JP2018161615A - Disposal method of electronic / electric equipment parts waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for processing component scraps of electronic and electrical equipment by which a desired single component, in particular, a capacitor can be selectively separated from the scraps of the electronic and electrical equipment, and a treatment efficiency of the scraps of the electronic and electrical equipment can be improved.SOLUTION: A method for processing component scraps of electronic and electrical equipment according to which a waste capacitor and other component scraps can be separated from the component scraps of the electronic and electrical equipment by use of a rolling separator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for processing electronic / electrical device component waste, and more particularly, to a method for processing electronic / electrical device component waste suitable for recycling of used electronic / electrical device.

  From the viewpoint of resource conservation in recent years, it has become increasingly popular to collect valuable metals from scrapped household electrical appliances, electronic and electrical equipment parts such as PCs and mobile phones, and an efficient recovery method is being studied. Has been.

  For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-123418 (Patent Document 1), electrical / electronic equipment component waste containing copper is incinerated and then crushed to a predetermined size or less, and the crushed electrical / electronic device component waste is smelted with copper. Processing in a furnace is described.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-123418

  However, in the method described in Patent Document 1, there is room for improvement in terms of energy cost for incineration because the electric / electronic device component waste is incinerated before being pulverized. Furthermore, in a smelting furnace or the like used in a metal recovery process for electronic / electric equipment component waste, there is a problem that the processing efficiency is lowered if aluminum is present. For this reason, it is desirable to reduce as much as possible the smelting-inhibiting substance from the component scraps that are input to the melting furnace before being input to the melting furnace.

  On the other hand, in recent years, it has begun to consider separating and processing a single component from electronic / electric equipment component waste. However, at present, it is difficult to selectively separate and collect a desired single component from various and multi-shaped component scraps.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention can selectively separate a desired single component, particularly a capacitor, from electronic / electric equipment component waste, and can improve the processing efficiency of electronic / electric equipment component waste.・ Provide a method for disposing of electrical equipment component waste.

  As a result of intensive investigations, the present inventors have found that a desired single component can be efficiently recovered by using a sorting machine among various sorters.

  The present invention completed on the basis of the above knowledge provides, in one aspect, a method for processing electronic / electrical device component waste that sorts waste capacitors and other component waste from electronic / electrical device component waste using a diverter. Is done.

  In one embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical equipment component waste according to the present invention, the other component waste includes at least wire scrap or flat scrap.

  In another embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical equipment component waste according to the present invention, the diverter is a belt conveyor type sorting machine that sorts electronic / electrical device component waste in two axial directions.

  In another embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention, the sorting surface of the diverter has an inclination for rolling the waste capacitor supplied on the sorting surface in a predetermined direction.

  In another embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention, the inclination angle of the selection surface of the diverter with respect to the horizontal direction is 5 to 45 °.

  In another embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention, the waste capacitor supplied on the sorting surface of the diverter is urged so as to roll out in a predetermined direction. Input equipment parts waste.

  In another embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention, vibration for adjusting the direction of the waste capacitor is applied to at least the sorting surface of the selector.

  In another embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention, a jig for adjusting the direction of the waste capacitor is provided on the selection surface of the selection machine.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the desired single component, especially a capacitor | condenser can be selectively isolate | separated from electronic / electric equipment component waste, and the electronic / electric equipment which can improve the processing efficiency of electronic / electric equipment component waste A method for treating part waste can be provided.

It is a perspective view showing an example of a transfer machine concerning an embodiment of the invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. “Electronic / electrical device parts waste” in the embodiment of the present invention refers to wastes obtained by crushing waste electrical appliances / electronic / electrical devices such as PCs and mobile phones, and after being collected, they are crushed to an appropriate size. It points to what was done. In the present invention, crushing to make electronic / electric equipment component waste may be performed by the processor himself, or may be purchased from the city.

  The crushing method is not limited to a specific device, but does not include a device belonging to the category of pulverizer. In addition, as much as possible, crushing that does not impair the shape of the components is preferable. Examples thereof include a substrate surface peeling device, a cross flow shredder, and a vertical rotary crusher. A coarse pulverizer such as a parts separator may be used.

