as concrete Cannot be said to solve the problems of the conventional 3D printer technology.
In other words, according to the technique described in this document, in the printing material laminating process, as in the past, all of the printing material is discharged from the nozzle tip of the supply head, and a precise laminating operation is performed over the entire two-dimensional shape of each layer. Need to repeat.

Therefore, when constructing a large-sized composite structure, as much construction time as before is required, there is still room for examination in order to speed up the construction. Further, although the technique described in Patent Document 2 can construct a “wall” made of a composite structure itself, there is still room for examination when applied to a composite structure having a large bottom area.
Therefore, the present invention is suitable for application to a structure having a large bottom area, and a composite structure construction method and composite structure capable of efficiently constructing a composite structure using a hydraulic mixture at a construction site. It is another object of the present invention to provide a composite structure construction apparatus.

  In order to solve the above problems, a composite structure construction method according to one aspect of the present invention is a composite structure using a plurality of hydraulic mixtures that have fluidity during construction and harden after construction. A method of constructing a shell, wherein a shell wall is formed at the construction site by laminating a first hydraulic mixture along the contour of the shell wall to be constructed to form a shell wall having a closed section And a compartment filling step of filling the second hydraulic mixture into the compartment of the shell wall portion to form a filling portion.

Here, in the construction method of the composite structure according to one aspect of the present invention, the first hydraulic mixture has fluidity that can be placed along the contour at the time of supply, and the contour at the time of lamination. It has a thixotropic property that is fixed at the supply position and is self-supporting so as to be able to be laminated on the upper part, and a fast-curing property that is fixed at the supply position on the contour after the lamination and is self-supporting and cured so as to be able to be laminated also on the upper part. It is preferable. The second hydraulic mixture is preferably ready-mixed concrete, and the second hydraulic mixture is preferably fluidized soil.
Examples of the first or second “hydraulic mixture” include, for example, Portland cement, blast furnace cement, silica cement, fly ash cement, eco cement, slag cement, calcium alumina cement, plaster, phosphate cement, white cement, high cement, Alumina cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, MDF cement, DSP cement, pillament type cement and densit type cement can be used.

  According to the composite structure construction method according to one aspect of the present invention, when constructing a composite structure at a construction site, first, the first hydraulic mixture is laminated along the outline of the shell wall to be constructed. Forming a shell wall portion having a closed compartment, and then filling the second hydraulic mixture into the shell wall portion to form a filling portion. Compared with the construction method of the composite structure discharged from the nozzle tip, the composite structure can be constructed efficiently at the construction site. Therefore, it is suitable for application to a structure having a large bottom area.

  In order to solve the above problems, a composite structure according to one embodiment of the present invention is a composite structure formed using a plurality of hydraulic mixtures that have fluidity during construction and harden after construction. A shell wall portion formed by laminating a first hydraulic mixture along a contour of the shell wall at a construction site to form a closed section, and a second water solution in the shell wall section. And a filling portion filled with the hard mixture at a construction site.

  According to the composite structure according to one aspect of the present invention, a shell wall portion having a section closed by surrounding the first hydraulic mixture along the contour of the shell wall to be constructed is formed, Furthermore, since the filling part is formed by filling the second hydraulic mixture in the shell wall section, compared with the composite structure formed by discharging all of the composite structure from the nozzle tip, It can be a composite structure efficiently constructed at the construction site. Therefore, it is suitable for application to a structure having a large bottom area.

  Moreover, in order to solve the said subject, the composite structure construction apparatus which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention is a composite structure construction apparatus used for the construction method of the composite structure which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention, Comprising: A first material supply device for supplying the first hydraulic mixture along the contour of the shell wall to be constructed; and a second material supply device for supplying the second hydraulic mixture into the shell wall compartment. It is characterized by having.

  Here, in the composite structure construction device according to one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the first material supply device is a device including a 3D printer. Moreover, it is preferable that said 2nd material supply apparatus is an apparatus containing a concrete pump vehicle. Moreover, it is preferable that the material supply port of the first material supply device has a nozzle having a polygonal cross section. Moreover, it is preferable to provide a compacting vibrator attached in the vicinity of the material supply part of the second material supply device.

