JP2018195560A - 非水二次電池用負極活物質、及び、非水二次電池 - Google Patents
非水二次電池用負極活物質、及び、非水二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018195560A JP2018195560A JP2018003748A JP2018003748A JP2018195560A JP 2018195560 A JP2018195560 A JP 2018195560A JP 2018003748 A JP2018003748 A JP 2018003748A JP 2018003748 A JP2018003748 A JP 2018003748A JP 2018195560 A JP2018195560 A JP 2018195560A
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- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- secondary battery
- graphite
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
Description
ホウ素を含有する黒鉛を含み、黒鉛のLi基準の平均放電電位が、0.16V以上0.2V以下である、非水二次電池用負極活物質。
原料となる炭素前駆体材料に、ホウ素原料を添加および混合し、不活性ガス雰囲気において2100℃〜3000℃程度で焼成することにより、黒鉛化、及び炭素骨格へのホウ素の固溶を進行させる。このときの焼成温度、焼成雰囲気、及び、焼成圧力などを制御することで、Li基準の平均放電電位を任意に制御することができる。黒鉛化過程の焼成雰囲気は、窒素あるいはアルゴン等の不活性ガスを好適に用いることができる。
非水二次電池は、正極と、負極と、非水電解液と、を備える。
《実施例1》
(1)負極活物質の合成
平均粒径が12μmの石油コークス粉末に、ホウ酸原料(CAS番号:10043−35−3)を添加し、メノウ乳鉢を用いて粉砕混合した。ここで、石油コークス粉末に対するホウ素原料の添加量は10質量%とした。石油コークス粉末に対するホウ素の割合は1.7質量%である。その後、アチソン炉で2800℃焼成を行った。さらに、この炭素材料をメノウ乳鉢で粉砕し、目開き40μmのSUS製標準篩を用いて分級した。以上により、非水二次電池用負極活物質を得た。
上記の合成方法により得られた非水二次電池用負極活物質、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CAS番号:9000−11−7)、及び、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合ゴム(CAS番号:9003−55−8)を、重量比が97:2:1となるよう秤量し、純水中に分散させスラリーを調製した。その後、塗工機を用いて、スラリーを、厚み10μmの銅箔で構成した負極集電体2b上に塗工し、塗膜を圧延機で圧延し、極板を得た。
フルオロエチレンカーボネート(CAS番号:114435−02−8)とジメチルカーボネート(CAS番号:616−38−6)との混合溶媒(体積比1:4)に1.2mol/LのLiPF6(CAS番号:21324−40−3)を溶解し、電解液とした。電解液の調合は、露点−60度以下、酸素値1ppm以下のAr雰囲気のグローブボックス内で行った。
上記の性能評価用負極を用いて、リチウム金属を対極とする負極評価用のハーフセルを作製した。評価用セルの作製は、露点−60℃以下、酸素値1ppm以下のAr雰囲気のグローブボックス内で行った。
上記に従って作製した評価用セルを、80×80cmのステンレス鋼(厚み2mm)で極板群4をラミネートの上から挟むようにして、クランプで0.2MPaで加圧固定した。なお、評価はすべて25℃の恒温槽中で行った。
正極活物質としてLi(Ni,Co,Al)O2を用い、正極活物質と導電助剤アセチレンブラックと結着剤ポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、重量比8:1:1となるように秤量し、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)溶媒中に分散させスラリーを調製した。その後、塗工機を用いて、スラリーを、Al集電体1b上に塗工し、塗膜を圧延機で圧延し、極板を得た。これを、負極の加工方法を示す図3と同様の方法で加工し、正極10を得た。
負極活物質1グラム当り20mAの電流密度となるように、充放電で流れる電流を制限しながら、充電および放電を4サイクル繰り返した。充電は電池電圧4.2Vで、放電は電池電圧2.5Vで、夫々終止させ、充電と放電の間は20分間開回路にて静置した。
実施例1の非水二次電池用負極活物質の合成方法において、さらに、アチソン炉で2800℃焼成後の炭素材料を炭素るつぼにいれ、アルゴン雰囲気下1900℃で熱処理を施した。この点を除いて、実施例1と同様の方法で非水二次電池用負極活物質を合成した。なお、熱処理の際、負極活物質からのホウ素の昇華が進みすぎないように、炭素るつぼは事前に大量のホウ素と炭素とともに焼成し、ホウ素で飽和させてから用いた。
アルゴン雰囲気下の再焼成温度を2300℃としたことを除いて、実施例2と同様の方法で非水二次電池用負極活物質を合成した。
アルゴン雰囲気下の再焼成温度を2800℃としたことを除いて、実施例2と同様の方法で非水二次電池用負極活物質を合成した。
黒鉛焼成時のホウ素原料の添加量を、石油コークス粉末に対して20質量%としたことを除いて、実施例3と同様の方法で非水二次電池用負極活物質を合成した。石油コークス粉末に対するホウ素の割合は3.4質量%である。
アルゴン雰囲気下の再焼成温度を2800℃としたことを除いて、実施例5と同様の方法で非水二次電池用負極活物質を合成した。
アルゴン雰囲気下の再焼成において、焼成圧力を大気圧から0.2GPaに変更し、高圧下で焼成したことを除いて、実施例5と同様の方法で非水二次電池用負極活物質を合成した。
アチソン炉で2800℃焼成時にホウ素原料を添加しないことを除いて、実施例1と同様の方法で非水二次電池用負極活物質を合成した。
黒鉛焼成時のホウ素原料の添加量を、石油コークス粉末に対して1質量%としたことを除いて、実施例3と同様の方法で非水二次電池用負極活物質を合成した。石油コークス粉末に対するホウ素の割合は0.17質量%である。
Claims (10)
- ホウ素を含有する黒鉛を含み、
前記黒鉛のLi基準の平均放電電位が、0.16V以上0.2V以下である、非水二次電池用負極活物質。 - 前記平均放電電位が、0.17V以上0.2V以下である、請求項1に記載の非水二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記黒鉛中のホウ素の含有量が0.03質量%より大きく、且つ1質量%以下である、請求項1または2に記載の非水二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記黒鉛中のホウ素の含有量が0.29質量%以上0.5質量%以下である、請求項3に記載の非水二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記黒鉛の層間距離が、3.348Å以上であって3.355Åより小さい、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の非水二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記黒鉛の層間距離が、3.348Å以上3.352Å以下である、請求項5に記載の非水二次電池用負極活物質。
- 前記ホウ素は固溶した状態で前記黒鉛に含まれている、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の非水二次電池用負極活物質。
- アルカリ金属イオンを吸蔵および放出可能な正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極活物質を含む負極と、
非水電解液と、を含む非水二次電池であって、
前記負極活物質が、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の非水二次電池用負極活物質を含む、非水二次電池。 - 前記アルカリ金属イオンが、リチウムイオンである、請求項8に記載の非水二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液は、1以上のフッ素基を有する鎖状カルボン酸エステルを含む非水溶媒を含む、請求項8または9に記載の非水二次電池。
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