  Although not limited to the following, in the present embodiment, the electronic / electric equipment component waste is preferably crushed to a maximum diameter of about 100 mm or less. Furthermore, it is preferable to separate the raw materials for electronic / electric equipment component scraps according to this embodiment in advance in the form of capacitors, plastics, substrates, wire scraps, ICs, connectors, metals, and the like. Thereby, it becomes easier to select a specific single component by a transfer machine to be described later.

  The roughly crushed electronic / electrical equipment component waste is subjected to wind sorting, and a heavy object sorted in the wind sorting of 5 to 20 m / s may be a processing target of this embodiment. By combining wind sorting, sorting efficiency is improved.

  In the present embodiment, for example, using a selector 1 shown in FIG. 1, waste capacitors and other component scraps are subjected to shape selection from electronic / electrical device component scraps. That is, the sorting machine 1 selects the shape of cylindrical waste capacitors and other component wastes including at least wire scraps or flat scraps. “Wire scrap” means the wiring between devices of electronic and electrical equipment made of copper, copper alloy, aluminum, etc. and the electric wires used inside the equipment. “Flat waste” means the resin of the printed wiring board, It means a crushed material of heat sink material, iron pieces, SUS pieces, ICs and connectors.

  The selection machine 1 is a separation device that uses the difference in the shape (ease of rolling) of raw materials, and has been widely used for shape selection of soybeans and granular seeds, but has not been used for industrial purposes. It was. In the present embodiment, by using the reversing machine 1 among various sorters, for example, the dispersibility of the raw materials is better than various sorters used for sorting conventional recycled materials such as a uniaxial air table, High sorting performance can be obtained. In addition, the transfer machine can sort the raw materials into multiple types according to the rolling state in a single process according to the rolling condition of each piece of raw material (electronic / electric equipment component waste). This is advantageous in that a desired single component can be efficiently selected.

  In particular, since many waste capacitors generally have a cylindrical shape, control is performed so that the sorting surface of the selector 1 is rolled in a predetermined direction along the cylindrical side surface of the waste capacitor. Thus, the capacitors can be easily selected.

  Waste capacitors have an aluminum grade of about 50%, depending on the type. Therefore, the waste capacitor is recovered in the state of a single component using the selector 1 and is removed in advance from the electronic / electric equipment component waste, so that aluminum that becomes a smelting inhibitor in the subsequent metal recovery process Can be taken out of the electronic waste processing flow system.

  In general, there are a spiral type and a belt conveyor type, but when sorting electronic / electric equipment parts waste according to the present embodiment, among these types, the transfer machine 1 is particularly a belt conveyor type sorter. It is preferable to use 1. Furthermore, among the belt conveyor systems, it is preferable to use a sorter of a front / rear / left / right direction sorting system capable of sorting in two axial (front / back / left / right) directions orthogonal to the sorting surface 11.

  The selector 1 can mainly sort the raw material into those that are easy to roll, those that are difficult to roll, and those that are medium in rolling, but for those that are medium in rolling, rotation of the sorting surface 11 (belt conveyor). By changing processing conditions such as speed and angle, it is easy to make adjustments so as to be sorted into a predetermined direction and position.

  Thereby, the sorting efficiency of electronic / electric equipment component waste can be further increased, and the processing efficiency of electronic / electric equipment component waste can be improved. In particular, by using a belt conveyor type sorter, it is possible to disperse the sample in the biaxial direction, so that it is possible to efficiently treat the wire scraps that are easily entangled with other parts.

  The selector 1 preferably has a sorting surface 11 to which component waste is supplied, and has an inclination for rolling a waste capacitor supplied on the sorting surface in a predetermined direction. The “inclination for rolling the waste capacitor in a predetermined direction” differs depending on the specifications of the apparatus and the shape and size of the component waste as the raw material, but when the component waste is supplied to the sorting surface 11, It means that at least 80%, typically about 80%, has a slope that rolls out along the slope of the selection surface 11.