  According to the composite structure construction apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, when the composite structure is constructed at the construction site, the first material supply apparatus performs the first operation along the contour of the shell wall to be constructed. A hydraulic mixture can be laminated to form a shell wall having a closed compartment. And a filling part can be formed by filling the second hydraulic mixture into the compartment of the shell wall part by the second material supply device. Therefore, it is possible to construct a composite structure using the hydraulic mixture more efficiently at the construction site than a construction apparatus that discharges all of the composite structure from the nozzle tip.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is suitable for application to a structure having a large bottom area, and a composite structure using a hydraulic mixture can be constructed efficiently at a construction site.

It is typical explanatory drawing of the construction site of the composite structure concerning one mode of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the ZZ cross section of FIG. 1, The figure (a) shows the shell wall part in a shell wall formation process, (b) shows the filling part with which the shell wall part was filled in the division filling process. Show. It is a figure ((a)-(f)) explaining the modification of the shell wall part formed at a shell wall formation process. It is a figure ((a), (b)) explaining the modification of the shell wall part which comprises the composite structure which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention, and its construction method. It is a figure ((a), (b)) explaining the modification of the shell wall part which comprises the composite structure which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention, and its construction method. It is a figure ((a)-(c)) explaining the modification of the nozzle attached to the supply head of the composite structure construction apparatus which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention. It is typical explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the construction site of the composite structure which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. The present embodiment is a construction technique for a composite structure to which 3D printer technology is applied, which can improve the productivity and workability of the composite structure using a hydraulic mixture. The drawings are schematic. For this reason, it should be noted that the relationship between the thickness and the planar dimension, the ratio, and the like are different from the actual ones, and the dimensional relationship and the ratio are different between the drawings. Further, the following embodiments or modifications exemplify apparatuses and methods for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention includes the material, shape, The structure, arrangement, etc. are not specified in the following embodiments or modifications.

  As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1, the composite structure of the present embodiment is an example of a construction site G in which a pier footing 10 is constructed on the ground. The footing 10 of this embodiment is constructed by a first material supply device 20 configured as a three-dimensional laminating device including a 3D printer as a construction device and a concrete pump vehicle 40 as a second material supply device. .

First, the first material supply device 20 will be described.
As shown in the figure, the first material supply device 20 is configured in the same manner as a climbing crane, and can be raised and lowered along the mast 21 with a mast 21 standing on the ground and capable of being added, and a jack-up device built therein. The base frame 22 is provided. On the base frame 22 are mounted a turntable 23 having a built-in turning mechanism and an articulated robot arm 24 supported on the turntable 23. The base frame 22 includes a supply chamber 28 that can store the printing raw material 1 that is the first hydraulic mixture, a supply pump 29 attached to the supply chamber 28, a supply pump 29, a swivel base 23, and a robot arm. And a control unit 30 for controlling 24.

Further, the first material supply device 20 includes a supply head 25 having a nozzle 26 connected to the tip of the robot arm 24, and a material supply pipe 27 connected to the supply head 25 so as to be able to supply the print raw material 1. Is provided. The robot arm 24 is a multi-axis robot having arms 24 a to e constituting a plurality of joints, and is configured to be able to move the supply head 25 along the contour of the footing 10.
The primary side supply pipe 27a of the raw material supply pipe 27 is detachably connected to the primary side of the supply chamber 28. For example, the necessary print raw material 1 from the concrete mixer truck 60 is supplied to the supply chamber 28 via the primary side supply pipe 27a. It can be refilled. A secondary side supply pipe 27 b of the raw material supply pipe 27 is connected to the secondary side of the supply chamber 28. A pump capable of pumping the printing raw material 1 to the supply chamber 28 is provided on the concrete mixer truck 60 side.

  Here, a hydraulic mixture is used for the printing raw material 1 of the present embodiment. In the present specification, the “hydraulic mixture” is meant to include various cement-based mixed materials (for example, cement paste, mortar, concrete), and uses a material that is self-supporting and has fast hardening properties. Independence can be confirmed by, for example, thixotropy. In order to obtain quick hardening, an early strength material, addition of a cement hardening accelerator, or a quick setting agent may be used. Shotcrete can also be used in some cases.