  The sorting surface 11 has a front-rear direction of the selector, that is, a direction parallel to the supply direction of the electronic / electric equipment component waste (also referred to as a product discharge side inclination or a front-rear inclination), and a left-right direction of the selector, ie, electronic / electric Although it is possible to incline in two directions (also referred to as the waste discharge side inclination or left-right inclination) perpendicular to the supply direction of the device component waste, if the sorting surface 11 is tilted in two directions, the sorting surface 11 Depending on the direction of the supplied waste capacitor, the rolling direction may change. For this reason, in this embodiment, the selection surface 11 has an inclination in one direction so as to have an inclination angle θ1 (see FIG. 1) that decreases in a direction parallel to the supply direction X of the electronic / electrical device component waste. It is preferable.

  In addition, when the inclination angle θ1 is small, those that are inherently easy to roll, for example, spherical ones, roll, but as the inclination angle θ1 is increased, the types of objects that are easy to roll increase. The waste capacitor to be selected in the present embodiment is in the form of a cylinder. When the axis of the cylinder is aligned with the inclination direction of the selector 1, it is most difficult to roll. It is most easy to roll when is perpendicular. If the inclination angle θ1 is increased, rolling starts from the one with a large deviation between the axis and the inclination. However, if the inclination angle θ1 is too large, other than the waste capacitor can easily roll.

  Since it varies depending on the specifications of the apparatus and the shape and size of the component waste, it is not limited to the following, but the inclination angle θ1 (see FIG. 1) of the selection surface with respect to the horizontal plane is typically 5 to 45 °. More typically, the inclination angle θ1 is 5 to 20 °.

  Further, the rotational speed in the left-right direction of the transfer machine 1 on the surface of the belt conveyor forming the sorting surface 11, in other words, the rotational speed in the traveling direction of the sorting surface 11 that moves in the direction perpendicular to the supply direction of the component waste is also described below. Although not limited to, for example, it can be set to 5 to 30 m / s, and more typically, the rotation speed is 10 to 20 m / s. By adjusting the tilt angle and the rotation speed to the above ranges, the separation efficiency of the waste capacitor is increased.

  If the electronic / electrical equipment component waste is thrown onto the sorting surface 11 with momentum in the inclination direction, the waste capacitor to be sorted becomes easier to roll. For this reason, momentum or speed is applied so that the waste capacitor contained in the electronic / electric equipment component waste supplied onto the sorting surface 11 of the selector 1 rolls out in a predetermined direction set in advance. It is preferable to throw in electronic / electric equipment component waste.

  Here, the “momentum” or “speed” required for the waste capacitor to roll out in a predetermined direction differs depending on the specifications of the apparatus and the shape and size of the component scrap as raw material, but the component scrap is selected by the sorting surface 11. It means that 60% or more of the entire waste capacitor has a momentum or speed that rolls out along the inclination of the sorting surface 11 when supplied to.

  In order to give the above-mentioned momentum or speed to the component waste, for example, an elongate for supplying and distributing the electronic / electric equipment component waste disposed above the sorting surface 11 of the selector 1 to the sorting surface 11. This can be realized, for example, by inclining the material feeding feeder having a concave cross section.

  Although not limited to the following, for example, when the horizontal plane is the reference plane, the inclination angle θ2 (see FIG. 1) of the supply surface of the raw material input feeder with respect to the reference plane can be 10 to 60 °, More typically, the inclination angle θ2 can be set to 40 to 50 °.

  As a result, even when the direction in which the waste capacitor rolls does not match the inclination direction of the belt conveyor, the waste capacitor can be rotated using the supplied waste capacitor supply speed. Helps to incline.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to apply vibration for adjusting the direction of the waste capacitor on at least the selection surface 11 of the transfer device. In the present embodiment, a cylindrical waste capacitor is selected, but since it is cylindrical, it is characterized by a rolling method compared to other single components contained in component scrap. However, when the inclination direction of the sorting surface of the belt conveyor and the rolling direction of the cylinder are deviated from each other, there is a case in which the waste capacitor rolls differently and cannot be sorted well.

  Furthermore, since the part waste to be processed in this embodiment includes those that have been roughly crushed in advance, there is a waste capacitor that has been deformed by rough crushed. Alternatively, there is a waste capacitor or the like that is caught on a wire rod or flat crushed material and does not fall from the sorting surface. According to the present embodiment, by applying vibration on the sorting surface 11 of the selector 1, the waste capacitor can be changed to a desired direction, or the catch on the wire rod or flat crushed material can be released. This improves the sorting efficiency of waste capacitors.