Examples of the material having fast curing include materials disclosed in JP-A-2005-187257, JP-A-49-77934, JP-A-48-1024, and the like. In addition, as a material having high thixotropy, there is a high thixotropy type non-shrinkage special polymer-based cross-sectional repair mortar material “Noshitar (registered trademark: Dopy Construction Industries, Ltd.)”.
In the case of ready-mixed concrete, for example, a slump value in the range of 15 cm to 24 cm is preferable, and a slump value in the range of 18 cm to 24 cm is more preferable. In the case of mortar, for example, a blow flow value in the range of 175 to 195 mm is preferable, and a blow flow value in the range of 180 to 190 mm is more preferable.

That is, the printing raw material 1 of the present embodiment has a fluidity that can be placed along the contour of the footing 10 without using a mold when supplying it, and is fixed to the supply position on the contour when stacked, and the upper part thereof. In addition, it has a thixotropy that is self-supporting so that it can be laminated, and a fast-curing property that is fixed to the supply position on the contour after the lamination and that self-supports so as to be able to be laminated on the upper part and hardens to the required strength as a desired structure. .
In addition, the printing raw material 1 includes, as a reinforcing material other than the reinforcing body 4 to be described later, short and long fibers formed of needle-shaped synthetic resin fibers such as polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyester fibers and aramid fibers, steel fibers, Inorganic fibers such as glass fiber, silica fiber, ceramic fiber, and carbon fiber may be mixed with the main material in advance.

  The first material supply device 20 can be operated by wireless remote control from a remote controller (not shown). When receiving the control signal for executing the automatic operation from the remote controller, the control unit 30 executes the 3D printing process corresponding to the automatic operation according to the received control signal, and controls the entire first material supply device 20. It is possible. In the present embodiment, the outer peripheral shell wall 11 of the footing 10 shown in FIG. 2A is constructed by the 3D printing process by the first material supply device 20. In the example of this embodiment, as shown in the figure, 3D printing is performed along the outline of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 having a rectangular frame shape in plan view.

Next, the concrete pump vehicle 40 that is the second material supply device will be described.
In the present embodiment, after the outer peripheral shell wall 11 of the footing 10 is constructed by 3D printing processing by the first material supply device 20, the inner side of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 is self-filling as shown in FIG. The filling part 17 is constructed by filling with a second hydraulic mixture. As the second hydraulic mixture, various cement-based mixed materials (for example, cement paste, mortar, concrete) mixed with organic fibers and inorganic fibers in addition to the ready-mixed concrete 2 as in the present embodiment are used as reinforcing materials. Depending on the amount, filling space, filling shape and the like, it can be used as appropriate. If high fluidity concrete is used, it can be filled without compaction. In addition, if medium-fluidity concrete is used, compaction work is reduced. In addition, as a material having high fluidity, cement-based materials such as fluidized soil, air mortar, and cement milk can be filled.
It should be noted that the second hydraulic mixture and the first hydraulic mixture can be the same as long as at least one of fluidity, thixotropy, and fast curing is different, as a matter of course, materials of different blending can be used. You may change and use the compounding ratio of a material. In this case, for example, if the amount of water to be kneaded is changed as appropriate, any of fluidity, thixotropy, and fast curing can be made different.

In the present embodiment, a concrete pump method is adopted as the placing method for the filling portion 17. In the concrete pump construction method of this embodiment, the ready-mixed concrete 2 that has been transported to the construction site by the concrete mixer truck 60 is pumped to the placement site using the concrete pump truck 40 and the filling portion 17 is placed.
As shown in FIG. 1, this concrete pump vehicle 40 is a general concrete pump vehicle, and is provided with a concrete pump 44 mounted on a frame 41 of the vehicle and a cylinder on the frame 41 so as to be able to bend and stretch. A multi-stage boom 42. The concrete pump 44 is configured to be able to suck the ready-mixed concrete 2 introduced from the concrete mixer truck 60 into a hopper 45 provided on the frame 41 and feed it to the transfer pipe 43. The concrete pump vehicle 40 pressure-feeds the ready-mixed concrete 2 discharged by the concrete pump 44 from the front end of the transfer pipe 43 supported by the multistage boom 42 to a place in the outer shell wall 11 of the footing 10 by an operator's operation. It is configured to be possible.

Next, the construction method of the composite structure of this embodiment and the effect are demonstrated.
In the 3D printing of the first material supply device 20, the three-dimensional shape of the footing 10 to be constructed is computer-modeled in advance, and the outer shell wall 11 divided into a number of thin layers is obtained from the modeled data. Basic construction data necessary for 3D printing is prepared by generating two-dimensional contour data. The foundation construction data is stored in advance in the storage device of the control unit of the first material supply device 20.

  The operator transmits a control signal for executing automatic operation from the remote controller to the first material supply apparatus 20 by wireless remote operation. The control unit 30 of the first material supply device 20 executes a corresponding 3D printing process in accordance with the received control signal. When a predetermined 3D printing process is executed by the control unit 30, the control unit 30 first moves the swivel base 23 and the robot arm 24 to start stacking on the contour of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 to be constructed of the footing 10. The supply head 25 is positioned at a point.

  Thereafter, the control unit 30 drives the supply pump 29 attached to the supply chamber 28, and the positions of the swivel base 23 and the robot arm 24 along the contour of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 to be constructed based on the foundation construction data. To move. As a result, the first material supply device 20 supplies the print raw material 1 to the supply head 25 via the secondary-side supply pipe 27b and discharges it from the nozzle 26, while producing one print layer corresponding to the basic construction data. It can form without using a formwork on the outline of the outer peripheral shell wall 11. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the construction of the scaffold and the work for removing it.

  Furthermore, after forming one print layer, the first material supply device 20 stacks the print layers by 3D printing the print raw material 1 layer by layer without using a mold based on the basic construction data. The printed layers of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 supplied from the supply head 25 and constructed on the foundation of the footing 10 are sequentially cured, and the two-dimensional contour of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 of the upper layer is again cured on the cured printed layer. The formation of the desired three-dimensional shell wall shape of the footing 10 is constructed by repeatedly forming the print layer based on the data (shell wall forming step). Next, in the present embodiment, the concrete pump vehicle 40 fills the compartment of the outer shell wall 11 with the ready-mixed concrete 2 to form the filling portion 17 (compartment filling step).

  Note that the stacking position of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 in the Z-axis direction is controlled by movement control of the swivel base 23 and the robot arm 24 as long as the swivel base 23 and the robot arm 24 are movable. Further, when the movable range of the swivel base 23 and the robot arm 24 is exceeded, the jack-up device of the base frame 22 with respect to the mast 21 is driven and the climbing operation of the base frame 22 is performed.

Here, the thickness and height of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 which is a shell wall portion formed on the outer periphery of the composite structure can suppress deformation due to its own weight at the time of construction by lamination, and is equivalent to the outer peripheral height that acts at the time of internal filling. It can be appropriately determined in consideration of the hydraulic pressure.
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the construction regions α, β, γ, etc. are divided into the construction regions α, β, γ, etc. in order from the bottom of the outer peripheral shell wall 11, and the construction regions α, β, γ are each set as one cycle. Thereafter, by repeating the same procedure, a shell wall constrained composite structure can be constructed. If the 1st material supply apparatus 20 is a climbing crane type like this embodiment, since the height of the base frame 22 can be moved according to a construction area | region by the drive of a jackup apparatus, it is suitable.

Thus, according to the present embodiment, when the footing 10 that is a composite structure is constructed at the construction site, first, the print raw material 1 is placed along the contour of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 to be constructed of the footing 10. A shell wall portion having a section closed by stacking is formed, and then the concrete section 2 is filled with the ready-mixed concrete 2 to form the filling portion 17. For the purpose of unattended dangerous work, it is possible to provide a concrete construction technology applying a 3D printer technology that can improve the workability of concrete construction.
In particular, according to the present embodiment, the printing raw material 1 uses a blend mainly composed of a cement-based material or the like that is self-supporting due to high thixotropy and has fast curing properties, and the outer peripheral shell wall of the target structure. Since the (outer) can be precisely laminated and constructed with a 3D printer, no formwork is required.