  The vibration is preferably imparted so that the vibration width in the direction perpendicular to the sorting surface of the belt conveyor is 5 to 20 mm. If the vibration width is too large, wire scraps and plate-like scraps may also move in the direction of the belt conveyor and the separation efficiency may decrease, and if the vibration width is too small, the effect of vibration cannot be obtained significantly. The vibration width is more preferably 7 to 15 mm. Alternatively, it is preferable to apply a vibration with a frequency of 10 to 60 Hz on the sorting surface 11 of the diverter 1, and more preferably the frequency is 20 to 40 Hz.

  The vibration can be applied intermittently or continuously to the sorting surface 11 of the diverter 1. By continuously applying vibration, it is possible to stably recover the waste capacitor, and by applying vibration intermittently, power necessary for driving vibration can be omitted. Of course, the vibration can be applied not only to the selection surface 11 but also to the raw material charging feeder.

  It is preferable that the selector 1 is provided with a jig (an inclined plate) for adjusting the direction of the waste capacitor above the selection surface 11. It has an elongated plate shape that extends in the direction parallel to the extending direction of the raw material input feeder from the rear to the front of the transfer machine, and is located downstream of the raw material input feeder in the moving direction of the belt conveyor. Has been placed. By arranging the inclined plate, it is possible to correct the direction of the columnar waste capacitor that is easy to roll in a target direction.

  Examples of the present invention are shown below, but these examples are provided for better understanding of the present invention and its advantages, and are not intended to limit the invention.

  The size of the front and rear of the belt size is 1200 mm, the left and right width is 1400 mm, and the undersize obtained by sieving raw materials for electronic / electric equipment parts using a 16 mm sieve and the heavy goods selected by wind sorting, The rotation speed of the belt conveyor constituting the sorting surface for the component waste is 15 m / s using a diverter having an inclination angle θ1 of 15 ° and a jig for adjusting the direction of the waste capacitor on the sorting surface. While moving, the sorting surface was periodically vibrated and fed in batches from a raw material charging feeder having an inclination angle θ2 of 45 °. As shown in FIG. 1, sorting cars A to C are provided on the front side of the selector, and sorting cars D to F are provided on the left side of the selector, and the parts waste sorted into each of the cars A to F are examined. Table 1 shows the ratio (by weight) of waste capacitors sorted into each car.

  According to the electronic / electrical device component waste processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention, a relatively simple separation method is used to remove a desired component, particularly a waste capacitor, from the electronic / electrical device component waste as a single component. Can be separated. Conventionally, it has been difficult to recover the aluminum component adhering to the metal, but there is a problem in the subsequent metal recovery process by selectively removing the waste capacitor as a single component from the electronic / electric equipment component waste. It is possible to reduce the aluminum concentration in the electronic / electric equipment component waste.

Claims (8)

  A method for processing electronic / electrical device component waste, comprising: sorting a waste capacitor and other component waste from electronic / electrical device component waste using a transfer machine.   The said other component waste contains at least wire scrap or flat-plate waste, The processing method of the electronic / electric equipment component waste of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The method for processing electronic / electrical equipment component waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transfer machine is a belt conveyor type sorting machine that sorts the electronic / electrical device component waste in two axial directions. .   The electron according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sorting surface of the diverter has an inclination for rolling the waste capacitor supplied on the sorting surface in a predetermined direction.・ Method of disposing of electrical equipment parts waste.   The processing method for electronic / electrical equipment component waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an inclination angle of a selection surface of the selection machine with respect to a horizontal direction is 5 to 45 °.   6. The electronic / electric equipment component waste is thrown into the waste capacitor supplied on the sorting surface of the turning machine so as to roll out in a predetermined direction. The processing method of electronic / electrical equipment component waste of 1 item | term.   The processing of the electronic / electric equipment component waste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a vibration for adjusting a direction of the waste capacitor is applied to at least a selection surface of the selection machine. Method.   The processing method of the electronic / electric equipment component waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a jig for adjusting the direction of the waste capacitor is provided on a selection surface of the rotary selection machine. .

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