  And according to this embodiment, when constructing a composite structure using a plurality of hydraulic mixtures at a construction site, first, the print raw material 1 (first The outer peripheral shell wall 11 which is a shell wall portion having a closed section is formed by laminating the hydraulic mixture), and then the ready-mixed concrete 2 (second hydraulic mixture) is formed in the section of the outer peripheral shell wall 11. Since the filling portion 17 is formed by filling the composite material, the composite structure is more efficient at the construction site than the method of using the printing raw material 1 in which all of the hydraulic mixture for constructing the composite structure is discharged from the nozzle tip. Can be built. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the construction of the scaffold and the work for removing it. Therefore, it is suitable for application to a composite structure having a large bottom area such as a footing, a beam, or a column.

Here, the conventional 3D printer technology has a problem that it is difficult to construct a composite structure in which different kinds of materials are combined. On the other hand, if it is the composite structure construction apparatus of this embodiment, the outer peripheral shell wall 11 is formed with the 1st material supply apparatus 20, and the inner side of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 is self-filled with the concrete pump truck 40. Since it is the structure filled with the ready-mixed concrete 2 as a 2nd hydraulic mixture which has the property, when the filling part 17 is formed, it is possible to construct a structure in which reinforcing bars and steel frames are reinforced as a framework inside the concrete.
Note that the second hydraulic mixture is not limited to ready-mixed concrete, and ready-made concrete can be used in various forms. For example, it is possible to use ready-mixed concrete having high fluidity or normal ready-mixed concrete. When using ordinary ready-mixed concrete, it is preferable to use a vibrator for compaction. Moreover, about the apparatus which supplies a 2nd hydraulic mixture, not only the concrete pump vehicle 40 but various apparatuses, such as supplying directly from a chute | shoot or supplying with a packet, can be used.
If a vibrator for compaction is provided in the vicinity of the transfer pipe 43 that is a material supply part of the concrete pump truck 40 and the vibrator for compaction is driven while filling the ready-mixed concrete 2, the reinforcing bars and steel frames are reinforced as a framework inside the concrete. Even in the case of a structure to be made, it is suitable for efficiently filling the ready-mixed concrete 2.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is suitable for application to a structure having a large bottom area, and a composite structure using a hydraulic mixture can be constructed efficiently at a construction site. Note that the composite structure construction method, composite structure, and composite structure construction apparatus according to the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Of course.

  For example, the above-described outer peripheral shell wall 11 has a structure in which the printing raw material 1 is laminated. In 3D printing alone, there is no shaft member that bears a tensile force by connecting the layers. May be low. Therefore, for example, when each print layer of the outer shell wall 11 is formed by the first material supply device 20, a reinforcing material may be embedded separately in the print layer.

  For example, a reinforcing material such as a steel material, a reinforcing bar, or a continuous fiber can be disposed in the layered portion of the contour of the outer shell wall 11 of the printing raw material 1 that is the first hydraulic mixture. In this case, the reinforcing material may be disposed before lamination, or the reinforcing material may be disposed while being laminated. Moreover, also about the filling part 17 inside the outer peripheral shell wall 11, reinforcement materials, such as a steel material, a reinforcing bar, and a continuous fiber, can be previously arrange | positioned as needed.

  Specifically, a reinforcing material can be injected into each print layer at a predetermined interval from a reinforcing material injection portion provided in the vicinity of the nozzle 26 of the supply head 25, and the reinforcing material can be embedded in the one print layer at a predetermined interval. . It is preferable that the reinforcing material injection unit injects the reinforcing material while following the movement path of the supply head 25. In addition, since the printing raw material 1 which is the 1st hydraulic mixture which comprises a printing layer hardens | cures rapidly, the control part 30 moves the supply head 25 according to hardening conditions, such as the moisture content contained in the printing raw material 1. It is preferable to control the speed and the distance between the reinforcing material injection portion and the print layer.

Further, the first hydraulic mixture of the outer shell wall 11 and the second hydraulic mixture inside the shell wall may be properly used according to the required performance. For example, the first hydraulic mixture of the outer shell wall uses a high-quality blend with excellent long-term durability, and the second hydraulic mixture inside the shell wall uses concrete of a normal quality blend. Cost reduction is possible.
Moreover, by using the first hydraulic mixture and the second hydraulic mixture, aiming at a reinforcing effect including a confinement effect, for example, a relatively inexpensive material is used for the concrete forming the filling portion 17. However, the strength of the print material forming the outer peripheral shell wall 11 can be increased. Thereby, the yield strength and toughness as the whole composite structure can be improved.
Further, as a measure for enhancing the durability when steel is used inside, if a material having a small water-cement ratio or a dense material is used as a material for constructing the outer peripheral shell wall 11, chlorination, which is a deterioration factor of the steel, is used. It is possible to prevent the penetration of carbon ions that cause the penetration of physical ions and the neutralization of concrete, and the durability can be improved.

Further, for example, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the outer peripheral shell wall 11 having a substantially rectangular frame shape in plan view is formed as the shell wall portion is shown, but the shape of the shell wall portion is not limited thereto. In other words, the shell wall portion of the composite structure according to the present invention has a section in which the first hydraulic mixture is laminated along the contour of the shell wall to be constructed and the periphery is closed at the construction site. If it is, it can be set as a various aspect. A specific modification is shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, the shape of the outline of the outer peripheral shell wall 11 as the shell wall portion is not limited to a substantially rectangular frame shape in plan view, and is, for example, an annular shape as shown in FIG. Can do. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the shell wall portion 11 may be constituted by the outer peripheral shell wall 12 and one or a plurality of outer reinforcing walls 15 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral shell wall 12.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3C, the shell wall portion 11 can be constituted by an outer peripheral shell wall 12 and one or a plurality of inner reinforcing walls 16 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral shell wall 12. Moreover, as shown in the figure (d), the shell wall part 11 can be made into the polygonal cyclic | annular form, for example. The example in the figure is an example of a hexagonal ring.

  Furthermore, the form of the partition 11k in the shell wall 11 by the shell wall portion 11 is not limited to the case of using one partition as shown in the above embodiment and the same figure (a) to (d). It is good also as a structure which forms the inner peripheral shell wall 13 in the inside of 12, and has a some division. For example, as shown in FIG. 5E, the inner peripheral shell wall 13 may be divided into a large number of sections to form a honeycomb structure.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5F, the shell wall portion 11 may be a pair of the inner shell wall 13 and the outer shell wall 12 which are adjacent to each other. In this case, the outer shell wall 12 substantially forms the inner shell wall 13. It is good also as a structure which serves as an object. In the example of the figure, an example in which the image is divided into a large number of sections having a rectangular frame shape in plan view is shown. Furthermore, in the case where the inside of the shell wall portion 11 is divided into a plurality of compartments, it is not necessarily limited to the form in which all the compartments are the filling portions 17, and as shown in FIGS. It is good also as the space | gap part 18 without filling a suitable location among divisions with a 2nd hydraulic mixture.

  Moreover, when constructing the shell wall portion of the composite structure according to the present invention, the “shape of the outline of the shell wall” is interpreted to include a line and a surface. That is, when the shape of the outline of the shell wall that forms the shell wall portion 11 is the width of the print raw material 1 discharged from the nozzle 26 at a time, it is substantially interpreted as a “contour line”. be able to.

  On the other hand, when the width of the printing material 1 discharged from the nozzle 26 at a time is exceeded, it can be interpreted as a region between the inner contour line 11u and the outer contour line 11s as shown in FIG. In this case, the first hydraulic mixture is discharged along the contour of the shell wall into the two-dimensional contour shape of each layer. For example, in the example of FIG. 5A, the first hydraulic mixture is discharged to the inner peripheral side 11a and the outer peripheral side 11b of one layer of the shell wall portion 11. Moreover, in the example of the same figure (b), a 1st hydraulic mixture is discharged to the inner peripheral side 11a of the one layer of the shell wall part 11, the outer side 11c, and the outer peripheral side 11b.

  Further, when constructing the shell wall portion of the composite structure according to the present invention, the “shape of the shell wall contour” is not limited to the same shape in a longitudinal sectional view, and is a two-dimensional contour shape for each layer. Can be defined. That is, as shown to Fig.5 (a), each layer which comprises the shell wall part 11 is the same shape (1st layer 11p, 2nd layer 11q, 3rd layer 11r, 4th layer) from the lower side of the same figure. Of course, the first layer 11p is composed of three ejection portions 11t, 11u, and 11v in the width direction, and the second layer 11q is the width as shown in FIG. The third layer 11r can be composed of a pair of two ejection portions 11w and 11x in the direction, and one ejection portion 11y in the width direction. Furthermore, naturally, the configurations shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 can be appropriately combined with each other.

  Further, when the shell wall portion of the composite structure according to the present invention is constructed, the cross-sectional shape of the printing raw material 1 when discharged from the nozzle 26 can be various shapes. That is, as shown in FIG. 6A, the nozzle 26 can be cylindrical, and the cross-sectional shape 26n when the printing raw material 1 is discharged can be circular, as shown in FIG. 6B. Can be made into a rectangular cylinder shape, and the cross-sectional shape 26n when the printing raw material 1 is discharged can be made into a rectangular shape. Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, the nozzle 26 can be formed into a polygonal cylindrical shape having a rectangular shape or more, and the cross-sectional shape 26n at the time of discharging the printing raw material 1 can be formed into a polygonal shape. The example in the figure is a hexagonal example. Lamination using such nozzles is suitable for improving the bonding strength between the layers.

Furthermore, the other example of the construction method of the composite structure which concerns on FIG. 7 at this invention is shown.
The example shown in the figure is an example of application of backfill material to a wife wall / partition wall, and a partition wall 55 is constructed between an underground facility 51 and a retaining wall 52 made of steel sheet piles in an underground construction site. This is an example. In particular, this example differs from the above embodiment in that the wall surface of the underground facility 51 and the wall surface of the retaining wall 52 are part of the shell wall portion.

  That is, in the construction method of the composite structure according to the present invention, in the shell wall forming step, the shell wall having a section closed by surrounding the first hydraulic mixture along the outline of the shell wall to be constructed. `` Forming the part '' means that if the `` shell wall part having a closed section '' is formed, all of the `` shell wall outline to be constructed '' is `` laminated the first hydraulic mixture ''. It is meant to include the case where a part of “the outline of the shell wall to be constructed” is “laminated with the first hydraulic mixture”.

  As shown in the figure, in this modified example, two shell wall surfaces that are separated in the opposing direction between the wall surface of the underground facility 51 and the wall surface of the retaining wall 52 among the shell walls to be constructed at the construction site. 11m is constructed, and the shell wall portion 11 having the section 11k whose periphery is closed by the cooperation of the two shell wall surfaces 11m, the wall surface of the underground facility 51, and the wall surface of the retaining wall 52 is formed. After that, the fluidized soil 3 is filled from the concrete pump truck 40 of the ground part 53 as the second hydraulic mixture containing cement or the like into the section 11k of the shell wall part 11 to construct the filling part 17.

  In this modification, the first material supply device 20 uses the vehicle-mounted robot arm 24 in the underground portion 54, and can quickly move to an expected position where construction work for the shell wall is required. And after moving to the expected position, the enclosure part by the shell wall part 11 is based on the program of the 3D printing process for the shell wall construction by the control part 30 of the 1st material supply apparatus 20 like the said embodiment. Construction can be done quickly and unattended by lamination. In this modification, the shell wall portion 11 only needs to be able to build a shell wall that can withstand the hydraulic pressure when filling the fluidized soil 3 in a short time, so the accuracy of the finished shape of the shell wall surface 11m is roughly (For example, the error of the finished shape is within ± 5 cm).

  In addition, as for the process of stacking the print layers by layer-printing the printing raw material 1 one layer at a time, in the same way as in the above embodiment, in addition to constructing the shell wall based on a pre-stored 3D printing processing program, The shell wall may be constructed on the basis of a 3D printing processing program capable of performing teaching / playback by the operator. In particular, teaching / playback by an operator in the field is effective for a simple lamination process as shown in FIG.

  Further, as an example of the first material supply device 20, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the robot arm 24 is installed in a climbing crane type device is shown, and in the modified example of FIG. Although examples are shown, the present invention is not limited to this, and at the construction site, the first hydraulic mixture can be laminated along the outline of the shell wall to be built to form a shell wall portion having a closed section. If it is a simple apparatus, it can be set as a various aspect. For example, the present invention is not limited to the robot arm type, and any apparatus including a 3D printer of various modes can be adopted as long as the apparatus includes a supply head movable in three axes of X, Y, and Z.

1 Print raw material (first hydraulic mixture)
2 Ready-mixed concrete (second hydraulic mixture)
3 Fluidized soil (second hydraulic mixture)
10 Footing (composite structure)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Shell wall part 11r Shell wall outline 11u Inner outline 11s Outer outline 11k Shell wall division 12 Outer shell wall 13 Inner shell wall 15 Outer reinforcement wall 16 Inner reinforcement wall 17 Filling part 18 Gap part 20 First material supply apparatus (Apparatus including 3D printer: Composite structure construction equipment)
21 Tower 22 Base frame 23 Swivel table 24 Articulated arm 25 Supply head 26 Nozzle 27 Raw material supply pipe 28 Supply chamber 29 Supply pump 30 Control unit 40 Concrete pump car (second material supply apparatus: composite structure construction apparatus))
41 Frame 42 Multistage boom 43 Transfer pipe 44 Concrete pump 45 Hopper 50 Underground construction site (construction site)
51 underground facility 52 retaining wall 53 above ground part 54 underground part 55 partition wall 60 concrete mixer truck G construction site

Claims (10)

It is a method of constructing a composite structure using a plurality of hydraulic mixtures that have fluidity during construction and harden after construction,
A shell wall forming step of forming a shell wall portion having a closed section by laminating a first hydraulic mixture along a contour of the shell wall to be constructed at a construction site, and a partition of the shell wall portion A method of constructing a composite structure, comprising: a section filling step in which a second hydraulic mixture is filled to form a filling portion.   The first hydraulic mixture has a fluidity that can be placed along the contour at the time of supply, and a thixotropic property that is fixed at the supply position on the contour at the time of stacking and is self-supporting so as to be able to be stacked on the top. The method for constructing a composite structure according to claim 1, further comprising: fast curing that is fixed to the supply position on the contour after the lamination and that self-supports and cures so as to be laminated on the upper part.   The construction method for a composite structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second hydraulic mixture is ready-mixed concrete.   The construction method for a composite structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second hydraulic mixture is fluidized soil. A composite structure formed using a plurality of hydraulic mixtures that have fluidity during construction and harden after construction,
A shell wall portion formed by laminating a first hydraulic mixture along a contour of the shell wall at a construction site to form a closed partition, and a second hydraulic mixture in the shell wall portion And a filling part that is filled at the construction site. It is the composite structure construction apparatus used for the construction method of the composite structure as described in any one of Claims 1-4,
A first material supply device for supplying said first hydraulic mixture along the contour of the shell wall to be constructed; and a second material supply for supplying said second hydraulic mixture into said shell wall compartment An apparatus for constructing a composite structure.   The composite structure construction device according to claim 6, wherein the first material supply device is a device including a 3D printer.   The composite material construction device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the second material supply device is a device including a concrete pump vehicle.   The material supply port of said 1st material supply apparatus is a composite structure construction apparatus as described in any one of Claims 6-8 which has a nozzle whose cross section is a polygonal shape.   The composite structure construction apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, further comprising a compacting vibrator attached in the vicinity of a material supply unit of the second material supply apparatus.

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